Thèses sur le sujet « Agraire »
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Couret, Pereira Branco Manuel. « La Transformation des structures agraires et le développement la réforme agraire au Portugal / ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612783h.
Texte intégralCouret, Pereira Branco Manuel. « La Transformation des structures agraires et le développement : la réforme agraire au Portugal ». Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0061.
Texte intégralThe portuguese land reform stemming from the laws of 1975 proposed an option to remove the brakes put on the development process which was imposed by the land structure in the south of the country before the 25th of april 1974 end the overthrowing of the dictatorship. Once the responsability of the capitalist-latifundium system in the state of underdevelopment of the countryside in alentejo and ribatejo is established, the analysis of three cooperative farms will supply some data in order to define the development option contained in the land reform's model. The political events after 1976 and mainly after the 1977's land reform law compromised the cooperative's model and therefore the development option. Thus this thesis sets the issue of both the links between land reform and development and the political, economic and social brakes put on it. It is fundamentaly on account of these brakes that, as well as most of land reforms, the portuguese land reform was set to be ineffective to solve the development issues
Halim, Abdeljalil. « Le Capitalisme agraire au Maroc ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598165v.
Texte intégralHalim, Abdeljalil. « Le capitalisme agraire au maroc ». Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070109.
Texte intégralTo examine the impact of capitalism in morocco, in the agrarian sector, we studied traditional systems of land ownership and the way these developed towards a proto-capitalism at the beginning of this country. We then showed the colonisation of the country, in the context of the division of the world between the grat imperialist powers, hindered this development and imposed capitalist production method of the country from the outside and from above. In this connection, we examined all the methods used to disposses the pesantry and create colonisation allotements de tined for capitalist agriculture oriented to the me tropolis and their consequences. We have also shown the reactions of the different social categories towards this question. We conclued that: i) the capitalisation of the moroccan society by imperialism has led to its dependence on the world centre of the capitalism 2) ther is a continuity between the politics of the national state and that which followed by the protectorate
Oriol, Michèle. « Structure foncière et système agraire dans le sud d'Haïti : éléments de sociologie pour une réforme agraire ». Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070026.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, peasant land tenure is studied through diachronic and synchronic approaches to understand the action of haitian society on the landscape. Family land and unformal equal partition of land between heirs at each generation are viewed as main characteristics of land tenure, during colonial period as well as national period (after independance in 1804), in spite of the fact that farming system is quite different during the periods in consideration. New historical data is brought by study of colonial cadastral maps and national surveyors papers: easy shift from colonial era to national period and the evidence of peasant landownership legally founded since the early xixe century in the les cayes plain, mainly by peasants purchasing from urban landlords. A study of contemporary camp-perrin commune make possible tohave an acute view of highly fragmented landholding, nature and use of rights of co-heirs and reveal their impact on farming system. The thesis ends with proposals for land reform which come from and want to change farming system as well as haitian sciety
Mazoyer, Michel. « Telibinu, dieu agraire et fondateur hittite ». Paris, EPHE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPHE4015.
Texte intégralUntil quite recently, telibinu was considered essentially as an agrarian god, and his myth as telling of the cycle of seasons. The aim of this dissertation is to show that telibinu, who had been an agrarian deity in hatti times, became a founding god of the hittites while retaining at the same time his former role, and that his myth constitutes the etiological narrative of the founding of the hittite kingdom. This myth, which has been widely used as an archetype in literature, insists especially on the devastation brought about by the god's departure and on attemps at ensuring his return. These two elements are the basic features of the hittite religion. Since the gods were constantly likely to vanish and to take away with them the country's prosperity, the king's and the priests'mission was to secure the deities' presence in their shrines. That part of the myth which tells about the return of the god is presented as the golden age of the hittites'history and defines the ideology of their kingship as symbolized by the aegis which telibinu handed over to the king. According to the organisation of the hittite pantheon, telibinu never acted alone. As both an agrarian and a founding god, he was at the center of two groups of deities. Not only was telibinu a founder, he was also the protector of his foundation. This reminds one of those gods called kal. We have take the liberty to emphasize at the end of a few chapters some analogies between telibinu's life and those of other indo-european deities, greek and roman
Bazzi, Ali Hamid. « La question agraire au Liban Sud ». Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010694.
Texte intégralOur aim is to study the capitalist production in the coastal plain of south lfbanon which spreads over 60 km and includes 22 lands constituencies. Thus, initially, our approach consisted in identifying the determining element of this production , among the three following components : - the type of "ineffective " capital invested in agriculture. - the labor force, cheap and non syndicated foreign workfrs. - the non intervention of the state in the agricultral sector. Our hypothesis is that the absence of a state agricultural policy led the holders of capital to choose low risk, short term investments. The first part of our work deals with the socio-economical evolution of lebanon and south lebanon. In the second part, entitled " capitalist penetration and tenant farming - survev results", we have conducted a wide-scale field survey in order to build a classifi cation system for farmers and sources of funds. The third part of our study refers to the position of the state and the impacts of the civil war
Mathis, Denis. « Géohistoire agraire d’un pays lorrain : le Saulnois ». Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21021/document.
Texte intégralThe Saulnois is an ancient part of Lorraine. Its past has always been confused with salt mining and as such is of a unique geo-historical interest. The analysis of the timeless Saulnois scene, from the Halstatt to the present is an exceptionally long story. It allows for a global and multiscale study to match against the ‘long-time’-scaling of historicity. The contemporary landscape census and its interpretation through historical biais, along with hints of recycled ancient sites, are a first step. This stratification gives a reasonably accurate reconstruction of the making, the settling and the evolution of the Saulnois. This study has exposed some of the great self-made landscapes. With time, these have been either abandonned or recycled during evolutionary processes. Their importance along with the mutation of agrarian scenes underline frequent exogenous intrusions which add to the process. The Thirty Years War was the catalyst of a perfect openfield and hamlet diffusion process. It anihilated all preceding agrarian systems. The Saulnois has lived through six principal cycles which include its construction, its climax, and its fall, which is where the new cycle steps-in
Bianquis, Anne-Marie. « La Réforme agraire dans la Ghouta de Damas / ». Damas : Institut français de Damas, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35042704p.
Texte intégralFERNANDES, MOREIRA FERNANDES LIRA EMILIA. « Evolution et transformations recentes de l'organisation agraire du paraiba ». Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030036.
Texte intégralIn the brazilian state of paraiba agricultural activity is distinguished by its importance for forming income and creating jobs. As it has been organized as a rule under the hegemony of agricultural exporters, it has since then been included in the process of world capital accumulation. Thus agrarian organization in paraiba has begun to depend on market mechanisms, particularly on the foreign market demand and price oscillations it is subordinated to. Nowadays there have been deep changes in the agrarian organization of the ste due tho the real domination of capital over agriculture. The transformations of agrarian organization caused by the new mode of submission of agriculture to capital both strengthen hereditary frameworks (intensification of land concentration and new formulations of non-capitalist labor relations) and encourage the expansion of activities which guarantee better profits, such as sugar cane and cattle-raising, to the detriment of food crop farming. The effects of these changes are felt by the population by way of intensifying the rural exodus and generating social conflict in the country
Martínez, Martín Manuel. « Revolución liberal y cambio agrario en la Alta Andalucía / ». Granada : Universidad de Granada, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36993864s.
Texte intégralOuzoulias, Pierre. « L'économie agraire de la Gaule : aperçus historiographiques et perspectives archéologiques ». Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011567.
Texte intégralNunez, Orlando. « Réforme agraire et luttes de classes au Nicaragua, 1979-1985 ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600064m.
Texte intégralFernandes, Moreira Emilia. « Evolution et transformations récentes de l'organisation agraire de la Paraiba ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616635b.
Texte intégralJerad, Mustapha. « La question agraire dans la tunisie de 1929 à 1939 ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX10013.
Texte intégralMohammad, Ahmad Ibrahim. « La réforme agraire en Irak : conséquences juridiques et socio-économiques ». Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10009.
Texte intégralOur analysis of the legal aspects of agricultural property in irak has revealed that agricultural property has always been of a public type ever since the first islamic era (622-661). However, the numerous political regimes and the promulgation of various sets of laws concerning this problem of agricultural property have forther increased the complexity of the question and resulted in the concentration of agricultural property in the hands of feudal landlords estate owvers. That situation has had as a consequence the exploitation of the tenants and deterioration of living conditions in rural areas. This is the reason why the promulgation of a new agrarian legislation had become necessary in order to achieve important changes in the type of property, production relations and an increase in socio-economic conditions. Great changes have in fact taken place in iraki society despite the fact that, as for as iraki agricultural is concerned, the initial, especialy in agricultural output, have not fulfilled
Rivero, Espinola Carlos Luis. « Transfert de technologie agraire en Amèrique latine : Une étude comparée ». Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030125.
Texte intégralBarbay, Claire. « Les jeunes dans les espaces de réforme agraire au Brésil ». Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100051.
Texte intégralNew territories emerge since the creation and development of the agrarian reform settlements in Brazil. They testify an evolution of the Brazilian rural milieu, in contradiction with the “geophagical” agricultural exploitation model, based on the monocultures and land concentration. Three case studies, three settlement deliberately chosen as objects of quite different dynamics, in the Pontal do Paranapanema (São Paulo), in the Zona da Mata and Sertão do Pajeu (Pernambuco) regions, are presented here as a means to perceive the participation of the young people in the territorialisation of the settlements. This process of territorialisation is based on the common history of the beneficiaries of the agrarian reform in their struggle for accessing land. It is more easily carried out where collective identities are forged, allowing community projects to come true. The daily life and the perspectives of the young people – between « dreams of elsewhere », agricultural labour, school and leisure – take part at the shaping of these new territories and constitutes a crucial element for their sustainability. Encouraged by the infra-structures improvements, formation, literacy, reinforcement of population skills and the development of a sustainable agriculture, young people are engaging themselves in this particular dynamics of building territories. And that matches well with the concerns of this phase of life: their fulfilment
Oliveira, Fernando Garcia de. « Réforme agraire : étude de cas au Nord-est du Brésil ». Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100040.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with four subjects which are treated in the same case study : fight for land, process of transformation of big farms, in the Northheast Brazil, land reform and family farm. The transformation process of the studied large farm spreads over the whole XX century. In the beginning, the land property-with aroud 7. 000 hectares, in which hundreds of squatters lived and worked-was in the hands of an important Landholder, who was also a colonel of the Brazilian Nacional Guard. Throughout the time two processes were developped : the division of the land and the decadence of the land owners, the affirmation of the transformation of squatters into family farmers. .
Simões, Aquiles. « La réforme agraire en Amazonie brésilienne : innovation et apprentissage social ». Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20004.
Texte intégralThis doctoral thesis traces the related development of the objectives led by the land reform in a very specific region: the two main actors in this joint development being on one hand the public policies of regional and rural development and on the other hand the families of farmers. After a long period of struggles over the land ownership, a very new scenario of development for the South-East part of the Para State (in Brazil) began to spring up at the beginning of the Nineties. This development was closely linked with the voluntarist policy set up by the Ministry of Agricultural Development, which purpose was to supervise the family agriculture. As the trade-union rural movement was proclaiming and leading the elaboration of a regional program of rural and lasting development, a whole combination of measures inhering in the public policies and following the land reform assets took also place. So, all these actors became interdependent and created thus a very specific system of their own. Innovation and social apprenticeship are from now on a key double process. This double process has contributed to the creation of a real Net of social apprenticeship. In order to have a complete view over the methods followed by the double process, we have found it interesting to ask all the local actors about their wishes, their ideas and the steps that had led them to develop new competences , new social and professional identities. It seemed that the implicit necessity to create new skills in governing the rural territories required from the local actors many changes
Monin, Étienne. « Formation agraire, nouveaux modèles agricoles et encadrements métropolitains à Shanghai ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/64de969e-ead7-42bf-bf12-6ee59037b87a.
Texte intégralRural areas within 30-70 kilometers of Shanghai city belong to its municipal territory. They form the eastern border of the deltaïc plain at the mouth of the Yangtze River. China's economic capital, populated wih 23 million inhabitants, the city has become in three decades a global metropolis and a showcase of Chinese modernization. This doctoral thesis in agricultural geography analyzes the processes behind agriculture spatial and functional restructuring, in the time Shanghai countryside has transformed into metropolitan peripheries. Mutations in landscapes and agrarian settlement attest of a complex set of economical, technological and social changes, ordered through growing interactions with metropolitan consumption market. Systemic analysis shows the guiding role played by political and scientifical institutions and economical stakeholders, in shaping agriculture metropolitan functional integration
Núñez, Soto Orlando. « Réforme agraire et lutte de classes au Nicaragua, 1979-1985 ». Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA080016.
Texte intégralBENABDALLAH, ABDALLAH. « L'experience de la revolution agraire ou la problematique socialiste algerienne ». Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR20047.
Texte intégralAfter an analysis of the condition of algeria new independent : the mass departure of the europeans left the country in a critical position (economical) and a very hot political situation which caused the partition of the "f. L. N. " into clans which struggled for power. The analysis of the agricultural self administration enabled us to see that the workers and the peasants who were members of the "f. L. N. " helped to the carrying out of the texts about self-administration. At last, through the agrarian revolution 1971 algeria appears on the way to carry out the socialist tend and to establish social justice among peasants. A lot of problems have come up that prevented a fari evolution of the agrarian revolution. It's failure, all the more so during the passed few years. All that has been done since 1971 is being revised
Moll, Georg. « "Preussischer Weg" und bürgerliche Umwälzung in Deutschland / ». Weimar : H. Böhlaus Nachf, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34950563s.
Texte intégralAbbas, Adel. « Société rurale et réforme agraire en Irak de 1958 à 1968 ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595263q.
Texte intégralOrtiz, Bernal José Afranio. « Les rébellions paysannes en Colombie : histoire et question agraire (1920-1990) ». Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA08A002.
Texte intégralIn this study, we are more interested in the history of the social actors than in the history of the state. Our objective is making the difference between each other even though they are intermixed. We are working on the principle that men and economy are the producers of politics, and as a consequence make the history and the ideologies society is made of. We want to reinstate the farmer world and the farmer class in society, to know their vision of the world, their behaviors and values, their organization and their extended fight through its vital lead: soil and rebelion. Other questions come when Colombians and foreigners touch on the country. What have been the causes of the invicibility of the Colombian guerilla for more than 35 years? What is the real disability of agricultural production in a country whose economy had lived on coffee for a long time and that got industrialized thanks to it? Why and how did illegal cultivation grow in the country? Why is there an extended and permanent war that has caused so much violence and made it possible to raise huge fortunes? Why is there impunity and political/democratical blockade in a country that knew only a few military coups? This set of questions urges us on going more about the national problem through the social conflicts and, in particular, the development and the public action of the farmer class
Mechri, Adler Zohra. « Mouvement paysan, réforme agraire et politique agricoles au Nicaragua 1979-1990 ». Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030187.
Texte intégralAbbas, Adel. « Société rurale et réforme agraire en Irak de 1958 à 1968 ». Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20092.
Texte intégralThe rural Iraqi society is a tribal society. Relations between the members of the tribu were close together but such relations have since become pseudofeudal. This was the result of an economic capitalist development and, added to British colonisation in particular, of a change in the political system. Since the overthrow of the monarchist regime, a programme of agrarian reform has been set up which aims at getting rid of the pseudo-feudal class, that is to say the change in productive relations, improving agricultural production and the link with the general economic policy of the country, increasing the standard of living of the farmers and of improving their social conditions and services. This agrarian reform has not been able to arrive at its aims because of numerous complicated problems amongst which figures the law on agrarian reform itself, political instability in the country, the lack of a means of applying the law which would be based on objective scientifique studies and the inexistence of some sort of administrative machinery which takes into account the rural nature of the society and the rural society itself. Two important consequences arising from the failure of the reform are: first, the loss in agricultural production and secondly, the continuation of the rural exodus towards the cities
Charron, Patrice. « Intégration du sol sabin : la mesure agraire de Manius Curius Dentatus ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28956.
Texte intégralChaput, Marie-Claude. « L'Espagne agraire à travers la presse de janvier 1930 à avril 1933 ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612594m.
Texte intégralTrébuil, Guy. « Sathing Phra : un système agraire en crise au sud de la Thaïlande ». Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INAPA010.
Texte intégralChaput, Marie-Claude. « L'Espagne agraire à travers la presse de janvier 1930 à avril 1933 ». Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100069.
Texte intégral1930: after seven years under primo de Rivera’s dictatorship Spain was involved in political and economic problems in the aftermath of the stock-market crash of 1929. Agriculture dominated the economy and a freak drought which ruined the olive harvest served to underline the injustice inherent in the system of land tenure. In the monoculture regions of the south agriculture laborers found themselves destitute, and the liberal press laid the blame on the regime. Through the numerous articles concerning the rural world appears the image of a society divided into two blocs: large landowners, many of them absentees, and landless laborers. The republican victory in the municipal elections of April 1931 brought an immense wave of hope, and the press unanimously recognized the urgent necessity for agrarian reform, but unrest soon broke out again, anarchists and trade unionists engaged in violent demonstrations, and a succession of projects for agrarian reform, planned but never implemented, contributed to increase disillusionment among the laborers. Nonetheless, legislation helped modify the balance of power by giving certain rights to land workers. The failure of the republic was marked by two bloody episodes : the savage murder in January 1932 of civils guards by the peasants of Castilblanco, a remote village in Extremadura, showed the gulf which separated illiterate rural Spain from the urban culture : a year later, an uprising by anarchists and trade unions in Casas Viejas (Cadiz) was brutally put down. The tone of comment in the liberal daily papers changed from support for a mythical people to an apology of order an d repression. Increasing violence obliged the press to reveal its bourgeois character, as an urban product designed for city dwellers terrified buy rural interest. In April 1933 the municipal elections reflected the failure of the Azane government, which was obliged to resign in September
Roux, Hélène. « Contre-réforme agraire au Nicaragua, instrument de reconquête du pouvoir 1990-2010 ». Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010663.
Texte intégralFare, Yohann. « Origine et transformation d'un système agraire au Sénégal - La zone des Niayes - ». Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0009/document.
Texte intégralA study on the agrarian system of the Niayes region, situated in the northern coastal area of Senegal, between Dakar and Saint Louis was accomplished, implementing historical surveys coupled with a hundred ones related to agricultural exploitations. About eighty surveys were used to help establish economic results. Main phases within the region’s agrarian system were distinguished.1. During the precolonial period, an economy of gathering (wine and palm oil) and a shifting agriculture with as basis millet and peanut in the South; transhumant stockbreeding system in the North;2. During colonization, market gardening became a source of income for Niayes farmers who, seen the area conditions, could not take advantage of the peanut boom of their Dieri neighbor. This development was also a response to cities’ increasing needs in fruits and vegetables.3. During the great drought (1970’s and 1980’s), the market gardening areas extension and the culture system’s intensification caused by migrants’ influx and thanks to the creation of a fruit-part-type contract, the mbeye seddo which allows sharing added value between the employer and the seasonal worker, the sourgha.4. For 20 years, the development of motorized culture systems, with an increasing differences of incomes between manual and motorized exploitations in one hand and the employers’ and family exploitations on the other hand.Within one contemporary agrarian system, we distinguished three main farming categories (family business, employers’ and capitalist ones). Within these groups, farms use manual, semi-motorized or motorized cultivating systems. The survival threshold (meaning the minimal level of necessary resources) was estimated for an average family at CFA 149’000 per working person and per year (227 euros).The first farm category is a food-producing system on short fallows with palm groves. With manual cultivating systems, it is possible for a working person to develop 800 to 1’200 m2 of vegetable basin (Niaye) depending on species to cultivate, with at best 2 campaigns per year. The income varies from 500 to 1’500 euros/working person/year. With combined systems (motorized drainage and manual water distribution), it increases to 2’500m2/year with also 2 campaigns per year and an income of 500 to 2’600 euros/working person/year. Complete motorization (motorized drainage and spraying water distribution, using hose) allows 2 to 4 campaigns per year on 3’000 to 3’500 m2/working person. Incomes vary between 2’000 to 10’000 euros/working person/year.Manual family farms or employers’ exploitations which hire few sourgha most face difficulties with an income barely situated beyond survival threshold (average of 260 to 300 euros/working person/year, sometimes 100 euros) on less than 2’000 m2/family working person. While appealing to sourghas a great deal, manual exploitations earn between 1’000 and 1’800 euros/working person/year on 4’000 m2 to 1 ha/family working person. Motorized exploitations (combined and integral) can use between 1’000m2 (combined) and 1ha/family working person (integral), with incomes varying from 1’500 euros/working person/year (family system with motorized drainage and manual water distribution) to 3’500 euros/working person/year (intensive and motorized capitalist system with 4 campaigns/year).If motorization seems tempting to improve incomes, though not deemed sustainable for the area (ground water overexploitation, various pollutions, and dependence to fossil energy), “race for motorization” brings about important income differences within manual exploitations and current social relationships, and added value sharing deserves review
Brakensiek, Stefan. « Agrarreform und ländliche Gesellschaft : die Privatisierung der Marken in Nordwestdeutschland, 1750-1850 / ». Paderborn : F. Schöningh, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35698511x.
Texte intégralFreguin, Gresh Sandrine. « CHRONIQUE D'UNE CRISE AGRAIRE ANNONCÉEÉtude comparée des transformations des systèmes agraires et des dynamiques d'échanges transfrontaliers entre Haïti et la République Dominicaine - le cas de la filière banane plantain - ». Phd thesis, Institut national agronomique paris-grignon - INA P-G, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175787.
Texte intégralhypothèses quant aux perspectives d'évolution des agricultures et des échanges de part et d'autre de la frontière.
Cette recherche a été conduite sur la base d'une analyse-diagnostic de l'agriculture, axée sur l'étude de la place de la banane dans des systèmes de production parfois complexes, et d'une analyse filière dans les deux régions. Elle a reposé sur un travail de terrain approfondi : lecture de paysage, entretiens avec des producteurs et différents agents économiques de la filière. Nous avons mis en évidence que la libéralisation des échanges a eu un rôle majeur dans la spécialisation bananière. Alors que les systèmes de production s'articulaient sur des combinaisons complexes de cultures et d'élevages,
l'ouverture économique a conduit les agriculteurs à se spécialiser, par manque d'autres alternatives ; leurs systèmes de production ont été simplifiés et sont ainsi devenus très vulnérables sur le plan agronomique. La productivité plus faible du
travail, liée aux superficies réduites que travaillent les paysans haïtiens malgré de fortes valeurs ajoutées par hectare, et l'acquittement d'une rente foncière élevée, conduisent à la cherté du plantain de l'Arcahaie par rapport à celui de la vallée du Yaque del Sur. Comme les commerçants récupèrent un pourcentage équivalent du prix final, et malgré un fonctionnement distinct des deux filières, les bananes haïtiennes sont moins compétitives sur le marché port -au-princien; la concurrence de la banane dominicaine a eu pour conséquence une grave crise agraire.
Cette recherche se situe donc au coeur de la question des conséquences négatives de la mondialisation des
échanges agricoles sur les pays du Sud et aborde celle de la résolution de cette crise agraire, sans précédent dans l'histoire des paysanneries quisqueyennes.
Feichtner, Edgar. « Die Bauernbefreiung in Niederbayern : die Änderung der ländlichen Wirtschafts- und Sozialstruktur in Bayern durch die Reformierung der Agrarverfassung in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts / ». Stuttgart : In Kommission bei F. Steiner, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37032003g.
Texte intégralDupouy, Hervé. « Les campagnes de la république de Moldavie : itinéraires de la décollectivisation ». Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100123.
Texte intégralFaouzi, Hassan. « L'arganeraie des haha : étude d'un système agraire en mutation (Haut-Atlas occidental, Maroc) ». Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21014.
Texte intégralThe country of the Hahas corresponds to the land of the famous tribe from the Western Height-Atlas. From a physical point of view, it is a plateau. The region's natural conditions are difficult. However, in spite of socioeconomic and climatic ups and downs, the people, a forest, cattle and a few cultures remained. For the Hahas, the agricultural system is based on the barley, goats and the argan tree. As a xerofile and endemis species of the South-Western Moroccan, the agran tree is well suited to the arid climate of the region. Its ecological function is important. More importantly, this tree has numerous qualities that head the locals to use it in many ways. Its almonds are richein oil and fat from which the Berber women extract an oil famous for its cosmetic but also dietetic virtues. Moreover, itrs foliage is eatable. All this makes it a precious tree to the eyes of the local farmers. These peoples who have been exploiting this local resource for a very long time set up precise management practices which allow a long-term use of this resource. But the current population growth means increasing difficulties in applying the tradition al rules for a durable management because of the quality of its wood and the excellent charcoal it produces the agran tree been overexploited for years its supply the big cities. In order to cope with the threatening and the management of the forest and are still aim at preserving the forest first. The cutting of trees is their main technique of regeneration of the agran fields. But as the local production system strongly depends on the agran tree, the fact that this zones are forbidden may cause problem to the local farming economy. Despite the usufruct rules that were applied the forest services, the forest keeps beeing developed mainly a means of producing wood and not as a cultivated multi-productive. Dire to this organization hardly any room is left for development of the locals
Câmara, Antônio Da Silva. « La question de la réforme agraire au Brésil : idéologie et réalité (1950-1980) ». Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070069.
Texte intégralThis thesis is about the question of the land-reform in brazil from 1950-1980, analysed through the peasant social changes and the different forme of talks: the theoriticlal talk, the peasant change talk and the dominant one. The theisis is divided into two parts: in the first, are characterized the material condition whic almlow the advent of the landreform questio: an agriculture of export, a landed concetration of lanls. In the second part, are analysed the peasant change, the different talks about the land-reform and are established compari sons between those discussions. It can be concluded that brazil never knew any process of landreform and that stays blocked because of important ground-landlords who, now, open a political, ideological and military fight against the country people, to prevent the land-reform
Da, Silva Gomes Andrea. « Dynamique du système agraire de la région cacaoyère de l'Etat de Bahia, Brésil ». Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0007.
Texte intégralThe cocoa growing region of Bahia State, Brazil has been experiencing important transformations in its agrarian system as a consequence of a grave socioecomical crisis. Initiated in the last 80s years, this crisis was principally caused by the decline of cocoa cultivation, the dominant economic activity in the region until the 90s. Some of the resulting transformations occurring in the region are: the exodus of rural labor force to the nearest cities, increased rural and urban poverty, the appearance of new forms of work organization and agricultural production systems, technological innovations and increased deforestation. In light of this regional scenario, our research aimed to contribute to the understanding of the agricultural system dynamic of the studied region, with an economic and social approach. A dynamic pattern system was created based on field research performed in a cocoa growing micro-region, in the municipalities of Itajuípe and Coaraci. The model shows relations between agricultural investments in cocoa farms, agricultural employment generation, land tenure, labor force employment (sharecroppers or wage-workers), agrarian structure and productive unit typology. This last factor is related to the adoption of different cropping and animal raising systems in addition to different types of workers. From the interaction of the distinct sub-models, a regional development model was constructed. Several scenarios for the regional agrarian system were shown and public policy proposals that promote agricultural development intervention were made
Andrew, Nancy. « Réforme agraire et dynamiques sociales du conflit foncier dans les campagnes sud-africaines ». Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H020.
Texte intégralThe thesis explores the dilemmas behind South Africa's politically-strained process of landreform since 1995, by looking at rural social conflict : by looking at rural social conflict : African women's limited access to land, the precarious situation of farmworkers and labour tenants, large numbers of whom were evicted from the white-owned farms in the face of potential land rights, and the painfully slow land restitution programme. Crucial areas of debate are presented : how much capitalism has transformed agrarian social relations, sharp differences over the goals and market approach of land reform, its targets and poor results, as well as the major structural hurdles facing the ANC in the context of the 1994 social compromise. How to handle the paradox of democratising a property system that anchored apartheid but continues to underpin the current economic order? A comparison with Zimbabwe's controversial fast-track expropriation after 2001 concludes the study
Olivier, Sylvain. « Aux marges de l'espace agraire : Inculte et genêt en Lodévois (XVIIe-XIXe siècle) ». Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1671.
Texte intégralThe nature of historical documentation in Languedoc has tended to draw the attention of ruralist historians to the heart of cultivated area and the famous trilogy of cereals, vines and olive trees. Margin, that is to say the vast amount of reputedly uncultivated land, has held little interest. However, most of these lands were indeed maintained and brought a great deal of resources to rural areas. Whether enjoyed communally or privately, they were areas cleared on a permanent or temporary basis, but they were also for grazing, food and wood gathering as well as various other purposes. On some of them grew the plant Spartium junceum L. , a marker of the human exploitation of land located at the interface between ager and saltus. The increasing maintenance of this broom growing in the Lodévois during the modern period is involved in processes of complex cropping at the borders of the cultivated area. A microhistorical approach – which opens onto neighboring regions of the Lodévois and the periods before and after – to this plant from uncultivated areas, crosses economic and social history with the history of technology, and in particular agronomy. Broom regenerated the poor soils of hills, providing textile fibers and nourishment for livestock during the winter. The exploitation of spartium, seemingly marginal, does indeed contribute in its own way to agricultural change from the eighteenth century onward
Bardot, Anne-Christine. « La décollectivisation des terres en Russie : étude de la réforme agraire, 1990-2000 ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0007.
Texte intégralLezean, Estelle. « Des proches aux propriétaires : processus de transformation de la Russie agraire (1991-2003) ». Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100156.
Texte intégralThe dissertation analyzes changes in property relations in Russian agriculture after the collapse of the USSR and until the adoption of the new Land Code in 2002. Fieldwork research was carried out in Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Samara and Leningrad regions in 1998-2002. Part One describes the policies of the Yeltsin government in the early 1990s, which failed to create private farmers because they threatened to ruin the quasi-private production in the existing personal plots, inherited from the Soviet days. Part Тwo describes the persistence of collective farms during the 1990s through the prism of a phenomenon of svoi, of circles of proximate relations. Part Three deals with the changes during the Putin era: old circles of svoi, which by now had acquired de facto control over the former collective farms, managed to transform in into de jure property titles and sell them to new owners. Concluding remarks examine the phenomenon of svoi as a generic principle of contemporary power in Russia
Da, Silva Gomes Andréa. « Dynamique du systÈme agraire de la rÉgion cacaoyÈre de l´État de bahia, brÉsil ». Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004595.
Texte intégralPrass, Reiner. « Reformprogramm und bäuerliche Interessen : die Auflösung der traditionellen Gemeindeökonomie im südlichen Niedersachsen, 1750-1883 / ». Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & ; Ruprecht, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36983031d.
Texte intégralBiba, Gjin. « Transition de la collectivisation à la mini-exploitation paysanne en Albanie : analyse de la structure, du fonctionnement et des comportements des agriculteurs dans le district de Leza / ». Montpellier : Institut agronomique méditerranéen, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370289930.
Texte intégralLéonard, Éric. « De vaches et d'hirondelles : grands éleveurs et paysans saisonniers au Mexique / ». Paris : Éd. de l'ORSTOM, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35783280p.
Texte intégralNguyen, Dac Ayxabi Simone. « Réformes agraires comparées au Mexique et au Viêtnam ». Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100167.
Texte intégralA tentative of the history of rural economy of two tropical countries, Mexico and Vietnam has been analyzed for the first time through comparative agrarian reforms (starting for Mexico in 1911, and 1953 for DRVN). This survey is the result of nearly twenty years of field researches, compilation of technical and scientific documentations and active participation in national and international meetings of the author. Analogies and differences in natural ecology, social, economic and political organization, agrarian systems and development of agriculture in both countries have been discussed. The importance of nutrition as well as the problems of cereals have been explored. Demography calls upon an important debate as long as Mexico and Vietnam are involved in dependence of food and agricultural development from outside. Although Mexico is trying to resolve her own problems with free concurrency system, Vietnam since 1975, has chosen socialism. In spite of low agricultural production, great inflation external indebtment (case of Mexico), the two countries are willing to experiment effective economic strategies. Opportunities for new solutions to current problems appear in the horizon of XXIst century (i. E. Sciences and development of biotechnologies, equilibrium of urban rural population, equation between task force-technics and finances)