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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Wool South Australia Grading"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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1

Doran-Browne, Natalie A., John Ive, Phillip Graham, and Richard J. Eckard. "Carbon-neutral wool farming in south-eastern Australia." Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15541.

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Ruminant livestock production generates higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) compared with other types of farming. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce or offset those emissions where possible. Although mitigation options exist that reduce ruminant GHGE through the use of feed management, flock structure or breeding management, these options only reduce the existing emissions by up to 30% whereas planting trees and subsequent carbon sequestration in trees and soil has the potential for livestock emissions to be offset in their entirety. Trees can introduce additional co-benefits th

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2

Littleton, Judith. "Dental wear and age grading at Roonka, South Australia." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 163, no. 3 (April 4, 2017): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23226.

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3

Doyle, PT, RA Love, and TW Plaisted. "Mineral supplementation and wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950437.

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Wool-free liveweight change (LWC), wool growth rate, annual wool production, and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers fed supplements of lupins with gypsum or a multi-element mineral lick were examined in 12 experiments at 5 farms between 1989 and 1992. The source of sheep varied between experiments; age was 4.5-6.5 months and liveweight 28-37 kg at the beginning of supplementation. Sheep were fed lupins, lupins coated with gypsum (15-20 g/kg lupins), or lupins along with access to the mineral lick (offered at 140 g/sheep.week). The amount of lupins offered in all treatments within any

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4

Vere, D. T., P. M. Dowling, R. E. Jones, and D. R. Kemp. "Economic impact of Vulpia in temperate pasture systems in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01100.

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An increasing incidence of annual grasses is considered to be a primary cause of decline in the productivity of Australia's temperate pasture systems. In particular, Vulpia (silver grass) comprises a significant proportion of the biomass of many temperate pastures and can seriously affect livestock productivity. The main economic effects of Vulpia include reducing pasture carrying capacities, contaminating produce and competing with more desirable pasture species. This paper presents the results of an economic evaluation of the costs of Vulpia and the long-term benefits of improving Vulpia man

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5

Campbell, A. J. D., J. W. A. Larsen, and A. L. Vizard. "The effect of annual shearing time on wool production by a spring-lambing Merino flock in south-eastern Australia." Animal Production Science 51, no. 10 (2011): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10270.

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Time of shearing affects many aspects of wool production and sheep health but no study has examined these factors concurrently in a spring-lambing, self-replacing Merino flock in southern Australia. A 5-year field experiment compared wool production in spring-lambing Merino ewes and their progeny shorn at different times and managed under commercial conditions in south-eastern Australia. Groups of 200 adult ewes were shorn in December, March or May, and their progeny were shorn in December or October, March or June, or May or July, respectively. There was no consistent association between time

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6

Albertsen, TO, RH Casey, and KP Croker. "Accumulation and dissipation of dieldrin in mature wethers in the south-west of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 3 (1995): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950331.

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The concentrations of dieldrin in body and wool fats of wethers grazed on 6 dieldrin-contaminated sites in the south-west of Western Australia were monitored over 2.5 years. Soil and pasture concentrations of dieldrin, a legacy of previous horticultural activities at these sites, were also measured. The concentrations of dieldrin in the soils varied from about 0.2 to 1.7 m a g . The production of the pastures at all sites showed a typical Mediterranean pattern with peak production in spring. The quantity of dry matter available ranged from <1000 kg/ha during summer-autumn to 10000 kg/ha in

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7

Bird, PR, PR Bird, JD Kellas, JD Kellas, GA Kearney, GA Kearney, KN Cumming, and KN Cumming. "Animal production under a series of Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry systems in South-West Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 6 (1995): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9951299.

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Liveweight and greasy wool production data from young wethers were collected for the period autumn to early summer for the years 1986 to 1994 from an on-going Pinus radiata-pasture project at Carngham, Victoria. A plantation established in 1981 on a grazing property was thinned in 1983 to give trees spaced at: (i) no trees (a grazing control), (ii) 8 mx 12 m, (iii) 4 mx9 m, (iv) 4 mx3 m in a 5-row belt then a 10-row pasture gap, and (v) 2 mx3 m (original spacing). By 1989 the density of trees in these systems was slightly reduced by windthrow, animal damage and thinning to (ii) 60 trees/ha, (i

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8

Henry, B. K., D. Butler, and S. G. Wiedemann. "Quantifying carbon sequestration on sheep grazing land in Australia for life cycle assessment studies." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 4 (2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14109.

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The sheep industry has played an important role in Australia’s development and economy over the 220 years since European settlement and remains an important land use in Australia, occupying an estimated 85 million ha of continental land mass. Historically, deforestation was carried out in many sheep-rearing regions to promote pasture growth but this has not occurred within recent decades and many wool producers have invested in planting trees as well as preserving patches of remnant vegetation. Although the limitations of single environmental impact studies are recognised, this paper focuses o

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9

McGilchrist, P., J. L. Perovic, G. E. Gardner, D. W. Pethick, and C. G. Jose. "The incidence of dark cutting in southern Australian beef production systems fluctuates between months." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14356.

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Dark cutting is detrimental to meat quality and therefore is the major cause of carcass downgrades under the Meat Standards Australia grading system. This study quantified the variation between months in the incidence of dark cutting, in southern Australia. Four years of Meat Standards Australia grading data, from nine individual beef processors in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania, was utilised for the analysis. The dataset contained 42 162 slaughter groups, of 10 or more grass-fed cattle, which allowed for the percentage of dark cutters per slaughter group to be analy

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10

Craig, AD. "The performance of Merino ewes and lambs grazing two cultivars of Trifolium subterraneum at Kybybolite, South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 5 (1992): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920605.

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Two cultivars of subterranean clover, Trikkala and Mt Barker, were continuously grazed by Merino ewes and lambs at 3 stocking rates (8, 13, 18 ewes/ha) from 1976 to 1981. The sheep were assessed for liveweight, fleeceweight, fibre diameter, staple length, wool yield and lambing performance including lambing, marking and weaning percentage. From September 1978 onward, ewes grazing Trikkala pastures were consistently heavier than those grazing Mt Barker pastures, and they produced heavier fleeces in 1978 and 1980, with a 3 and 9% greater total wool production. The heavier fleeces of 1980 were as

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11

Fleming, P. J. S., J. D. Croft, and H. I. Nicol. "The impact of rabbits on a grazing system in eastern New South Wales. 2. Sheep production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 7 (2002): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01107.

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Much research, time and money have been invested in the control of rabbits in Australia, yet the relationship between rabbit density and livestock production losses has not been quantified. We experimentally investigated the variations in sheep production parameters caused by 4 densities of rabbits, 0, 24, 48 and 72 rabbits/ha. Medium to strong wool merino wethers were run at a constant stocking rate in replicated plots with rabbits at 4� different densities. Sheep liveweight and body condition and wool production variables were measured over 3�years. Low to medium densities of rabbits were no

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12

Doyle, PT, TW Plaisted, and RA Love. "Supplementary feeding pattern and rate of liveweight gain in winter-spring affect wool production of young Merino sheep on the south coast of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 8 (1995): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9951093.

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The effects of different supplementary feeding practices in summer-autumn and management strategies on green pasture on liveweight change, wool growth rate, annual wool production and wool characteristics of young Merino wethers were examined at 2 farms. The grain feeding treatments were lupins (L) or lupins and oats (LO) fed in amounts that were adjusted to try and maintain liveweight, or lupins and oats (LOG) fed at a higher rate. The objectives of liveweight maintenance or gain were not always achieved, but liveweight patterns differed between LOG compared with L or LO during summer-autumn.

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13

Merrett, David Tolmie, and Simon Ville. "Accounting for Nonconvergence in Global Wool Marketing before 1939." Business History Review 89, no. 2 (2015): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000641.

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From the mid-nineteenth century, raw wool became a global commodity as new producing countries in the Southern Hemisphere supplied the world's growing textile industries in the North. The selling practices of these big-five exporters—Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, and Uruguay—ranged from auction through a hybrid of auction and private sale to exclusively private sale. We explore why these countries persisted with different marketing arrangements, contradicting two streams of literature on institutions: isomorphism and the new institutional economics. The article makes several

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14

Gardener, M. R., R. D. B. Whalley, and B. M. Sindel. "Ecology of Nassella neesiana, Chilean needle grass, in pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. I. Seed production and dispersal." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 6 (2003): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01075.

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Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth (Chilean needle grass) originated in South America and is now a widespread weed in pastures in south-eastern Australia. To date, little research on the biology of N.�neesiana has been undertaken in Australia. This study investigated several aspects of the biology of N. neesiana in pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The main flowering period for N. neesiana in Australia was shown to extend from November to February and is similar to that in South America. Potential for production of panicle seeds was large and varied from 1584

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15

Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, M. K. Conyers, L. J. C. Castleman, R. P. Fisher, G. J. Poile, C. J. Lisle, B. R. Cullis, and P. D. Cregan. "Pasture and sheep responses to lime application in a grazing experiment in a high-rainfall area, south-eastern Australia. II. Liveweight gain and wool production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 10 (2006): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05299.

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‘Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER)’ is a long-term pasture–crop rotation experiment commenced in 1992. One of the objectives was to demonstrate the extent of crop, pasture, and animal responses to lime application on a typical acidic soil in the 500–800 mm rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Two types of pastures (perennial v. annual pastures) with or without lime application were established in 1992. Fifteen- to eighteen-month-old Merino hoggets were used as test animals and were changed annually. This paper reports the results of sheep responses to liming from th

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16

Kleemann, DO, RW Ponzoni, JE Stafford, and RJ Grimson. "Carcass composition of the South Australian Merino and its crosses with the Booroola and Trangie Fertility Merino." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 2 (1988): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880167.

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South Australian medium-wool (M), non- Peppin medium-wool Booroola (B) and Peppin medium-wool Trangie Fertility (TF) Merino rams were joined to M ewes at Turretfield Research Centre, South Australia, in 2 years. Carcass composition was assessed in the ewe and wether progeny at 2 mean slaughter liveweights, viz. 24 and 38 kg. When adjusted to the same carcass weight, B x M had 13% more carcass chemical fat, 15% more subcutaneous fat, 6% less bone and the same lean tissue as M. The same result was observed for TF x M in relation to M in year 2. However, TF x M had more lean and the same amount o

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17

Charlick, AJ, and GW Arnold. "Effect of bearing and rearing lambs on Merino wool production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 5 (1990): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900591.

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Over a 15-year period, the greasy fleece weights of medium-wooled Merino ewes lambing in June in a 625 mm winter rainfall area in south-western Australia were examined in relation to the numbers of lambs born and reared. The ewes were set stocked at 6.7 ewes/ha on annual pasture. During this period selection for increased wool production was undertaken. A generalised linear model was used to assess the effects of bearing and rearing lambs. There was a significant (P<0.05) year x lambing interaction because of a different response over years 1-7 from that over years 8-15. Over years 1-7 when

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18

Behrendt, R., A. J. van Burgel, A. Bailey, P. Barber, M. Curnow, D. J. Gordon, J. E. Hocking Edwards, C. M. Oldham, and A. N. Thompson. "On-farm paddock-scale comparisons across southern Australia confirm that increasing the nutrition of Merino ewes improves their production and the lifetime performance of their progeny." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10183.

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Experiments conducted by Lifetimewool at plot-scale have shown that differences in the maternal liveweight during pregnancy and lactation (liveweight profiles) of individual Merino ewes influences their wool production and reproductive rate as well as the birthweight, survival, weaning weight and lifetime wool production of their lambs in a predictable manner. This study determined whether these impacts of nutrition of the ewe on ewe and progeny performance are measurable on commercial properties across southern Australia at a paddock-scale where ewes were aggregated into flocks with a greater

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19

Bell, Stephen. "Aimé Bonpland and Merinomania in Southern South America." Americas 51, no. 3 (January 1995): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008225.

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As an integrating theme in the biological or ecological expansion of Europe, merino sheep were so important that one authority on their dispersal sees the nineteenth century standing as “the century of the Merino.” Merinos produce a wool of distinctive quality, one long appreciated for providing warmth without excessive weight. Guarded for centuries by Spanish monopoly, the breed's status as something of a prize outside Spain began to change in 1808 with the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian peninsula. By around 1820, a major new phase in merino dispersal was underway with its adaptation to s

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20

Ayres, J. F., M. J. McPhee, A. D. Turner, and M. L. Curll. "The grazing value of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) for sheep production in the northern tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 1 (2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99080.

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The grazing value of phalaris–white clover and tall fescue–white clover pastures was compared in a temperate summer-rainfall environment in the high rainfall zone of eastern Australia. Data were derived from an experiment which evaluated pasture cultivars when grown in binary mixtures and grazed by sheep. The data were also simulated with the decision support system SheepO (Version 4.0) and validated by visual techniques, deviance measures, and statistical tests. The model generally simulated green biomass, liveweight gain, and clean fleece weight with acceptable accuracy. Pasture based on tal

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PICKARD, JOHN. "The Transition from Shepherding to Fencing in Colonial Australia." Rural History 18, no. 2 (October 2007): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793307002129.

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AbstractThe transition from shepherding to fencing in colonial Australia was a technological revolution replacing labour with capital. Fencing could not be widespread in Australia until an historical conjunction of technological, social and economic changes: open camping of sheep (from about 1810), effective poisoning of dingoes with strychnine (from the mid-1840s), introduction of iron wire (1840s), better land tenure (from 1847), progressive reduction of Aboriginal populations, huge demand for meat (from 1851) and high wages (from 1851). Labour shortages in the gold-rushes of the early 1850s

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Young, J. M., G. Saul, R. Behrendt, F. Byrne, M. McCaskill, G. A. Kearney, and A. N. Thompson. "The economic benefits of providing shelter to reduce the mortality of twin lambs in south-western Victoria." Animal Production Science 54, no. 6 (2014): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13256.

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Achieving higher lamb weaning percentages by reducing lamb mortality can improve the profitability of sheep enterprises. In this paper we estimated the financial benefits from providing shelter to reduce the mortality of twin lambs in self-replacing Merino or dual-purpose Merino flock enterprises in south-west Victoria. A whole-farm bio-economic model (MIDAS) was initially used to estimate the increase in profit from reducing mortality of twin lambs and a second analysis included the costs of using perennial grass hedges to provide the shelter during lambing. The economic value of providing sh

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23

Davies, HL, PP Mann, and B. Goddard. "A comparison of the effects of feed supplements cobalt and selenium, and perennial and annual pastures on the production of medium Peppin Merino weaner sheep in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890361.

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Two experiments on weaner production are reported. In experiment 1, the liveweight and wool production were measured in medium Peppin Merino sheep that grazed at 10.5 weanerstha 8 plots of a mixed Phalaris aquatica-subterranean clover pasture or 8 plots of annual pasture (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Woogenellup and volunteer annual grass species). This was repeated over 2 years using autumn-born sheep; 4 groups on each pasture type were offered no supplement, 2 groups a cereal supplement (340 goats), and 2 groups of supplement isoenergetic with the cereal group but having a high protein meal re

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Thorn, CW, and MW Perry. "Effect of chemical removal of grasses from pasture leys on pasture and sheep production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 3 (1987): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870349.

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Pasture production, pasture composition and quality, and liveweight, body condition and wool growth of Merino weaner wethers were monitored over 2 seasons and at 2 stocking rates (4 and 8 sheep/ha) on a mixed annual grass-legume pasture sprayed with propyzamide to control grasses. Propyzamide virtually eliminated annual grasses from the pasture (less than 5 kg/ha of grass dry matter in spring v. 403 kg/ha on untreated pasture in 1981) and this carried over into the second season (61 kg/ha v. 647 kg/ha in spring 1982). Propyzamide treated pastures had less total dry matter (P = 0.05) throughout

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Scott, B. J., A. M. Ridley, and M. K. Conyers. "Management of soil acidity in long-term pastures of south-eastern Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 8 (2000): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00014.

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Acidification of non arable soils under long-term pasture presents a major agricultural problem in the high rainfall areas (≥600 mm/year) of central and southern New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria. Some of these soils were already strongly acid to depth before agriculture. Evidence suggests that persistence of pasture species tolerant of acidic soils is being affected adversely on a number of severely acidic soils. Acidification processes are well understood but the capacity for grazing enterprises to pay for amendment by lime application is a major constraint in long-term pasture area

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Trompf, J. P., and P. W. G. Sale. "The paired-paddock model as an agent for change on grazing properties across south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (2000): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00046.

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A detailed study was undertaken on the pasture management practices of 146 producers across south-east Australia who participated in the Grassland’s Productivity Program (GPP) for 3 years between 1993 and 1997. The GPP was an extension program to assist wool producers to develop skills and gain confidence in their ability to manage more productive pastures on their farms. The program consisted of 50 farmer groups (200 farmers participating) spread across the 4 states of South Australia, southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Each farmer established paired-paddocks on their own proper

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Sanford, P., X. Wang, K. D. Greathead, J. H. Gladman, and J. Speijers. "Impact of Tasmanian blue gum belts and kikuyu-based pasture on sheep production and groundwater recharge in south-western Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02226.

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The effect of Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) belts and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) grass on livestock production and groundwater recharge was studied in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm/year) of south-western Western Australia from 1998 to 2001. The objective was to identify optimum combinations of tree belts and pasture for sustainable livestock production and the prevention of secondary salinisation. Treatments were annual pasture, in competition with trees at different orientations (east, west and south), kikuyu pasture in competition with trees at one orientation (west), c

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Young, J. M., A. N. Thompson, M. Curnow, and C. M. Oldham. "Whole-farm profit and the optimum maternal liveweight profile of Merino ewe flocks lambing in winter and spring are influenced by the effects of ewe nutrition on the progeny's survival and lifetime wool production." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10078.

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Profitability of sheep production systems in southern Australia is optimised at a stocking rate that provides adequate nutrition for breeding ewes and enables efficient utilisation of grown pasture and supplements. In this paper we used bio-economic modelling to develop optimum liveweight1 profiles for spring-lambing Merino ewes in different environments. The modelling included the impacts of the ewe liveweight profile on the production of the ewe and the survival and lifetime wool production of her progeny. Fifteen ewe liveweight profiles were analysed for each region to determine the profita

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Brown, TH, GE Ford, DW Miller, and I. Beveridge. "Effect of anthelmintic dosing and stocking rate on the productivity of weaner sheep in a Mediterranean climate environment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 6 (1985): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850845.

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The effects of nematodiasis on productivity in weaner sheep was measured at Kybybolite Research Centre, South Australia, during 1976-81. Three levels of control were compared at two stocking rates (7.5 ha-1 and 16 ha-1). One group was not treated with anthelmintics, another group was treated every 3 weeks and the third group (Planned) was given five doses of anthelmintics each year: once in October, twice during the hot dry summer and twice during the winter months. The sheep were replaced by weaner sheep at shearing in October each year. The drenching regime of sheep on a particular paddock w

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McGregor, B. A., and W. D. English. "Gross margins in Australian mohair enterprises and relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09224.

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In the absence of financial information on Australian mohair enterprises we aimed to determine the gross margins (per dry sheep equivalent, DSE) and their relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality in Australian mohair enterprises. Using established Victorian Farm and Sheep Monitor Project protocols we collected data for the financial years 2004–05, 2005–06 and 2006–07 from farmers in south-eastern Australia and made comparisons with data from wool enterprises of similar farm area. Over 3 years the financial returns from mohair exceeded that from wool in terms of $/DSE ($2

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Cottle, D., C. A. Gaden, J. Hoad, D. Lance, J. Smith, and J. M. Scott. "The effects of pasture inputs and intensive rotational grazing on superfine wool production, quality and income." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12289.

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A farmlet experiment was conducted between July 2000 and December 2006 as part of the Cicerone Project, which sought to enhance the profitability and sustainability of grazing enterprises on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. A self-replacing Merino enterprise was grazed as the dominant livestock enterprise, together with ~20% of the carrying capacity as cattle, on each of three farmlet treatments: higher levels of soil fertility and pasture renovation with flexible rotational grazing over eight paddocks (farmlet A), moderate soil fertility and pasture renovation with flexi

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Young, J., P. T. Doyle, and P. Booth. "Strip grazing to control wool growth rate of sheep grazing green annual pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 3 (1999): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98143.

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We compared strip grazing (SG) as a means of controlling wool growth rate, reducing variation in fibre diameter along the staple, and of carrying more Merino sheep through winter on green annual pastures, with set stocking (SS) in 3 experiments. In experiments 1 and 2, SG involved grazing to a residual feed on offer (FOO) of 400 kg DM/ha with an estimated intake of about 0.8 kg DM/day for each sheep. Treatments commenced after pasture establishment in autumn–winter, with both treatments stocked at 20 wethers/ha until late spring. During spring, average liveweight changes were lower (P<0.01)

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Franklin-McEvoy, J., W. D. Bellotti, and D. K. Revell. "Supplementary feeding with grain improves the performance of sheep grazing saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) in autumn." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06149.

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Merino wethers aged 1.5 years grazed a saltland pasture comprising old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) with an inter-row of senesced grasses and medic for 6 weeks in autumn, in a cereal–livestock zone with a Mediterranean-type environment in South Australia. The experimental treatments were a control (old man saltbush, SB), supplementation with 250 g/sheep.day barley straw (SB + S), supplementation with 250 g/sheep.day barley grain (SB + G) and supplementation with 250 g/sheep.day barley straw + 250 g/sheep.day barley grain (SB + S + G). The sheep in SB + G finished the experimental period

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34

Besier, R. B., and S. C. J. Love. "Anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes in Australia: the need for new approaches." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 12 (2003): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02229.

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Sheep worm infections increasingly threaten the profitability of the Australian sheep industry as the prevalence and severity of anthelmintic resistance continues to rise. Field experiments have demonstrated that the use of drenches that are of reduced efficacy due to resistance can reduce wool production by 10% and significantly reduce sheep sale value. The major factor in benzimidazole (BZ) and levamisole (LV) resistance, and in part macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance in Haemonchus contortus, is considered to be the excessive frequency of treatment. In Ostertagia circumcincta, ML resistance

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35

Edwards, J. E. Hocking, K. J. Copping, and A. N. Thompson. "Managing the nutrition of twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy using Lifetimewool recommendations increases production of twin lambs." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09158.

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The effect on ewe and lamb production by differential management of single- and twin-bearing Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation was examined. The hypothesis that the survival and productivity of single- and twin-born progeny is not affected by differential management of single- and twin-bearing ewes was tested. To test this hypothesis, two ewe flocks were monitored on a commercial property in the south-east of South Australia. The body condition score of one flock of ewes was managed according to Lifetimewool recommendations for southern Australian (Lifetimewool flock; n = 464). Lifeti

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36

Doran-Browne, Natalie, Mark Wootton, Chris Taylor, and Richard Eckard. "Offsets required to reduce the carbon balance of sheep and beef farms through carbon sequestration in trees and soils." Animal Production Science 58, no. 9 (2018): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16438.

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The sustainability of farming is important to ensure that natural resources remain available into the future. Ruminant livestock production generates more greenhouse gas emissions than other types of agricultural production and most livestock mitigation options to date have a modest greenhouse gas reduction potential (<20%). Trees and soils, by comparison, can sequester large amounts of carbon depending on the availability of land. Previous studies on carbon neutral livestock production have shown that farms with a stocking rate of 8 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha can be carbon neutral or c

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37

Rogers, George E., Andrew Miller, and David A. D. Parry. "Robert Donald Bruce Fraser 1924–2019." Historical Records of Australian Science 31, no. 2 (2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19015.

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Robert Donald Bruce (Bruce) Fraser was a biophysicist who gained world-wide distinction for his extensive structural studies of fibrous proteins. Bruce began a part-time BSc degree at Birkbeck College, London, while working as a laboratory assistant. In 1942, aged 18, he interrupted his studies and volunteered for training as a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF). He was sent to the Union of South Africa and was selected for instructor training, specialising in teaching pilot navigation. At the end of the war he completed his BSc at King’s College, London, and followed this with a PhD. Bruce st

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38

Lunney, Daniel. "Causes of the extinction of native mammals of the Western Division of New South Wales: an ecological interpretation of the nineteenth century historical record." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 1 (2001): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01014.

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Twenty-four mammal species – predominantly the medium-sized, ground-dwelling mammals with a dependence on grass/herbs and seeds – disappeared forever from the landscape of the Western Division of New South Wales in a period of 60 years from first settlement in 1841. The present study examines the causes of this extinction episode by constructing a picture of the changing landscape from the historical record and interpreting the findings ecologically. The conclusions point to an extinction process that can be largely attributed to the impact of sheep, an impact that was exacerbated in the scarc

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39

Besier, R. B., R. A. Love, J. Lyon, and A. J. van Burgel. "A targeted selective treatment approach for effective and sustainable sheep worm management: investigations in Western Australia." Animal Production Science 50, no. 12 (2010): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10123.

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The effectiveness of a targeted selective treatment (TST) approach to the management of sheep worms in adult Merino ewes was compared with a normal worm control program on three properties in south-western Western Australia. For a TST strategy, a proportion of a flock is left undrenched when flock treatments are administered. This establishes a population of worms in refugia, isolated from the effects of anthelmintics, which dilutes the population of worms that survive drenching and, hence, minimises the development of anthelmintic resistance. The main worm genera present in this trial were Te

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40

Johnston, W. H., P. S. Cornish, and V. F. Shoemark. "Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison with Medicago sativa L. and Phalaris aquatica L. pastures under rotational grazing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 4 (2005): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03117.

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A grazing experiment conducted in Wagga Wagga (New South Wales) from September 1993 to September 1998 compared the productivity of pastures containing 3 palatable types of summer-active Eragrostis curvula complex, with pastures containing either Medicago sativa or Phalaris aquatica. Issues relating to the management of E. curvula pastures were also investigated. Herbage growth rates of the P. aquatica and M. sativa pastures were highest in winter and spring; E. curvula pastures were most productive in summer and autumn. Stocking rates equivalent to 30–40 dry sheep were carried by the pastures

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41

Chen, W., J. Scott, G. Blair, R. Lefroy, K. Hutchinson, K. King, and C. Harris. "Diet selection and productivity of sheep grazing contrasting pastures." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 5 (2002): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01091.

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A grazing experiment was conducted at the Big Ridge 2 site CSIRO, Chiswick (30˚31′S, 151˚39′E), 20 km south of Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. The site was established in 1955. In March 1966, phalaris and white clover were sown and pastures were fertilised annually with superphosphate until 1993. There were 3 pasture treatments, each with 2 replicates: degraded pasture (low phalaris content), phalaris-dominant, and phalaris–white clover. The effect of pasture type on animal production (liveweight gain and wool) was only significant in 1996, when there were large differences in pasture co

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42

Hill, William G. "Merino Improvement Programs in Australia. Proceedings of a National Symposium, Leura, New South Wales 1987. Supervising editor, B. J. McGuirk. Australian Wool Corporation, Melbourne. 535 pages. ISBN 0 642 115311." Genetical Research 53, no. 1 (February 1989): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300027890.

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43

Godfrey, Sosheel S., Thomas Nordblom, Ryan H. L. Ip, Susan Robertson, Timothy Hutchings, and Karl Behrendt. "Drought Shocks and Gearing Impacts on the Profitability of Sheep Farming." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040366.

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The resilience and profitability of livestock production in many countries can be impacted by shocks, such as drought and market shifts, especially under high debt levels. For farmers to remain profitable through such uncertainty, there is a need to understand and predict a farming business’s ability to withstand and recover from such shocks. This research demonstrates the use of biophysical modelling linked with copula and Monte Carlo simulation techniques to predict the risks faced by a typical wool and meat lamb enterprise in South-Eastern Australia, given the financial impacts of different

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44

Johnston, W. H., P. S. Cornish, T. B. Koen, and V. F. Shoemark. "Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa L. cv. Nova under intensive rotational management." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04080.

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The productivity, carrying capacity and liveweight performance of wether sheep grazing pastures of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa cv. Nova, which were also sown with annual grasses and Trifolium subterraneum, were compared under an intensive 4-paddock rotational grazing regime in a ‘put-and-take’ grazing experiment at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales from November 1993 to August 1996. The productivity of the pastures was broadly similar, with production peaks of >1000 kg/ha in winter and >3000 kg/ha in spring and summer in paddocks that had been spelled for 6 weeks. Althou

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45

McGrath, S. R., R. Behrendt, M. A. Friend, and A. D. Moore. "Utilising dual-purpose crops effectively to increase profit and manage risk in meat production systems." Animal Production Science 61, no. 11 (2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20495.

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Dual-purpose cropping (sowing crops with the intention of both grazing them during vegetative growth and harvesting grain thereafter) has become a widespread farming practice in southern Australia. This synopsis paper integrates research from a multi-institutional research project conducted at three nodes located near Hamilton (south-western Victoria), Wagga Wagga (southern NSW) and Canberra (ACT), and sets out 11 principles for the effective utilisation of dual-purpose crops in meat production systems to increase profit and manage risk. Dual-purpose crops can be used to overcome feed quality

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46

Wiedemann, S. G., M. J. Yan, and C. M. Murphy. "Resource use and environmental impacts from Australian export lamb production: a life cycle assessment." Animal Production Science 56, no. 7 (2016): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14647.

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This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) investigating energy, land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fresh water consumption and stress-weighted water use from production of export lamb in the major production regions of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The study used data from regional datasets and case study farms, and applied new methods for assessing water use using detailed farm water balances and water stress weighting. Land occupation was assessed with reference to the proportion of arable and non-arable land and allocation of liveweight (LW) and greas

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47

Trompf, J. P., P. W. G. Sale, G. Saul, J. Shovelton, and B. Graetz. "Changes in practices and decisions resulting from the paired-paddock model used in the Grassland’s Productivity Program." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 8 (1998): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98058.

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Summary. A detailed survey was undertaken in the spring of 1995 with 20 wool producers in south-west Victoria and the south-east of South Australia to determine the impact of their participation for 18 months in a program called the Grassland’s Productivity Program. This program involved groups of producers establishing paired-paddock comparisons on their own farms with guidance from an experienced facilitator. Productive pasture practices (increased fertiliser rates, responsive pasture species and high stocking rates) were used in one paddock, while the remaining paddock was managed with exis

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48

Levot, G. W. "Effective remediation of diazinon from spent sheep dip wash by disposal on land." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05361.

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Spent sheep dip wash (about 3500 L) containing 59 mg diazinon/L was evenly distributed onto a 450-m2 grassed, soil-bunded, sloping site near Cumnock in central New South Wales, Australia. The entire volume was contained within the bunded area but surface run-off created ponding in the lowest corner of the site. The mean concentration within the top 7 cm of soil was 2.32 mg/kg a day after application. By day 14, this had dropped to 0.4 mg/kg and by day 56, was below the limit of quantification (0.1 mg/kg). The half-life of diazinon in soil was estimated to be 7 days. Residues in the next 7 cm o

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49

Badgery, W. B., G. D. Millar, D. L. Michalk, P. Cranney, and K. Broadfoot. "The intensity of grazing management influences lamb production from native grassland." Animal Production Science 57, no. 9 (2017): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15866.

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The intensity of grazing management required for optimal pasture and animal production from heterogeneous native grasslands has received little research in the high-rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. The aim of this experiment was to determine how the intensity of grazing management, from continuous grazing (P01) to flexible 4- and 20-paddock rotational systems (P04 and P20), influenced the productivity and sustainability of a Merino ewe, terminal sire lamb production system run on a native grassland dominated by Microlaena stipoides and Rytidosperma spp. The present paper focuses on th

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50

Scott, J. M., K. Behrendt, A. Colvin, F. Scott, L. M. Shakhane, C. Guppy, J. Hoad, et al. "Integrated overview of results from a farmlet experiment which compared the effects of pasture inputs and grazing management on profitability and sustainability." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12284.

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The Cicerone Project conducted a grazed farmlet experiment on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, from July 2000 to December 2006, to address questions raised by local graziers concerning how they might improve the profitability and sustainability of their grazing enterprises. This unreplicated experiment examined three management systems at a whole-farmlet scale. The control farmlet (farmlet B) represented typical management for the region, with flexible rotational grazing and moderate inputs. A second farmlet (farmlet A) also used flexible rotational grazing but had a high

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