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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Aflatoxin »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 21 février 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Aflatoxin"

Rosim, Roice Eliana, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira et Carlos Humberto Corassin. « Aflatoxina M1 e Aflatoxina B1-lisina como Biomarcadores de Avaliação da Eficiência de Adsorventes para Aflatoxinas : Artigo de Revisão ». Ensaios e Ciência : C. Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde 22, n^o 3 (30 décembre 2018) : 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2018v22n3p171-178.

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A contaminação de alimentos por aflatoxinas, principalmente, a aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) representa um problema mundial para a saúde humana e animal. Uma forma de avaliar a exposição a estes contaminantes é analisando a dieta para verificar a ocorrência destes compostos. Esta metodologia, no entanto, tem limitações devido à variabilidade das aflatoxinas encontradas nos alimentos e às diferenças individuais na toxicocinética dos compostos. Por outro lado, o biomonitoramento de aflatoxinas em fluidos biológicos se utilizando de biomarcadores gera informações mais confiáveis sobre a exposição a estas toxinas nos indivíduos. O uso de adsorventes químicos na ração animal possibilita a detoxificação de aflatoxinas sem produzir efeitos tóxicos nem alterar as propriedades nutricionais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo revisar os dados publicados sobre a eficiência in vitro e in vivo de adsorventes para aflatoxinas, bem como estudos referentes ao uso da aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) e da AFB1-lisina como biomarcadores para avaliar a redução da biodisponibilidade da AFB1 por adsorventes em rações. Trabalhos relevantes publicados nos últimos dez anos (2009-presente) foram selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct e Google Scholar. A determinação de AFM1 no leite e/ou na urina, bem como de AFB1-lisina no soro, indica a biodisponibilidade individual da AFB1 em ensaios para avaliar a eficiência de adsorventes em animais. Deste modo, a utilização destes biomarcadores permite reduzir os custos dos ensaios in vivo, além de proporcionar maior padronização dos experimentos e possibilitar a avaliação da eficiência dos adsorventes em condições de campo. Palavras chave: AFB1. - Adsorventes Minerais. Biomarcadores de Exposição - AFB1-lisina - AFM1 AbstractFood contamination by aflatoxins, mainly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is a worldwide concern for human and animal health. A possible way to assess the exposure to these contaminants is through the diet analyses to verify the occurrence of mycotoxins. However, this methodology has important limitations due to the variability of mycotoxins found in the food and the individual differences in the toxicokinetics of the compounds. On the other hand, biomonitoring of aflatoxins in biological fluids using biomarkers generates more reliable information on the exposure to these toxins in individuals. The use of chemical adsorbents in animal feed makes it possible to detoxify mycotoxins without producing toxic effects or altering the nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to revise the available published data on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of adsorbents for aflatoxins, as well as studies on the use of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and AFB1-lysine as biomarkers to evaluate the reduction in the bioavailability of AFB1 by adsorbents in feed. Relevant articles published in the last 10 years (2009-present) were selected in PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Determination of AFM1 in milk and/or urine, and AFB1-lysine in serum, indicate the individual bioavailability of AFB1 in trials conducted for evaluation of adsorbent’s efficiency in animals. Thus, the use of these biomarkers may reduce the costs of in vivo trials, increase the standardization of experiments, and evaluate the adsorbents’ efficiency under field conditions. Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 – Clays - Exposure Biomarkers - Aflatoxin B1-lysine Aflatoxin M1.

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Surtini, Nentin, Nia Yuliani et Agus Susanto. « PENGIKATAN AFLATOKSIN B1 DENGAN HASIL EKSTRAKSI UMBI ILES-ILES (Amorpophallus oncophylus) SECARA INVITRO ». JURNAL SAINS NATURAL 5, n^o 2 (16 décembre 2019) : 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v5i2.262.

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Aflatoksin B1 Binding with Tubers of Iles-Iles (Amorpophallus oncophylus) Extract on InvitroAnimal feed plays an important role in determining livestock productivity and food security for humans. Animal feed produced by the animal feed industry is still corn-soya based, its raw material composition is dominated by soybean and corn meal, which is easily contaminated with aflatoxin. Aflatoxin compounds known to cause disruption to both animals and humans, because it is carcinogenic. Some aflatoxin binding methods have been using glucomannan containing yeast product (GYP), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), zeolite, bentonite, kaolin, and activated carbon, and this method is imported so the price is quite expensive. This study aims to test the ability of extracted iles-iles as a binder of aflatoxin B1 in feed in vitro. The results showed that iles-iles extract can bind aflatoxin well like glucomannan from Mycosorb although the binding of Aflatoxin by Amorphophalus extract is less bound than the binder of Mycosorb. Giving extracts weighing 41.25; 82.1 and 102.75 mg have the aflatoxin binding ability with a 3.88-axis increase in succession; 6.25 and 5.97 ppb or as high as 9.86; 15.8; 15.2%. The binding of aflatoxin with glucomannan from the mycosorb product was able to absorb 27.10% aflatoxin in 41.25 mg binder weight and decrease in binder material 82.1 mg (19.63%) and 102.75 mg (23.97% ).Keywords: Aflatokin B1, iles-iles tubers, glucomannanABSTRAKPakan ternak memiliki peran penting karena menentukan produktivitas ternak maupun keamanan pangan bagi manusia. Pakan ternak yang diproduksi oleh industri pakan ternak masih berbasis corn-soya, komposisi bahan bakunya didominasi oleh bungkil kedelai dan jagung, yang mudah terkontaminasi aflatoksin. Senyawa aflatoksin diketahui dapat menimbulkan gangguan baik pada hewan maupun manusia, karena bersifat karsinogenik. Beberapa metode pengikatan aflatoksin selama ini menggunakan glucomannan containing yeast product (GYP) (Mycosorb®), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), Zeolit, bentonit, kaolin, dan karbon aktif dan metode ini bahannya berasal dari import sehingga harganya cukup mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan hasil ekstraksi iles-iles sebagai pengikat aflatoksin B1 dalam pakan secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa ekstrak iles-iles dapat mengikat aflatoksin dengan baik seperti glukomanan dari Mycosorb walaupun pengikatan Aflatoksin oleh ekstrak Amorphophalus lebih sedikit terikatnya dibandingkan dengan pengikat dari Mycosorb. Pemberian ekstrak dengan berat 41,25 ; 82,1 dan 102,75 mg memiliki kemampuan mengikat aflatoksin dengan kecenderungan meningkat secara berturut turut 3,88; 6,25 dan 5,97 ppb atau sebesar 9,86; 15,8; 15,2%. Pengikatan aflatoksin dengan glukomannan dari produk mycosorb mampu menyerap 27,10% aflatoksin pada penggunaan bahan berat pengikat 41,25 mg dan menurun pada bahan berat bahan pengikat 82,1 mg (19,63%) dan 102,75 mg (23,97%).Kata kunci : Aflatokin B1, umbi iles-iles, glukomanan

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Yabe, Kimiko, Miki Nakamura et Takashi Hamasaki. « Enzymatic Formation of G-Group Aflatoxins and Biosynthetic Relationship between G- and B-Group Aflatoxins ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, n^o 9 (1 septembre 1999) : 3867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.9.3867-3872.1999.

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ABSTRACT We detected biosynthetic activity for aflatoxins G1 and G2 in cell extracts of Aspergillus parasiticusNIAH-26. We found that in the presence of NADPH, aflatoxins G1 and G2 were produced fromO-methylsterigmatocystin and dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin, respectively. No G-group aflatoxins were produced from aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, 5-methoxysterigmatocystin, dimethoxysterigmatocystin, or sterigmatin, confirming that B-group aflatoxins are not the precursors of G-group aflatoxins and that G- and B-group aflatoxins are independently produced from the same substrates (O-methylsterigmatocystin and dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin). In competition experiments in which the cell-free system was used, formation of aflatoxin G2 from dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin was suppressed whenO-methylsterigmatocystin was added to the reaction mixture, whereas aflatoxin G1 was newly formed. This result indicates that the same enzymes can catalyze the formation of aflatoxins G1 and G2. Inhibition of G-group aflatoxin formation by methyrapone, SKF-525A, or imidazole indicated that a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase may be involved in the formation of G-group aflatoxins. Both the microsome fraction and a cytosol protein with a native mass of 220 kDa were necessary for the formation of G-group aflatoxins. Due to instability of the microsome fraction, G-group aflatoxin formation was less stable than B-group aflatoxin formation. The ordA gene product, which may catalyze the formation of B-group aflatoxins, also may be required for G-group aflatoxin biosynthesis. We concluded that at least three reactions, catalyzed by the ordA gene product, an unstable microsome enzyme, and a 220-kDa cytosol protein, are involved in the enzymatic formation of G-group aflatoxins from eitherO-methylsterigmatocystin or dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin.

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Ozer, H., H. I. Oktay Basegmez, T. B. Whitaker, A. B. Slate et F. G. Giesbrecht. « Sampling dried figs for aflatoxin – Part 1 : variability associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis ». World Mycotoxin Journal 10, n^o 1 (27 février 2017) : 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2052.

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The variability associated with the aflatoxin test procedure used to estimate aflatoxins in bulk shipments of dried figs was investigated. Sixteen 10 kg laboratory samples were taken from each of twenty commercial bulk lots of dried figs suspected of aflatoxin contamination. Two 55 g test portions were taken from each comminuted laboratory sample using water-slurry comminution methods. Finally, two aliquots from the test portion/solvent blend were analysed for both aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins. The total variance associated with testing dried figs for aflatoxins was measured and partitioned into sampling, sample preparation and analytical variance components (total variance is equal to the sum of the sampling variance, sample preparation variance, and analytical variance). Each variance component increased as aflatoxin concentration increased. Using regression analysis, mathematical expressions were developed to model the relationship between aflatoxin concentration and the total, sampling, sample preparation and analytical variances when testing dried figs for aflatoxins. The regression equations were modified to estimate the variances for any sample size, test portion size, and number of analyses for a specific lot aflatoxin concentration. When using the above aflatoxin test procedure to sample a fig lot at 10 μg/kg total aflatoxins, the sampling, sample preparation, analytical, and total variances were 47.20, 0.29, 0.13, and 47.62, respectively. The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps accounted for 99.1, 0.6, and 0.3% of the total variance, respectively. For the aflatoxin test procedure used in this study, the sampling step is the largest source of variability.

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Kumar, Vishal, Ashutosh Bahuguna, Srinivasan Ramalingam, Jong Suk Lee, Sung Soo Han, Hyang Sook Chun et Myunghee Kim. « Aflatoxin Reduction and Retardation of Aflatoxin Production by Microorganisms in Doenjang during a One-Year Fermentation ». Journal of Fungi 8, n^o 2 (15 février 2022) : 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8020190.

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Meju, a raw material for doenjang preparation, is highly vulnerable to aflatoxin-producing fungi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a one-year fermentation on aflatoxins and aflatoxin-producing fungi in doenjang spiked with aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2 and inoculated with toxigenic Aspergillus flavus. A significant reduction in aflatoxins was observed after a year of fermentation, measuring 92.58%, 100%, 98.69%, and 100% of B1, G1, B2, and G2, respectively. After a year of fermentation, 6.95 ± 3.64 µg/kg of total aflatoxin was detected, which represents a 97.88% reduction in the total aflatoxin compared with the initial value (328.83 ± 36.60 µg/kg). Several aflatoxin-degrading fungi (Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium subcinereum, Aspergillus ochraceus) and bacteria (Bacillus albus, Bacillus velezensis) isolated from doenjang were identified as the major contributors to the reduction of aflatoxin. Furthermore, it was observed that most of the aflatoxin contamination in doenjang occurred during the meju stage, and this stage was found to be most susceptible to A. flavus contamination and growth. These findings reveal that native microorganisms mediate aflatoxin clean-up in doenjang during fermentation and support the use of such microorganisms as a starter culture for the preparation of aflatoxin-free doenjang.

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Lin, X., X. Hu, Y. Zhang, Y. Xia et M. Zhang. « Bioaccessibility in daily diet and bioavailability in vitro of aflatoxins from maize after cooking ». World Mycotoxin Journal 12, n^o 2 (3 avril 2019) : 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2350.

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Bioavailability is not a constant percentage of a contaminant in food but is affected by many factors, such as food type, treatment, diet structure and interaction with other compounds. To evaluate these influences, we measured the bioaccessibility of aflatoxins from nine naturally polluted maize samples, collected from southeast China, using an in vitro digestion model, and analysed the intestinal transport of aflatoxins by a Caco-2 cell model. Steam cooking treatment could reduce the aflatoxin levels in maize bread. The degradation rates of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 ranged from 24.9±3.2 to 33.9±3.5%, 27.0±2.0 to 39.0±1.8%, 27.9±7.9 to 34.4±8.2% and 25.6±3.6 to 37.2±6.5%, respectively. As a result, the bioaccessibility of aflatoxins determined by an in vitro digestion model (41.5-63.3%) was much lower than the previously reported 80%. Edible oil could increase the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin, whereas lettuce would decrease the exposure amount from maize. With a Caco-2 cell model, the apparent permeability coefficient exceeding 10-5 cm/s indicated that there is high absorption of aflatoxins in the human body, while the intestinal transport can be effectively restrained in the presence of chlorophyll.

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Olsen, M., P. Johnsson, T. Möller, R. Paladino et M. Lindblad. « Aspergillus nomius, an important aflatoxin producer in Brazil nuts ? » World Mycotoxin Journal 1, n^o 2 (1 mai 2008) : 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1032.

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The relationship between aflatoxin B1 and G1 was examined in samples from 199 aflatoxin contaminated lots of inshell Brazil nuts imported to Europe. In most of the samples, the relationship between B1 and G1 were approximately 50/50 indicating that the major responsible aflatoxin producing fungi cannot be Aspergillus flavus, which produces solely B aflatoxins. Fungal strains were isolated from two batches of Brazil nuts and isolates of both A. nomius and A. flavus could be identified. The A. nomius isolates were good producers of both B and G aflatoxins, while the A. flavus strains only produced B aflatoxins. In conclusion, this study suggests that A. nomius is an important producer of aflatoxins in Brazil nuts and that its occurrence, and possibly other B and G aflatoxin producers, should be further examined since this may influence strategies for prevention and control of aflatoxins in Brazil nuts.

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Leszczyńska, J., J. MasŁowska, A. Owczarek et U. Kucharska. « Determination of aflatoxins in food products by the ELISA method ». Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 1 (7 février 2013) : 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6567-cjfs.

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To determine the total content of aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in food the ELISA method was used. Milk, dairy products and cereal samples were mainly investigated. A few samples were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins. A great usability of the ELISA method for aflatoxin determination in food was established. Selectivity and sensitivity of the method is reported.

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Varga, J., J. Frisvad et R. Samson. « A reappraisal of fungi producing aflatoxins ». World Mycotoxin Journal 2, n^o 3 (1 août 2009) : 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1094.

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Aflatoxins are decaketide-derived secondary metabolites which are produced by a complex biosynthetic pathway. Aflatoxins are among the economically most important mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 exhibits hepatocarcinogenic and hepatotoxic properties, and is frequently referred to as the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen. Acute aflatoxicosis epidemics occur in several parts of Asia and Africa leading to the death of several hundred people. Aflatoxin production has incorrectly been claimed for a long list of Aspergillus species and also for species assigned to other fungal genera. Recent data indicate that aflatoxins are produced by 13 species assigned to three sections of the genus Aspergillus: section Flavi (A. flavus, A. pseudotamarii, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. bombycis, A. parvisclerotigenus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. arachidicola), section Nidulantes (Emericella astellata, E. venezuelensis, E. olivicola) and section Ochraceorosei (A. ochraceoroseus, A. rambellii). Several species claimed to produce aflatoxins have been synonymised with other aflatoxin producers, including A. toxicarius (=A. parasiticus), A. flavus var. columnaris (=A. flavus) or A. zhaoqingensis (=A. nomius). Compounds with related structures include sterigmatocystin, an intermediate of aflatoxin biosynthesis produced by several Aspergilli and species assigned to other genera, and dothistromin produced by a range of non-Aspergillus species. In this review, we wish to give an overview of aflatoxin production including the list of species incorrectly identified as aflatoxin producers, and provide short descriptions of the 'true' aflatoxin producing species.

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Stroka, Joerg, Elke Anklam, Urban Jörissen, John Gilbert, Anna Barmark, Carlo Brera, Per-Erik Clasen et al. « Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography Using Post-Column Bromination for Determination of Aflatoxins in Peanut Butter, Pistachio Paste, Fig Paste, and Paprika Powder : Collaborative Study ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, n^o 2 (1 mars 2000) : 320–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.2.320.

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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an immunoaffinity column cleanup liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins at European regulatory limits. The test portion is extracted with methanol–water (8 + 2) for dried figs and paprika, and with methanol–water (8 + 2) plus hexane (or cyclohexane) for peanut butter and pistachios. The sample extract is filtered, diluted with phosphate buffer saline, and applied to an immunoaffinity column. The column is washed with water and the aflatoxins are eluted with methanol. Aflatoxins are quantitated by reversed-phase LC with post-column derivatization (PCD) involving bromination. PCD is achieved with either an electrochemical cell (Kobra cell) and addition of bromide to the mobile phase or pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide. Determination is by fluorescence. Peanut butter, pistachio paste, dried fig paste, and paprika powder samples, both naturally contaminated with aflatoxins and containing added aflatoxins, were sent to 16 collaborators in 16 European countries. Test portions of samples were spiked at levels of 2.4 and 9.6 ng/g for total aflatoxins which included 1.0 and 4.0 ng/g aflatoxin B1, respectively. Recoveries for total aflatoxins ranged from 71 to 92% with corresponding recoveries for aflatoxin B1 of 82 to 109%. Based on results for spiked samples (blind duplicates at 2 levels) as well as naturally contaminated samples (blind duplicates at 4 levels, including blank), the relative standard deviation for repeatability ranged from 4.6 to 23.3% for total aflatoxins and from 3.1 to 20.0% for aflatoxin B1. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility ranged from 14.1 to 34.2% for total aflatoxins, and from 9.1 to 32.2% for aflatoxin B1. The method showed acceptable within-laboratory and between-laboratory precision for all 4 matrixes, as evidenced by HORRAT values <1, at the low levels of determination for both total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Aflatoxin"

Chan, Fion. « Kampen mot aflatoxin : En litteraturstudie som synliggör förekomsten av aflatoxin i Västafrika ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46049.

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Aflatoxin is a poisonous mold that has spread around the world, posing a threat to food security and the agricultural economy. A total of 4,5 million people are in danger of being exposed to aflatoxins on a long-term basis around the world. Acute toxicity is caused by consuming significant amounts of toxins in a short period of time, which can lead to death in the worst cases, whereas chronic toxicity is caused by consuming small quantities over a longer period of time, which can lead to low birth weight, immunosuppression, restricted growth in children, and liver cancer in the worst cases. The occurrence of aflatoxins in West Africa was recognized, studied, and investigated in this paper based on a literature review. The findings demonstrate that large levels of aflatoxins have been found in West African raw materials and food and the human body. Children under the age of five, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers are the most vulnerable to aflatoxins. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the majority of the population is unaware of aflatoxins and its health implications. Inadequate governmental systems, low societal development, lack of access to health care, a low educated population, climate variability and climate change, high levels of illiteracy, and a lack of laboratories are only a few of the many obstacles that the region has in limiting aflatoxins concentrations. Sorting procedures, the use of tarpaulins, and seminars have all helped raise awareness and knowledge and reduce contamination and consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods. This study argues that a multi-sectoral strategy is needed to promote food security and local education. Increased limitations and regulations and higher standards may be able to help limit aflatoxin contamination and exposure.

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Watson, A. J. « Aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267259.

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Cervino, Christian. « Entwicklung von immunanalytischen, chromatographischen und massenspektrometrischen Methoden zur Bestimmung von Aflatoxinen in Lebensmitteln ». München Hieronymus, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994958935/04.

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Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros 1973. « Aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate : avaliação de metodologia analitica e de ocorrencia ». [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254717.

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Orientador : Lucia Maria Valente Soares
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T02:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariutti_LilianReginaBarros_M.pdf: 1680960 bytes, checksum: 54a05df2fbb3674f6e787d861ae60c73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo: Um recente relato da presença de Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus em polpa de tomate industrializada brasileira motivou preocupações quanto a possível presença de micotoxinas em produtos de tomate nacionais. Aspergillus fIavus e Aspergillus parasiticus são conhecidos produtores de aflatoxinas, uma família de toxinas com propriedades hepatotóxicas, mutagênicas, teratogênicas e carcinogênicas. No presente trabalho foi adaptado e avaliado um método para determinação de aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate por cromatografia de camada delgada com detecção por comparação visual com padrões. Para verificar a possível contaminação de produtos de tomate comercializados com aflatoxinas foram analisadas 63 amostras de produtos de tomate (polpa, extrato, purê, catchup, tomate desidratado e tomate seco conservado em óleo) provenientes de 5 Estados e uma do exterior, compreendendo 29 marcas. A avaliação do método para determinação das aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate resultou em uma recuperação médía de 86%, para as quatro aflatoxinas, em dois níveis de adição. Os limites de detecção para as aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2 variaram entre 2 e 7 mg/Kg dependendo do tipo de produto. As aflatoxinas não foram detectadas em nenhuma das amostras analisadas
Abstract: A recent report on the presence of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in tomato pulp from a Brazilian plant caused concern about the possible presence of mycotoxins in tomato products from local plants. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are known producers of aflatoxins, a group of toxins with hepatotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. In the present work a thin layer chromatographic method with visual detection for the determination of aflatoxins in tomato products was adapted and evaluated. In order to verify a possible contamination of tomato products with aflatoxins, 63 samples of tomato products (pulp, paste, purée, catsup, dehydrated tomato and dried tomatoes in oil preserve) from 5 states and one from abroad, totaling 29 brands, were analyzed. The method evaluation showed an average recovery of 86%, for all four aflatoxins, at two levels of addition. The detection limits for the aflatoxins 81, 82, G1 e G2 ranged from 2 and 7 mg/Kg depending on the type of product. Aflatoxins were not detected in any of the samples analyzed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

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Cotty, Peter J. « Aflatoxin Contamination : Variability and Management ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208346.

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Mapping aflatoxin contamination in the field reveals that most toxin occurs in relatively few, highly contaminated, bolls. Several studies suggest that protection of early bolls from pink bollworm damage will eliminate many of these highly contaminated bolls. Early harvest will also help reduce aflatoxin contamination. However, the crop must still be carefully managed after harvest because toxin content of mature bolls can increase very rapidly.

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Cotty, P. J., D. R. Howell, C. Bock et A. Tellez. « Aflatoxin Contamination of Bt Cottonseed ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211132.

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Transgenic Bt cotton may have reduced susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination as a result of pink bollworm resistance. During 1995 and 1996, Bt cottonseed from several commercial fields in Arizona contained aflatoxin levels unacceptable for dairy use. Comparison of cottonseed with and without BGYF (bright-green-yellow fluorescence) from one highly contaminated (> 6,000 ppb aflatoxin Bj) Bt seed lot indicated that most contamination probably resulted from exposure of mature cotton to high humidity. Seed exhibiting BGYF was repeatedly detected in Bt cottonseed lots but, pink bollworm exit holes were not observed in the field. A field plot test in 1996 demonstrated high resistance among Bt cultivars to both pink bollworm damage and formation of BGYF seed cotton. These observations suggest that resistance to pink bollworm will result in reduced aflaaoxin contamination when pink bollworm pressure coincides with conditions conducive to Aspergillus flavus infection. However, Bt cultivars are not resistant to aflatoxin increases occurring after boll opening and large quantities aflatoxin can form during this period. If insect control provided by Bt cultivars leads growers to hold crops in the field longer, most advantages of Bt cotton in aflatoxin management may be lost. Combined use of Bt cultivars and atoxigenic strains of A. flavus may result in the most reliable control of aflatoxin contamination.

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Waltman, Lindsey. « Effect of Squestering Agents on Aflatoxin in Milk of Dairy Cows Fed Aflatoxin-contaminated Diets ». NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07172008-121019/.

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Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to determine the potential of experimental sequestering agents, clays or non-digestible yeast oligosaccharides, to reduce milk aflatoxin concentration in lactating Holstein cows consuming aflatoxin. All EXP included two periods in a randomized block design. Cows were fed an aflatoxin-contaminated total mixed ration (TMR) for both periods of all trials. During the first period, cows received no sequestering agents in the TMR, but agents were included in the TMR for the second period. EXP 1 and 2 consisted of two 7 d periods with 12 cows per treatment. Milk aflatoxin (AFM1) concentrations were analyzed by HPLC for milk samples collected on d 5 to 7 and d 11 to 13. Two treatments in EXP 1 were: 1) control (no sequestering agent n=12), and 2) 100g/cow/day Lallemand n=12. Four treatments in EXP 2 were: control (no sequestering agent) n=12, 2) 10g/cow/day MTB-100Â® (2004) n=12 (Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY), 3) 10g/cow/day MTB-100Â® 2006 n=12 (Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) n=12, and 4) 10g/day/cow Alltech experimental (Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) n=12. EXP 3 consisted of two 8 d periods and included 14 cows. Milk samples from d 4 to 8 and d 11 to 16 were analyzed for AFM1 concentrations by ELISA. Three treatments in EXP 3 were: 1) control (no sequestering agent) n=4, 2) MTB-100Â® 2006 (Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) n=5 and 3) Astra-Ben 20AÂ® (AB-20AÂ®) (Prince Agri Products, Inc., Quincy, IL) n=5.For all EXPs, the percent differences in AFM1 concentrations between periods 1 and 2 were calculated. All percent differences were normalized using a correction factor that converted values for controls to zero. The changes from zero (%) due to sequestering agents were considered significant at P < 0.05. In EXP 1, the addition of a mixture of NYO-A and diatomite-montmorillonite resulted in a 5.2% numerical increase in AFM1 concentration. In EXP 2, MTB-100Â® (2004), MTB-100Â® (2006), and Alltech experimental product resulted in 8.0%, 6.2%, and 9.5% numerical increases in AFM1 concentrations respectively. In EXP 3, MTB-100Â® (2006) resulted in a 5.1% numerical decrease in AFM1 concentrations, and AB-20AÂ® resulted in a 60.4% significant decrease in AFM1 concentrations. In summary, the AB-20AÂ® in EXP 3 reduced AFM1 concentrations (P=0.01). There were no significant changes (P>0.25) in AFM1 concentrations in response to sequestering agents other than AB-20AÂ®.

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Navas, Sandra Aparecida. « Possivel exposição de crianças as aflatoxina M1 e ocratoxina A, atraves do leite materno, na cidade de São Paulo ». [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256162.

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Orientador: Delia B. Rodriguez-Amaya
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T02:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Navas_SandraAparecida_M.pdf: 2479689 bytes, checksum: 059ad37b33bafb968f424afd2d492264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo: Tendo em vista o fato das crianças serem mais sensíveis aos efeitos adversos de aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) e ocratoxina A (OTA) comparativamente aos adultos, este trabalho teve como objetivo padronizar metodologia para determinação de AFM1 e OTA em leite matemo, avaliar a incidência das citadas toxinas em Banco de Leite Humano do Hospital Regional Sul, da cidade de São Paulo, e correlacionar os resultados obtidos com a alimentação consumida pelas mães. Os métodos estabelecidos para a determinação de AFM1 e OT A envolveram extração da AFM1 com metanol e OT A com bicarbonato de sódio 1 % e metanol, seguido da limpeza por colunas de imunoafinidade com anticorpos especificos para cada micotoxina e separação por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e quantificação com detector de fluorescência. A confirmação de AFM1 foi realizada através da reação de derivatização com ácido trifluoroacético (TFA) e para OTA por meio da reação de derivatização com ácido clorídrico concentrado (HCI). O método estabelecido para AFM1 apresentou porcentagem de recuperação e coeficiente de variação de 93,6% e 17,S%, respectivamente para a contaminação de 0,01 ng/mL. Para o método de OTA, os valores correspondentes são 83,9% e 14,1% no mesmo nível de contaminação (0,01 ng/mL). O limite de quantificação para ambos os métodos foi de 0,01 ng/mL. Do total de SO amostras analisadas, apenas uma continha a AFM1 (2% do total), em nível de 0,024 ng/mL e duas com OTA (4% do total), em nível de 0,011 e 0,024 ng/mL. Portanto, houve baixa incidência de AFM1 e OTA em leite materno proveniente do Banco de Leite do Hospital Regional Sul da cidade de São Paulo
Abstract: Since infants are more susceptible than adults to the adverse effects of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) , this work was carried out to establish and evaluate methods for the determination of AFM1 and OT A in human milk collected by the Human Milk Bank of the Southern Regional Hospital, city of São Paulo, and correlate the incidence of these mycotoxins to the mothers' diets, information obtained through a questionnaire. The methods established for the determination of AFM1 and OT A involved the extraction of AFM1 with methanol and OT A with 1 % sodium bicarbonate and methanol, followed by clean-up with immunoaffinity columns with antibodies specific for each mycotoxin and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. Confirmation of the identity of AFM1 was carried out by derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and of OT A by derivatization with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCI). The method established for AFM1 had mean recovery percentage and coefficient of variation of 93.6% and 17.5%, respectively, at the contamination levei of 0.01 ng/mL. For the OTA method, the corresponding values were 83.9% and 14.1% at the same levei of contamination. The limit of quantification for both methods was 0.01 ng/mL. Of a total of 50 samples analyzed, only one was contaminated with AFM1 (2%), at 0.024 ng/mL and two with OTA at 0.011 and 0.024 ng/ml. There was low incidence of AFM1 and OT A, therefore, in human milk from the Milk Bank of the Southern Regional Hospital, city of São Paulo
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

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Stroud, Jillian Summer. « The Effect of Feed Additives on Aflatoxin in Milk of Dairy Cows Fed Aflatoxin-Contaminated Diets ». NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07262006-181138/.

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Sixty lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated block experiment to determine the efficacy of eight feed additives to reduce the transfer of aflatoxin (AF) from feed to milk. Six cows were allocated to each treatment group and 12 to a control group. All cows were fed the same aflatoxin-contaminated total mixed ration (TMR) with either no additive (control) or one of eight additives at 0.5% of the TMR dry matter (DM). Milk samples were collected twice daily to evaluate changes in milk AF concentration, milk AF excretion (milk AF concentration × milk yield); and AF transfer from feed to milk (AF excretion as a percentage of AF intake). All changes were expressed as percentages and calculated relative to the control group which defined zero change. Four of the eight additives resulted in significant reductions (P < 0.05) in milk AF concentration, secretion, and AF transfer ranging from 34.98-40.39%, 36.36-52.28%, and 34.45-48.44%, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) by the consumption of AF, while milk production was not affected during the same time period. Neither DMI nor milk production were affected by the addition of treatment products to the diet when compared to control (P > 0.05).

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Rodríguez, Blanco María. « Mycotoxin risk in dairy farms : feedstuffs contamination, aflatoxin transference to milk and thermal stability of aflatoxin M1 ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667885.

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Les micotoxines són metabòlits secundaris tòxics produïts per fongs filaments que poden contaminar una àmplia varietat de productes agrícoles tant en etapes precollita com en etapes postcollita. La gestió de la contaminació per micotoxines durant la cadena de producció de la llet és essencial per evitar la presència d'aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) en la llet com a conseqüència de l'exposició d'animals productors de llet a pinsos contaminats per aflatoxina B1 (AFB1). L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi va ser l'estudi de la contaminació per micotoxines en pinsos i ingredients per a pinsos per a vaques lleteres i la seva transferència a la llet. La presència d'aflatoxines i micotoxines de Fusarium es va avaluar mitjançant l'anàlisi de mostres de ració total barrejada (TMR) i diferents tipus d'ensitjats per a vaques lleteres. Mostres de llet procedents de vaques alimentades amb les mostres de TMR recollides es van analitzar per estimar la transferència de AFB1 en el pinso a AFM1 en la llet. Per saber si el tractament tèrmic afecta el contingut de AFM1 en la llet durant el seu processat, es van provar diferents tractaments tèrmics en llet contaminada natural i artificialment.
Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios tóxicos producidos por hongos filamentos que pueden contaminar una amplia variedad de productos agrícolas tanto en etapas precosecha como en etapas poscosecha. La gestión de la contaminación por micotoxinas durante la cadena de producción de la leche es esencial para evitar la presencia de aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) en la leche como consecuencia de la exposición de animales productores de leche a piensos contaminados por aflatoxina B1 (AFB1). El objetivo de esta tesis fue el estudio de la contaminación por micotoxinas en piensos e ingredientes para piensos para vacas lecheras y su transferencia a la leche. La presencia de aflatoxinas y micotoxinas de Fusarium se evaluó mediante el análisis de muestras de ración total mezclada (TMR) y diferentes tipos de ensilados para vacas lecheras. Muestras de leche procedentes de vacas alimentadas con las muestras de TMR recogidas se analizaron para estimar la transferencia de AFB1 en el pienso a AFM1 en la leche. Para saber si el tratamiento térmico afecta al contenido de AFM1 en la leche durante su procesado, se probaron diferentes tratamientos térmicos en leche contaminada natural y artificialmente.
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi which can contaminate a wide variety of agricultural commodities either at pre-harvest or post-harvest stages. Through the milk supply chain, the management of mycotoxin contamination is essential in order to avoid the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk as a consequence of the exposure of lactating animals to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated feed. The aim of this Thesis was to evaluate the mycotoxin contamination of feed and feed ingredients for dairy cows and their transference to milk. The occurrence of aflatoxins and Fusarium mycotoxins was evaluated through the analysis of total mixed ration (TMR) samples and different types of silages for dairy cows. Milk samples collecting from cows fed with the sampled TMR were analysed so as to estimate the transference of AFB1 form feed to AFM1 in milk. In order to know whether heat treatment affect to the AFM1 content in milk during processing, different heat treatments were tested in artificially and naturally contaminated milk.

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Livres sur le sujet "Aflatoxin"

United States. Federal Grain Inspection Service. Aflatoxin handbook. Washington : The Service, 1992.

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United States. Federal Grain Inspection Service. Aflatoxin handbook. Washington, DC : USDA Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration, Federal Grain Inspection Service, 2002.

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Gilbert, J. The certification of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and total aflatoxin content of two peanut-butter reference materials CRM385,401. Luxembourg : Commission of the European Communities, 1991.

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Thompson, Rebecca. Aflatoxin contamination : January 1982 - March 1989 : 383 citations. Beltsville, Md : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1989.

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Agronomy, American Society of. Aflatoxin control : Safeguarding animal feed with calcium smectite. Sous la direction de Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2013.

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Lau, Grace S. N. Metabolic activation of drugs and other xenobiotics in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hong Kong : Chinese University Press, 1997.

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Robens, Jane F. A perspective on aflatoxin in field crops and animal food products in the United States : A symposium. Washington, D.C : USDA-ARS, 1990.

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Aflatoxin, Contamination of Groundnut (International Workshop) (1987 Patancheru India). Aflatoxin Contaminationof Groundnut : Proceedings of the International Workshop 6-9 Oct 1987, ICRISAT Centre, India. Patancheru : International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics, 1989.

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Lantbruksuniversitet, Sveriges, dir. Biotransformation and retention of aflatoxin B1 in extrahepatic tissues of various animal species. Uppsala : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1994.

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Egmond, H. P. van. The certification of aflatoxin M1 in 3 milk powder samples : CRM nos.282,284,285. Luxembourg : Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Aflatoxin"

Gooch, Jan W. « Aflatoxin ». Dans Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 872. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13073.

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Muaz, Khurram, Suryyia Manzoor, Saeed Akhtar, Muhammad Riaz, Mamoona Amir, Kashif Akram et Amir Ismail. « Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ». Dans Aflatoxins in Food, 19–40. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85762-2_2.

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Goto, Tetsuhisa, Masaru Manabe, Shinji Matsuura et Dennis D. H. Hsieh. « Aflatoxin in milk ». Dans Diagnosis of Mycotoxicoses, 103–11. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4235-6_10.

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Kelly, Vincent P., Tania O'Connor, Elizabeth M. Ellis, Linda S. Ireland, Cara M. Slattery, Philip J. Sherratt, Dorothy H. Crouch et al. « Aflatoxin Aldehyde Reductases ». Dans ACS Symposium Series, 155–70. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0865.ch011.

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Bhatnagar, D., P. J. Cotty et T. E. Cleveland. « Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination ». Dans ACS Symposium Series, 272–92. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0528.ch022.

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Groopman, John D., et Gerald N. Wogan. « Aflatoxin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma ». Dans Chemical Carcinogenesis, 113–33. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-995-6_6.

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Eaton, David L. « Aflatoxin Biotransformation and Toxicology ». Dans Molecular and Applied Aspects of Oxidative Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, 195–209. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4855-3_14.

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da Silva, Sabrina Baleixo, Jhonatas Rodrigues Barbosa, Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Vinicius Sidonio Vale Moraes, Carissa Michelle Goltara Bichara, Fernanda Rafaele Santos Sousa, Estela Sousa da Cruz et Alessandra Santos Lopes. « Microbial Degradation of Aflatoxin ». Dans Recent Advances in Microbial Degradation, 1–18. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0518-5_1.

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Srour, Ali Y., Ahmad M. Fakhoury et Robert L. Brown. « Targeting Aflatoxin Biosynthetic Genes ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 159–71. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6707-0_10.

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Park, Douglas L. « Effect of Processing on Aflatoxin ». Dans Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 173–79. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0629-4_17.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Aflatoxin"

Aboumaalie, Dana Abdalla, et Samir Jaoua. « Monitoring the Presence and Investigation of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Poultry Feed and its Products ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0102.

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Contaminating poultry feed and their products with mycotoxins produced by fungi may cause many health effects on animals and human if they were at high concentrations. Therefore, it is imperative to regularly monitor the concentration of mycotoxins specially aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in the poultry feed and their products. In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus flavus was the major contaminant using DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis. Using ELISA kit for ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin A did not exceed the detection limit 50 ng/kg but in one sample has exceeded the European Union maximum limit for aflatoxins of 20 μg/kg through the ELISA aflatoxin All kit. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in chicken liver samples using ELISA aflatoxin B1. Almost all samples were contaminated with fungi but only 4 feed samples showed aflatoxin concentration within the detection limit. Furthere experiments should be done on different liver samples in Qatar to chek the probability of this presence.

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Grajdieru, Cristina. « Molecular identification of Aflatoxin-producing aspergillus strains in maize seed-material ». Dans International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.66.

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Toxigenic fungi are part of soil microbiota and natural inhabitants of agrocenosises and crops. Aflatoxins produced by several Aspergillus species are hazardous biological compounds known as potent carcinogens. Using PCR-based assays, a successful identification of toxigenic A. flavus and A. parasiticus strain was performed. Fungal genome sequences associated with aflatoxin production as target sequences were proved to be effective for identification of toxigenic Aspergillus species.

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Prihantoro, E. A. B., E. Saepudin et T. A. Ivandini. « Purification of aflatoxin B1 antibody for the development of aflatoxin biosensor ». Dans INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2016 (ISCPMS 2016) : Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Current Progress in Mathematics and Sciences 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4991180.

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Villaça, Renan Cintra, Heloisa Geovana Guedes et Beatriz Essenfelder Borges. « CÂNCER HEPÁTICO CAUSADO PELA CONTAMINAÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS POR AFLATOXINA B1 : UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA ». Dans I Congresso Nacional Multidisciplinar de Oncologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1585.

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Introdução: A Aflatoxina B1 (AB1) é uma micotoxina produzida pelos fungos da espécie Aspergillus flavus, os quais se desenvolvem em cultivos e alimentos armazenados. O consumo de produtos agrícolas contaminados com essas toxinas é considerado um importante fator de risco para o câncer hepático em seres humanos. Após a ingestão, a AB1 se concentra na membrana dos hepatócitos e sofre bioativação ao ser transformada em um pró-carcinógeno, denominado AFB1- epóxido, configurando-se como uma grande preocupação à saúde pública e economia mundial. Objetivo: Descrever a ocorrência de carcinoma hepático desencadeado por Aflatoxina presente em alimentos. Material e métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico baseada nos termos “Aflatoxin” e “Hepatic tumors” em inglês e português. Resultados: A ingestão de Aflatoxina B1, de forma moderada e crônica, contribui para o desencadeamento de carcinoma hepatocelular, com prevalência em países emergentes, como o Brasil. O desenvolvimento desta micotoxina em alimentos é oportunizado pela proliferação de Aspergillus flavus, fungos de alta toxicidade, devido a condições biologicamente favoráveis para esse processo durante as etapas de cultivo, colheita, armazenamento e transporte de produtos agrícolas. A literatura relata que o composto, AFB1 - epóxido, resultante da biotransformação da AB1 no fígado, se liga ao DNA e desencadeia efeitos mutagênicos e carcinogênicos nesse tecido. Esses efeitos atuam na destruição do gene supressor de tumores p53, o qual passa a acelerar a proliferação das células ao perder a função de regular a duplicação celular, desencadeando um câncer hepático. Conclusão: É fundamental o cumprimento do Manual de Boas Práticas Agrícolas a fim de garantir a produção de alimentos isentos de metabólico tóxico proveniente do fungo Aspergillus flavus, reduzindo a incidência de câncer hepático.

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Kuna, Tibor, et Urban Bren. « Carcinogenesis induced by Aflatoxin B1 : A computational study ». Dans 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2015.7367645.

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Lian, Fei-yu, et Hong-yi Ge. « Aflatoxin B1 Detected by Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy ». Dans 2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ameii-15.2015.8.

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Shi, Jing, Wanying Song, Meihui Jin, Wenlong Li, Ziyu Liu, Tingting Wang, Yu Liu, Yong Tan et Hongxing Cai. « Raman spectrum calculation and analysis of aflatoxin B1 ». Dans 2013 International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano.2013.6737376.

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Zha, Yubing, Yueping Su, Chunliang G, Yingqiang Huang, Xiaofang Wang, Ling Lin et Shaodong Zeng. « Determination of Aflatoxin contaminants in chrysanthemum by HPLC ». Dans 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.92.

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Zhao, Zhong-Yuan, Fei-Yu Lian et Yuan Zhang. « Aflatoxin B1 detected by Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy ». Dans 2015 8th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2015.7408068.

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« Aflatoxin Reduction in Corn by Cleaning and Sorting ». Dans 2014 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141890901.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Aflatoxin"

Tan, Kaiming. Aflatoxin and Its Toxic Tragedies in Kenya. Journal of Young Investigators, août 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.38.2.10-12.

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Meijer, Nathan, Gijs Kleter, Rosa Amalia Safitri, Monique de Nijs, Marie-Luise Rau, Ria Derkx, Joke Webbink, Marijn Post, Yuca Waarts et Ine van der Fels-Klerx. The aflatoxin situation in Africa : Systematic literature review. Wageningen : RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/476846.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. The role of mycotoxin contamination in nutrition : The aflatoxin story. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896295933_08.

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Magnan, Nicholas, Vivian Hoffmann, Gissele Garrido, Faniel Akwasi Kanyam et Nelson Opoku. Information, technology, and market rewards : Incentivizing aflatoxin control in Ghana. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133451.

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Durant, J. T. Evaluation of ELISA screening test for detecting aflatoxin in biogenic dust samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/573251.

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Hoffmann, Vivian, Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Charity Mutegi et Tim Herrman. Technologies and strategies for aflatoxin control in Kenya : A synthesis of emerging evidence. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133582.

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Hoffmann, Vivian, Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Charity Mutegi et Tim Herrman. Technologies and strategies for aflatoxin control in Ghana : A synthesis of emerging evidence. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133583.

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Thomas, Timothy S., Richard D. Robertson et Kenneth J. Boote. Evaluating risk of aflatoxin field contamination from climate change using new modules inside DSSAT. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133372.

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Bond, Tiziana C., Allan Chang et Jenny Zhou. Real-time, in-situ detection of volatile profiles for the prevention of aflatoxin fungal contamination in pistachios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octobre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1409982.

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Alam, Tariq, Daniel J. Anco et Sachin Rustgi. Management of Aflatoxins in Peanut. Clemson University, juin 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/report7.

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