Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Addition basique »

Cette étude a eu pour but de déterminer l'effet d'un traitement par le sulfite de sodium sur la concentration en composés organohalogénés totaux (TOX) et sur l'activité mutagène de solutions chlorées de substances humiques d'origine aquatique (SHA), après avoir cherché à préciser l'influence du pH et du temps sur la concentration en TOX. Les résultats obtenus à partir d'échantillons chlorés de SHA en absence de chlore résiduel ont permis de mettre en évidence une diminution de la concentration en composés organohalogénés totaux, soit par stockage en milieu neutre ou basique, soit par addition de sulfite de sodium. L'intensité de cette réduction de la concentration en TOX augmente avec le pH, le temps de réaction et la dose de sulfite de sodium introduite. Les résultats obtenus à partir d'échantillons contenant du chlore libre indiquent que seule une déchloration totale avec un excès de sulfite de sodium peut conduire, en milieu neutre, à une diminution de l'activité mutagène et de la concentration en TOX des solutions diluées de SHA. La comparaison des pourcentages d'abattement obtenus sur le paramètre TOX et sur l'activité mutagène indique que la diminution de la génotoxicité par déchloration totale est due à l'action du sulfite sur des composés mutagènes non chlorés ou sur des composés chlorés fortement mutagènes et ne représentant qu'une très faible fraction du TOX.

Description du sujet. La diminution drastique de terres arables à Libreville pousse de plus en plus les agriculteurs à s’installer dans les localités proches de la capitale gabonaise pour y pratiquer l’agriculture et ravitailler Libreville en produits agricoles.Objectif. La présente étude qui se déroule à quatre-vingt kilomètres de Libreville, a pour objectifs de : (1) déterminer certaines propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques des sols de Kango, et de comparer les valeurs trouvées avec les valeurs seuil agronomiques, (2) relever les contraintes liées à la production agricole sur ces sols, et (3) proposer des solutions adéquates pour une exploitation agricole respectueuse de l’environnement.Méthodes. Des échantillons de sols ont été prélevés, et les analyses physico-chimiques et biologiques y ont été réalisées : le pH eau, le pH KCl, le carbone organique total, l’azote total, l’azote assimilable, le phosphore total, le phosphore assimilable, l’aluminium, les cations basiques, la capacité d’échange cationique, le taux de saturation en bases échangeables, la biomasse microbienne, le quotient microbien, les rapports azote microbien/azote total et carbone microbien/azote microbien.Résultats. Les sols prélevés sont argileux, ils ont des teneurs en carbone organique total, en azote total et en phosphore total agronomiquement convenables. Mais la très forte acidité, les teneurs en phosphore et azote assimilables, en cations basiques, le taux de saturation très bas et l’activité biologique constituent les principales contraintes à la production agricole.Conclusion. Le chaulage, l’apport de biochar et des amendements organiques sont des solutions à appliquer pour obtenir de bons rendements dans ces rendements dans ces sols dans le respect de l’environnement. Description of the subject. Faced with the drastic reduction of arable land in Libreville following the development of the city, more and more farmers and agro-industries are settling in localities close to the Gabonese capital where they can find land to exploit in to supply Libreville with agricultural products, such as the locality of Kango, located 82 kilometers from Libreville.Goals. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine certain physico-chemical and biological properties of the soils of Kango and to compare the values found with the agronomic threshold values, (2) to identify the constraints likely to limit agricultural production on these soils, and (3) to propose adequate solutions for an efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural exploitation.Methods. Soil samples were taken, and physico-chemical and biological analyzes were carried out: water pH, KCl pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, assimilable nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphorus assimilable, aluminum, basic cations, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable base saturation rate, microbial biomass, microbial quotient, microbial nitrogen/total nitrogen and microbial carbon/microbial nitrogen ratios.Results. The soils sampled are clayey, they have agronomically suitable total organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents. But the very high acidity, the assimilable phosphorus and nitrogen, basic cations, the very low saturation rate and the biological activity constitute the main constraints to agricultural production.Conclusion. Liming, the addition of biochar and organic amendments are solutions to be applied to obtain good yields in these soils while respecting the environment.ls dans le respect de l’environnement.

Background Both propofol and volatile anesthetics have been reported to interact with the endocannabinoid system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective agonists for cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 on etomidate-induced sedation. Methods A controlled, blinded, experimental study was performed in 20 mice that received intraperitoneal injections of etomidate, the cannabinoid1 receptor agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), the cannabinoid2 receptor agonist JWH 133 alone, and both ACEA and JWH 133 combined with etomidate. The cannabinoid1 receptor antagonist AM 251 and the cannabinoid2 receptor antagonist AM 630 were administered 10 min before the delivery of ACEA and JWH 133, respectively. Each drug combination was applied to 6-8 mice of these 20 study animals. Sedation was monitored by a Rota-Rod (Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy). Isobolographic analysis was used for evaluation of pharmacologic interaction. Results Single drug administration of etomidate and ACEA produced dose- and time-dependent decreased time on the Rota-Rod (P < 0.05). No sedative effect was seen after JWH 133. Etomidate-induced sedation was significantly increased and prolonged with ACEA (P < 0.05), but not with JWH 133. Isobolographic analysis revealed an additive interaction between ACEA and etomidate that was antagonized by the cannabinoid1 receptor antagonist AM 251. The cannabinoid1 receptor antagonist had no effect on etomidate alone. Conclusions Etomidate-induced sedation was increased and prolonged by activation of the cannabinoid1 receptor, but not of the cannabinoid2 receptor, in mice. However, this interaction was only additive.

This paper aims at researching folk and ethnological elements that were identified within the short story collection, dated in the 17th century and entitled „Tale of Tales or Entertainment for Little Ones“, written by a Neapolitan Baroque writer Giambattista Basile. Folklore and ethnological elements represent the voice of the nation that passed from one generation to another traditional habits and wisdom, thus preserving the traditional culture. Besides this, the paper questions the role of the humoristic elements identified within the analysed short stories, as well as fantasy and didactic elements, questioning the role and the behavior of fantastic characters such as fairies and ogres through the opposition be-tween good and evil. In addition, also the anthropological component, which is widespread throughout the entire Lo Cunto de li Cunti or Pentamerone, is analysed. The collection includes numerous elements of the Baroque culture and art together with the elements from the oral tradition that survived, as well as the forgotten traditions and habits together with a vast span of local games and pastimes. Neapolitan dialect, in which the masterpiece was written, reveals the richness of the language that is no longer used nowadays, but will be preserved forever owing to Basile’s collection. Lo Cunto de li Cunti is an important literary work because it represents a linguistic, traditional and cultural-anthropological heritage, not only for Italy where it stems from, but for the entire Mediterranean area. Of great interest is the analysis of the elements that can be identified also in Croatian traditional culture and costumes, especially in Dalmatia and hinterland; mostly in forms of traditional dances, games and proverbs that kept living through.

The purpose of this study is to revealed the women image portrayed in selected Disney’s stories. There are several stories of Disney’s movie adaptation that are used as object in this research. There are Sleeping Beauty (Disney, 2014), Snow White (Brothers Grimm, 1812), Beauty and The Beast (Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot, 1740), Cinderella (Giambattista Basile, 1634), Mulan (Guo Maoqian, 1992), and Brave (Disney, 2012). In addition, the aim of this research is also to identify the characteristics of female characters in selected Disney’s stories related to the Heroine and Princess attitude. This study used qualitative research; descriptive qualitative methods are used to analyze data. This study used three main concepts of semiotics theory by Roland Barthes, there are meaning of denotation, connotation, and myth. This study also applied feminism approach accordance to women attitude as heroine and princess. In this study, the researcher found some results. First, this study indicated the women image portrayed in Disney’s stories contains two images, they are women as heroine and princess. Women image as heroine is revealed in Beauty and the Beast, Mulan and Brave. Meanwhile, women as princess is portrayed in Sleeping Beauty, Snow White and Cinderella. Then, there are several characteristics found in Disney’s stories that represent the woman’s character as heroine and princess. They are from the feminism such as submissive, kind and gentle, domestic role, damsel in distress, emotional balance, craving for freedom (independent and brave), willing to sacrifice and has ability to stand up to the antagonist.

Relevance. Since the 19th century, the Norilsk Ore district has been one of the world leaders in the production of platinum metals. Long-term research focused on the detection of sulfide platinum-copper-nickel ores contributed to the accumulation of a large volume of scientific material on the geology and ore content of the Norilsk region. Due to the emergence of new methods for ores studying, it seems necessary to analyze previously published data and assess the prospects for the joint application of traditional and modern methods in solving the problem of understanding the ore formation process. The purpose of the work – to summarize information about the geology of the Norilsk ore region and the platinum-metal mineralization associated with it, to note the main scientific achievements and identify promising areas for further research. Results. Thanks to comprehensive production and research geological works, differentiated basite-ultrabasite intrusions and ore-containing Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary volcanic rocks of the Norilsk region have been studied at the highest level. The geological structures of the region and its metallogeny are also studied in detail. However, there is still no unambiguous understanding of the geodynamics of the magmatic process and, accordingly, the mechanism of formation of ore-bearing intrusions. Conclusions. In the conditions of depletion of known deposits, the decoding of the genesis of ores of the Norilsk region becomes particularly relevant. The use of modern computer X-ray microtomography in addition to geochemical and petrological studies makes it possible to analyze the three-dimensional distribution of platinum and sulfide minerals, to identify textural and structural evidence of processes that were previously questioned. The results of these studies may lead to a reassessment of established models of ore genesis, as well as an increase in the efficiency of ore processing.

La Encuesta Intercensal 2015, del Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEGI), permite realizar un análisis estadístico detallado de las estructuras de familia en el estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, México. Para tal fin, utilizamos un enfoque multidimensional que considera cinco componentes fundamentales: dinámicas de autoridad, marco normativo de derechos y obligaciones, vínculos de parentalidad, procesos de estabilidad o transición, y sistemas básicos y complementarios de relaciones sociales. Al aplicar esta perspectiva analítica, encontramos cuatro tipos principales de hogares familiares en Veracruz, según estén encabezados por parejas casadas, parejas en unión libre, jefas y jefes de familia solos, divididos en 22 subtipos diferentes. En conjunto, abarcan 88.16% de los hogares de la entidad federativa, a lo que debemos sumar un 10.71% de hogares de personas solas, además de otro grupo pequeño conformado por cuatro tipos de hogares: corresidentes, de probable poligamia, parejas del mismo sexo y no especificados (1.13% en conjunto). También se hace un análisis comparativo con respecto a los resultados de los Censos de Población y Vivienda de 2000 y 2010.Palabras clave: Estructuras de familia, México, Matrimonio, Cohabitación, Padres solos Family structures in Veracruz, 2015. Organization and dynamics of changeAbstractThe Intercensal Survey 2015, from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEGI), allows for a detailed statistical analysis of family structures in the state of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, Mexico. For this purpose, a multidimensional approach is used- This approach considers five fundamental components: authority dynamics, regulatory framework of rights and obligations, parenthood links, stability or transition processes, and basic and complementary systems of social relations. When applying this analytical perspective, four main types of family homes in Veracruz are found, as they are headed by married couples, couples in union, single female heads and male heads of families, divided into 22 different subtypes. Together, they comprise 88.16% of households in the state, to which we must add 10.71% of households of single people, in addition to another small group consisting of four types of households: co-residents, of probable polygamy, same-sex couples and unspecified (1.13% as a whole). A comparative analysis is also made with respect to the results of the Population and Housing Censuses of 2000 and 2010.Keywords: Family structures, Mexico, Marriage, Cohabitation, Single parents Les structures de famille à Veracruz, 2015. Organisation et dynamiques de changementRésuméL’Enquête Intercensitaire 2015, de l’Institut National de Statistique et Informatique (INEGI par ses sigles en espagnol) permet de réaliser une analyse statistique détaillé des structures de famille à l’État de Veracruz d’Ignacio de la Llave, Mexique.Dans ce but, nous utilisons une approche multidimensionnelle qui considère cinq composants fondamentaux : dynamiques d’autorité, cadre normatif de droits et obligations, liens de parentalité, processus de stabilité ou transition, et systèmes basiques et complémentaires de relations sociales.Appliquant cette perspective analytique, nous trouvons à Veracruz quatre principaux types de foyers familiaux, selon leur entêtement, par couples mariés, couples en union libre, chefs de famille hommes ou femmes tous seuls, divisés en 22 différents sous-types.Dans l’ensemble, ils couvrent le 88,16% des foyers de l’État, à cette quantité il faut ajouter un 10,71% des foyers de personnes seules, outre un autre petit groupe constitué par quatre types de foyers : Co-résidents, de possible polygamie, couples du même sexe et non spécifiés (1,13% dans son ensemble). On fait aussi une analyse comparative en ce qui concerne les résultats des Censéments de Population et Habitation de 2000 et 2010.Mots clés: Structures de famille, Mexique, Mariage, Cohabitation, Parents seuls

A detailed description of the new noble metal (Pt-Au-Pd) Vasilinovskoe occurrence discovered near the Kharp town of the Yamalo–Nenets Autonomous Okrug is given. It is associated with amphibolized gabbroids and clinopyroxenites. Mineralization zones with an apparent thickness from 0.5 to 50 m (sulfides 1–3 vol.%, occasionally more) are developed in these rocks. In areas with scattered or finely nested sulfide inclusions, feldspar-quartz and epidote veinlets are often present. The first expedition to study the platinum-bearing area of the Rai-Iz mountains was organized by Professor A.N. Zavaritsky 100 years ago, in 1925 (A.G. Betekhtin was the head of the рrospecting party), but the expected placer platinum deposits were not found. Communication 1 includes general geological and detailed mineralogical characteristics of the ore occurrence and brief information on the bulk geochemistry of rocks and ores of the object. The mineralized gabbro-amphibolite ore macrocomponents, which are often found in bulk samples, can be noted (wt.%) V up to 0.2, Co up to 0.06 and Ni up to 0.02. According to assay data, in bulk 0.5–1 kg samples with sulfide inclusions, the Pd content reaches 1.4 g/t, Au – 0.8 g/t, and Pt – 0.2 g/t. The PGE minerals are represented by abundant impregnation of micron–sized palladium minerals: tellurides (merenskiite, temagamite, kotulskite, sopcheite), antimonides (stibiopalladinite, sadberite), arsenoantimonides (arsenic stibiopalladinite, isomertiite), as well as other noble metal compounds – moncheite, native osmium and others. In addition, the magnetite–chalcopyrite–pyrite assemblage contains microinclusions of native silver, bismuth and tin. In the later polysulfide–feldspar–carbonate–quartz assemblage, Au and Ag tellurides, native gold (including Hg-bearing), Se-containing argentite, and greenockite are found. In the zones of sulfide impregnation of the Podgornensky site (1.5 km to the south), occurring in the diorites of the Sob’ complex and closely associated with quartz veins, the amount of sulfides is higher, the copper profile is enhanced, and concentrations of Co, Ni, and especially Ti, V, Pd and Pt are falling. According to the LA-ICP-MS analyses of pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite of the Vasilinovskoe occurrence, the profiling trace element for them is cobalt – up to 1.2 wt.% Co in pyrite of the early assemblage. The Ni impurity is also high (400-800 ppm, up to 0.2 wt.%) in the early pyrite and decreases to 16–90 ppm in the late pyrite. The impurity of Se, on the contrary, increases in pyrite of the late assemblage (up to 207 ppm). Chalcopyrite commonly contains As and Se (~100–300 ppm). In contrast to the Vasilinovskoe occurrence, at the Podgornensky site, an admixture of Mo (up to microinclusions of molybdenum), Te (up to 35 ppm), noticeable impurities Tl (up to 25 ppm) and Re (0.3 ppm) are present in pyrite. Impurities are often found in chalcopyrite: Ag up to 65 ppm, Sn up to 65 ppm, Cd up to 35 ppm and Bi up to 11 ppm. Significant impurities of Co and Ni (up to 0.n wt%) are typical here only for minor pyrrhotite. According to the mineral composition and geochemical spectrum of Pt-Au-Pd-Co ±Ni-Cu-V-Ti, the low-sulfide platinoid mineralization of the Vasilinovskoe occurrence contrasts quite strongly with the zones of low-sulfide mineralization (+chalcedony quartz) with the specialization Fe-Cu-Au-Ag (±W, Bi, Sn, Mo, Re) of the Podgornensky site, which probably belong to the skarn-porphyry gold-bearing system. The conclusion is made about the prospects of expanding the contours of Pd mineralization to the west and east, where the halos of Cu, Co and Ni, as well as magnetic anomalies, occur in the rocks of the basite-ultrabasite association.

The anti-folate methotrexate is a critical component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy. In addition to systemic administration, methotrexate is given intrathecally, or directly into the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) via lumbar puncture, for central nervous system (CNS) leukemia treatment and prophylaxis. While IT methotrexate played a critical role in improving outcomes for ALL, CNS ALL relapse remains a major cause of treatment failure and therapy related morbidity. However, attempts to develop more efficacious and less toxic CNS ALL therapies have been largely unsuccessful and IT methotrexate has remained the standard of care for 60+ years. Based on our prior work showing that ALL cells are more poised to undergo apoptosis in nutrient poor CSF, we initially hypothesized that ALL chemosensitivity will be increased in CSF (Basile et al., 2020). While this was confirmed for several ALL drugs including cytarabine and anthracyclines, we strikingly found that methotrexate was significantly less efficacious and potent against ALL cells in CSF relative to standard tissue culture media or the more physiologically relevant human plasma-like media (HPLM). CSF also attenuated the sensitivity of ALL cells to other anti-folates including raltitrexed, trimetrexate, and pralatrexate. To define the mechanism(s) underlying this methotrexate resistance induced by CSF, we explored previously well-described mechanisms of methotrexate resistance in leukemia and other cancers. However, to date this work suggests that the molecular etiology of this CSF-induced relative methotrexate resistance is not entirely explained by diminished leukemia proliferation in CSF, altered methotrexate cellular influx/efflux, methotrexate metabolism, folate analog rescue, dysregulated expression of methotrexate target proteins, or compensation by nucleotide salvage pathways. To complement our work examining known mechanisms of methotrexate resistance, we also used a more discovery-based approach and compared the gene expression patterns of leukemia cells in CSF versus tissue culture media. Preliminary bioinformatic analyses identified dysregulation of multiple genes involved in the integrated stress response (ISR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in leukemia cells in CSF. The ISR/UPR are mechanisms by which cells adapt to diverse stress stimuli in the microenvironment, including potentially nutrient poor CSF which is low in glucose, proteins, and lipids relative to plasma. The hallmark event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α, which inhibits global protein synthesis and enables the translation of selected genes that together enable cell survival. Supporting our gene expression data, ALL cells in CSF showed increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and a decrease in global protein synthesis. Intriguingly, it has been shown that activation of the UPR can divert metabolites from glycolysis to mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism with resulting resistance to anti-folates such as methotrexate (Reich et al., 2020). Accordingly, we next tested the effect of UPR/ISR activation on leukemia cell sensitivity to methotrexate in tissue culture media. Activation of the UPR with thapsigargin, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor that triggers ER stress, increased methotrexate resistance in leukemia cells. Similarly, BtdCPU a small-molecule activator of heme regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase that phosphorylates eIF2α and activates the ISR, also enhanced leukemia resistance to methotrexate. Building upon these results, current investigations are focused on testing the role of UPR/IST activation in methotrexate resistance in leukemia cells in CSF and modulating this pathway to overcome resistance. While methotrexate is clearly an efficacious and critical component of CNS leukemia treatment and prophylaxis, we have shown that CSF attenuates the overall efficacy of methotrexate in targeting leukemia cells. Moreover, we anticipate that our current work defining the mechanisms driving this resistance may identify novel approaches for maximizing methotrexate efficacy and more completely eradicating leukemia cells in CSF and the CNS. Finally, this work highlights the importance of critically evaluating even long-established standards of care.

Abstract Recombinant human interleukin-12 (rHuIL-12, HemaMaxTM) is being developed for mitigation of HSARS under the FDA Animal Rule using a NHP model of HSARS for proof of efficacy and clinical studies in healthy human subjects to demonstrate safety. We have shown previously that a single injection of rHuIL-12 administered 24-25 hours after lethal total body irradiaton (TBI), in the absence of antibiotics, fluids or blood products, resulted in improved survival while filgrastim (G-CSF) did not provide any survival benefit in our NHP HSARS model (Basile et al 2012, Gluzman-Poltorak et al 2014, Gluzman-Poltorak et al 2014). The mechanism by which IL-12 mitigates HSARS following TBI appears to involve multiple effects of IL-12 on hematopoieses. In our previous studies, animals treated with rHuIL-12 showed statistically significant reductions in the occurrence of severe neutropenia and severe thrombocytopenia, as well as attenuated nadirs for lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and reticulocytes. To characterize further relationship between survival and hematological nadirs (lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, RBCs and reticulocytes) in the rhesus model of HSARS and to better understand the effects of rHuIL-12 versus G-CSF on blood cell nadirs, we undertook a meta-analysis analysis across three studies in irradiated rhesus monkeys. Animals used in this analysis were irradiated (700 cGy) and treated with a single subcutaneous injection of vehicle (n=64) or rHuIL-12 50-500ng/kg (n=108) 24-25 hours after irradiation, or daily subcutaneous injections of G-CSF at 10μg/kg/d for 18 days starting 24-25 hours after irradiation (n=26). Males and females were equal in each group. Lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets were significantly lower in decedents versus monkeys that survived to day 60 overall and this was true in each treatment group (p<0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The mean RBC nadir was significantly higher in survivors compared to non-survivors in the rHuIL-12 group (p = 0.008), but not in the control group or the G-CSF group. Lymphocytes nadir appears to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of death followed by neutrophils and platelets (Spearman’s rank correlation). RBCs and reticulocytes are less informative in terms of predicting survival status. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area under the curve (AUC) by nadir value was assessed. The operating characteristics for lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets allow for relatively large positive predictive values (PPV) of death with relatively high sensitivity. A cutoff value for lymphocytes nadir of 0.08x109/L (values less than or equal predicting death and higher values predicting life) allows for largest PPVs (97.2% and 92.5%) with 76.1% and 62.7% sensitivities for control and rHuIL-12 treatments, respectively. A cutoff value for neutrophils nadir of 0.03x109/L permits for 84% and 71.1% PPVs with sensitivities of 91.3% and 91.5 % for control and rHuIL-12 treatments, respectively. A cutoff value for platelets nadir of 9x109/L permits for 84.1% and 76.8% PPVs with sensitivities of 80.4% and 72.9 % for control and rHuIL-12 treatments, respectively. RBCs and reticulocytes were found less informative. To conclude, in the rhesus model of HSARS we have observed that an augmented hematological nadirs generally predicts an increased potential for survival as this effect reflects early bone marrow regeneration. The nadir for lymphocytes appears to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of death. Decrease of lymphocyte counts has been established as a best marker of bone marrow damage in a large database of human victims of acute radiation (METREPOL, Fliedner et al 2001). Thus, the correlation of our results with the human data supports the validity of our animal model as an accurate representation of human HSARS and its ability to predict effectiveness in humans exposed to lethal radiation. These data also suggest that the significant increase in early bone marrow regeneration seen in our studies, resulting in increases in nadir values for all major blood cell types, may be the main mechanism of action by which rHuIL-12 mitigates the lethality of HSARS. This project has been entirely funded with Federal funds from BARDA/ASPR/DHHS under Contract No. HHSO100201100037C. Disclosures Gluzman Poltorak: Neumedicines Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Vladimir:Neumedicines Inc.: Consultancy, Employment, Equity Ownership. Basile:Neumedicines Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership, Neumedicines Inc. Patents & Royalties.

Nous avons étudié les conséquences de l'acidose latente sur l'équilibre acido-basique ruminal et sanguin, les orientations fermentaires en relation avec l'écosystème microbien ruminal chez le mouton à l'entretien, ainsi que sur les performances zootechniques de vaches laitières en début de lactation. L'effet de deux doses de levures a été testé sur ces différents paramètres. La première étape de ce travail a consisté à mettre en place un modèle expérimental propice au développement et au maintien d'une acidose ruminale latente chez le mouton. Une technique de mesure du pH en continu a été développée et validée. La diminution du pH ruminal liée à l'acidose s'explique par l'augmentation du pouvoir tampon des AGV et par la diminution de celui des bicarbonates. Les observations avant repas sont les plus pertinentes pour mettre en évidence l'effet d'un régime acidogène sur l'équilibre acidobasique ruminal. Parallèlement à la chute de pH ruminal, le pH sanguin a diminué les réserves alcalines corporelles (bicarbonates sanguins) ont été mobilisées. Au niveau fermentaire, l'acidose latente a été définie comme butyrique et non lactique. Les bactéries impliquées dans le métabolisme du lactate n'ont pas été modifiées. Par contre, la population de protozoaires a augmenté, suggérant leur rôle dans l'orientation butyrique. Ils favorisent la production de butyrate et limiteraient l'accumulation de lactate en restreignant l'accès des bactéries à l'amidon. Un effet positif des levures sur la régularité de l'ingestion et les troubles sanitaires a été observé sur les animaux en production. Un effet modérateur des levures sur la baisse du pH ruminal a été montré chez le mouton
We have studied consequences oflatent acidosis on acido-basi status in rumen and blood, fermentative pattern related to ruminal microbial ecosystem in non-productive sheep, and on zootechnical performances of dairy cows in early lactation. The effect of two yeasts dose was tested on these parameters. The first stage of this work was to set up and experimental model to induce and maintain a ruminal latent acidosis in sheep. A technique of continuous pH measurement was developed and validated. Ruminal pH decrease related to acidodis was explained by the increase of VFA buffering capacity and by the decrease of that of bicarbonates. Befre meal measurements are most relevant to put in evidence acidotic diet effet on urinal acido-basic status. At the same time that ruminal pH fell, blood pH decreased and body alkaline reserves (blood bicarbonates) were mobilized. Concerning ruminal fermentations, latent acidosis was defined as butyric and non lactic. Bacteria involved in lactate metabolism were not modified. On the other hand, protozoal population increased, suggesting their role in butyric fermentative. They would support butyrate productin and would limit lactate accumulation by restricting bacterial access to starch. A positive effect of yeasts was observed in productive animals on ingestion regularity and health disorders. A moderating effect of yeast on ruminal pH decrease was shown in sheep. We propose a mode of action of yeasts according to the fermentative pattern and targeting in a case bacteria of lactate metabolism (propionic patter) and in the other the protozoa (butyric pattern)

L'addition, l'une des opérations fondamentales de l'arithmétique, constitue une des premières opérations enseignées aux enfants. Parmi les diverses formes d’additions, celles impliquant deux opérandes à un chiffre, comme 5+3, sont omniprésentes dans la vie quotidienne et requièrent souvent des calculs mentaux rapides. A ce jour, les mécanismes cognitifs sous-jacents à la résolution de ces opérations restent mal compris. Deux grands modèles théoriques s’opposent. Les théories associationnistes (Ashcraft, 1982; Campbell & Graham, 1985; Logan, 1988; Siegler & Shrager, 1984) postulent que l'apprentissage conduit à une récupération en mémoire de la réponse. Au début de l'apprentissage, les enfants utilisent une procédure explicite de comptage (par exemple 6...7...8) qui crée une trace mnésique associant le problème à sa solution. Après de nombreuses répétitions, le résultat peut être récupéré directement en mémoire sans nécessiter de calcul. Plus récemment, une théorie propose que l'apprentissage conduit à l'automatisation du comptage pour les plus petites additions (Barrouillet & Thevenot, 2013; Uittenhove et al., 2016; Thevenot & Barrouillet, 2016). Même après une grande expérience, le résultat ne serait pas récupéré en mémoire, mais calculé grâce à une procédure ultra-rapide et inconsciente qui parcourrait la ligne numérique mentale. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à ce champ de recherche en explorant les mécanismes cognitifs employés grâce à une approche expérimentale et computationnelle. Le volet expérimental vise à déterminer comment les stratégies de comptage et de récupération opèrent durant l’apprentissage de la résolution des additions. Il s'agit également d'examiner si des facteurs comme la magnitude des opérandes et la structure des problèmes peuvent influencer ces stratégies. Le volet expérimental comprend deux études d’apprentissage basées sur des tâches similaires à celles de l’arithmétique alphabétique et menées avec des participants adultes. La première étude explore l'automatisation des additions en comparant deux conditions d'apprentissage, mémorisation et comptage, à l'aide d’additions construites sur une séquence artificielle et montre que le comptage est toujours utilisé par la majorité des participants tandis que d’autres mémorisent les plus grands problèmes. La seconde étude examine l'influence du matériel d'apprentissage, en comparant des additions construites à partir de séquences contiguës et non contiguës, et montre que la structure des séquences affecte également les stratégies utilisées par les participants. Le volet modélisation computationnelle a pour objectif d’expliquer et reproduire les évolutions stratégiques observées entre le comptage et la récupération en mémoire. Une première version du modèle, fondée uniquement sur l'accélération du comptage, ne suffit pas à expliquer pleinement les données expérimentales. Une nouvelle version du modèle, intégrant un mécanisme de compétition dynamique entre le comptage et la récupération en mémoire, a permis de simuler de manière plus précise la transition entre ces deux stratégies en fonction de la taille des problèmes et de leur structure, comme observé dans les expériences. Les résultats des deux approches montrent qu'aucune stratégie unique ne prévaut à la fin de l'apprentissage. Les résultats sont plus nuancés et révèlent que la taille des problèmes ainsi que la structure du matériel influencent le choix des stratégies. De plus, des différences inter-individuelles ont été observées, certains individus privilégiant la récupération en mémoire, tandis que d'autres continuent d'utiliser des procédures de comptage même après une pratique prolongée. Ces observations soulignent l'importance de proposer un modèle flexible pour comprendre les mécanismes d'automatisation des additions basiques
Addition, one of the fundamental operations in arithmetic, is among the first operations taught to children. Among the various forms of addition, those involving two single-digit operands, such as 5+3, are ubiquitous in daily life and often require fast mental calculations. To date, the cognitive mechanisms underlying the resolution of these operations remain poorly understood. Two major theoretical models are in opposition. Associationist theories (Ashcraft, 1982; Campbell & Graham, 1985; Logan, 1988; Siegler & Shrager, 1984) posit that learning leads to the retrieval of answers from memory. At the beginning of learning, children use an explicit counting procedure (e.g., 6...7...8) that creates a memory trace associating the problem with its solution. After numerous repetitions, the result can be retrieved directly from memory without requiring calculation. More recently, a theory proposes that learning leads to the automatization of counting for smaller additions (Barrouillet & Thevenot, 2013; Uittenhove et al., 2016; Thevenot & Barrouillet, 2016). Even after significant experience, the result is not retrieved from memory but is calculated using an ultra-fast and unconscious procedure that would scroll the mental number line. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to this field of research by exploring the cognitive mechanisms employed through both experimental and computational approaches. The experimental component aims to determine how counting and retrieval strategies operate during the learning of addition resolution. It also seeks to examine whether factors such as operand magnitude and problem structure can influence these strategies. The experimental component comprises two learning studies based on tasks similar to those of alphabet arithmetic and conducted with adults. The first study explores the automatization of additions by comparing two learning conditions, memorization and counting, using additions built from an artificial sequence, and shows that counting is still used by most participants, while others memorize larger problems. The second study examines the influence of learning material by comparing additions built from contiguous and non-contiguous sequences, demonstrating that the structure of the sequences also affects the strategies used by participants. The computational modeling component aims to explain and reproduce the strategic shifts observed between counting and memory retrieval. A first version of the model, based solely on counting acceleration, does not fully explain the experimental data. A new version of the model, incorporating a dynamic competition mechanism between counting and memory retrieval, more precisely simulates the transition between these two strategies depending on problem size and structure, as observed in the experiments. The results from the two approaches show that no single strategy prevails at the end of learning. The results are more nuanced, revealing that problem size and material structure influence the choice of strategies. Additionally, individual differences were observed, with some individuals favoring memory retrieval, while others continue to use counting procedures even after prolonged practice. These findings highlight the importance of proposing a flexible model to understand the mechanisms underlying the automatization of basic additions

Dans la première partie, nous considérons un feuilletage Riemannien F sur une variété différentiable compacte connexe transversalement orientable m. Nous calculons le spectre de l'espace des adhérences des feuilles i. E. Le spectre basique et nous donnons le développement asymptotique de la trace du noyau de la chaleur basique. Nous appliquons le résultat aux variétés de satane. Dans la deuxième partie, nous considérons un feuilletage transversalement holomorphe F sur une variété différentiable M et U = (U I) I , I un recouvrement ouvert localement fini de m. Nous énonçons le problème additif de cousin basique. Soit O F le faisceau des germes de fonctions basiques holomorphes sur m. L'espace H 1 (U, O F) contient exactement les obstructions à la résolution du problème. Si le recouvrement u est acyclique alors H 1 (U, O F) = H 1 (M, O F). Lorsque H 1 (M, O F) = 0, nous appelons f un feuilletage de cousin. Nous donnons des méthodes générales de calcul de l'espace des obstructions, en particulier pour les revêtements feuilletés et les feuilletages suspension d'une représentation du groupe fondamental d'une variété dans le groupe des biholomorphismes d'une variété complexe. Des calculs explicites sont faits lorsque = Z. Nous donnons des conditions pour que la résolution se ramène celle du problème classique sur l'espace des feuilles.

A l'heure actuelle, certains lubrifiants pour moteurs marins diesels contiennent de l'acetate de calcium, dont le role est de neutraliser les residus acides issus de la combustion des fuels. Cet additif est introduit dans l'huile sous forme de cristaux, par un procede de cristallisation en emulsion avec evaporation de solvant. Notre objectif est de mettre en evidence si les proprietes du lubrifiant peuvent etre ameliorees en substituant tout ou partie de l'acetate de calcium par un autre sel. En remplacant seulement 5% de l'acetate, la stabilite et la filtrabilite de l'huile ne sont, en general, pas modifiees, car ces deux proprietes dependent surtout de la morphologie et de la taille des cristaux. En revanche, la tenue thermique et les proprietes anti-usure dependent fortement de la nature chimique du sel de remplacement. En remplacant tout l'acetate par du carbonate de potassium ou de sodium, la tenue thermique est beaucoup amelioree. La masse de depot forme en cokefiant l'huile sur un banc de cokefaction peut etre divisee par quatre. On montre que c'est l'oxydation de l'huile qui est responsable en grande partie de la formation du depot. Une analyse systematique de ces depots par microscopie electronique et electrophorese capillaire, ainsi que le suivi de l'oxydation de l'huile par infrarouge, montrent que cette oxydation est fortement reduite en presence d'ions carbonates. Ceux-ci interviennent dans les mecanismes de l'oxydation en promouvant la formation de composes aromatiques. Pour savoir si la substitution de tout l'acetate par du carbonate de potassium est realisable dans le procede actuel de fabrication du lubrifiant, nous avons etudie l'ebullition de gouttelettes de solution aqueuse de carbonate dispersees dans l'huile. Nous montrons qu'avec ce nouvel additif, la surchauffe necessaire a la nucleation de bulles de vapeur d'eau est plus grande et que la formulation du tensioactif doit etre modifiee

Abstract Bill Holman, who may be the premiere living jazz orchestrator and is surely a contender, is back, at 70, in rare form. One of the best records of 1997 was A View from the Side, and whatever 1998 brings, few albums can top Brilliant Corners: The Music of Thelonious Monk. Holman always keeps busy in Los Angeles and Europe, but records released under his name are so infrequent that they support a long-standing cult without confirming his reputation as a major figure in the development of big band music. Brilliant Corners may not change that, but it provides standards for an idiom that too often waffles in amateurish unoriginality and is sure to keep you searching for more of the same. The work of all great arrangers raises the question of where the line is drawn between composition and orchestration. Several of the best, from Gil Evans to Nelson Riddle, were insignificant melodists who brought organizational genius to the melodies of others. Holman has composed several effective pieces—”Invention for Guitar and Trumpet,” “The Big Street,” “Far Down Below,” “Concerto for Herd”—but he is never as inspired as when recasting a familiar tune. He is at bottom a variations man and a good theme frees his imagination, which exults in diverse effects, tempos, humor, melodic juxtapositions, and vigorous rhythms. The wonder of his Contemporary Concepts, written for Stan Kenton in 1955, is that he simultaneously reconfigured the big band for a world bereft of ballrooms while stressing the Count Basie dictum to pat your foot, in addition to transfiguring melodies like “Stompin’ at the Savoy” and “What’s New” and turning the intransigent “Stella by Starlight” into a concerto for Charlie Mariano that would have earned the alto saxophonist a footnote in jazz history all by itself.

Our study evaluated the effectiveness of several types of study materials used in addition to the textbook in teaching English as a second language to middle school-level students in Iasi, Romania. The additional classroom materials used were a combination of workbooks used for the students to practice their writing and reading skills and online video materials to practice their listening and comprehension skills. The same materials contributed to the English vocabulary enrichment of the students. The study participants were students from grades 5, 6, and 7 at Dimitrie A. Sturzda School from Iasi, Romania. The study showed that the additional study materials were effective at improving the reading, writing, and listening skills of students in grades 6 and 7 while decreasing the skill levels of students in grades 5. The study did not take into consideration other factors that may contribute to a decrease in skill levels for students in grade 5.

Petro- and paleomagnetic studies of Early Paleozoic rocks of carbonate basement of a number of diamond deposits in the Yakutsk diamondiferous province were carried out to study changes in the values of petrophysical parameters in the zone of dynamic influence of a kimberlite pipe. It is shown that during the formation of kimberlite diatrems accompanied by pulsational, upward-shifting explosions, thermoelastic stress fields characterized by epigenetic changes and related petrophysical aureoles appear in the kimberlite-bearing medium. Naturally, some of these petrophysical aureoles are petromagnetic heterogeneities of burning and stress, within which kimberlite-bearing rocks have contrastingly changed their original magnetic characteristics under the action of thermodynamic processes. Generally, petromagnetic aureoles are reflected in the changing nature of anisotropy magnetic susceptibility: from sedimentary to dyke geotype. In addition, petromagnetic magnetic susceptibility aureoles are accompanied by the formation of metachronous natural residual magnetization vectors in kimberlite-bearing rocks. The size of petromagnetic aureoles (petromagnetic heterogeneities) may significantly exceed the size of the kimberlite pipe itself, which helps to identify and delineate the most promising areas. In addition, the magnetoseismic effect can create zones near kimberlite bodies that are difficult to penetrate for relatively viscous, protocrystal-rich basite magmas. This explains their wedging out along petrophysical barriers: splitting into low-power "tongues", formation of trap-free "windows" and "corridors", toroidal shafts with sharply increasing thickness in intrusions, etc. Having relatively elevated values of magnetic and density parameters, such magmatic formations will be reflected in the observed geophysical fields. Thus, it is reasonable to consider petromagnetic aureoles as one of the important petrophysical search criteria for the detection of indigenous kimberlite bodies.

Organizational change can significantly impact organizational performance, but this impact can be different depending on the nature and purpose of the change and how it is managed. The paper proposes a model for evaluating the effects of the organizational change process on organizational performance, staff retention, and organizational abandonment. The empirical study in which the model is tested was carried out among 294 employees from Romanian organizations who answered the questionnaire questions. Structural equation modeling was used to process the data and obtain the results. Effective change management and employee involvement in the change process can contribute to the success of organizational change and the development of a positive organizational culture, leading to increased organizational performance, high employee retention, and the organizational dropout rate minimization. In addition, organizations should also consider open and transparent communication with employees, as well as providing support in developing the skills and competencies of employees so that they can adapt to organizational changes and contribute to the organization's success.

The wellness spa industry has become one of the fastest-growing segments in the hospitality and tourism industry, with an increasing number of individuals seeking relaxation, rejuvenation, and wellness. Given the growing popularity of wellness spa services, it is important for businesses to understand the factors that influence customers' intentions to remain loyal to wellness spa services. In this vein, this study applied an extended Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) framework to examine the relationship between attitude towards wellness spa services, subjective norms, satisfaction, and the intention to remain loyal to the wellness spa services. The study utilized survey data collected from customers of a well-known wellness spa destination in Romania. The research results revealed that that attitude and subjective norms positively influence customers' loyalty. In addition, the study found that satisfaction for spa services mediates the relationship between attitude towards spa services and the intention to remain loyal to the spa services. The findings of this study have important theoretical and managerial implications for tourism businesses seeking to enhance customer loyalty and satisfaction with wellness spa services.

The present paper examines the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the financial situation of Romanian Households, using a simple random sampling without replacement. For a larger investigation of the survey results, that offers a new perception in looking at issues of financial stability, a binary logistic regression model was applied in order to econometrically quantify the relationship between determinants and respondents' behavior regarding the use of savings to pay bills and credits commitment during the coronavirus pandemic. The results of the model show that the respondents’ household with four members and over used 2.75 times more savings to pay bills and credits commitment than those consisting of three or fewer members. It should be mention that, among the respondents participating in the research, slightly over 28 percent of the respondents have no emergency savings at all. In addition, less than a quarter of the responses (16.5 percent) indicate that staple foods were purchased with borrowed money in order to meet the basic consumption needs. The analysis of households’ resilience to shocks is significant in the epidemic context, as the ability of households to cope with the shock determines how much consumption will decrease and whether debtors will register outstanding debts.

Innovation, the engine of well-developed economies, is crucial worldwide. Even in times of disruption, as the last years confirmed, the companies that continued to have innovation in the focus were better prepared for facing challenges and identifying new opportunities for future positive development. Innovation can make the difference between a well-run business and one that is driven by inertia. It is obvious that innovative activities can improve business development, but it is unclear how to build an efficient innovation system or strategy. In order to study the way innovation is approached in food organizations, in Romania, we have conducted an exploratory research, structured on 5 important topics: how organizations are defining innovations, what kind of innovations are developed, how innovation is implemented and managed, what measurement methods are used, and which is the strategy for innovation management. An additional topic was focused on companies’ concerns towards sustainability. After conducting the exploratory empirical research, a SWOT analysis was developed, to uncover the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the Romanian food industry’s approach to innovation. The aim of the paper is to point out the opportunities and beneficial elements of innovation management in Romania’s food sector, but also the weaknesses and threats in order to identify ways of surpassing them. The purpose of the research is answering the following questions: What is the importance of innovation management, sustainability, and quality management in the Romanian food companies? Is there a common definition and a common approach for innovation management in food industry? What measurement methods are used for measuring the impact of innovation? Which is the strategy for innovation management? The structure of the research, with practical implications, offers an additional novelty and originality approach for studying the innovation management in Romania’s food sector. According to National Statistical Institute Innovation data, big organizations are driving the most consistent part of the economic growth, therefore, in the present paper, the authors could reveal important aspects to be considered for an Innovation Management Model which could fit all food companies, no matter the size

The European integration process has fostered the continuous advancement of economic relations with the EU, necessitating the modernization of domestic legislation through alignment with EU regulations, particularly in the realm of competition within the agro-food sector. The liberalization of competition is a positive catalyst for product diversification, consumer welfare, economic growth, and overall quality of life. The paper aims to assess the level of harmonization between national regulations governing the agrifood market and European regulations. The research entails the analysis of local legislation in the food sector, relevant scholarly works, and reports from the Competition Office. The findings indicate that the food industry and retail food trade are economic activities that require the elimination of anti-competitive barriers and the promotion of free competition. Furthermore, the provision of state aid to public companies must adhere to competition rules and avoid detrimental effects on the functioning of the market's supply and demand mechanism. In addition, the study aims to provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the harmonization process. By examining the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks and identifying areas for improvement, this research contributes to the ongoing discussions on promoting fair competition and enhancing market efficiency in the agri-food sector. The findings of this study will inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers, enabling them to make informed decisions and develop strategies that foster a competitive and sustainable agri-food market in line with European standards. It is important to note that this research represents a preliminary analysis of competition in the agro-food chain, with further exploration planned as part of the doctoral training program.

This article presents the level of awareness among Human Resources managers and professionals of an Austrian oil & gas company with regards to Green Human Resource Management (GHRM). This is an approach with focus on integrating environmental sustainability practices into various HR functions within an organization. In addition, it recognizes that HR plays a crucial role in promoting and supporting sustainability by aligning the related policies and practices when it comes to talent attraction and retention, diversity, equity and non-discrimination or training and organizational effectiveness. To collect the data, a qualitative research methodology was used. We aimed to deep dive on how the Human Resources function integrates the environmental, social and economic sustainability principles into the practices, policies and strategies of the organization. Thus, such actions involve long-term impact HR decisions and actions on the environment, society and on the overall well-being of employees and stakeholders. The theoretical framework of the article is based on how corporate sustainability is integrated as a component of the overall business and Human Resources strategy. Interviews in the area of Talent attraction & Retention (Recruitment), Diversity, equity and non-discrimination and Training & Organizational Effectiveness were conducted in order to deep dive on the synergies between sustainability and HR strategy approach. The finding of the study confirms that there is a relationship between the presence of GHRM and corporate sustainability in the Austrian oil & gas company where the interviews were conducted. The HR managers and professionals are aware of Green Human Resources Management, however there is space for improvement in building the right business capabilities for a sustainable environment. In this respect, organizations should implement strategic human resources management policies based on Green Human Resources Management concept, with more focus on selecting, developing and retaining green employees. By integrating sustainability principles into HR principles, organizations can contribute to a more sustainable and responsible future while fostering a positive workplace culture that attracts, develops and maintains top talents.