Articles de revues : « Alexey Tolstoy »

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Sokolov, Boris V. « A Prototype of Vadim Roshchin in the “White” Version of Alexey N. Tolstoy's Trilogy The Road to Calvary ». RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 26, n^o 1 (15 décembre 2021) : 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2021-26-1-16-32.

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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the idea of the white version of the second volume of A.N. Tolstoy's trilogy The Road to Calvary , created by the writer in the emigration in 1921-1923. This idea was fundamentally different from the one embodied by A.N. Tolstoy after his return to the USSR. Materials published in 1918 in the Rostov magazine Donskaya Volna ( Don Wave ) are used for the reconstruction. Those materials help to identify Colonel V.K. Manakin as a supposed prototype of one of the main characters, Vadim Roshchin, in the final chapters of the first volume of the trilogy and in the first chapters of the second volume of the white version. The prototype makes it feasible to reconstruct the possible idea of the second volume of the white version of The Road to Calvary . A.N. Tolstoy's notebooks are also used for the reconstruction. The reconstruction of A.N. Tolstoys plan turned out to be more logically consistent compared to the only existing Soviet version of the second and third volumes of the trilogy The Road to Calvary. Both Roshchin and Telegin, in the emigrant version of the first volume of the trilogy act as ideologists of the White Movement, find themselves in the White Armies of Southern Russia, and then in exile. The study shows that the transition of the main characters to the Red Movement in the Soviet version of The Road to Calvary is artistically unconvincing, since it does not correspond to the original plan of A.N. Tolstoy, embodied in the emigrant version of Sisters .

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Ganin, Andrey V. « The Image of the White Army Agent General Nosovich in the Novella Bread by Alexey N. Tolstoy ». Studia Litterarum 6, n^o 3 (2021) : 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-3-394-407.

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The article analyzes the image of a historical figure of the White Army agent Nosovich in A.N. Tolstoy’s novella Bread. Former General A.L. Nosovich in Soviet Russia in the spring and summer of 1918 held the post of chief of staff of the North Caucasus Military District, but at the same time was an agent of the White Army and carried out clandestine subversive work. His image in the novel was introduced as an antihero, who was opposed to the shrewd commissar Joseph Stalin. The attitude to Nosovich in the novel is negative. He is shown as a pragmatic and cruel cynic, for whom the aim justifies any means. Tolstoy did not fail to emphasize the connection between Nosovich and the leader of the Red Army Lev D. Trotsky ostracized in the USSR. When creating the character of Nosovich A.N. Tolstoy relied on genuine documents, including the report of Nosovich to the White Army command about his underground work. Tolstoy’s novel contributed to the strengthening of the personality cult of Stalin and the mythology of the history of the Russian Civil War in line with party attitudes. The image of the White Army agent General Nosovich served the same task.

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Zykova, Galina. « Vsevolod Nekrasov about Kozma Prutkov and Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy ». Stephanos. Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 26, n^o 6 (30 novembre 2017) : 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2017-26-6-168-174.

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Akimova, Anna S. « “IN THE MOSCOW ESTATES” : A. N. TOLSTOY’S NOVEL PETER THE FIRST AS AN ESTATE TEXT ». Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 58 (2020) : 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2020-58-235-244.

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The childhood of Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy passed on the steppe farm Sosnovka where his stepfather’s A. A. Bostrom’s estate was located. Subsequently, the writer reproduced both external appearance of the estates familiar to him, and the inhabitants of the estates and their way of life on the pages of his works. Everything that Tolstoy saw in his childhood (peasant yards, the life of a small-scale Samara estate (called ‘khutor’), a city estate) found reflection in his works and, in particular, in the manor texts, which undoubtedly include the novel Peter the Great. The paper considers the A. N. Tolstoy’s novel Peter the Great as an ‘estate text’. The first book of the novel is set in Moscow, in Kitay-Gorod. Tolstoy recreates in great detail the life of the city and its inhabitants that has gone into the past, which in the late 17th – early 18th centuries, according to the historian I. E. Zabelina looked like a big village. The descriptions of the peasant household, Moscow nobles estates and princely mansion are based, on the one hand, on the writer’s impressions and, on the other, on historical sources and represent the image of the estate. The estate plot closely connected with the characters living (both fictional and historical ones), with life of the city and the state. The novel provides a comprehensive description of the courtyard of the poor peasant Brovkin, the impoverished nobleman Volkov, as well as based on the testimony of the French envoy De Neuville and the work of S. M. Solovyov, a detailed image of the Moscow chambers of Prince V. V. Golitsyn. Childhood memories, historical sources and creative imagination allow Tolstoy to painstakingly recreate on the pages of the novel not only the image of the lost Moscow of Peter’s time, but also the ones of its inhabitants.

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Bogdanova, Olga A. « “Not a Golden Antique” : Experience of Negative Reception of the “Estate Culture” at the Turn of the 19th–20th Centuries ». Studia Litterarum 5, n^o 3 (2020) : 252–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-3-252-269.

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In contrast to passeistic and neo-mythological trends in the representation of the “estate culture” in the so-called Silver age, a number of works of that time follow another line — the one of aesthetic, civilizational, and socio-psychological critique. The latter tendency dates back to the serfdom period (A.I. Herzen, N.S. Leskov, L.N. Tolstoy, etc.). Pan-aesthetics, one of the main trends of Russian culture of the early 20th century, prompted the mentioned aesthetic critique. A number of authors questioned and rejected the idealization of the Golden age of “estate culture”, which in the Silver age claimed to be the “national ideal.” This is how the polemical image of “not a golden antique” appears in the works of I.F. Annensky, Andrey Bely, N.S. Gumilev, G.I. Chulkov, A.N. Tolstoy, etc. In addition, the structure of the “estate topos” includes civilizational critique of the “estate culture” as organic part of the Russian national-patriarchal world (A.I. Ertel, A.P. Chekhov, I.S. Shmelev, etc.). The article examined the mentioned negative connotations of the “estate topos” on the example of the story by Alexey N. Tolstoy “Mishuka Nalymov (Zavolzhye).”

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Скаковская, Людмила Николаевна. « STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE TITLE COMPLEX AND ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL OF A. VARLAMOV’S BOOK «ALEXEY TOLSTOY» ». Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия : Филология, n^o 3(66) (6 novembre 2020) : 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2020.3.111.

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Потенциал паратекста книг серии «ЖЗЛ» А.Н. Варламова представляется очень важным не только вследствие репрезентационного расширения и рецепционного углубления этих произведений, но и определения внутренней взаимосвязи конкретных литературных портретов. В случае «Алексея Толстого» паратекст выполняет сквозную функцию, то есть его элементы раскрываются на протяжении всего произведения (исходное заглавие, подписи к фото и др.) и связаны с основной темой. The potential of the paratext of the books in the «LWP» series by A.N. Varlamov is very important not only because of the representational expansion and receptive deepening of these works, but also determines the internal relationship of specific literary portraits. In the case of Alexey Tolstoy, the paratext performs an end-to-end function, i.e. its elements are revealed throughout the work (the original title, photo captions, etc.) and are related to the main theme.

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Kotelnikov, Vladimir A. « John Damascene and the aesthetic ideal of Aleksey Tolstoy ». Two centuries of the Russian classics 3, n^o 1 (2021) : 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-1-210-223.

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Despite the fact that religious themes are rare in A. K. Tolstoy’s works, he paid special attention to the image, life and work of John Damascene. This is due to the fact that Tolstoy perceived Damascene not only as a monk and ascetic, but above all as a creative person, a poet. The article shows Tolstoy's attitude to art, notes the parallel he thought out between his own fate and the life of Damascene, the role of the introduction with an oriental flavor in Tolstoy's poem “John Damascene,ˮ which corresponds to the forced presence at the court of Tolstoy himself. The work demonstrates how thoughtfully and subtly the poet puts his own judgments, his theory of art and the origin of creativity in John's reflections on art. The author of the article, following the development of the plot of the poem, states where Tolstoy somewhat deviates from the life of Damascene, and in which places he approaches the hagiographic narrative as much as possible. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the realization in the poem of Tolstoy's most important motive for the triumph of free speech.

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Anisimova, E. E. « “Tolstoys are Totally Different Matter...” A. K. Tolstoy in Bunin’s Experience of Historical Reflection : B. Genre Aspect of the Theme of Memory ». Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, n^o 2 (2020) : 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-2-371-384.

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The article deals with I. A. Bunin’s perception of the personality and works by A. K. Tolstoy. The key components of this reception are the system of philosophy of history views formulated by A. K. Tolstoy and his concept of historical memory. The belonging of the 19 th century poet to the large Tolstoy family was mythologized by Bunin and became a reason for understanding and determining the young writer’s own position in relation to each of the three writers: L. N. Tolstoy, A. K. Tolstoy and Bunin’s contemporary A. N. Tolstoy. The paper draws upon fictional and nonfictional documents by I. A. Bunin and A. K. Tolstoy. Bunin’s reception of the personality and artistic heritage by A. K. Tolstoy was determined by the history of his origin. The Tolstoy family attracted Bunin’s attention because it was an illustration of his own concept of the literary gift as a “family affair”. Leo Tolstoy enjoyed an undisputed genius and generally recognized family reputation. Aleksey N. Tolstoy’s biography, on the contrary, was ambiguous – the fact that inspired Bunin’s scandalous hints in his essay “The Third Tolstoy”. Aleksey K. Tolstoy’s biographical path of was also surrounded by similar rumors – but Bunin in his article “Inonia and Kitezh” prefers to keep silent on them. In the 1900s, A. K. Tolstoy appeared to Bunin as a rival poet, and in the eyes of Bunin’s contemporaries as the one of his main literary predecessors. Bunin’s poem “Kurgan” was a kind of poetic response to A. K. Tolstoy’s ballad “Kurgan” dedicated to the problem of historical oblivion. These works-doublets could serve as an illustration of one of the types of literary “revision” introduced by H. Bloom. Bunin developed the plot of A. K. Tolstoy’s “Kurgan” in the elegiac genre and demonstrated the value of the past in the present. Since 1918, Bunin’s perception of Tolstoy’s legacy has changed. A. K. Tolstoy’s views of the Russian history are publicly emphasized in the “Cursed Days”, “Mission of the Russian Emigration” and “Inonia and Kitezh”. According to A. K. Tolstoy, the historical catastrophe for Russia was programmed by “Tatar yoke”, which distorted the European character of the national culture and personality and later drove the nation to the particularly Asian, as Tolstoy thought, phenomenon of Ivan the Terrible. Borrowing some modern ideas from the natural sciences, Bunin transferred a number of A. K. Tolstoy’s observations into an anthropological sphere and pointed out specific signs of the “Mongolian” traces in Bolsheviks’ Russia.

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Kajtoch, Wojciech. « Próba analizy Rodziny wilkołaka Siemji wurdałaka Aleksieja K. Tołstoja, jej przekładu pióra René Śliwowskiego i adaptacji filmowych ». Literatura i Kultura Popularna 24 (18 avril 2019) : 247–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.24.18.

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An attempt at a complementary analysis of The Family of the Vourdalak Siemja wurdałaka by Aleksey K. Tolstoy and its translation by René Śliwowski and its film adaptationsThe article discusses a classic horror story from 1839. It presents those elements of the novel typical of Romanticism, as well as the ones with which Tolstoy exceeded his era. The Polish translation of the piece, published for the first time in 1975, as well as four film adaptations of Tolstoy’s story were analyzed, trying to show how film directors interpreted its universal and timeless themes.

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Rubinchik, Olga E. « «They’re not My Kind…» Anna Akhmatova and Natalia Krandievskaya ». Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 14, n^o 2 (2019) : 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2019-2-41-55.

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N. V. Krandievskaya (1888–1963; her last name became Tolstaya after her second marriage with a writer А. N. Tolstoy) was a Russian poet, the author of three books of verse published during her life (1913, 1919, 1922), an outstanding collection of poems dedicated to the Siege of Leningrad (now St Petersburg) and a memoir. The article is dedicated to one of the longstanding poetical conversations between Natalia Krandievskaya and Anna Akhmatova. In July 1922 Akhmatova wrote a poem “They’re not my kind who left the land / To enemies and plundering...”. The poem can be called a “late reply” or “delayed response” to Krandievskaya, and an “urgent answer” to other addressees, among whom there was Aleksey Tolstoy first of all. A 1913 collection of poems by Krandievskaya includes the following one: “They’re not my kind who meet the life, / As like a dream...”. In this poem, the author speaks about her creative independence from two mainstreams in literature of that time: an emerging acmeism and a seasoned symbolism. Being an acmeist, Akhmatova treated the poem with a strong sense of offence. Besides, criticism of 1910 contributed to the origin of the rivalry between these two young poets. From summer 1918 until summer 1923, Krandievskaya stayed out of Soviet Russia with Tolstoy and their children, from October 1921 they were in Germany. When the publishing of the “Nakanune” newspaper, which actively advocated for coming back to Soviet Russia, started in March 1922 in Berlin, Tolstoy headed its literature department, and then he became an editor of its Sunday supplement. Two poems by Akhmatova were published on the first page of the first newspaper’s supplement on April 30. In response, an open letter by Akhmatova was published on August 1, 1922 in the “Notes on Literary Life” in Petrograd magazine, in which she spoke out against the publication of her poems without her knowledge and consent. The reason was an improper political role of the “Nakanune” newspaper and some Tolstoy’s misdeeds. Thus, the verse “I will not give them my poems” in the poem published in July 1922 and the answer of Akhmatova to the “Nakanune” newspaper in the “Notes on Literary Life” are directly interrelated. The similarity of the verse by Akhmatova with the poem by Krandievskaya suggests that the head of the arrow was aimed at the Tolstoy – Krandievskaya partnership first of all. However, the text by Akhmatova has many more addressees, and its meaning spreads far beyond the boundaries of a simple war of words. It’s “a poetic declaration on behalf of those who decided to stay, not evading a single blow” (R. Timenchick).

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Akhremenko, S. A., et M. S. Pytskaya. « RECONSTRUCTION OF ARTESIAN WATER IN THE MANOR OF A. K. TOLSTOY ». Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, n^o 6 (27 mars 2019) : 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-6-51-60.

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Currently, the issue of preservation and effective use of cultural heritage is relevant. Bryansk region has a significant number of valuable historical and cultural monuments. Almost every district is rich in unique places of interest, a special place among which is occupied by the estate. Within the framework of the concept of landscaping of the estate of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy in the village of Krasny Rog, Pochepsky district, Bryansk region, together with the company "Bryanskpromburvod" were carried out field surveys, engineering-geological, hydrological surveys and other necessary activities in order to compile a pre-project proposal for the reconstruction of the source of artesian water, taking into account archival and bibliographic materials, with minor changes in view of the current state of the territory of the object of cultural heritage. Taking into account engineering-geological and hydrological researches, results of full-scale inspection of the territory, the technology of drilling of a well, necessary materials and the equipment for its arrangement is picked up. The article considers the issue of attracting tourists and vacationers to the source of artesian water in the estate of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy. Above the source it is recommended to install a pump room for the release of water, in order to protect it from pollution, and perform it in the architectural style corresponding to the period of life of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy in the estate. Historical and cultural heritage can act not only as a factor in the development of spiritual life, but also as one of the promising areas of economic development in the Bryansk region. The attractiveness of the Museum-estate increases the tourist attendance, and part of the funds can be used for the maintenance of cultural heritage.

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Oliveira, Juliane Bassanufa, et Carlos Francisco de Morais. « Anna Karenina no cinema : o primeiro encontro de Anna e Vronski nos filmes de 1935, 1948 e 2012 / Anna Karenina on the cinema : the first encounter of Anna and Vronski in the movies from 1935, 1948 and 2012 ». Texto Livre : Linguagem e Tecnologia 10, n^o 2 (28 décembre 2017) : 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3652.10.2.254-270.

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RESUMO: Este estudo surgiu da participação no grupo de pesquisa intitulado Literatura em Diálogo, que tem como objetivo o estudo e a pesquisa sobre as diversas adaptações cinematográficas do romance Anna Karenina, de Leon Tolstói. Neste estudo, em particular, é feita uma análise da primeira cena de encontro entre Anna Karenina e Alexei Vronski, nas adaptações cinematográficas de 1935 (Clarence Brown), 1948 (Julien Duvivier) e 2012 (Joe Wright), e no texto literário de Tolstói (1877). A apropriação do texto literário pelo cinema fez com que os olhares de teóricos de ambas as artes se voltassem para a relação entre elas. Sendo assim, há diversos conceitos a serem analisados e articulados, entre eles: fidelidade, tradução, elementos fílmicos e intertextualidade. Nesta pesquisa, investiga-se o material literário, sua recriação cinematográfica e as múltiplas possibilidades que surgem dessa relação de linguagens artísticas diferentes e com particularidades específicas. Dentro das próprias produções fílmicas serão apontadas, ao longo do artigo, as diferentes formas de realizar adaptações, que carregam as ideologias do seu realizador, condições de realização e contextos históricos diferentes. A perspectiva teórica que norteia esta pesquisa é a literária em conjunto com a cinematográfica, segundo os estudos de Stam (2006), Pereira (2009), Hutcheon (2011) e outros. Em outras palavras, investiga-se qual(is) representação(ções) pode(m) ser percebida(s) nessas adaptações fílmicas feitas através da apropriação do texto. Pretende-se observar não somente o deslocamento do literário para a obra cinematográfica, mas também as diferentes formas de se fazer a adaptação dentro das próprias produções para a tela do material ficcional, pois não existe uma única maneira de produzir adaptações.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Anna Karenina; adaptações; cinema; literatura; pesquisa.ABSTRACT: The origin of this study is the participation in the research group Literature and Dialogue, that seeks to study and research the many filmic adaptations of the novel Anna Karenina, by Leon Tolstoi. In this particular study, an analysis of the first encounter between Anna Karenina and Alexei Vronski was conducted, as it was portrayed in the filmic adaptations from 1935 (Clarence Brown), 1948 (Julien Duvivier) and 2012 (Joe Wright), as well as in the literary text by Tolstoy (1877). The appropriation of the literary text by the cinema made the theoreticians from both fields turn their attention towards the the relationship between them: fidelity, translation, filmic elements and intertextuality. In this research, the literary material was investigated, as well as its filmic recreations and the multiple possibilities that come from the relationship between different artistic languages with specific particularities. Within the filmic productions themselves, throughout the article, different ways to conduct adaptations are going to be pointed at, as they carry the ideologies of their auteurs, the conditions in which they were produced and their different historical contexts. This study was informed by literary and cinematographic theoretical perspectives, according to the studies of Stam (2006), Pereira (2009), Hutcheon (2011) and others. In other words, this study investigates which representations may be found in the filmic adaptations conducted through the appropriation of the text. The study aims not only at looking at the movement from literature to cinematographic work, but also at the different ways to conduct an adaptation within the productions of the fictional material for the screen, since there are many possible ways to produce adaptations.KEYWORDS: Anna Karenina; adaptations; cinema; literature; research.

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Dymchenko, Anastasiya S. « Historical prose about the epoch of Peter I into Arkhangelsk local text : novels "Peter I" by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy and "Young Russia" by Yuri German ». Vestnik of Kostroma State University, n^o 2 (2019) : 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-2-154-158.

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The article deals with the image of Arkhangelsk presented in the historical novels about the epoch of Peter I: "Peter I" by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy and "Young Russia" by Yuri German. The article describes the regular appeal of Soviet writers of the 1930s – 1940s to the reforms of Peter the Great and the necessity of introduction of the image of the City of Arkhangelsk and the chronotope of the Russian North into the narration of the historical novels about Peter I. Moreover, the paper analyses the differences in the approach to representation of Arkhangelsk by A.N. Tolstoy and Yuri German. Creative reinterpretation of the town by A.N. Tolstoy enhances the idea of confl ict between West-European progress and old-Russian stagnation expressed in his novel, while preserving the ancestral traditions of shipbuilding in the North is of primary importance to Yuri German. Besides, the continuity between the novel by Yuri German and fl ash fi ction of Boris Shergin is retraced in the article.

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Vincent, Maria. « Ideal Husband as a Key Symbol in Anna Karenina ». Shanlax International Journal of English 9, n^o 3 (1 juin 2021) : 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v9i3.3891.

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This paper tries to symbolically evaluate the character, Alexi Alexandrovich Karenin, as an ideal husband figure in comparison with other characters from the movie Anna Karenina (2012) which is an adaptation of the well-known novel Anna Karenina by the prominent author, Leo Tolstoy. Here, the dramatic focus is not just bestowed to the protagonist and her lover, instead the side lined and betrayed meek character with his true heart is valued as ideal. The novel throws light towards the elements of love, lust and eventually to its consequences. While the exact focus can be brought towards the absence of selfishness, providence of love and trueness of sacrifice portrayed by Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin.

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Isakhanli, Hamlet. « Alchemy in Russian Literature ». Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 23, n^o 2 (2020) : 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2020.23.2.69.

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Along with sciences, alchemical activity heavily influenced literature and art, and the images of alchemists were widely reflected in the works of poets, writers, artists, philosophers, and scientists. In Eastern and Western literature of ancient, medieval, and modern times, alchemy, together with the intriguing images of alchemists, was used also as a source of vivid metaphors. This article is devoted to the subject of alchemy in Russian literature, investigating which writers were interested in it and how it was developed in Russia. Prominent Russian authors’ poetic and prosaic writings have been perused throughout the research paper and it is believed that the images of alchemists portrayed by Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, Alexander Herzen, Nikolai Ogarev, Alexei Tolstoy, and Mikhail Bulgakov were of European origin.

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Akimova, Anna S. « Peter the Great Revised : On the History of the Text of Alexey Tolstoy’s Novel ». Studia Litterarum 1, n^o 3-4 (2016) : 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2016-1-3-4-262-277.

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Vorontsova, Galina. « Perkhin V.V. A.N. Tolstoy and Power. St.-Petersburg. Aleteya Publ. 2017. 240 p. » Stephanos. Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 29, n^o 3 (30 mai 2018) : 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2018-29-3-264-268.

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Vid, Natalia Kaloh. « Translation of Children's Literature in the Soviet Union : How Pinocchio Got a Golden Key ». International Research in Children's Literature 6, n^o 1 (juillet 2013) : 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2013.0082.

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This article analyses ideological influence on the translations of children's literature in the Soviet Union where translation was seen as an ideological tool and was expected to promote ideological values. Changing and adapting the source texts according to the newly established ideological demands was a common practice. Soviet children's literature was also used as a means of propaganda and a strong pedagogical instrument of education of new Soviet citizens. To explore how the Soviet ideological message was promoted within children's literature, I will analyse Alexei Tolstoy's adaptation of Carlo Collodi's The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883), entitled Zolotoi kliuchek ili prikliucheniia Buratino [The golden key or the adventures of Buratino]; henceforth The Golden Key), published in the Soviet Union in 1935. In Tolstoy's version the original underwent direct ideological changes. As one of the most successful children's stories introduced into the Soviet environment, The Golden Key depicts the values of the system under which it was written, including abolition of private property, the importance of collective labour, and the idea of equality and socialisation.

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Saraskina, Liudmila. « Truths and Lies in a TV Series About “Dostoevsky Beyond the Textbook” ». Неизвестный Достоевский 7, n^o 4 (décembre 2020) : 70–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2020.5061.

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The paper offers a detailed analysis of Dostoevsky, a historical and biographical feature TV serial (in eight episodes), produced in 2011, when the writer’s 190th anniversary was celebrated. The film was directed by V. I. Khotinenko, the script was written by E. Ya. Volodarsky. The authors of the series claimed that their objective was to create an image of “Dostoevsky beyond the textbook”, wholly (or largely) unknown to today’s audience. But the authors did not explain what they meant by “Dostoevsky beyond the textbook”, nor, for that matter, by the “textbook” version. Professional expertise had found numerous gross distortions of both Dostoevsky’s biography and Russian history in the script. Nevertheless, after certain corrections by the film director, the flawed script was accepted as the basis for the series, which, in the end, proved to be as flawed. The objective of the film, as defined by the director, was to show the “human dimension” Dostoevsky, was realized in a very peculiar manner: for the sake of pseudo-dramatization, the writers’ real experiences in the fatal moments of his life were replaced with fictitious experiences; many events, well known and well documented, were deliberately misrepresented. For the film director, Dostoevsky was chiefly interesting as a person burdened with many vices, whose biography had been full of extraordinary striking episodes. The film director, by his arbitrary will, ascribed to Dostoevsky the desires, passions and actions of some of his fictional characters; this dubious, though frequently employed, technique has been readily utilized in the series. Numerous erotic episodes were supposed to demonstrate to today’s audience that nothing human was alien to Dostoevsky. His literary activity, his public readings (which he liked so much) were presented as bait used to lure the victims of his male lust. The series showed, as it were, that the writer had rehearsed, in his private space, the would-be crimes of his characters. The real, wellknown, Dostoevsky has remained outside the series. Viewers will not find his work on the novel The Possessed, the creative history of The Brothers Karamazov, the inauguration of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow, Dostoevsky’s Pushkin speech, his dramatic relations with Pobedonostsev, his friendship with S. A. Tolstaya (the widow of Alexei K. Tolstoy), the severe illness of his last days, his death, or his funeral, unprecedented in Russia.

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Gorbenko, Aleksandr Yu, et Vikentiy V. Chekushin. « Citizen, Count, Grigoriy : Aleksey Tolstoy in A.P. Chudakov's Novel A Gloom is Cast Upon the Ancient Steps ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n^o 443 (1 juin 2019) : 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/443/1.

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Akimova, Anna S. « Traditions of Description of “Estate Culture” in Aleksey N. Tolstoy’s Story “Devushki” ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n^o 438 (1 janvier 2019) : 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/438/1.

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ERMAN, IRINA. « Nation and Vampiric Narration in Aleksey Tolstoy's “The Family of the Vourdalak” ». Russian Review 79, n^o 1 (janvier 2020) : 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/russ.12254.

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Anisimova, Evgeniya E. « “Our Brother-In-Law Harald Is Going to Sail” : Russian History in the Ballads of Aleksey K. Tolstoy ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, n^o 68 (1 décembre 2020) : 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/68/9.

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Tolstoy, Alexei, et Boris Dralyuk. « A tale of two Peters : First-time English translation of a story about Peter the Great by Russia’s Comrade Count, Alexei Tolstoy ». Index on Censorship 46, n^o 2 (19 juin 2017) : 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422017716066.

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Козорог, О. В., et Л. В. Константінова. « «ПРИКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ПИНОККИО» КАРЛО КОЛЛОДИ И ИТАЛЬЯНСКАЯ КОМЕДИЯ ДЕЛЬ АРТЕ. В ПОМОЩЬ УЧИТЕЛЮ НАЧАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССОВ ». Наукові записки Харківського національного педагогічного університету ім. Г. С. Сковороди "Літературознавство" 3, n^o 93 (2019) : 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2312-1076.2019.3.93.08.

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The article explores the world-famous work of the Italian writer Carlo Collodi The Adventure of Pinocchio. Despite the fact that the book of Carlo Collodi is addressed to a children's audience, it contains features of satire on Italian reality. The book The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi throws us back to folk laughter culture (term of M. Bakhtin), which is inseparably linked with the traditions of the Italian comedy dell’arte. Just in it Collodi draws the plot for his work. In the book about the adventures of Pinocchio, there is a lot from the carnival laughter culture and from the farce theater in particular. This includes scenes of fights, denudation, buffoonery, throwing various objects by literary characters into each other, dousing the main character with water or sewage, the unprecedented gluttony of the fairy tale characters, their ridicule and humiliation, grotesque exaggeration of appearance, as well as other methods of folk farce. Collodi’s “rhinology” (term of V. Vinogradov) belongs to the world of carnival laugh culture. Mask Medico della Peste (“plague doctor”) with a large bird’s beak is one of the main places in the Italian comedia dell’arte. And the Italian proverb “Who he lies, his nose grows” in some way explains the magical episodes of Pinocchio’s “rhinology” related to the expansion of his nose to huge sizes at those moments when the main character of the fairy tale begins to lie. The book about the wooden man was widely known and recognized in literary circles, and its main character Pinocchio became the prototype of Burattino by Alexei Tolstoy.

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Синьмэй, Ли. « Modern Russian Literature in China : an Overview of Research ». Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, n^o 4(69) (16 février 2021) : 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.69.4.012.

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Современная русская литература вызывает большой интерес у китайских русистов, и количество научных работ по теме начиная с 80-х годов прошлого века постоянно увеличивается. В данной статье на основании китайских баз данных обобщены результаты работы китайских русистов в области изучения современной русской литературы, а также анализируются имеющиеся актуальные проблемы и перспективы ее изучения. В исследованиях китайских ученых в целом можно выделить два основных направления: 1) посвященные конкретным писателям, таким как Александр Солженицын, Валентин Распутин, Виктор Астафьев, Юрий Бондарев, Людмила Улицкая, Виктор Пелевин, Владимир Маканин, Сергей Довлатов, Татьяна Толстая, Владимир Сорокин, Людмила Петрушевская, Венедикт Ерофеев, Борис Акунин, Алексей Варламов, Ольга Славникова, Даниил Гранин, Виктор Ерофеев, Михаил Шишкин, Анатолий Ким, Роман Сенчин, Сергей Есин, Георий Владимов, Андрей Битов, Захар Прилепин, Олег Павлов, Александр Иличевский, Елена Колядина, Михаил Елизаров, Борис Екимов, Александр Проханов, Марк Харитонов, Михаил Бутов, Андрей Волос, Гузель Яхина и др.; 2) исследования общего характера — по тенденциям развития современной русской литературы, ее направлениям, школам, литературным премиям. В литературоведческих исследованиях на современном этапе выделяют следующие основные проблемы: 1) отсутствие работ по драматургии и поэзии; 2) дисбаланс в изучении творчества конкретных русских писателей; 3) недостаточный анализ современной русской литературы в долгосрочной перспективе; 4) медленное формирование у китайских русистов собственных теорий о современной русской литературе и новых методов ее изучения. Chinese Russianists are highly interested in Modern Russian literature. The number of academic research devoted to Russian literature has been gradually increasing since the 1980s. The article analyzes Chinese databases and generalizes the results of Chinese Russianists’ works. It analyzes relevant issues and prospects of investigation. The research conducted by Chinese scholars can be roughly divided into two major groups: 1) research devoted to individual writers, such as Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Valentin Rasputin, Viktor Astafyev, Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Viktor Pelevin, Vladimir Makanin, Sergey Dovlatov, Tatyana Tolstaya, Vladimir Sorokin, Lyudmila Petrushevskaya, Venedikt Yerofeyev, Boris Akunin, Aleksey Varlmaov, Olga Slavnikova, Daniil Granin, Viktor Yerofeyev, Mikhail Shishkin, Anatoly Kim, Roman Senchin, Sergey Yesin, Georgy Vladimov, Andrey Bitov, Zakhar Prilepin, Oleg Pavlov, Aleksandr Ilichevsky, Elena Koladina, Mikhail Yelizarov, Boris Yekimov, Aleksandr Prokhanov, Mark Kharitonov, Mikhail Butov, Andrey Volos, Guzel Yakhina, and others; 2) research devoted to general issues, such as tendencies of modern Russian literature development, trends, schools, literary awards. Modern literary research experience the following problems: 1) no works are devoted to drama and poetry; 2) research devoted to some individual writers is misbalanced; 3) long-term analysis of modern Russian literature is insufficient; 4) it takes Chinese Russianists long to formulate their own theories about modern Russian literature and new methods of literary investigation.

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Whaley, Joachim. « Lev Nikolaevič Tolstoj, Gedanken Immanuel Kants : Anhand der Originalvorlagen aus dem Russischen zurückübertragen, eingeleitet und herausgegeben . Edited by Alexei Nikolaevič Krouglov. Forschungen und Materialien zur deutschen Aufklärung, Part 1, Texte zur Philosophie der deutschen Aufklärung, vol. III. Stuttgart‐Bad Cannstadt : frommann‐holzboog. 2016. lxxxii +106 p. 12 b. and w. illus. €128 (hb). ISBN 978‐3‐7728‐2774‐7. » Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 43, n^o 2 (30 juillet 2019) : 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-0208.12651.

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Pereira, Daniervelin Renata Marques. « Editorial ». Texto Livre : Linguagem e Tecnologia 10, n^o 2 (28 décembre 2017) : i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3652.10.2.i-ii.

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Esta segunda edição do volume 10 de 2017 traz várias contribuições no que diz respeito a novos objetos de estudo que as tecnologias e seu uso apresentam, além de diferentes olhares teórico-metodológico sobre eles.No primeiro eixo temático ou trilha, Linguística e Tecnologia, Andréa Pisan Soares Aguiar, em “Jogos eletrônicos e ensino de língua portuguesa: algumas reflexões”, propõe reflexões sobre o uso de jogos eletrônicos no ensino de língua portuguesa, especificamente, no ensino de gêneros textuais orais e escritos pela perspectiva sociointeracional da linguagem. Em “Convergência de mídias e o ensino de língua adicional como negócio eletrônico: análise do canal Open English Brasil no YouTube”, Bruna Helena Rech Rocha e Marcelo Spalding Perez fazem um levantamento teórico da convergência de mídias e suas implicações mercadológicas no segmento de ensino de Língua adicional, especificamente inglês. Priscilla Tulipa da Costa, em seu artigo “Os verbos frasais mais frequentes na escrita de aprendizes: um estudo contrastivo”, analisa dois corpora contendo ensaios escritos em inglês por estudantes universitários, os quais são examinados qualitativamente com o suporte do software AntConc para o tratamento e a análise dos dados.Na trilha Educação e Tecnologia, Pablo Rodrigo Bes Oliveira, em “Pokémon GO: discutindo dispositivos e a pedagogia dos jogos eletrônicos”, analisa práticas discursivas e não discursivas do jogo Pokémon GO, para desvendar os conceitos pressupostosnesse aplicativo, mostrando a visão consumista implícita em suas práticas. Tacia Rocha e Luciana C. F. Dias Di Raimo, em “Prática de leitura em sala de aula a partir dos pressupostos foucaultianos”, propõem uma prática de leitura como processo discursivo para o Ensino Superior, a partir de uma materialidade audiovisual com a temática tecnologia na educação. Em “O Ensino Híbrido como modalidade de interação ativa e reflexão crítica: relato de uma experiência docente no Brasil”, Débora Montenegro Pasin e Heloísa Orsi Koch Delgado relatam exemplos de ações na área da educação mediada por tecnologias no Brasil, na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, e demonstram o uso do modelo híbrido de ensino em uma disciplina do curso de Licenciatura em Letras em uma universidade particular brasileira. Alexandre Gomes Soares, em “Desafios da gestão em educação a distância: uma análise a partir da visão do gestor”, apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender os limites e possibilidades da gestão em curso a distância, com foco na percepção do gestor sobre sua gestão e sobre as consequências dela na atuação da equipe multidisciplinar de suporte. No artigo em inglês “Language learning in Blended And Tandem with Brazilian partners: flexible learning models”, Ulisses Oliveira compartilha uma experiência com um programa desenvolvido com enfoque na abordagem do blended learning, além de descrever uma mesclagem com o tandem learning num projeto piloto de uma disciplina curricular de Inglês na Escola de Negócios e Hospitalidade de uma universidade brasileira. Keyseane Santos da Silva, em “Análise reflexiva dos telecentros como espaços de inclusão digital no Amazonas”, discute a dimensão política e social dos telecentros comunitários em Manaus a partir da análise das políticas públicas de inclusão digital, assinalando pontos críticos e contribuindo para a compreensão da dinâmica de inclusão digital e desenvolvimento social no Amazonas. Wilkens Lenon Silva de Andrade, em “Reflexões sobre educação, sociedade e tecnologia, numa perspectiva libertadora”, analisa as contradições existentes entre a produção do conhecimento no contexto da cultura escolar, sobretudo no âmbito da academia, e a privatizazão do conhecimento a partir das novas práticas capitalistas no mundo globalizado. Em “Aplicativo digital: uma contribuição para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem”, Renata Barbosa Vicente e Matheus Yuri Bezerra da Silva Araújo apresentam a elaboração do aplicativo educacional “Escolinha do Letramento” e seu sistema de funcionamento para atender crianças quecursam entre o 1º e o 2º ano doensino fundamentalI. Sabrina Bagetti, Eunice Maria Mussoi e Elena Maria Mallmann, em “Fluência tecnológico-pedagógica na produção de Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA)”, expõem resultados de uma investigação sobre as implicações da fluência tecnológico-pedagógica na produção de videoaulas no formato Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA). Tiago Barbosa Souza e Maria Iara Zilda Návea da Silva Mourão, em “Ensinar francês por dispositivos móveis: uma experiência com Duolingo e WhatsApp”, relatam uma prática pedagógica que enfatizou o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas no ensino de língua francesa em uma universidade pública no ano de 2015.Iniciamos a trilha “Semiótica e Tecnologia” com o artigo de Mário Sérgio Teodoro da Silva Junior, “Formas da expressão animatorial: o sentido dos movimentos na animação Disney”, no qual ele explora, dentro da perspectiva da semiótica discursiva, alguns conceitos de desenho animado, presentes na produção de filmes de animação dos estúdios da Walt Disney. Em “Castelo Rá-Tim-Bum: Das práticas educativas às formas de vida”, Carolina Mazzaron de Castro e Naiá Sadi Câmara analisam, também pela semiótica francesa, estratégias de interação do programa Castelo Rá-Tim-Bum, considerando-o como um gênero didático pedagógico produzido no universo de práticas educativas não formais. Juliane Bassanufa Oliveira e Carlos Francisco de Morais, em “Anna Karenina no cinema: o primeiro encontro de Anna e Vronski nos filmes de 1935, 1948 e 2012”, analisam a primeira cena de encontro entre Anna Karenina e Alexei Vronski nas adaptações cinematográficas de 1935 (Clarence Brown), 1948 (Julien Duvivier) e 2012 (Joe Wright) e do texto literário de Tolstói (1877), mostrando as diferentes formas de realizar adaptações. Mauriceia Silva de Paula Vieira, Paula Silva Abreu, em “Letramento multimodal e argumentação: análise de estratégias persuasivas no anúncio publicitário”, analisam, com base na Gramática do Design Visual, anúncios publicitários veiculados no YouTube, com vistas a compreender como os diferentes recursos semióticos contribuem para que o anúncio possa significar mais e atingir o público-alvo.Na trilha “Produção Textual e Tecnologia”, o artigo de Jorge Fernando Barbosa do Amaral, “Arnaldo Antunes, poesia primitiva”, investiga, a partir da análise do poema “sem saída”, de Augusto de Campos, a poesia interativa, disponibilizada na internet, que tem como condição de desenvolvimento a interação direta com o interlocutor, além de analisar a poesia multimídia de Arnaldo Antunes a partir de seu exercício de manipulação dos recursos materiais da palavra. Por fim, em “Produção textual e autoria em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem: uma escrita dialógica”, Claudemir Sousa discute uma concepção dialógica de escrita, com base em uma interação virtual escrita de estudantes de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo, baseando-se nos pressupostos teóricos de Mikhail Bakhtin.Desejamos a todos uma produtiva leitura desses textos que trazemos à luz nesta edição.

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Tsygankov, Alexander S. « History of Philosophy. 2018, Vol. 23, No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory and Methodology of History of Philosophy Rodion V. Savinov. Philosophy of Antiquity in Scholasticism This article examines the forms of understanding ancient philosophy in medieval and post-medieval scholasticism. Using the comparative method the author identifies the main approaches to the philosophical heritage of Antiquity, and to the problem of reviving the doctrines of the past. The Patristics (Epiphanius of Cyprus, Filastrius of Brixia, Lactantius, Augustine) saw the ancient cosmological doctrines as heresies. The early Middle Ages (e.g., Isidore of Seville) assimilated the content of these heresiographic treatises, which became the main source of information about ancient philosophy. Scholasticism of the 13th–14th cent. remained cautious to ancient philosophy and distinguished, on the one hand, the doctrinal content discussed in the framework of the exegetic problems at universities (Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, etc.), and, on the other hand, information on ancient philosophers integrated into chronological models of medieval chronicles (Peter Comestor, Vincent de Beauvais, Walter Burleigh). Finally, the post-medieval scholasticism (Pedro Fonseca, Conimbricenses, Th. Stanley, and others) raised the questions of the «history of ideas», thereby laying the foundation of the history of philosophy in its modern sense. Keywords : history of philosophy, Patristic, Scholasticism, reflection, critic DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-5-17 World Philosophy : the Past and the Present Mariya A. Solopova. The Chronology of Democritus and the Fall of Troy The article considers the chronology of Democritus of Abdera. In the times of Classical Antiquity, three different birth dates for Democritus were known : c. 495 BC (according to Diodorus of Sicily), c. 470 BC (according to Thrasyllus), and c. 460 BC (according to Apollodorus of Athens). These dates must be coordinated with the most valuable doxographic evidence, according to which Democritus 1) "was a young man during Anaxagoras’s old age" and that 2) the Lesser World-System (Diakosmos) was compiled 730 years after the Fall of Troy. The article considers the argument in favor of the most authoritative datings belonging to Apollodorus and Thrasyllus, and draws special attention to the meaning of the dating of Democritus’ work by himself from the year of the Fall of Troy. The question arises, what prompted Democritus to talk about the date of the Fall of Troy and how he could calculate it. The article expresses the opinion that Democritus indicated the date of the Fall of Troy not with the aim of proposing its own date, different from others, but in order to date the Lesser World-System in the spirit of intellectual achievements of his time, in which, perhaps, the history of the development of mankind from the primitive state to the emergence of civilization was discussed. The article discusses how to explain the number 730 and argues that it can be the result of combinations of numbers 20 (the number of generations that lived from the Fall of Troy to Democritus), 35 – one of the constants used for calculations of generations in genealogical research, and 30. The last figure perhaps indicates the age of Democritus himself, when he wrote the Lesser Diakosmos : 30 years old. Keywords : Ancient Greek philosophy, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Greek chronography, doxographers, Apollodorus, Thrasyllus, capture of Troy, ancient genealogies, the length of a generation DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-18-31 Bembya L. Mitruyev. “Yogācārabhumi-Śāstra” as a Historical and Philosophical Source The article deals with “Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra” – a treatise on the Buddhist Yogācāra school. Concerning the authorship of this text, the Indian and Chinese traditions diverge : in the first, the treatise is attributed to Asanga, and in the second tradition to Maitreya. Most of the modern scholars consider it to be a compilation of many texts, and not the work of one author. Being an important monument for both the Yogacara tradition and Mahayana Buddhism in general, Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra is an object of scientific interest for the researchers all around the world. The text of the treatise consists of five parts, which are divided into chapters. The contents of the treatise sheds light on many concepts of Yogācāra, such as ālayavijñāna, trisvabhāva, kliṣṭamanas, etc. Having briefly considered the textological problems : authorship, dating, translation, commenting and genre of the text, the author suggests the reconstruction of the content of the entire monument, made on the basis of his own translation from the Tibetan and Sanskrit. This allows him to single out from the whole variety of topics those topics, the study of which will increase knowledge about the history of the formation of the basic philosophical concepts of Yogācāra and thereby allow a deeper understanding of the historical and philosophical process in Buddhism and in other philosophical movements of India. Keywords : Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, Asaṅga, Māhāyana, Vijñānavāda, Yogācāra, Abhidharma, ālayavijñāna citta, bhūmi, mind, consciousness, meditation DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-32-43 Tatiana G. Korneeva. Knowledge in Nāșir Khusraw’s Philosophy The article deals with the concept of “knowledge” in the philosophy of Nāșir Khusraw. The author analyzes the formation of the theory of knowledge in the Arab-Muslim philosophy. At the early stages of the formation of the Arab-Muslim philosophy the discussion of the question of cognition was conducted in the framework of ethical and religious disputes. Later followers of the Falsafa introduced the legacy of ancient philosophers into scientific circulation and began to discuss the problems of cognition in a philosophical way. Nāșir Khusraw, an Ismaili philosopher of the 11th century, expanded the scope of knowledge and revised the goals and objectives of the process of cognition. He put knowledge in the foundation of the world order, made it the cause and ultimate goal of the creation of the world. In his philosophy knowledge is the link between the different levels of the universe. The article analyzes the Nāșir Khusraw’s views on the role of knowledge in various fields – metaphysics, cosmogony, ethics and eschatology. Keywords : knowledge, cognition, Ismailism, Nāșir Khusraw, Neoplatonism, Arab-Muslim philosophy, kalām, falsafa DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-44-55 Vera Pozzi. Problems of Ontology and Criticism of the Kantian Formalism in Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” (Part II) This paper is a follow-up of the paper «Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” and the St. Petersburg Theological Academy» (Part I). The issue and the role of “ontology” in Vetrinskii’s textbook is analyzed in detail, as well as the author’s critique of Kantian “formalism” : in this connection, the paper provides a description of Vetrinskii’s discussion about Kantian theory of the a priori forms of sensible intuition and understanding. To sum up, Vetrinskii was well acquainted not only with Kantian works – and he was able to fully evaluate their innovative significance – but also with late Scholastic textbooks of the German area. Moreover, he relied on the latters to build up an eclectic defense of traditional Metaphysics, avoiding at the same time to refuse Kantian perspective in the sake of mere reaffirming a “traditional” perspective. Keywords : Philosophizing at Russian Theological Academies, Russian Enlightenment, Russian early Kantianism, St. Petersburg Theological Academy, history of Russian philosophy, history of metaphysics, G.I. Wenzel, I. Ya. Vetrinskii DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-56-67 Alexey E. Savin. Criticism of Judaism in Hegel's Early “Theological” Writings The aim of the article is to reveal the nature of criticism of Judaism by the “young” Hegel and underlying intuitions. The investigation is based on the phenomenological approach. It seeks to explicate the horizon of early Hegel's thinking. The revolutionary role of early Hegel’s ideas reactivation in the history of philosophy is revealed. The article demonstrates the fundamental importance of criticism of Judaism for the development of Hegel's thought. The sources of Hegelian thematization and problematization of Judaism – his Protestant theological background within the framework of supranaturalism and the then discussion about human rights and political emancipation of Jews – are discovered. Hegel's interpretation of the history of the Jewish people and the origin of Judaism from the destruction of trust in nature, the fundamental mood of distrust and fear of the world, leading to the development of alienation, is revealed. The falsity of the widespread thesis about early Hegel’s anti-Semitism is demonstrated. The reasons for the transition of early Hegel from “theology” to philosophy are revealed. Keywords : Hegel, Judaism, history, criticism, anti-Semitism, trust, nature, alienation, tyranny, philosophy DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-68-80 Evgeniya A. Dolgova. Philosophy at the Institute of Red Professors (1921–1938) : Institutional Forms, Methods of Teaching, Students, Lecturers The article explores the history of the Institute of the Red Professors in philosophy (1921–1938). Referring to the unpublished documents in the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author explores its financial and infrastructure support, information sphere, characterizes students and teachers. The article illustrates the practical experience of the functioning of philosophy within the framework of one of the extraordinary “revolutionary” projects on the renewal of the scientific and pedagogical sphere, reflects a vivid and ambiguous picture of the work of the educational institution in the 1920s and 1930s and corrects some of historiographical judgments (about the politically and socially homogeneous composition of the Institute of Red Professors, the specifics of state support of its work, privileges and the social status of the “red professors”). Keywords : Institute of the Red Professors in Philosophy, Philosophical Department, soviet education, teachers, students, teaching methods DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-81-94 Vladimir V. Starovoitov. K. Horney about the Consequences of Neurotic Development and the Ways of Its Overcoming This article investigates the views of Karen Horney on psychoanalysis and neurotic development of personality in her last two books : “Our Inner Conflicts” (1945) and “Neurosis and Human Grows” (1950), and also in her two articles “On Feeling Abused” (1951) and “The Paucity of Inner Experiences” (1952), written in the last two years of her life and summarizing her views on clinical and theoretical problems in her work with neurotics. If in her first book “The Neurotic Personality of Our Time” (1937) neurosis was a result of disturbed interpersonal relations, caused by conditions of culture, then the concept of the idealized Self open the gates to the intrapsychic life. Keywords : Neo-Freudianism, psychoanalysis, neurotic development of personality, real Self, idealized image of Self DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-95-102 Publications and Translations Victoria G. Lysenko. Dignāga on the Definition of Perception in the Vādaviddhi of Vasubandhu. A Historical and Philosophical Reconstruction of Dignāga’s Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (1.13-16) The paper investigates a fragment from Dignāga’s magnum opus Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (“Body of tools for reliable knowledge with a commentary”, 1, 13-16) where Dignāga challenges Vasubandhu’s definition of perception in the Vādaviddhi (“Rules of the dispute”). The definition from the Vādaviddhi is being compared in the paper with Vasubandhu’s ideas of perception in Abhidharmakośabhāṣya (“Encyclopedia of Abhidharma with the commentary”), and with Dignāga’s own definition of valid perception in the first part of his Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti as well as in his Ālambanaparīkśavṛtti (“Investigation of the Object with the commentary”). The author puts forward the hypothesis that Dignāga criticizes the definition of perception in Vādaviddhi for the reason that it does not correspond to the teachings of Vasubandhu in his Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, to which he, Dignāga, referred earlier in his magnum opus. This helps Dignāga to justify his statement that Vasubandhu himself considered Vādaviddhi as not containing the essence of his teaching (asāra). In addition, the article reconstructs the logical sequence in Dignāga’s exegesis : he criticizes the Vādaviddhi definition from the representational standpoint of Sautrāntika school, by showing that it does not fulfill the function prescribed by Indian logic to definition, that of distinguishing perception from the classes of heterogeneous and homogeneous phenomena. Having proved the impossibility of moving further according to the “realistic logic” based on recognizing the existence of an external object, Dignāga interprets the Vādaviddhi’s definition in terms of linguistic philosophy, according to which the language refers not to external objects and not to the unique and private sensory experience (svalakṣaṇa-qualia), but to the general characteristics (sāmānya-lakṣaṇa), which are mental constructs (kalpanā). Keywords : Buddhism, linguistic philosophy, perception, theory of definition, consciousness, Vaibhashika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Vasubandhu, Dignaga DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-103-117 Elizaveta A. Miroshnichenko. Talks about Lev N. Tolstoy : Reception of the Writer's Views in the Public Thought of Russia at the End of the 19th Century (Dedicated to the 190th Anniversary of the Great Russian Writer and Thinker) This article includes previously unpublished letters of Russian social thinkers such as N.N. Strakhov, E.M. Feoktistov, D.N. Tsertelev. These letters provide critical assessment of Lev N. Tolstoy’s teachings. The preface to publication includes the history of reception of Tolstoy’s moral and aesthetic philosophy by his contemporaries, as well as influence of his theory on the beliefs of Russian idealist philosopher D.N. Tsertelev. The author offers a rational reconstruction of the dialogue between two generations of thinkers representative of the 19th century – Lev N. Tolstoy and N.N. Strakhov, on the one hand, and D.N. Tsertelev, on the other. The main thesis of the paper : the “old” and the “new” generations of the 19th-century thinkers retained mutual interest and continuity in setting the problems and objectives of philosophy, despite the numerous worldview contradictions. Keywords : Russian philosophy of the nineteenth century, L.N. Tolstoy, N.N. Strakhov, D.N. Tsertelev, epistolary heritage, ethics, aesthetics DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-118-130 Reviews Nataliya A. Tatarenko. History of Philosophy in a Format of Lecture Notes (on Hegel G.W.F. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829). Hrsg. von A.P. Olivier und A. Gethmann-Siefert. München : Wilhelm Fink, 2017. XXXI + 254 S.) Released last year, the book “G.W.F. Hegel. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829)” in German is a publication of one of the student's manuskript of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Adolf Heimann was a student of Hegel in 1828/29. These notes open for us imaginary doors into the audience of the Berlin University, where Hegel read his fourth and final course on the philosophy of art. A distinctive feature of this course is a new structure of lectures in comparison with three previous courses. This three-part division was took by H.G. Hotho as the basis for the edited by him text “Lectures on Aesthetics”, included in the first collection of Hegel’s works. The content of that publication was mainly based on the lectures of 1823 and 1826. There are a number of differences between the analyzed published manuskript and the students' records of 1820/21, 1823 and 1826, as well as between the manuskript and the editorial version of H.G. Hotho. These features show that Hegel throughout all four series of Berlin lectures on the philosophy of art actively developed and revised the structure and content of aesthetics. But unfortunately this evidence of the permanent development was not taken into account by the first editor of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Keywords : G.W.F. Hegel, H.G. Hotho, philosophy of art, aesthetics, forms of art, idea of beauty, ideal DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-131-138 Alexander S. Tsygankov. On the Way to the Revival of Metaphysics : S.L. Frank and E. Coreth Readers are invited to review the monograph of the modern German researcher Oksana Nazarova “The problem of the renaissance and new foundation of metaphysics through the example of Christian philosophical tradition. Russian religious philosophy (Simon L. Frank) and German neosholastics (Emerich Coreth)”, which was published in 2017 in Munich. In the paper, the author offers a comparative analysis of the projects of a new, “post-dogmatic” metaphysics, which were developed in the philosophy of Frank and Coreth. This study addresses the problems of the cognitive-theoretical and ontological foundation of the renaissance of metaphysics, the methodological tools of the new metaphysics, as well as its anthropological component. O. Nazarova's book is based on the comparative analysis of Frank's religious philosophy and Coreth's neo-cholastic philosophy from the beginning to the end. This makes the study unique in its own way. Since earlier in the German reception of the heritage of Russian thinker, the comparison of Frank's philosophy with the Catholic theology of the 20th century was realized only fragmentarily and did not act as a fundamental one. Along with a deep and meaningful analysis of the metaphysical projects of both thinkers, this makes O. Nazarova's book relevant to anyone who is interested in the philosophical dialogue of Russia and Western Europe and is engaged in the work of Frank and Coreth. Keywords : the renaissance of metaphysics, post-Kantian philosophy, Christian philosophy, S.L. Frank, E. Coreth DOI : 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147 ». History of Philosophy 23, n^o 2 (octobre 2018) : 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147.

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Zhylenko, Iryna. « EXISTENTIAL VISIONS IN SMALL PROSE OF EMIGRANT WRITERS OF THE 1920's ». Fìlologìčnì traktati, 2019, 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/ftrk.2019.11(3-4)-6.

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The article deals with the existential visions of the period of literary emigration in 1919–1939 according to the stories of the Ukrainian writer Oles Babij and the Russian one -Alexei Tolstoy. Within the new paradigm – existentialism – the authors showed the person through images of anxiety, despair, and longing. The negative impact of war (in O. Babij's story «Bandit») and emigration (in O. Tolstoy’work «On the Island of Hulk») on the formation of human consciousness is claimed here. Attention is drawn to the psychological aspects, symbolism, and details which are the markers of discomfort and the alienation of the heroes of both stories. The works trace the modes of the existential aesthetics: the boundary situation, the absurdity of existence, the concept of loneliness, etc. It is emphasized that similar existential motives, found out in small prose of the emigrant writers O. Tolstoy and O. Babij, appeared in the works of European writers A. Camus, J. P. Sartre almost twenty years later. Keywords: emigration, war, existential visions, psychology, despair, boundary situation.

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Lönngren, Tamara. « «Прошу [...] не гневаться моим вопросам» : норвежский профессор Олаф Брок как переводчик (из истории российско-норвежских научных связей) ». Poljarnyj vestnik 19 (15 novembre 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.3790.

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The article ""I ask you not to be annoyed at my questions": the Norwegian Professor Olaf Broch as translator (from the history of Russian-Norwegian connections)" is devoted to the translation activity of the first Professor of Slavic languages Olaf Broch, who is known primarily as a linguist. The article is based on facts previously unknown: the correspondence Olaf Broch had with the Russian academician Alexei Shakhmatov. The comparison of the translations of the fragment from the novel by Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina illustrates how Olaf Broch endeavoured to translate correctly difficult words and received assistance from his Russian friend and colleague. The publication of this archival material fills one of the gaps in the scientific biography of the famous Norwegian linguist.

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