Articles de revues sur le sujet « Agile MDA »

Software design based on Model Driven Architecture can be essentially improved including agile principles as immediate execution and test first development. This paper shows how a concrete tool, the ComDeValCo framework, has been constructed and enhanced to support such an approach. The paper discusses in detail how the constructs for component models and for the dynamic execution environment have been introduced.

With all of its systems in a state of flux, Albania in 1998 is on the brink of transformational change. Agile practices introduced through the higher education system have the potential to make new and current business ventures competitive in the global market economy. This paper details a plan to introduce and achieve a national awareness of Agility through the relatively stable higher education order. Agile practices are advocated to strengthen and increase the quality and quantity of higher education first. In turn, this system would be used to train business and industry in Agile practices. Through interaction with MBA students and planned business-education partnerships, Albania's entry into the free market economy would be both guaranteed and facilitated.

Subject area Agile software development, Knowledge workers and Lean thinking as a management system Study level/applicability The case lends itself to students of business management, or aspiring consultants, who have been exposed to operations management in general and Lean thinking specifically. It is an advanced case study, assuming prior knowledge in these subjects and approaches the subject matter from an organisational development point of view, rather than a pure operations point of view. It is thus well suited to an elective on operational excellence on an MBA or in executive education courses in Lean thinking Case overview The case starts with Mark, manager of a software development team, hearing that he will have budget for two new developers who will join his team in the coming year. While the extra help could be useful, he was considering what the impact of new people would be on the productivity of the team, which he felt was already stretched. Mark continues to consider the entire development chain and how code changes were implemented to ACSESim’s (the company’s primary product) graphical user interfaces. Having recently been acquired by an American company, he was also under pressure to start to adopt some of the parent company’s systems, which would constitute a fairly disruptive, but necessary, change, particularly for future collaborations with other developers in the parent company. With two new developers, experience taught Mark that development could slow down owing to training efforts. To minimise disruption, he was wondering about how to get the new developers up-to-speed quickly and streamline their operations within a changing corporate environment. The case highlights the different mechanisms that were in place at ACSESim, including the use of issue trackers; Kanban boards; version control software; automated systems; stand-up meetings, etc. Each of these mechanisms is discussed briefly and shows the value they added to the development practices that were in place. This also allows students to understand Agile practices and what Lean thinking might mean in a knowledge work environment and then to consider what the proposed changes might mean and how they could be deployed. Expected learning outcomes To gain an understanding of how Lean and Agile principles can be applied in a software development environment and Lean knowledge work in general To consider the best way to manage new hires so that they can become productive in a Lean or Agile software development environment, whilst dealing with pressures to migrate to new systems. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS: 9: Operations and Logistics.

Beberapa tahun lalu dalam suatu forum, al-Qur‟an dibacakan dengan lagu (nada) atau langgam yang tidak biasa, yaitu langgam Jawa. Tentu saja ini langsung menuai polemik di kalangan para ulama di Indonesia. Ini tentu saja menarik untuk dikaji, sehingga menjadi rumusan masalah untuk diteliti antara lain: (1) siapa saja ulama yang kontra dengan membaca al-Qur‟an dengan langgam Jawa, apa dan bagaimana argumennya? (2) siapa saja ulama yang pro atau setuju dengan membaca al-Qur‟an dengan langgam Jawa, apa dan bagaimana argumennya? (3) bagaimana persamaan dan perbedaan di antara kedua kelompok ulama yang berbeda pandangan ini? Artikel ini dari kajian riset yang bersifat kualitatif dengan sumber data primer berupa pandangan para tokoh ulama yang terlibat dalam pro dan kontra mengenai melagukan al-Qur‟an dengan langgam Jawa. Ditemukan hasil riset berupa; Pertama, para ulama yang kontra dalam hal ini diantaranya: Prof. Dr. KH. Agil Husin Munawwar, M.A, Habib Riziq Syihab, M.A, Ust. H. Tengku Zulkarnain, Muammar ZA, dan Hj. Maria Ulfah, M.A, dengan alasan Al-Qur‟an adalah kitab suci Allah, tidak dapat dipadukan dengan langgam selain langgam yang telah disepakati jumhûr „ulama. Kedua, di anatara ulama al-Qur‟an yang pro terhadap langgam Jawa ini diantaranya: Dr. Ahsin Sakho Muhammad, M.A, Prof. Dr. Quraish Shihab, M.A, Prof. KH. Ali Mustafa Ya‟qub, dan M.A, Prof. Dr. KH. Ma‟ruf Amin, M.A dengan alasan boleh saja melagukan al-Qur‟an dengan langgam lain (Jawa) asalkan tidak keluar dari Tajwid yang benar dan tidak memaksakan langgam tersebut hingga menlanggar tajwid. Selain itu, ada juga ulama yang berpandangan moderat diantaranya Dr. KH. Ahmad Fathoni, Lc, M.A dan Romlah Widayati, dengan alasan melagukan al-Qur‟an dengan langgam apapun boleh, namun ini jangan dibesar-besarkan, dikhawatirkan akan merusak kaidah tajwid. Karena standar membaca al-Qur‟an itu tartil. Ketiga, persamaan kelompak yang setuju dan tidak setuju, sama-sama mengutamakan membaca al-Qur‟an dengan tajwid. Adapun perbedaannya, kelompok yang membolehkan al-Quran langgam Jawa, sebenarnya membolehkan dengan syarat tidak keluar dari aturan tajwid, sementara kelompok yang menolak langgam Jawa, adalah menolak langgam yang dapat menghinakan al-Qur‟an dan jika melanggar tajwid.

The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to determine the essence, advantages and disadvantages of business’s digital transformation, describe the importance of business-process management through its digital transformation, define the nature, types and capabilities of CRM-systems, identify and describe trends in their development, analyze the results of prior researches and select the most popular CRM-systems, as well as research for existing problems of using defined CRM-systems, suggest recommendations for eliminating shortcomings of existing CRM-systems. Analyses results. The coronavirus pandemic has forced companies to rapidly change business processes and shift to remote work, which in turn has led to widespread using of CRM systems in customer relationship management. The modern market offers different goods and services, but they are mostly similar in many ways. The question is how to keep the customer for a long time? The introduction of CRM systems will help answer this question. The definition of CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management, which refers to all the strategies, methods, tools and technologies that a business uses to develop, retain and attract customers. Customer Relationship Management is a special approach of doing business, where the first priority of the company is to focus on the client. The main purpose of the CRM strategy is to create a single ecosystem, which helps to attract new and develop existing customers. Managing relationships means attracting new customers, turning neutral customers into loyal ones, and forming business partners from regular customers. The concept of CRM means that separate business tools are combined into a well-established system. CRM includes programs for collecting customer’s data, managing transactions, control and monitoring manager’s decisions, analytics and forecasting. The article considers the essence of modern transformation of business processes, their advantages and disadvantages, defines the concepts, types, existing opportunities and trends in CRM-systems. The article analyses the experts’ opinions of the most popular modern CRM-systems and generalizes its shortcomings, measures the main elimination of revealed problems. The article conducted a study based on a survey of experts, the main purpose of which was to identify the share of popular CRM-systems among consumers, as well as to identify the main problems and limitations of these systems. Conclusions and directions for further research. The main goal of the CRM strategy is to create a single ecosystem for attracting new customers and developing existing ones. The main tasks of CRM-systems include: attracting new customers through various channels, communication, choice of interaction strategy, Purchase funnel, document management, closing sales, re-communication and analytics of the company. There are three types of CRM systems: desktop, client-server and cloud systems. The main trends in CRM systems development include: increasing usage of artificial intelligence, service automation, data integration, usage of blockchains and social CRM-system, a large number of different applied subsystems and voice interface. The most popular systems are proved to be: Agile CRM, Salesforce Sales Cloud, Zoho CRM, Dynamics 365 and Bitrix24. The main problems of existing CRM-systems can be identified as: slow work on query processing and data output; wasting time on system administration; a large number of built-in tools increases the time to get used with the system; high cost of service, etc. Prospects for further development of CRM-systems include: integration with Big Data and AI; usage of voice technologies as a method for increasing operational efficiency; usage of data from social networks; as well as the creation of a single and common approach of customer identification. In the future, vendors should simplify their product versions and reduce the number of tools to basic, which will reduce the monthly fee for service, as well as speed up data processing by the system, due to the lack of unnecessary add-ons. On the other hand, companies that use CRM systems in their daily work should pay more attention to the integration CRM systems with social networks, which contain essential share of information about their target audience and existing customers.

Subject area Leadership and team building, Human resource management, Organizational behavior. Study level/applicability The case may be most useful for MBA or any other PG level courses, particularly in human resource management, team leadership, motivation and morale. The Case could also be appropriate in the courses that cover General Management or Business Management, Executive Education Programs. This case can also be taught to the middle level and senior level managers in Management Development Programs. Case overview The case study describes the leadership lessons drawn from the role of Kattappa in the movie Baahubali. He took bold decisions to save the Mahishmati kingdom from Bijjaladeva. Being a slave and agile swordsman, he obeyed all the orders of the king of the realm. He made strategic decisions which resulted in positive outcomes for the kingdom. His leadership style can be linked with the theories of servant leadership style. The case tells us about some selected instances from the movies Baahubali: The Beginning and Baahubali 2: The Conclusion, which had happened with Kattappa which can be used to understand the different principles and philosophy of servant leadership. Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are as follows: to understand the different dimensions and essential skills of servant leadership; to analyze and learn the servant leadership style from the role of Kattappa; and to evaluate the appropriateness of servant leadership in context to other leadership styles. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.

Learning outcomes Learning outcomes are eliminating usual options for a turnaround, understanding how organizations can respond to adverse industry /market changes through cost and productivity management, managing strategic cost control turnaround deployed across a company, turning a huge threat into an opportunity and the role of leadership in driving strategic cost management and importance of internal communication and buy-in for a successful implementation. Case overview/synopsis Ashok Leyland Ltd. is the 2nd largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles in India, the 4th largest manufacturer of buses in the world and the 12th largest manufacturer of trucks globally. Vinod Dasari joined this company in 2005, and since 2011, he has been the MD and CEO of the company. This case is about restaging of this company that commenced in the year 2013 when the company was heading toward a loss for the very first time in its 65 plus years of history. Ashok Leyland was heaving under its own weight, saddled with overheads, grappling with intense competition from old and new players and struggling to become agile and meet the new challenges in the market. A potential loss of up to Rs 750 crores (US$123m) looked inevitable. The challenges were that major structural changes were required and the company needed not only a transformational change but also a surgery. The company had to come up with savings of Rs 750 crores (US$123m) annually to avoid making losses. The projection of 54,000 unit sales volumes be achieved. Internal communication and buying in by all employees. This case outlines the path chosen by Dasari to restage, turn around, overcome the challenges and deal with employee resistance. Complexity academic level This study is applicable for MBA programs in business strategy, strategic marketing, international marketing and BBA programs in business strategy, strategic marketing and international marketing. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Komputer pada era globalisasi saat ini menjadi kebutuhan utama dalam menunjang kerja-kerja manusia. Salah satu cabang ilmu komputer yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh manusia untuk membantu kerjanya adalah pembentukan sistem pakar yang merupakan salah satu sub bidang ilmu kecerdasan buatan [1]. Salah satu pemanfaatan sistem pakar adalah dalam bidang kedokteran gigi. Terbukti dengan munculnya penelitian I Nyoman Kusuma Wardana bertajuk perancangan sistem pakar untuk diagnosa penyakit mulut dan gigi menggunakan bahasa pemrograman CLIPS yang dipublikasikan pada Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi yang diadakan di Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta 21 Juni 2008. Aplikasi ini tampil dengan interface berupa pertanyaan-pertanyaan tertutup tentang gejala yang dirasakan oleh user sehingga tidak memaksimalkan hasil diagnosa yang didapat. Sistem pakar ini juga menjadi pengembangan dari penelitian Bambang Suyono (Seminar Nasional Informatika UPN Yogyakarta 22 Mei 2010) yang memiliki kekurangan pada penggunaan metode penelusuran depth first search sehingga tidak mampu menampilkan dua atau beberapa solusi [3], padahal dalam mendiagnosa penyakit terkadang seorang dokter menetapkan diagnosa banding. Hal inilah yang mendorong penulis mengembangkan sistem aplikasi tersebut dengan memperbaiki segala kekurangan yang ada. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah Extreme Programming (XP) yang merupakan bagian dari metode AGILE [7], terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu, Planning, Design, Coding, Test dan release [8]. Penelitian ini menggunakan software PHP versi 5.3.5 sebagai bahasa pemrograman, MYSQL versi 5.0.7 sebagai database dan keduanya terdapat dalam satu paket localhost XAMPP versi 1.7.4, sementara design aplikasi ini menggunakan Microsoft Office Front Page 2003. Sistem operasi yang digunakan penulis adalah Microsoft Windows Vista dan Personal Computer (PC) dengan spesifikasi, prosesor Intel Pentium Dual Core, RAM 1 GB dan Hard disk 160 GB. Kelebihan sistem pakar ini dari sistem sebelumnya adalah cakupan diagnosa penyakit gigi dan mulut yang lebih banyak, tampilan lebih interaktif serta mampu menentukan diagnosa banding dari kedekatan gejala yang menyertai penyakit gigi dan mulut.Kata kunci: Extreme Programming (XP), Sistem Pakar, Penyakit Gigi dan Mulut

Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the plasticity of macrophages and how these cells contribute to the development of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, with a particular focus on allergic and autoimmune disorders. The critical roles of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation will then be examined, emphasizing the ability of macrophages to clear apoptotic immune cells. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-driven spectrum of diseases where persistent inflammation results in synovial hyperplasia and excessive immune cell accumulation, leading to remodeling and reduced function in affected joints. Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of RA, driving episodic cycles of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. RA patients have increased numbers of active M1 polarized pro-inflammatory macrophages and few or inactive M2 type cells. This imbalance in macrophage homeostasis is a main contributor to pro-inflammatory mediators in RA, resulting in continual activation of immune and stromal populations and accelerated tissue remodeling. Modulation of macrophage phenotype and function remains a key therapeutic goal for the treatment of this disease. Intriguingly, therapeutic intervention with glucocorticoids or other DMARDs promotes the re-polarization of M1 macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype; this reprogramming is dependent on metabolic changes to promote phenotypic switching. Allergic asthma is associated with Th2-polarised airway inflammation, structural remodeling of the large airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Macrophage polarization has a profound impact on asthma pathogenesis, as the response to allergen exposure is regulated by an intricate interplay between local immune factors including cytokines, chemokines and danger signals from neighboring cells. In the Th2-polarized environment characteristic of allergic asthma, high levels of IL-4 produced by locally infiltrating innate lymphoid cells and helper T cells promote the acquisition of an alternatively activated M2a phenotype in macrophages, with myriad effects on the local immune response and airway structure. Targeting regulators of macrophage plasticity is currently being pursued in the treatment of allergic asthma and other allergic diseases. Macrophages promote the re-balancing of pro-inflammatory responses towards pro-resolution responses and are thus central to the success of an inflammatory response. It has long been established that apoptosis supports monocyte and macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation, facilitating subsequent corpse clearance. This drives resolution responses and mediates a phenotypic switch in the polarity of macrophages. However, the role of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEV) in the recruitment and control of macrophage phenotype has received remarkably little attention. ACdEV are powerful mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a wealth of lipid and protein mediators that may modulate macrophage phenotype, including a cargo of active immune-modulating enzymes. The impact of such interactions may result in repair or disease in different contexts. In this review, we will discuss the origin, characterization, and activity of macrophages in sterile inflammatory diseases and the underlying mechanisms of macrophage polarization via ACdEV and apoptotic cell clearance, in order to provide new insights into therapeutic strategies that could exploit the capabilities of these agile and responsive cells.

IntroductionThis essay considers three design projects as microprotests. Reflecting on the ways design practice can generate spaces, sites and methods of protest, we use the concept of microprotest to consider how we, as designers ourselves, can protest by scaling down, focussing, slowing down and paying attention to the edges of our practice. Design microprotest is a form of design activism that is always collaborative, takes place within a community, and involves careful translation of a political conversation. While microprotest can manifest in any design discipline, in this essay we focus on visual communication design. In particular we consider the deep, reflexive practice of listening as the foundation of microprotests in visual communication design.While small in scale and fleeting in duration, these projects express rich and deep political engagements through conversations that create and maintain safe spaces. While many design theorists (Julier; Fuad-Luke; Clarke; Irwin et al.) have done important work to contextualise activist design as a broad movement with overlapping branches (social design, community design, eco-design, participatory design, critical design, and transition design etc.), the scope of our study takes ‘micro’ as a starting point. We focus on the kind of activism that takes shape in moments of careful design; these are moments when designers move politically, rather than necessarily within political movements. These microprotests respond to community needs through design more than they articulate a broad activist design movement. As such, the impacts of these microprotests often go unnoticed outside of the communities within which they take place. We propose, and test in this essay, a mode of analysis for design microprotests that takes design activism as a starting point but pays more attention to community and translation than designers and their global reach.In his analysis of design activism, Julier proposes “four possible conceptual tactics for the activist designer that are also to be found in particular qualities in the mainstream design culture and economy” (Julier, Introduction 149). We use two of these tactics to begin exploring a selection of attributes common to design microprotests: temporality – which describes the way that speed, slowness, progress and incompletion are dealt with; and territorialisation – which describes the scale at which responsibility and impact is conceived (227). In each of three projects to which we apply these tactics, one of us had a role as a visual communicator. As such, the research is framed by the knowledge creating paradigm described by Jonas as “research through design”.We also draw on other conceptualisations of design activism, and the rich design literature that has emerged in recent times to challenge the colonial legacies of design studies (Schultz; Tristan et al.; Escobar). Some analyses of design activism already focus on the micro or the minor. For example, in their design of social change within organisations as an experimental and iterative process, Lensjkold, Olander and Hasse refer to Deleuze and Guattari’s minoritarian: “minor design activism is ‘a position in co-design engagements that strives to continuously maintain experimentation” (67). Like minor activism, design microprotests are linked to the continuous mobilisation of actors and networks in processes of collective experimentation. However microprotests do not necessarily focus on organisational change. Rather, they create new (and often tiny) spaces of protest within which new voices can be heard and different kinds of listening can be done.In the first of our three cases, we discuss a representation of transdisciplinary listening. This piece of visual communication is a design microprotest in itself. This section helps to frame what we mean by a safe space by paying attention to the listening mode of communication. In the next sections we explore temporality and territorialisation through the design microprotests Just Spaces which documents the collective imagining of safe places for LBPQ (Lesbian, Bisexual, Pansexual, and Queer) women and non-binary identities through a series of graphic objects and Conversation Piece, a book written, designed and published over three days as a proposition for a collective future. A Representation of Transdisciplinary ListeningThe design artefact we present in this section is a representation of listening and can be understood as a microprotest emerging from a collective experiment that materialises firstly as a visual document asking questions of the visual communication discipline and its role in a research collaboration and also as a mirror for the interdisciplinary team to reflexively develop transdisciplinary perspectives on the risks associated with the release of environmental flows in the upper reaches of Hawkesbury Nepean River in NSW, Australia. This research project was funded through a Challenge Grant Scheme to encourage transdisciplinarity within the University. The project team worked with the Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment Management Authority in response to the question: What are the risks to maximising the benefits expected from increased environmental flows? Listening and visual communication design practice are inescapably linked. Renown American graphic designer and activist Sheila de Bretteville describes a consciousness and a commitment to listening as an openness, rather than antagonism and argument. Fiumara describes listening as nascent or an emerging skill and points to listening as the antithesis of the Western culture of saying and expression.For a visual communication designer there is a very specific listening that can be described as visual hearing. This practice materialises the act of hearing through a visualisation of the information or knowledge that is shared. This act of visual hearing is a performative process tracing the actors’ perspectives. This tracing is used as content, which is then translated into a transcultural representation constituted by the designerly act of perceiving multiple perspectives. The interpretation contributes to a shared project of transdisciplinary understanding.This transrepresentation (Fig. 1) is a manifestation of a small interaction among a research team comprised of a water engineer, sustainable governance researcher, water resource management researcher, environmental economist and a designer. This visualisation is a materialisation of a structured conversation in response to the question What are the risks to maximising the benefits expected from increased environmental flows? It represents a small contribution that provides an opportunity for reflexivity and documents a moment in time in response to a significant challenge. In this translation of a conversation as a visual representation, a design microprotest is made against reduction, simplification, antagonism and argument. This may seem intangible, but as a protest through design, “it involves the development of artifacts that exist in real time and space, it is situated within everyday contexts and processes of social and economic life” (Julier 226). This representation locates conversation in a visual order that responds to particular categorisations of the political, the institutional, the socio-economic and the physical in a transdisciplinary process that focusses on multiple perspectives.Figure 1: Transrepresentation of responses by an interdisciplinary research team to the question: What are the risks to maximising the benefits expected from increased environmental flows in the Upper Hawkesbury Nepean River? (2006) Just Spaces: Translating Safe SpacesListening is the foundation of design microprotest. Just Spaces emerged out of a collaborative listening project It’s OK! An Anthology of LBPQ (Lesbian, Bisexual, Pansexual and Queer) Women’s and Non-Binary Identities’ Stories and Advice. By visually communicating the way a community practices supportive listening (both in a physical form as a book and as an online resource), It’s OK! opens conversations about how LBPQ women and non-binary identities can imagine and help facilitate safe spaces. These conversations led to thinking about the effects of breaches of safe spaces on young LBPQ women and non-binary identities. In her book The Cultural Politics of Emotion, Sara Ahmed presents Queer Feelings as a new way of thinking about Queer bodies and the way they use and impress upon space. She makes an argument for creating and imagining new ways of creating and navigating public and private spaces. As a design microprotest, Just Spaces opens up Queer ways of navigating space through a process Ahmed describes as “the ‘non-fitting’ or discomfort .... an opening up which can be difficult and exciting” (Ahmed 154). Just Spaces is a series of workshops, translated into a graphic design object, and presented at an exhibition in the stairwell of the library at the University of Technology Sydney. It protests the requirement of navigating heteronormative environments by suggesting ‘Queer’ ways of being in and designing in space. The work offers solutions, suggestions, and new ways of doing and making by offering design methods as tools of microprotest to its participants. For instance, Just Spaces provides a framework for sensitive translation, through the introduction of a structure that helps build personas based on the game Dungeons and Dragons (a game popular among certain LGBTQIA+ communities in Sydney). Figure 2: Exhibition: Just Spaces, held at UTS Library from 5 to 27 April 2018. By focussing the design process on deep listening and rendering voices into visual translations, these workshops responded to Linda Tuhiwai Smith’s idea of the “outsider within”, articulating the way research should be navigated in vulnerable groups that have a history of being exploited as part of research. Through reciprocity and generosity, trust was generated in the design process which included a shared dinner; opening up participant-controlled safe spaces.To open up and explore ideas of discomfort and safety, two workshops were designed to provide safe and sensitive spaces for the group of seven LBPQ participants and collaborators. Design methods such as drawing, group imagining and futuring using a central prototype as a prompt drew out discussions of safe spaces. The prototype itself was a small folded house (representative of shelter) printed with a number of questions, such as:Our spaces are often unsafe. We take that as a given. But where do these breaches of safety take place? How was your safe space breached in those spaces?The workshops resulted in tangible objects, made by the participants, but these could not be made public because of privacy implications. So the next step was to use visual communication design to create sensitive and honest visual translations of the conversations. The translations trace images from the participants’ words, sketches and notes. For example, handwritten notes are transcribed and reproduced with a font chosen by the designer based on the tone of the comment and by considering how design can retain the essence of person as well as their anonymity. The translations focus on the micro: the micro breaches of safety; the interactions that take place between participants and their environment; and the everyday denigrating experiences that LBPQ women and non-binary identities go through on an ongoing basis. This translation process requires precise skills, sensitivity, care and deep knowledge of context. These skills operate at the smallest of scales through minute observation and detailed work. This micro-ness translates to the potential for truthfulness and care within the community, as it establishes a precedent through the translations for others to use and adapt for their own communities.The production of the work for exhibition also occurred on a micro level, using a Risograph, a screenprinting photocopier often found in schools, community groups and activist spaces. The machine (ME9350) used for this project is collectively owned by a co-op of Sydney creatives called Rizzeria. Each translation was printed only five times on butter paper. Butter paper is a sensitive surface but difficult to work with making the process slow and painstaking and with a lot of care.All aspects of this process and project are small: the pieced-together translations made by assembling segments of conversations; zines that can be kept in a pocket and read intimately; the group of participants; and the workshop and exhibition spaces. These small spaces of safety and their translations make possible conversations but also enable other safe spaces that move and intervene as design microprotests. Figure 3: Piecing the translations together. Figure 4: Pulling the translation off the drum; this was done every print making the process slow and requiring gentleness. This project was and is about slowing down, listening and visually translating in order to generate and imagine safe spaces. In this slowness, as Julier describes “...the activist is working in a more open-ended way that goes beyond the materialization of the design” (229). It creates methods for listening and collaboratively generating ways to navigate spaces that are fraught with micro conflict. As an act of territorialisation, it created tiny and important spaces as a design microprotest. Conversation Piece: A Fast and Slow BookConversation Piece is an experiment in collective self-publishing. It was made over three days by Frontyard, an activist space in Marrickville, NSW, involved in community “futuring”. Futuring for Frontyard is intended to empower people with tools to imagine and enact preferred futures, in contrast to what design theorist Tony Fry describes as “defuturing”, the systematic destruction of possible futures by design. Materialised as a book, Conversation Piece is also an act of collective futuring. It is a carefully designed process for producing dialogues between unlikely parties using an image archive as a starting point. Conversation Piece was designed with the book sprint format as a starting point. Founded by software designer Adam Hyde, book sprints are a method of collectively generating a book in just a few days then publishing it. Book sprints are related to the programming sprints common in agile software development or Scrum, which are often used to make FLOSS (Free and Open Source Software) manuals. Frontyard had used these techniques in a previous project to develop the Non Cash Arts Asset Platform.Conversation Piece was also modeled on two participatory books made during sprints that focussed on articulating alternative futures. Collaborative Futures was made during Transmediale in 2009, and Futurish: Thinking Out Loud about Futures (2015).The design for Conversation Piece began when Frontyard was invited to participate in the Hobiennale in 2017, a free festival emerging from the “national climate of uncertainty within the arts, influenced by changes to the structure of major arts organisations and diminishing funding opportunities.” The Hobiennale was the first Biennale held in Hobart, Tasmania, but rather than producing a standard large art survey, it focussed on artist-run spaces and initiatives, emergant practices, and marginalised voices in the arts. Frontyard is not an artist collective and does not work for commissions. Rather, the response to the invitation was based on how much energy there was in the group to contribute to Hobiennale. At Frontyard one of the ways collective and individual energy is accounted for is using spoon theory, a disability metaphor used to describe the planning that many people have to do to conserve and ration energy reserves in their daily lives (Miserandino). As outlined in the glossary of Conversation Piece, spoon theory is:A way of accounting for our emotional or physical energy and therefore our ability to participate in activities. Spoon theory can be used to collaborate with care and avoid guilt and burn out. Usually spoon theory is applied at an individual level, but it can also be used by organisations. For example, Hobiennale had enough spoons to participate in the Hobiennale so we decided to give it a go. (180)To make to book, Frontyard invited visitors to Hobiennale to participate in a series of open conversations that began with the photographic archive of the organisation over the two years of its existence. During a prototyping session, Frontyard designed nine diagrams that propositioned ways to begin conversations by combining images in different ways. Figure 5: Diagram 9. Conversation Piece: p.32-33One of the purposes of the diagrams, and the book itself, was to bring attention to the micro dynamics of conversation over time, and to create a safe space to explore the implications of these. While the production process and the book itself is micro (ten copies were printed and immediately given away), the decisions made in regards to licensing (a creative commons license is used), distribution (via the Internet Archive) and content generation (through participatory design processes) the project’s commitment to open design processes (Van Abel, Evers, Klaassen and Troxler) mean its impact is unpredictable. Counter-logical to the conventional copyright of books, open design borrows its definition - and at times its technologies and here its methods - from open source software design, to advocate the production of design objects based on fluid and shared circulation of design information. The tension between the abundance produced by an open approach to making, and the attention to the detail of relationships produced by slowing down and scaling down communication processes is made apparent in Conversation Piece:We challenge ourselves at Frontyard to keep bureaucratic processes as minimal an open as possible. We don’t have an application or acquittal process: we prefer to meet people over a cup of tea. A conversation is a way to work through questions. (7)As well as focussing on the micro dynamics of conversations, this projects protests the authority of archives. It works to dismantle the hierarchies of art and publishing through the design of an open, transparent, participatory publishing process. It offers a range of propositions about alternative economies, the agency of people working together at small scales, and the many possible futures in the collective imaginaries of people rethinking time, outcomes, results and progress.The contributors to the book are those in conversation – a complex networks of actors that are relationally configured and themselves in constant change, so as Julier explains “the object is subject to constant transformations, either literally or in its meaning. The designer is working within this instability.” (230) This is true of all design, but in this design microprotest, Frontyard works within this instability in order to redirect it. The book functions as a series of propositions about temporality and territorialisation, and focussing on micro interventions rather than radical political movements. In one section, two Frontyard residents offer a story of migration that also serves as a recipe for purslane soup, a traditional Portuguese dish (Rodriguez and Brison). Another lifts all the images of hand gestures from the Frontyard digital image archive and represents them in a photo essay. Figure 6: Talking to Rocks. Conversation Piece: p.143ConclusionThis article is an invitation to momentarily suspend the framing of design activism as a global movement in order to slow down the analysis of design protests and start paying attention to the brief moments and small spaces of protest that energise social change in design practice. We offered three examples of design microprotests, opening with a representation of transdisciplinary listening in order to frame design as a way if interpreting and listening as well as generating and producing. The two following projects we describe are collective acts of translation: small, momentary conversations designed into graphic forms that can be shared, reproduced, analysed, and remixed. Such protests have their limitations. Beyond the artefacts, the outcomes generated by design microprotests are difficult to identify. While they push and pull at the temporality and territorialisation of design, they operate at a small scale. How design microprotests connect to global networks of protest is an important question yet to be explored. The design practices of transdisciplinary listening, Queer Feelings and translations, and collaborative book sprinting, identified in these design microprotests change the thoughts and feelings of those who participate in ways that are impossible to measure in real time, and sometimes cannot be measured at all. Yet these practices are important now, as they shift the way designers design, and the way others understand what is designed. 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