Thèses sur le sujet « Acier martensitique »
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Klosak, Maciej Klepaczko Janusz Lodygowski Tomasz. « Simulations numériques de la localisation plastique dans les aciers martensitiques charges par impact ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Maciek.Klosak.SMZ9918.pdfhttp.
Texte intégralHugues, Jonathan. « Vieillissement thermomécanique d'un acier inoxydable martensitique à durcissement structural ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0068/document.
Texte intégralPrecipitation hardened martensitic stainless steels are constitutive of aircraft pylons. During there lifetime , these parts are subjected to mechanical loading and work in temperature. This last induces embrittlement of the steels, because of the miscibility gap in the Fe-Cr phase diagram. Two mechanisms are possible to lead to the demixing of the matrix, either precipitation of α', a chromium rich phase, or spinodal decomposition mechanism. This phenomena is the topic of the project PREVISIA, funded by the ANR, this work is part of. Long term agings have been performed on 15 5 PH stainless steel up to 15 000 hours in order to study the aging kinetic and its effect on the mechanical properties in tensile, resilience and toughness. An embrittlement of the alloy is observed. Furthermore, microstructural analyses have been conducted and lead to the definition of different stages of long term aging corresponding to spinodal decomposition and complementary precipitation of hardening phase. Hardness tests is a usefull tool in order to follow the aging and to detect the different stages of aging. The effect of a stress applied during the long term aging has been studied. A tensile stress seems to have an influence on the complementary precipitation of the hardening phase and to increase the rate of hardening. A multi-scale analysise is proposed in order to explain all these results
Couvreur-Bigeon, Catherine. « Mécanismes de plasticité cyclique d'aciers inoxydables martensitiques 12% Cr alliés à l'azote ». Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10015.
Texte intégralMangin, Marlène. « Etude de la corrosion par piqûres de quelques aciers inoxydables martensitiques en solution chlorurée ». Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2014.
Texte intégralDeltort, Bruno. « Étude expérimentale et numérique du cisaillement adiabatique dans un acier martensitique ». Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0465.
Texte intégralGiroux, Pierre-François. « Experimental study and simulation of cyclic softening of tempered martensite ferritic steels ». Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0087.
Texte intégralThe present work focuses on the high temperature mechanical behaviour of 9%Cr tempered martensite steels, considered as potential candidates for structural components in future Generation IV nuclear power plants. Already used for energy production in fossil power plants, they are sensitive to softening during high-temperature cycling and creep-fatigue. This phenomenon is coupled to a pronounced microstructural degradation: vanishing of subgrain boundaries, decrease in dislocation density, nucleation and/or growth of precipitates and new phases. This study aims at (i) linking the macroscopic cyclic softening of 9%Cr steels and their microstructural evolution during cycling and (ii) proposing a physically-based modelling of deformation mechanisms in order to predict the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of these steels during cycling. Mechanical study including uniaxial tensile tests and cycling at 550 °C was performed on a Grade 92 steel (9Cr-0,5Mo-1,8W-V-Nb). Examination of tensile specimens suggested that the physical mechanism responsible for softening is mainly the evolution of mean subgrain size, which increases by more than 15 % compared to the as-received state. The evolution of macroscopic stress during cycling shows that cyclic softening is due to the decrease in kinematic hardening. TEM observations highlighted that the mean subgrain size increases by 65 to 95 % while the dislocation density decreases by more than 50 % during cycling, compared to the as-received state. A self-consistent homogenization model based on polycrystalline elastoviscoplasticity, predicting the mechanical behaviour of the material and its microstructural evolution during deformation is proposed. This model takes the physical deformation mechanisms into account and only two adjustable parameters (activation energy and activation volume) linked to the viscoplastic deformation mechanisms are used. The value of other parameters were either experimentally measured or deduced from computations available in literature. The model correctly predicts the macroscopic softening behaviour and gives a good trend of the microstructural evolution during cycling. The parametrical study shows that the predictions of the model are rather stable with respect to the variation of the physically-based parameters. Finally, some hypotheses which permit us to improve the model are presented and torsion tests (with or without constant superimposed tensile stress) are modeled
Cloué, Jean-Marc. « Justification de la tenue en service en milieu primaire rep d'un acier martensitique à durcissement structural ». ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0865.
Texte intégralHamouche, Zehoua Guillot Ivan Auger Thierry. « Étude de la fragilisation des aciers T91 et 316L par l'eutectique plomb-bismuth liquide ». S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0412718.pdf.
Texte intégralSidoroff, Christine Vincent Alain Franciosi Patrick. « Analyse microstructurale et modélisation des évolutions dimensionnelles de l'acier 100Cr6 structures martensitique et bainitique / ». Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=sidoroff.
Texte intégralBénéteau, Adeline Aeby-Gautier Elisabeth M. « Étude in situ des évolutions microstructurales d'un acier inoxydable martensitique à l'azote au cours d'une succession de traitements thermiques ». S. l. : INPL, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_BENETEAU_A.pdf.
Texte intégralBouhieda, Soraya. « Etude des premiers instants d'oxydation d'un acier ferrito-martensitique FE-12CR dans le CO2 ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848596.
Texte intégralSidoroff, Christine. « Analyse microstructurale et modélisation des évolutions dimensionnelles de l'acier 100Cr6 : structures martensitique et bainitique ». Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0005/these.pdf.
Texte intégralBearing are manufactured from high elasticity steels that show a good dimensionel stability and a correct hardness. Our study is to measure, characterise the microstructural evolution and model the dimensional variations of a 100Cr6 bearing steel in martensitic and bainitic states during isothermal ageing. Experiments were performed to characterise the kinetic evolution during isothermal ageing in the temperature rang of 110-240°C. To analyse these kinetics, microstructural studies by X-ray diffraction and TEM were conducted, and the phases in the different stages of the thermal ageing were identified. The kinetics of the microstructural evolutions were evaluates by measuring the variations of thermoelectric power, sensitive to the crystal defects, and especially carbon in solid solution. According to these studies, two mechanisms were considered to model the dimensional variations : carbide precipitation in two stages, involving a contraction of the martensitic structure, and the retained austenite decomposition, leading to an expansion. The model proposed to estimate the dimensional variations was founded on the multiscale use of several homogenisation procedures in heterogeneous solid mechanics. The linear thermoelastic formalism was considered. The model was based on an accurate description of the phases morphological arragement (in several heterogeneity levels), and on the transformations strains taking place. This model predicts correctly the experimental dimensional variations. This work showed that our approach was relevant, while displaying the need of having accurate inputs for the mechanical and morphological parameters required by this kind of model
Petit, Bertrand. « Étude du comportement mécanique et des modifications de textures et de microstructures induites par la transformation de phase y-[alpha]' sous contrainte d'un acier AISI 304 : aspects expérimentaux et modélisations ». Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Petit.Bertrand.SMZ0631.pdf.
Texte intégralThe 304 steel shows outstanding deformation properties which are due to a combination of crystalline plasticity and phase transformation (trip effect). This work presents a study of the mechanical behaviour and of the evolutions of textures/microstructures of this steel by tensile tests as well as their modelling. In order to understand and model this complex behavior, tensile tests at -60°C and 20°C was carried out on this steel. The global evolutions of the textures and of the involved phases were first studied by X-ray diffraction. Then the evolutions of the local microstructures and textures were investigated by E. B. S. D. , which led us to a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of deformation and transformation. The results showed that the presence of martensite [alpha]' or of microtwins depends on the γ [gamma] grain orientation with respect to the tensile direction and the temperature and that martensite [epsilon] and micro-twins form germination sites for the [alpha]’ martensite. These results also allowed us to choose, among several theories of the phase transformation exposed in the literature, those which best express the experimental features. Tested in an existing micromechanical model, formulated in small deformations, the transformation deformations deduced from these theories made it possible to reproduce certain aspects of the mechanical behaviour of this steel. We then developed, in close co-operation, a new model formulated in finite transformation, which considers the mechanisms of deformation experimentally observed. This model allows us to satisfactorily reproduce the tensile curves, the transformation kinetics and the texture evolutions of the different phases of this steel
Asserin, Olivier. « Analyse des contraintes résiduelles dans un acier martensitique F82H soudé par faisceau d'électrons ». Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS034.
Texte intégralNicaise, Grégory. « Sensibilité de l'acier martensitique Z10CDNbV9-1 à la fragilisation par les métaux liquides ». Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-179.pdf.
Texte intégralBrachet, Jean-Christophe. « Alliages martensitiques 9Cr-1Mo : effets de l'addition de l'azote, du niobium et du vanadium sur la microstructure, les transformations de phase et les propriétés mécaniques / ». Gif-sur-Yvette : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35510684n.
Texte intégralVillaret, Flore. « Développement d’une jonction austéno-martensitique à gradient de composition chimique par fabrication additive ». Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI104.
Texte intégralThis PhD work concerns the problem of bimetallic austenitic/martensitic steel connections. This research action focuses on a 316L austenitic steel (X2 CrNiMo 18-12-02) / Fe-9Cr-1Mo (X10 CrMo 9-1) martensitic steel connection. The objective is to understand the metallurgical problems related to the assembly of these two steels and to evaluate the possibilities of using powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing to produce austenitic/martensitic steel transitions. A weld obtained by electron beam is used as a reference for this study which focuses on the interest of powder metallurgy to achieve a transition between two steels. Materials with a chemical composition gradient have been consolidated by HIP and SPS and show very good mechanical properties and an excellent junction between the two steels. By additive manufacturing (DED-LB or PBF-LB), we also obtain very good bonds between the two steels, but the microstructures are much more complex. Curiously, we observe that the higher the cooling rate, the higher the ferrite fraction in the martensitic steel. Different calculations based on the nucleation and growth of the austenitic phase have made it possible to propose a coherent scenario to explain the phase fractions present in the materials. The transition zone between the two steels shows strong variations in hardness. These variations are explained by changes in chemical composition, leading to modifications in phase change temperatures, and the particular thermal cycles seen during building. From a technological point of view, materials obtained by additive manufacturing have tensile performances very similar to those obtained by electron beam welding. It is shown that additive manufacturing also makes it possible to control the composition gradient between a martensitic and an austenitic steel
Berrahmoune, Mohamed Reda. « Transformation martensitique et rupture différée dans l'acier austénitique instable 301LN ». Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002460.
Texte intégralRoux, Guilhem. « Prévision des contraintes résiduelles induites par le soudage TIG d'un acier martensitique (X10CrMoVNb9-1) ». Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066658.
Texte intégralSimon, Nathalie. « Etude des interactions de l'alliage liquide plomb-lithium avec des aciers austénitiques et martensitiques / ». Gif-sur-Yvette : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35549703w.
Texte intégralEl, Hilali Fatima. « Etude de la sensibilité à la dépassivation des aciers inoxydables martensitiques à durcissement par précipitation : conséquence sur la corrosion sous frottement et la corrosion sous contraintes ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0055.
Texte intégralMebarki, Nadia. « Relation microstructure-propriétés mécaniques d'aciers martensitiques revenus destinés aux outillages de mise en forme d'alliage légers ». Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1124.
Texte intégralZhang, Zhanping. « Modélisation du comportement cyclique anisotherme d'un acier martensitique 55NiCrMoV7 avec prise en compte du vieillissement ». Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1076.
Texte intégralMarmy, Pierre. « Etude des propriétés mécaniques d'un acier martensitique : influence de l'irradiation aux protons de 590 MeV / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=949.
Texte intégralCôté, Marjolaine. « Étude des cinétiques de transformation de phase d'un acier inoxydable martensitique 13%Cr-4%Ni ». Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2007. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/569/1/C%C3%94T%C3%89_Marjolaine.pdf.
Texte intégralJoly, Marcelin Sabrina. « Etude de la corrosion caverneuse d'un acier inoxydable martensitique : utilisation d'une cellule à couche mince ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0127/document.
Texte intégralMartensitic stainless steels are mainly used for applications where high mechanical performance is required. However, due to the low chromium content, they are relatively sensitive to localised corrosion, and particularly, to crevice corrosion encountered in confined environments. First, the electrochemical behavior of X12CrNiMoV12-3 martensitic stainless steel has been studied in a bulk neutral chloride solution (0.1 M NaCl + 0.04 M Na2SO4). Electrochemical measurements (polarisation curves and impedance measures) and XPS surface analysis were performed in order to characterise the passive films formed under different experimental conditions. The results showed the important role of dissolved oxygen to form and/or modify the passive film during immersion in electrolyte. The impedance diagrams are characterised by two time constants wich are attributed to passive film response (high frequency range) and to charge transfert resistance (low frequency range). The analyse of the high frequencies part of the diagrams by using the "power law model" showed low evolution of passive films thickness during immersion. Then, electrochemical measurements were perfomed in confined environments by using a thin layer cell where the electrolyte thickness were rigourosly adjusted. The measurements showed that the martensitic stainless steel is in passive state even for low electrolyte thickness (inferior in 100 µm). When the electrolyte is confined between two stainless electrodes in order to reproduce the same conditions find during crevice corrosion, the corrosion is sharply accelerated when the electrolyte thickness is above 500 µm
Côté, Marjolaine. « Étude des cinétiques de transformation de phase d'un acier inoxydable martensitique 13%Cr-4%Ni / ». Thèse, Montréal : École de technologie supérieure, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456294401&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=46962&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texte intégral"Mémoire présenté à l'École de technologie supérieure comme exigence partielle à l'obtention de la maîtrise en génie mécanique." Bibliogr. : f. [167]-170. Également disponible en version électronique. CaQMUQET
Collomb, Solenne. « Étude de l'endommagement en fluage d'assemblages soudés en acier martensitique à 9% Cr - Grade 91 ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0219.
Texte intégralThe research of the best thermodynamic efficiency, with the decrease of CO2 emissions, imposes more and more drastic terms of use for the components of Thermal Power Stations. This demand led to the development of the new Grade 91 martensitic steels with 9-12% chromium, associates the usual properties of martensite with solid solution and precipitation hardening. This grade presents exceptional creep properties, but also an unusual damage mode at the welded joint (internal cracks generated in the HAZ - Heat Affected Zone -). Depending on the operating conditions (temperature - stress), the creep damage mode differ, resulting in a specific fracture location. Under industrial conditions (540 - 610 °C) Grade 91 has a cavitation damage mode with a type IV fracture, located in the HAZ, close to the base metal. While ormer studies analysed the microstructural evolution induced by creep, no quantitative relationship seems to have been established between these modifications and service life. However, the links between stress evolution and microstructural modifications during the creep test are not elucidated. The aim of this work carried out with the Institut de Soudure (IS) is to identify the origin and to understand this damage mode in order to propose one or more monitoring factors for follow the residual life time of a welded joint. The objective was to follow, during creep test, the evolution of stresses, microstructure and damage in the base metal and in the weakness zone of the welded joint. Creep tests on welded joints were carried out at a temperature and stress level leading to damage similar to the operating conditions and interrupted at different stages of the service life. The samples were then characterised in situ by diffraction in synchrotron radiation during creep under the same conditions (stress-temperature), to determine the distribution of internal stress along the welded joint. The samples were then investigated using microscopy, microanalysis and diffraction techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron diffraction (SAED) and backscatter electron diffraction (EBSD). In addition, the welded joint mechanical properties were monitored by micro-hardness mapping
Cambon, Jean-Baptiste. « Élaboration et caractérisation de revêtements anti-corrosion par voie sol-gel sur l'acier inoxydable martensitique X13VD ». Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1892/.
Texte intégralThe thesis focuses on the development and characterization of sol-gel coatings on X13VD martensitic steel. The first experimental part was used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of X13VD stainless steel, a study undertaken on the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors: Ce(NO3)3 and Na2MoO4 selected according to the literature. The performances of two types of hybrid coatings prepared from two formulations of sol, " methacrylate-based " and "epoxy-based", were also compared. The second part focuses on the study of the chemical structure by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR 13C, 29Si, 27Al) of the hybrid "epoxy base" formulation, the most interesting system for corrosion protection of X13VD stainless steel. This investigation enables to understand the influence of inhibitors incorporation in the hybrid matrix and also of heat treatment, on the reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of the sol-gel network. The last part of this work concerns the mechanical and electrochemical characterization of different hybrid "epoxy base" coatings deposited on steel X13VD differing in the nature and content of corrosion inhibitor and heat treatment. Correlations are proposed with previous results demonstrating the interdependence between the performance of hybrid coatings and their chemical structures investigated by NMR spectroscopy
Medina, Almazan Aida Liliana. « Etudes expérimentale et numérique de l'effet du mercure sur le comportement mécanique des aciers 316L et T91 ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1060.
Texte intégralAlwan, Raad Aboud. « Analyse des évolutions structurales et du comportement mécanique d'un acier au chrome-nickel-molybdène à très bas carbone du type Z1CNDA 12-09-02, en fonction des traitements thermiques ». Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112002.
Texte intégralWe have studied the structural behavior of a stainless steel capable of age hardening, with a very low carbon content. The martensitic alloy concerned by this research has the following composition : Fe-11. 7 Cr-9. 2 Ni-1. 99 Mo-0. 71 Al-0. 34Ti. The thermal treatments have been undertaken in the temperature range of -160°C and 1150°C. The kinetics of the austenitic transformation and the volumic fraction of reversed austenite stabilizes at ambient temperature have been caracterized as a function of the treatment conditions (isothermal and/or isochronal). During isothermal tempering three stages of hardening may occure before the overaging phenomenon and the formation of reversed austenite. Finally, interesting mechanical properties (Rm and R0. 002) and the improvement of A % and KCV for this alloy, can be obtained when the tempering is performed in the range of 525-550°C, the increase in ductility and toughness being obtained to the detriment of a small decrease in mechanical proof
Lacorne, Jordan. « Fabrication additive par fil fondu d’un acier martensitique : Formulation du fil et étude du déliantage/frittage ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0112.
Texte intégralThe FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) process is an additive manufacturing technique for creating low-cost metal parts. It comprises several stages: the development and manufacture of filaments composed of a polymer matrix and metal powder, the printing of so-called green parts, debinding, which consists in removing the polymer matrix either by solvent dissolution or thermal degradation, and sintering, which densifies the parts left porous after debinding. Nanoe, which specializes in ceramic filaments, is looking to extend its expertise to metal parts, particularly in H13 steel. Optimizing formulations and improving post-printing steps are of prime importance for FFF technology. The main objective of this thesis was to characterize the entire process in order to improve it. To this end, the thesis work focused on three areas: determining the mechanical and rheological properties required to obtain printable filaments; optimizing debinding while avoiding the appearance of defects or contamination; and obtaining dense parts. A study of the influence of storage modulus G' and loss modulus G” on feedstock flow during printing and part strength during debinding enabled us to define the additives used in the feedstock.Then, the optimization of debinding aims to reduce cycle time while preventing defects. A new debinding cycle was developed, taking into account binder degradation temperatures and adapted speeds. Finally, the research focused on the sintering parameters of H13 steel, observing the effects on porosity and microstructure, notably through dilatometric monitoring and SEM analysis. The results provided a better understanding of densification mechanisms and the impact of carbon content on the final microstructure
Hamdane, Ouadie. « Etude des mécanismes de plasticité et d’endommagement de l’acier martensitique T91 en présence de sodium liquide ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10113/document.
Texte intégralThe T91 martensitic steel is designed to constitute structural material of future sodium fast reactors of fourth generation, where it will be subjected to stresses in presence of liquid sodium. This study presents a qualitative and quantitative estimate of the sensitivity of T91 steel towards the phenomenon of liquid metal embrittlement. The effect of liquid sodium on T91 steel was studied and quantified according to the temperature and strain rate, by using a set-up of Small Punch Test, three and four bending test, developed in laboratory. Mechanical tests in sodium environment are carried out inside a Plexiglas cell, conceived and developed at the laboratory. The atmosphere inside this cell is severely purified and controlled. The presence of sodium accelerates T91 steel fracture at low temperature, without modifying its ductile character. The T91 pre-immersion in sodium makes it possible to dissolve the protective layer of chromium oxide, and to obtain an intimate contact with the molten metal. However, pre-immersion generates a surface defects which cause a partial embrittlement by sodium. The hardening of T91 steel by heat treatment with a tempering temperature of 550 °C causes a total embrittlement of steel in presence of sodium, with and without pre-immersion. The hardened steel fracture takes then place by intergranular separation, corresponding to the crack initiation, followed by a cleavage, corresponding at the stage of propagation of these cracks. The mechanism suggested in this study is based on the intergranular penetration of sodium, supported by the presence of segregated impurities such phosphorus, and by the plastic straining
Wang, Yunning Denis Sabine. « Etude et modélisation de l'effet du revenu sur les évolutions des microstructures, du comportement thermomécanique et des contraintes résiduelles de trempe ». S. l. : S. n, 2006. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2006_WANG_Y.pdf.
Texte intégralMeftah, Salem. « Modélisation de la plasticité due à une transformation martensitique dans les aciers ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rouen, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAM0026.
Texte intégralThis thesis concerned with the analysis of a particularly important phenomenon which corresponds to one of the mechanical consequences of solid-solid phase transformations in steels: the transformation plasticity or TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) and its interaction with classical plasticity. This subject is addressed from the point of view of experimental investigations as well as with a nuimerical modelling approach, concerning martensitic transformations
Verleene, Arnaud. « Comportement en fatigue de l'acier martensitique T91 à 300°C dans l'eutectique plomb-bismuth liquide ». Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011551.
Texte intégralNous avons développé un dispositif expérimental qui a permis la réalisation d'essais de fatigue oligocyclique et de fatigue propagation à 300°C dans l'eutectique plomb-bismuth (Pb 45%masse, Bi 55%masse). Ce milieu contribue à diminuer la durée de vie en fatigue oligocyclique de l'acier T91 et augmenter la vitesse de fissuration. La présence de l'eutectique Pb-Bi modifie les mécanismes de germination-croissance des fissures courtes , notamment en supprimant l'efficacité des barrières microstructurales. Un changement du mode de fissuration a également été observé lors des essais de fatigue propagation lorsqu'il y a mouillage du front de fissure par le métal liquide. Nous pensons que le métal liquide modifie l'activité du fond de fissure en localisant la déformation plastique.
Toutefois, l'effet néfaste du métal liquide sur le comportement en fatigue du matériau s'atténue pour des niveaux de déformations faible et nous montrons également qu'une pré-oxydation de la surface du matériau semble une voie à explorer pour l'amélioration de la tenue en fatigue dans un métal liquide.
Shaira, Maher. « Caractérisation non destructive de la transformation martensitique de l'acier 304L induite par déformation cyclique ». Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0087/these.pdf.
Texte intégralThree different non-destructive evaluation techniques have been applied to the monitoring of cyclic-strain-induced martensitic transformation in austenitic stainless steel 304L, namely ultrasonic measurements, eddy current characterisation and acoustic emission. They have been backed up by metallographic observations and made quantitative by comparison with X-ray diffraction measurements. In the low-cycle fatigue that was studied (cyclic strain 0. 5 %, fracture in about 1000 cycles), a significant amount of martensite is formed. But it is heterogeneously distributed: early transformation in the corners of rectangular-section tensile specimens, slower transformation close to the flat free surfaces and even slower in bulk. Considering this heterogeneity, global ultrasonic measurements are not adapted: they only detect damage through an increase of attenuation. On the other hand, local measurements with an eddy current probe proved sensitive to the martensitic transformation and even quantitative. Acoustic emission is a global collection of the local bursts in the sample, that can be caused by plasticity, damage growth (microcracks) and martensitic transformation. Three classes were sorted and attributed to each of these phenomena. It is possible to distinguish damage from martensitic transformation, and the rate of transformation is consistent with the one evaluation by eddy currents on the same sample. The interest and potential of a combination of these non-destructive techniques has therefore been demonstrated, as it had been on a previous concrete sample using ultrasounds and acoustic emission
Shaira, Maher Courbon Joël. « Caractérisation non destructive de la transformation martensitique de l'acier 304L induite par déformation cyclique ». Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=shaira.
Texte intégralGodin, Hélène. « Effet de la microstructure sur la transition ductile-fragile d'aciers inoxydables martensitiques emboutissables à chaud ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM036.
Texte intégralHot stamping steels are widely used for lightweight automotive structural parts, because of their excellent combination of formability, strength and ductility. New hot stamping martensitic stainless steel grades have been developed for this application. Among key properties required for automotive structural parts, impact toughness is a useful indicator of crash worthiness. However, the link between microstructure and the brittle fracture resistance of these steels had still to be established. The present work examined the effect of the chemical composition (niobium addition), austenitization heat treatment, and cooling conditions after hot stamping, on the microstructure and impact toughness of these steels. In order to do this, a detailed analysis of the microstructures obtained after various heat treatments was done. The microstructures are complex, with more or less auto-tempered martensitic laths, untransformed ferrite, retained austenite, and fine alloy carbides. The ductile-to-brittle transition behavior was characterized using Charpy tests over a large temperature range. The critical cleavage fracture stress was determined to be around 2400 MPa whatever the microstructure, by applying the local approach to fracture. The main effect of niobium was torefine the grain size, resulting in a strong improvement of the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior by increasing the resistance to cleavage crack propagation. Moreover, the heat treatment impacts the retained austenite fraction and thus modifies incipient plasticity and the strain necessary to reach locally the criticalstress required to trigger cleavage fracture. In this way, retained austenite plays a determining role to decrease the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature
Verleene, Arnaud Vogt Jean-Bernard Legris Alexandre. « Comportement en fatigue de l'acier martensitique T91 à 300°C dans l'eutectique plomb-bismuth liquide ». Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/267.
Texte intégralN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3703. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 186-193.
Meftah, Salem. « Modélisation de la plasticité due à une transformation martensitique dans les aciers ». Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604502.
Texte intégralMauriès, Sébastien. « Caractérisation et modélisation de la séquence de précipitation de carbures au cours du traitement thermique d'aciers martensitiques alliés ». Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001195/.
Texte intégralMartensitic steels containing 5% chromium, mainly used for forging and high-pressure die casting tools show limited lifetime due to severe thermo-mechanical working conditions. The resistance to stress at high temperatures is directly related to the stability of nanometer sized alloyed cabides which are formed beyond 450°C during tempering. The study aims to characterize alloyed carbides in the early stages of tempering and determine how the sequence of precipitation is changed. In that way, carbides forming elements (V, MO) as well as influencing the precipitation (NI, CO) were added to change the precipitation of a low-silicon AISI H11 steel previously studied, especially at temperatures near the peak hardness
Klósak, Maciej. « Simulations numériques de la localisation plastique dans les aciers martensitiques charges par impact ». Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Maciek.Klosak.SMZ9918.pdf.
Texte intégralThe work contains numerical studies of plastic localisation in the form of necking and adiabatic shear bands. It has been inspired by the series of experiments of double shear recently carried out at LPMM. In order to study the behaviour of the martensitic steel \IAR4340 under dynamic loading, a phenomenological constitutive relation has been proposed. An important point of the analysis is the estimation of the Critical Impact Velocity (CIV). A special attention is paid to the finite element modelling in the environment of the code ABAQUS. The aims of the work have been achieved. The constitutive relation reflects properly material behaviour as well as it enables efficient numerical simulations of dynamic processes. It also permits for an estimation of the Critical Impact Velocity in tension and in shear, which confirms the experimental data. The numerical simulations have answered some questions concerning the experimental technique of double shear, confirming its applicability. The finite element modelling has revealed problems encountered during modelling of dynamics, especially the softening analysis, such as mesh dependence, correct assumption of boundary conditions or well-posedness
Litalien, Anne. « Caractérisation d'une nuance d'acier inoxydable martensitique enrichie à l'azote : résistance à la corrosion, proposition d'un traitement de trempe de surface pour application aéronautique ». Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES012.
Texte intégralPanait, Clara. « Metallurgical evolution and creep strength of 9-12% Cr heat resistant steels at 600°C and 650°C ». Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00579983.
Texte intégral9-12%Cr tempered martensite steels are used for high temperature (400-600°C) especially applications in components of fossil power plants, such as tubes, pipes, heaters. These components are exposed to creep, thermal aging, fatigue, oxidation, corrosion. The development of advanced heat resistant steels with improved long-term creep strength relies on a better understanding of the long-term microstructural evolution and of its influence on the creep strength. This study aims at better understanding of the effect of microstructural evolution on long-term creep strength at 600°C and 650°C of a Grade 92 steel. There are rather few published data on the microstructure of the Grade 92 steel after long-term creep or thermal aging exposure (times higher than 10,000h) both at 600°C and 650°C. Thus, in a first part, P92 steel specimens that had been creep tested for times up to 50,000h at 600°C and 650°C were investigated using transmission electron microscopy on extractive replicas of precipitates, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction to get data on the microstructure of the Grade 92 steel after long-term exposure. These investigations revealed significant precipitation of Laves phases, recovery of the matrix and little precipitation of modified Z-phase. A quantification of the Laves phases and creep damage were realized by image analysis of scanning electron micrographs. Significant precipitation of Laves phase and recovery of the matrix seem to be the most prominent microstructural degradation mechanisms. To separately investigate the effect of each of these two mechanisms on creep strength, creep tests were conducted on thermally aged and thermo-mechanically prepared creep specimens. Creep tests were also conducted on notched specimens. Thermally aged creep specimens enable to study the effect of large Laves phases on the creep strength. A time to rupture four times lower was observed on the aged creep specimens compared to a standard creep test for same testing conditions. This seems not be confirmed, however, at low stresses. Two creep specimens thermo-mechanically prepared by creep-fatigue prestraining at 550°C were used to study the effect of the matrix substructure on the creep strength. A time to rupture twice lower was observed at 600°C (short-term creep) on a thermo-mechanically prepared creep specimen compared to a standard one for the same testing conditions. No such effect was detected at 650°C in the low stress regime. Creep tests were also conducted on notched specimens with various notch shapes to study the effect of stress triaxiality on creep damage. In notched specimens higher amounts of creep damage were observed compared to smooth specimens for similar testing time. A finite element mechanical model coupling microstructural evolution and creep damage was proposed to estimate the long-term creep strength of the Grade 92 steel at 600°C and 650°C. The model taking stress triaxiality into account might also be used to estimate the remaining life of service components and to analyze service components with complex geometry more sensitive to creep damage due to stress triaxiality
El, Ghazal Hayat. « Etude des propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques des aciers 16NiCrMo13 cémenté et 32CrMoV13 nitrure : application à la prévision de leur limite d'endurance en fatigue de roulement ». Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0043.
Texte intégralThe microstructural and mechanical properties profiles of 16NICR. MOl3 carburized and 32CrMoV13 nitrided steels have been studied. The carburised steel exhibits a martensitic structure whereas the nitrided steel is ferritic and hardened by thin precipitates which properties have been studied by T. E. M. . To characterise microplasticity properties profiles, we have developed, by means of finite elements calculations, an original method to identify the work hardening law from nano-indentation tests. A study of rolling contact fatigue behaviour of these steels, under elasto-hydrodynamic conditions, shows that, for the carburised steel, damage starts from carbides formed during the carburizing process. For the nitrided steel, damage has only been observed for very high contact pressures. It devewps within the most stressed area under the surface, which undergoes a microstructural evolution during fatigue. Finally, we have calculated a wwer bound of the fatigue limit of these materials from damage mechanisms that have been observed. These calculations are based on the comparison between the friction limit profiles, controlling dislocations movements, and the Tresca shear stress profile resulting from contact pressure and taking into account the carbides influence in the case of carburised steels
Dusserre, Gilles. « Sollicitations thermomécaniques dans un moule en acier inoxydable martensitique moulé au cours du cycle de pressage de verre ». Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30216.
Texte intégralGlass pressing process is a forming process in which a glass gob is squeezed between two tools. The use of cast stainless steel moulds instead of wrought steel allows a decrease of the tooling costs, but the life time of the hollow mould is consequently decreased. The damages usually take place at the triple junction of dendrites. This thesis is a contribution to the improvement of these tools life time. The aim is to determine the thermomechanical loads of the mould during a glass pressing cycle. Two types of loading exist : the thermal stresses caused by the gradient of thermal dilatation caused by the heat transfer at the glass and mould interface and the superficial stresses caused by the flow of the glass along the surface of the die. An instrumentation of an industrial mould has been realized in order to measure the temperatures in the industrial context and inform about the process (time cycle, use temperature…). An inverse method has been used to estimate the heat flux density at the surface of the tool during the cycle. A high strain viscoelastic law is proposed and identified from compression tests with cylindrical glass samples. The industrial forming process is then simulated using this new rheological law in order to determine the normal stresses on the mould while pressing
Ye, Changqing. « Fragilisation de l’acier martensitique T91 par l’eutectique liquide Plomb-Bismuth ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10059.
Texte intégralMartensitic T91 steel is designated to constitute structural material for both Generation IV nuclear reactors and the high temperature components of future accelerator driven system (ADS) which employ liquid metals. The liquid LBE embrittlement of is one of the critical issues for the compatibility between the structural material T91 steel and the liquid metal. This thesis research has estimated the embrittlement sensitivity of T91 steel in liquid LBE qualitatively and quantitatively. A specific unit of LBE purification has been manufactured to remove oxygen from LBE. Special setup of Small Punch Test, three-point bending test and tensile test, have been developed in the laboratory to perform mechanical tests in low oxygen LBE inside an environmentally controlled atmosphere cell. T91 steel is a ductile material even when stressed in LBE but there exists a set of conditions which results in ductile to brittle transition. T91 steel has appeared very sensitive to liquid LBE embrittlement at 300°C when it very slowly loaded as well in oxygen saturated LBE as in low oxygen LBE even in the standard heat treatment. In addition, low oxygen content in LBE accelerates this brittle damage. Surface defects play a role when their size is of the order of a few grain sizes. The fracture toughness for T91 steel in liquid LBE can be just half of that in air. The mechanism of liquid LBE embrittlement of T91 is based on the reduction of both the values of interatomic bonds cohesive strength and of surface energy. Straining very slowly the material is supposed to favour oxidation-oxide film rupture sequences which allows real adsorption at crack tip and then propagation of brittle crack
Herny, Emilie. « Caractérisation mécanique et étude des mécanismes de vieillissement thermique et thermomécanique de l'acier inoxydable martensitique 15-5PH, soudé par faisceau d'électrons ». Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001914/01/herny.pdf.
Texte intégralIn aircraft industry, 15-5PH precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel is used to manufacture structural parts susceptible to thermal and thermomechanical ageing in service. The objective to the study is to characterize the mechanical properties of the electron beam welded steel after ageing. The microstructural investigations of the aged alloy allow to identify the mechanisms responsible for the degradation of the mechanical properties. The spinodal decomposition of the martensite is at the origin of the embrittlement. Ageing tests under applied stress tests have been performed to evaluate the effect of stress on the ageing kinetics and to identify the microstructural mechanisms involved. Finally, the level of understanding reached at the end of the study, allows to suggest corrective actions to avoid the detrimental effect of ageing
Bénéteau, Adeline. « Étude in situ des évolutions microstructurales d'un acier inoxydable martensitique à l'azote au cours d'une succession de traitements thermiques ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL016N/document.
Texte intégralThe nitrogen martensitic stainless steel XD15NW (Fe–15,5%Cr–0,4%C–0,2%N–1,7%Mo–0,3%V) is an attractive candidate for the bearing rings of the space engines turbopumps. It owns good mechanical properties and a good corrosion resistance thanks to the nitrogen which contributes to the formation of little size precipitates in a fine grains matrix. The microstructural evolutions of this steel during a succession of thermal treatments were studied: austenitisation and quenching, tempering, induction surface heat treatment. In addition to the usual techniques of microstructural analysis (SEM, TEM, dilatometry), the in situ high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used. It allowed to obtain the evolution kinetics of the phases as a function of temperature and time, the microstructural gradients in induction treated samples and the lattice parameters evolutions which are linked to the chemical composition or the internal stresses evolutions of the phases