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1

Roh, Yongrae. "Design and Fabrication of a 2D Array Ultrasonic Transducer." JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 32, no. 5 (2013): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.7776/ask.2013.32.5.393.

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2

Lu, Jian-Yu, and Jiqi Cheng. "Field Computation for Two-Dimensional Array Transducers with Limited Diffraction Array Beams." Ultrasonic Imaging 27, no. 4 (2005): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460502700403.

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A method is developed for calculating fields produced with a two-dimensional (2D) array transducer. This method decomposes an arbitrary 2D aperture weighting function into a set of limited diffraction array beams. Using the analytical expressions of limited diffraction beams, arbitrary continuous wave (cw) or pulse wave (pw) fields of 2D arrays can be obtained with a simple superposition of these beams. In addition, this method can be simplified and applied to a 1D array transducer of a finite or infinite elevation height. For beams produced with axially symmetric aperture weighting functions,
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3

Dong, Zhijie, Shuangliang Li, Chengwu Huang, et al. "Real-time 3D ultrasound imaging with a clip-on device attached to common 1D array transducers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026955.

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Performing 3D ultrasound imaging at a real-time volume rate (e.g., >20 Hz) is a challenging task. While 2D array transducers remain the most practical approach for real-time 3D imaging, the large number of transducer elements (e.g., several thousand) that are necessary to cover an effective 3D field-of-view impose a fundamental constraint on imaging speed. Although solutions such as multiplexing and specialized transducers, including sparse arrays and row-column-addressing arrays, have been developed to address this limitation, they inevitably compromise imaging quality (e.g., SNR, reso
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Li, Xiaotong, Anthony Gachagan, and Paul Murray. "Design of 2D Sparse Array Transducers for Anomaly Detection in Medical Phantoms." Sensors 20, no. 18 (2020): 5370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185370.

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Aperiodic sparse 2D ultrasonic array configurations, including random array, log spiral array, and sunflower array, have been considered for their potential as conformable transducers able to image within a focal range of 30–80 mm, at an operating frequency of 2 MHz. Optimisation of the imaging performance of potential array patterns has been undertaken based on their simulated far field directivity functions. Two evaluation criteria, peak sidelobe level (PSL) and integrated sidelobe ratio (ISLR), are used to access the performance of each array configuration. Subsequently, a log spiral array
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5

Light, Edward D., Salim F. Idriss, Kathryn F. Sullivan, Patrick D. Wolf, and Stephen W. Smith. "Real-Time 3D Laparoscopic Ultrasonography." Ultrasonic Imaging 27, no. 3 (2005): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460502700301.

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We have previously described 2D array ultrasound transducers operating up to 10 MHz for applications including real time 3D transthoracic imaging, real time volumetric intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), real time 3D intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging, and real time 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We have recently built a pair of 2D array transducers for real time 3D laparoscopic ultrasonography (3D LUS). These transducers are intended to be placed down a trocar during minimally invasive surgery. The first is a forward viewing 5 MHz, 11 times 19 array with 198 operating elemen
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6

Wang, Xu-Bo, Le-Ming He, You-Cao Ma, et al. "Development of Broadband High-Frequency Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Array." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051823.

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Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUT) are promising elements to fabricate a two-dimensional (2D) array with a pitch small enough (approximately half wavelength) to form and receive arbitrary acoustic beams for medical imaging. However, PMUT arrays have so far failed to combine the wide, high-frequency bandwidth needed to achieve a high axial resolution. In this paper, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backing structure is introduced into the PMUTs to improve the device bandwidth while keeping a sub-wavelength (λ) pitch. We implement this backing on a 16 × 8 array with 75 µm pit
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Choi, Jae Hoon, and Kwan Kyu Park. "2D Sparse Array Transducer Optimization for 3D Ultrasound Imaging." Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing 34, no. 6 (2014): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7779/jksnt.2014.34.6.441.

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8

Bybi, Abdelmajid, Driss Khouili, Christian Granger, Mohammed Garoum, Ahmed Mzerd, and Anne-Christine Hladky-Hennion. "Experimental Characterization of A Piezoelectric Transducer Array Taking into Account Crosstalk Phenomenon." International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation 10, no. 1 (2020): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2020.4348.

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Ultrasonic transducer arrays are generally composed of several piezoelectric elements arranged in 1D or 2D ways. Crosstalk is an undesirable phenomenon decreasing the performance of these devices. It generates parasitic displacements at the elements' radiating surfaces, which changes the directivity of the array. Furthermore, the transducer's displacement plays a critical role in terms of the focal area and transferred intensities. The objective of this paper is to characterize a piezoelectric array composed of seven-elements made of PZ 27 ceramic experimentally. It investigates the effects of
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9

Hua, Shao Yan, Yu Chi Ming, and Ming Yue Ding. "Computer Simulation for Medical Ultrasound C-Mode Imaging Based on 2d Array." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.719.

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C-mode imaging is one of the ultrasound imaging modalities. Compared with other modalities, e.g. A-mode, B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler, C-mode is mainly developed and used in industry testing. The potential of C-mode imaging for medical application has not been fully explored. In this paper, we design one 2-d plane array transducer through using the point spread function (PSF), and apply the 2d array transducer for C-mode imaging. The simulation results show that the generated C-mode images can display the anatomic structure and the pathological changes on the biological tissue.
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10

Joshi, Sanjog Vilas, Sina Sadeghpour, and Michael Kraft. "Polyimide-On-Silicon 2D Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (PMUT) Array." Sensors 23, no. 10 (2023): 4826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104826.

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This paper presents a fully addressable 8 × 8 two-dimensional (2D) rigid piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array. The PMUTs were fabricated on a standard silicon wafer, resulting in a low-cost solution for ultrasound imaging. A polyimide layer is used as the passive layer in the PMUT membranes on top of the active piezoelectric layer. The PMUT membranes are realized by backside deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) with an oxide etch stop. The polyimide passive layer enables high resonance frequencies that can be easily tuned by controlling the thickness of the polyimide. The
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11

Light, Edward D., Victor Lieu, and Stephen W. Smith. "New Fabrication Techniques for Ring-Array Transducers for Real-Time 3D Intravascular Ultrasound." Ultrasonic Imaging 31, no. 4 (2009): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460903100403.

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We have previously described miniature 2D array transducers integrated into a Cook Medical, Inc. vena cava filter deployment device. While functional, the fabrication technique was very labor intensive and did not lend itself well to efficient fabrication of large numbers of devices. We developed two new fabrication methods that we believe can be used to efficiently manufacture these types of devices in greater than prototype numbers. One transducer consisted of 55 elements operating near 5 MHz. The interelement spacing is 0.20 mm. It was constructed on a flat piece of copper-clad polyimide an
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12

Wei, Bo, Chuanlin He, Siyu Xing, and Yi Zheng. "Accelerated Deconvolved Imaging Algorithm for 2D Multibeam Synthetic Aperture Sonar." Sensors 22, no. 16 (2022): 6016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166016.

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High-accuracy level underwater acoustical surveying plays an important role in ocean engineering applications, such as subaqueous tunnel construction, oil and gas exploration, and resources prospecting. This novel imaging method is eager to break through the existing theory to achieve a higher accuracy level of surveying. Multibeam Synthetic Aperture Sonar (MBSAS) is a kind of underwater acoustical imaging theory that can achieve 3D high-resolution detecting and overcome the disadvantages of traditional imaging methods, such as Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES) and Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS).
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13

Ahn, Bong Young, Ki Bok Kim, Hae Won Park, Young Joo Kim, and Yong Seok Kwak. "Design and Characterization of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.132.

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As cMUTs (capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer) offer numerous advantages over traditional transducers in terms of efficiency, bandwidth, and cost, they are expected to replace piezoelectric transducers in many applications. In particular, 2D-array cMUTs have aroused great interest in the medical engineering society because of their ability to materialize a true volumetric ultrasonic image. In this study, single element cMUTs with 32 x 32 and 64 x 64 cells were successfully fabricated. The diameter and thickness of the membrane are 35 and 1000 nm, respectively, with a sacrificial lay
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14

Zehnter, Sebastian, Marco A. B. Andrade, and Christoph Ament. "Acoustic levitation of a Mie sphere using a 2D transducer array." Journal of Applied Physics 129, no. 13 (2021): 134901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0037344.

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15

Robinson, Andrew L. "2D ultrasonic transducer array for two dimensional and three dimensional imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 2 (2003): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1560305.

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16

Carrion, Alexis, Ibrahima Touré, Tamara Krpic, Maxime Bilodeau, Patrice Masson, and Nicolas Quaegebeur. "Separate emission/reception transducers for 3D ultrafast ultrasound imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027084.

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Recent advancements in ultrafast 3D ultrasound imaging have revolutionized the field of echography, enabling its extension to novel applications such as cerebral dynamics, cardiac electrophysiology and the quantitative imaging of intrinsic mechanical properties of tumors. To facilitate these advancements, two primary transducer strategies are employed in 3D imaging. The first involves dense 2D probes equipped with a large number of elements, typically exceeding 1024. The second strategy uses row-column addressing, which simplifies the electronic control of the probe elements. Despite their eff
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17

Mihalache, Ovidiu, and Toshihiko Yamaguchi. "Fast reconstruction of the magnetization of a Halbach magnet in EMAT using experimental measurements." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (2020): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209404.

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The paper presents a fast and accurate algorithm to reconstruct the magnetization model of parallelepiped magnet (parts of a Halbach magnet array) or the Halbach magnet array used in an electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) transducer. The model accuracy is validated against measurements of the magnetic flux distributions above surface of block magnets or Halbach magnet array using 2D/3D theoretical formula to compute magnetic flux distribution, validated by 2D/3D FEM simulations, and based on a non-uniform distribution of reconstructed magnetization model (using only main magnetization component).
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18

Lee, Chang Hoon, Beom Hoon Park, Young Hun Kim, Hyeong Geun Jo, and Kwan Kyu Park. "Particle Manipulation in 2D Space Using a Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (2022): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040534.

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Ultrasonic particle manipulation is a noncontact method for controlling microscale objects, such as cells or microparticles, using an acoustic field. In this study, a 2D array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), placed horizontally in immersion, generated ultrasonic waves in the vertical direction, and the oil’s surface increased due to the radiation force of the ultrasonic waves. In addition, the radiation force directly exerted a force on a floating particle. By measuring the movement of the reflected laser light by the moving oil surface, the height of the oil’s surf
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19

Wang, Hongliang, Xiangjun Wang, Changde He, and Chenyang Xue. "Directivity Theory and Analysis of 2D Capacitive Micro-Machined Ultrasonic Transducer Array." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 12, no. 8 (2017): 786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2017.2141.

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20

Han, Jun Sae, Chang Woo Gal, Jae Man Park, et al. "Powder injection molding process for fabrication of piezoelectric 2D array ultrasound transducer." Smart Materials and Structures 27, no. 7 (2018): 075058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aab27c.

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21

Yin, Jiawei, Zhixin Zhou, and Liang Lou. "A Novel Nondestructive Testing Probe Using AlN-Based Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (PMUTs)." Micromachines 15, no. 3 (2024): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15030306.

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Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) usually utilizes conventional bulk piezoelectric transducers as transceivers. However, the complicated preparation and assembly process of bulk piezoelectric ceramics limits the development of NDT probes toward miniaturization and high frequency. In this paper, a 4.4 mm × 4.4 mm aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array is designed, fabricated, characterized, and packaged for ultrasonic pulse–echo NDT of solids for the first time. The PMUT array is prepared based on the cavity silicon-on-insulator (CSOI) proces
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22

Trots, Ihor. "Mutually Orthogonal Golay Complementary Sequences in Synthetic Aperture Imaging Systems." Archives of Acoustics 40, no. 2 (2015): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2015-0031.

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Abstract The main objective of this study is to improve the ultrasound image by employing a new algorithm based on transducer array element beam pattern correction implemented in the synthetic transmit aperture (STA) method combined with emission of mutually orthogonal complementary Golay sequences. Orthogonal Golay sequences can be transmitted and received by different transducer elements simultaneously, thereby decreasing the time of image reconstruction, which plays an important role in medical diagnostic imaging. The paper presents the preliminary results of computer simulation of the synt
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23

Pua, E. C., J. T. Yen, and S. W. Smith. "Real-Time Cylindrical Curvilinear 3-D Ultrasound Imaging." Ultrasonic Imaging 25, no. 3 (2003): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460302500302.

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In patients who are obese or exhibit signs of pulmonary disease, standard transthoracic scanning may yield poor quality cardiac images. For these conditions, two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is established as an essential diagnostic tool. Current techniques in transesophageal scanning, though, are limited by incomplete visualization of cardiac structures in close proximity to the transducer. Thus, we propose a 2D curvilinear array for 3D transesophageal echocardiography in order to widen the field of view and increase visualization close to the transducer face. In this pr
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24

Præsius, Sebastian K., Lasse T. Jørgensen, and Jørgen A. Jensen. "Volumetric beamforming in real-time using commodity hardware." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027081.

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Ultrasound imaging is widely used in medicine for its safety and affordability. However, it demands large transducer arrays because the image resolution is proportional to the number of elements, N, typically around 128 for 2D imaging. Three-dimensional imaging requires N2 audio channels (≈350 GB/s of data) if the equivalent 2D matrix array is used, which is practically impossible to process. To solve this issue, row-column arrays (RCAs) aggregate rows and columns of elements, reducing data rate and processing demands by a factor of N. A novel dual-stage beamforming algorithm further lowers th
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Mozaffarzadeh, Moein, Mehdi Soozande, Fabian Fool, et al. "Receive/Transmit Aperture Selection for 3D Ultrasound Imaging with a 2D Matrix Transducer." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155300.

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Recently, we realized a prototype matrix transducer consisting of 48 rows of 80 elements on top of a tiled set of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) implementing a row-level control connecting one transmit/receive channel to an arbitrary subset of elements per row. A fully sampled array data acquisition is implemented by a column-by-column (CBC) imaging scheme (80 transmit-receive shots) which achieves 250 volumes/second (V/s) at a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz. However, for several clinical applications such as carotid pulse wave imaging (CPWI), a volume rate of 1000 per
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26

Wang, Zihao, Shangchun Fan, Chujian Ren, et al. "Enhancing Image Contrast in Breast USCT Reflection Imaging Using Coherence Factor Beamforming." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (2024): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012020.

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Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and early screening is essential. Existing breast ultrasound is affordable and convenient, but its 2D image quality is poor, and it heavily relies on the doctor’s skills. The novel breast ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) can use a ring array probe to implement hundreds of single transducer emission for full-view focusing synthetic aperture reflection imaging, thereby obtaining high-resolution 3D images. However, single transducer emission results in low acoustic intensity, which further leads to low signal-to-noise ratio and low
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27

Hoskins, P. R. "Ultrasound techniques for measurement of blood flow and tissue motion." Biorheology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Biorheology 39, no. 3-4 (2002): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0006355x2002039003004024.

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This article will review the ability of ultrasound techniques to provide 3D information on arterial geometry, blood flow and tissue motion. 3D systems. 3D datasets can be obtained by sequential acquisition of 2D slices. Ideally a transducer is required in which there is full control of beam steering within a 3D volume. This requires a 2D array consisting of several thousand elements. Prototype 2D arrays have been built which provide several 3D datasets per second. Blood velocity measurement. Current Doppler systems estimate only the component of velocity in the direction of the Doppler beam. L
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Nicolas, Barbara, François Varray, Jean-Christophe Bera, Audrey sivadon, and Bruno Gilles. "Experimental demonstration of 3D passive cavitation imaging using adaptive beamforming." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018810.

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Interest in passive cavitation imaging has increased in recent years with the development of cavitation-based treatments. Using cross-spectral matrix formalism, adaptive beamformers, such as Capon beamforming, MUSIC, and p-DAS, have been adapted to 2D passive cavitation imaging (PAM) (Polichetti et al., 2020). More recently, we adapted this formalism in 3D to enhance the resolution of PAM using a commercial imaging array. Three beamformers have been extended in both 3D and the Frequency Domain: the DAS beamformer, the Robust Capon Beamformer (RCB) and the MidWay (MW) beamformer. A random spars
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Marhenke, Torben, Sergio Sanabria, Bhaskara Chintada, Roman Furrer, Jürg Neuenschwander, and Orcun Goksel. "Acoustic Field Characterization of Medical Array Transducers Based on Unfocused Transmits and Single-Plane Hydrophone Measurements." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040863.

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Medical ultrasonic arrays are typically characterized in controlled water baths using measurements by a hydrophone, which can be translated with a positioning stage. Characterization of 3D acoustic fields conventionally requires measurements at each spatial location, which is tedious and time-consuming, and may be prohibitive given limitations of experimental setup (e.g., the bath and stage) and measurement equipment (i.e., the hydrophone). Moreover, with the development of new ultrasound sequences and modalities, multiple measurements are often required to characterize each imaging mode to en
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Wong, Voon-Kean, Yue Hu, Zi Wen Tham, et al. "Measurement of Elastic Constant Matrix of Carbon Fiber Composites With an Ultrasonic 2D-Array Transducer." IEEE Sensors Journal 22, no. 6 (2022): 5562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3149241.

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Wang, Ziping, Xingjia Li, Fuh-Gwo Yuan, and Zhujie Bao. "Research on the Actuation Performance of 2D-Orthotropic Piezoelectric Composite Materials Linear Phased Array Transducer." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 8 (2019): 5205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16814.

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Kim, Ji-Yun, and Je-Heon Han. "Optimal Transducer Placement for Deep Learning-Based Non-Destructive Evaluation." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031349.

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In this study, the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) algorithm is applied for non-destructive evaluation of aluminum panels. A method of classifying the locations of defects is proposed by exciting an aluminum panel to generate ultrasonic Lamb waves, measuring data with a sensor array, and then deep learning the characteristics of 2D imaged, reflected waves from defects. For the purpose of a better performance, the optimal excitation location and sensor locations are investigated. To ensure the robustness of the training model and extract the feature effectively, experimental data are collected
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Talic, Almir, Samir Cerimovic, Roman Beigelbeck, Franz Kohl, Thilo Sauter, and Franz Keplinger. "FEM-Analysis of 2D Micromachined Flow Transduers based on aGe-Thermistor Arrays and a Double Bridge Readout." Sensors 19, no. 16 (2019): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163561.

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This paper reports on a design and simulation study aiming at high-accuracy 2D micromachined thermal flow transducers. The scope is restricted to micromachined devices featuring a square-shaped membrane incorporating central symmetric thin-film devices. A microthermistor array probed spatial excess temperature variations while the main heat supply was alternatively established by optional heating resistors or by pronounced self-heating of the thermistor devices. Proper device designs enable leading edge transducer performance without sophisticated signal conditioning schemes. We found that a h
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Danilov, V. N. "Operation of a model of a transducer with a 2D-phased array in the transmission mode." Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing 47, no. 7 (2011): 452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061830911070047.

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Tutschek, Boris, Patricia Robertson, Solange Wyatt, Christine Sahn, Ling Hui, and David Sahn. "Fetal cardiac ventricular volumes derived from real-time 3D ultrasound using a 2D matrix array transducer." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195, no. 6 (2006): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.248.

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Li, Jian. "On Circumferential Disposition of Pipe Defects by Long-Range Ultrasonic Guided Waves." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 4 (2005): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2083867.

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Ultrasonic guided waves have been used extensively for long-range pipe inspections. The technique is based on detecting the guided wave echoes reflected from pipe defects located at a remote distance. The axial location of the defect from the transducer can be determined by the arrival time of the echo. However, further information about the defect, such as the circumferential size or distribution of the defect, is hard to obtain with conventional guided waves. This problem will be a critical issue for applications, such as discriminating the pipe corrosion defects from pipe welds. In this pap
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Mizota, Hirohisa, Yuui Amano, and Kazuyuki Nakahata. "Application of the Reverse Time Migration Method to Ultrasonic Nondestructive Imaging for Anisotropic Materials." Materials Evaluation 80, no. 8 (2022): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04244.

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In this study, we applied the reverse time migration (RTM) method to ultrasonic defect imaging in anisotropic materials. RTM offered that the defect shape could be uniquely determined by calculating a cross correlation of the incident and the reverse propagated waves from the array transducer. 2D simulations demonstrated that defect imaging by the RTM method requires an accurate numerical setup. We validated our technique using measured scattered waves from a slit in unidirectional solidified 316L stainless steel. By using the elastic constants determined from the ultrasonic wavefield data, th
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Wei, Bo, Haisen Li, Tian Zhou, and Siyu Xing. "Obtaining 3D High-Resolution Underwater Acoustic Images by Synthesizing Virtual Aperture on the 2D Transducer Array of Multibeam Echo Sounder." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (2019): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222615.

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In recent decades, imaging sonar has been the most widely employed remote sensing instruments in the field of underwater detection. The multibeam echo sounder (MBES) plays an important role in obtaining high-accuracy seabed topography. However, the resolution of the MBES substantially decreases with the increasing distance. Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) achieves constant resolution on the along-track, improving the fineness of the image. However, conventional side-scan SAS usually only achieves 2D images, and gaps always exist. In this modeling and experimental research paper, we propose a no
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Lu, Jian-yu. "A phase-shifting method for computation reduction for high-frame-rate imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016153.

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High-frame rate (HFR) imaging using steered plane wave (SPW) or limited-diffraction beam has a high-temporal resolution and thus has found many applications. To further study the HFR imaging methods, computer simulations were performed. However, the simulations require a large number of computations, especially for 3D imaging with 2D array transducers for a large imaging volume. In this paper, a phase-shifting method was developed to reduce the number of computations. In the method, the grid points of the transmit and receive beams were calculated at 1-mm interval in the depth direction that i
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Bureau, Flavien, Louise Denis, Antoine Coudert, et al. "Three-dimensional ultrasound matrix imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 4_Supplement (2024): A71. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035153.

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Matrix imaging paves the way towards a next revolution in wave physics. Based on the response matrix recorded between a set of sensors, it enables an optimized compensation of aberration phenomena and multiple scattering events that usually drastically hinder the focusing process in heterogeneous media. Although it gave rise to spectacular results in optical microscopy or seismic imaging, the success of matrix imaging has been so far relatively limited with ultrasonic waves because wave control is generally only performed with a linear array of transducers [1]. In this talk, we will extend ult
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Um, Ji-Yong. "Ultrasound Transceiver Beamformer and Delay-control Scheme for a Finger Vein-pattern Sensor based on a 2D Transducer Array." IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing 7, no. 6 (2018): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieiespc.2018.7.6.448.

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Wang, X., Z. Xie, F. Padilla, G. LeCarpentier, and P. Carson. "TU-C-220-06: Photoacoustic Imaging of Deep Targets in the Breast Using a Multi-Channel 2D Array Transducer." Medical Physics 38, no. 6Part29 (2011): 3764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3613166.

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Kim, Hyun Cheol, Sang Won Kim, and Dal Mo Yang. "2083788 What Are The Benefits of The Matrix Array Transducer in 2D And 3D Ultrasonographic Imaging of The Abdomen?" Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 41, no. 4 (2015): S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.515.

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HOSAKA, Naoto, Shinya MIYAZAWA, Ren KODA, Takashi MOCHIZUKI, Shinya ONOGI, and Kohji MASUDA. "2B23 Design and production of 3D acoustic field with time variation for active control of microbubbles using 2D array transducer." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2014.26 (2014): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2014.26.305.

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Badalov, V. I., M. I. Spitsyn, K. E. Korostelev, R. V. Yarmoshuk, and A. A. Rodionova. "Neuronavigation Assistance. Decreased radiation exposure during spinal surgery in patients with severe combined trauma." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 2 (2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50047.

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Absnract. The results of the study of intraoperative x-ray irradiation of the affected two arrays are presented: the main array using neuronavigation and the control group, where standard 2D fluoroscopy was used. The radiation load on the operating surgeon and auxiliary operating personnel was also evaluated. Intraoperative visualization was carried out using the second-generation iNtellect ENT Navigation rack of the Stryker company (United States of America) for the victims of the main array and the Ziehm Vision RFD optical-optical converter (Germany) of the company for the victims of the con
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Xavierselvan, Marvin, Mithun Kuniyil Ajith Singh, and Srivalleesha Mallidi. "In Vivo Tumor Vascular Imaging with Light Emitting Diode-Based Photoacoustic Imaging System." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164503.

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Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has shown tremendous promise for imaging tumor vasculature and its function at deeper penetration depths without the use of exogenous contrast agents. Traditional PA imaging systems employ expensive and bulky class IV lasers with low pulse repetition rate, due to which its availability for preclinical cancer research is hampered. In this study, we evaluated the capability of a Light-Emitting Diode (LED)-based PA and ultrasound (US) imaging system for monitoring heterogeneous microvasculature in tumors (up to 10 mm in depth) and quantitatively compared the PA images w
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Lee, Seung-Eun, Jinhyun Park, Yun-Taek Yeom, Hak-Joon Kim, and Sung-Jin Song. "Sizing-Based Flaw Acceptability in Weldments Using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing and Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 3204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053204.

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Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is one of the major renewable energy sources and is stored and carried in a storage tank that is designed following international standards. Since LNG becomes highly unstable when it encounters oxygen in the air, a leakage from an LNG storage tank can cause a catastrophic industrial accident. Thus, the inspection of LNG storage tanks is one of the priorities to be completed before LNG is stored in a storage tank. Recently, the usage of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) has been gradually increasing as the risks of RT emerge. PAUT has some obstacles to overcome
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Daschner, Rosa, Holger Hewener, Wolfgang Bost, Steffen Weber, Steffen Tretbar, and Marc Fournelle. "Ultrasound Thermometry for HIFU-Therapy." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (2021): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2141.

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Abstract High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an alternative tumour therapy with the ability for non-invasive thermal ablation of tissue. For a safe application, the heat deposition needs to be monitored over time, which is currently done with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Ultrasound (US) based monitoring is a promising alternative, as it is less expensive and allows the use of a single device for both therapy and monitoring. In this work, a method for spatial and temporal US thermometry has been investigated based on simulation studies and in-vitro measurements. The chosen approach is ba
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Chen, Xin, Houjin Chen, Yahui Peng, and Dan Tao. "Probe Sector Matching for Freehand 3D Ultrasound Reconstruction." Sensors 20, no. 11 (2020): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113146.

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A 3D ultrasound image reconstruction technique, named probe sector matching (PSM), is proposed in this paper for a freehand linear array ultrasound probe equipped with multiple sensors, providing the position and attitude of the transducer and the pressure between the transducer and the target surface. The proposed PSM method includes three main steps. First, the imaging target and the working range of the probe are set to be the center and the radius of the imaging field of view, respectively. To reconstruct a 3D volume, the positions of all necessary probe sectors are pre-calculated inversel
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Szegedi, István, Dániel András Szabó, Miklós Emri, et al. "Comparison of pre-mortem 2D-3D ultrasound examination to post-mortem micro-CT of carotid arteries – first experiences." Ideggyógyászati szemle 77, no. 1-2 (2024): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.77.0013.

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Background and purpose – A prerequisite for the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis is the accurate measurement of the stenosis, that is most commonly evaluated by duplex ultrasonography. In this study, we aimed to verify the reliability of 2D and 3D ultrasonography, comparing the data to results of postmortem micro-CT examination. Methods – Neurological patients with any life-threatening, presumably fatal neurological disease were enrolled. Ultrasound examinations were performed with a Philips Epiq 5G machine, using a VL13-5 broadband linear volume array transducer. Plaque length, diameter a
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