Articles de revues sur le sujet « Ambrose College »

Claude Ambrose Rogers and his identical twin brother, Stephen Clifford, were born in Cambridge in 1920 and came from a long scientific heritage. Their great-great-grandfather, Davies Gilbert, was President of the Royal Society from 1827 to 1830; their father was a Fellow of the Society and distinguished for his work in tropical medicine. After attending boarding school at Berkhamsted with his twin brother from the age of 8 years, Ambrose, who had developed very different scientific interests from those of his father, entered University College London in 1938 to study mathematics. He completed the course in 1940 and graduated in 1941 with first-class honours, by which time the UK had been at war with Germany for two years. He joined the Applied Ballistics Branch of the Ministry of Supply in 1940, where he worked until 1945, apparently on calculations using radar data to direct anti-aircraft fire. However, this did not lead to research interests in applied mathematics, but rather to several areas of pure mathematics. Ambrose's PhD research was at Birkbeck College, London, under the supervision of L. S. Bosanquet and R. G. Cooke. Although his first paper was a short note on linear transformations of convergent series, his substantive early work was on the geometry of numbers. Later, Rogers became known for his very wide interests in mathematics, including not only geometry of numbers but also Hausdorff measures, convexity and analytic sets, as described in this memoir. Ambrose was married in 1952 to Joan North, and they had two daughters, Jane and Petra, to form a happy family.

Ralph Ambrose Kekwick was born on 11 November 1908 at Leytonstone, Essex. Records of the Kekwick family go back to 1750, when they were living near Warrington in the parish of Daresbury. They were then Quakers and were involved in the local dye industry. In about 1800 they started to move south, and Ralph's grandfather, John Kekwick (1815–82), lived first in Abingdon and then, after the death of his first wife, moved to Bromley-by-Bow, where he worked as a corn factor. A second marriage outside the sect made him unacceptable to the Society of Friends and thus broke the family association with the Quakers. John Kekwick had two daughters and six sons by his second wife; of these, Ralph's father, Oliver A. Kekwick (1865–1939), was the youngest but one. He eventually became a managing clerk in a firm of ships' chandlers in Albert Docks, London. Ralph's maternal great-grandfather, James Price (1820–1900) had an administrative post at the Guildhall, London, and was responsible for the organization of the Lord Mayor's procession and banquets at the Guildhall. His eldest son, James Price (1840–1911), Ralph's grandfather, followed his father into employment at the Guildhall. James Price had three daughters and a son; Ralph's mother, Mary E. Price (1868–1958) was his eldest child. At the age of 13 she became a pupil-teacher at Bromley St Leonard's Church school, Bromley-by-Bow, where she had been a scholar. She was compelled to give up teaching when she married in 1898, in accordance with the regulations then in force, but she was called back to teach in Leyton during World War I at a boys' elementary school and, although Essex reinstated their ‘no married women’ rule after the war, London County Council had less strict regulations and she continued to teach until she reached retirement age. Ralph was the youngest of her three children; she had an elder boy, Leslie Oliver (1899–1975) and a girl, Phyllis Mary (1902–78); with her strong character and interest in education she was a considerable formative influence in Ralph's early life and had taught him to read before he started school. Ralph attended infants' and elementary schools in Leytonstone and then in 1919 gained a scholarship to Leyton County High School for boys. He remembered two outstanding masters, W.F. Woolner-Bird, who taught mathematics, and W.E. (later Sir Emrys) Williams, who aroused his interest in English literature. Ralph enjoyed his schooldays and was keen on all forms of sport. His elder brother, Leslie, lived at home while studying for a degree in chemistry at University College London (UCL), and it was his accounts of the experiments that they were doing that excited Ralph and firmly set him on a course towards a career in science. .In 1925, aged 16, Ralph passed the School Certificate with a sufficient number of subjects and distinctions to make him immediately eligible for university entrance. His father was in poor health at the time and it was decided that Ralph should go up to university rather than stay on at school for two more years to take the Higher School Certificate.

It’s summer, and there are middle school students running around the university library. Why?St. Ambrose University (SAU) Library held summer camps for 6th- through 8th-grade students in 2018 and 2019. The first was Digital Film Camp, and the second was National History Day Boot Camp. If you work in higher education, chances are good that you’ve heard about the campus demographic cliff and been charged with doing your part to address this enrollment challenge. In alignment with a campus-wide initiative to bolster pre-college summer camps for potential students, the library hosted summer camps for middle school students as part of this community outreach and engagement strategy. The goal of these camps was to offer enriching experiences that create positive impressions of the campus and library.

The study examined the effect of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on pre-service teachers' performance in reaction rate concepts. The research employed the quasi-experimental design of a one group pretest-posttest type. A sample of one hundred and fifty (150) pre-service teachers were selected from an accessible population of level hundred (L100) students from the St. Ambrose College of Education at Dormaa Akwamu in the Bono Region of Ghana. Reaction Rate Concept Test (RRCT) was used to gather data for the research. Percentages and Means were used to answer research questions. The results show that the CAI strategy has a positive effect on pre-service teachers' performance on reaction rate concepts. The study again shows that the use of CAI can improve learners' performance in science and can help learners in high-level cognitive performance. CAI strategy proved to be an effective conceptual change teaching strategy in science. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that science teachers should adopt the CAI and other ICT related strategies in teaching for improved learning outcomes in Chemistry.

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2 Agboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAhmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAmany Albert, Beni-Suef University, EgyptAnastasia Panagakos, Cosumnes River College, USAAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalBo Li, St Ambrose University, USAE.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II, Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJohn Boulard Forkuor , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) , GhanaJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USAMohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaRemigiusz Kijak, "University of Warsaw", PolandSandro Serpa, University of the Azores, PortugalShariq aziz butt, Superior University Lahore, PakistanValentina Evangelista, G. d’Annunzio University, ItalyXian-Liang Tian, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, ChinaYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China, China/Australia

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 8 Agboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAhmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAmanda ElBassiouny, Spring Hill College, USABegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Politécnica de València, SpainBo Li, St Ambrose University, USABonnie L McIntyre, Catholic University of America, Washington D.C., USAE.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyEmanuele Achino, C. D. T. O., ItalyGhazali Bello Abubakar, Sokoto State University, NigeriaGülsüm Depeli, Hacettepe University, TurkeyHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAJadranka Svarc, Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, CroatiaJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USAK.O. Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaKatja Eman, Univerza v Mariboru, SloveniaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMickey Langlais, University of Nebraska – Kearney, USAMohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPriyono, Economics Faculty Universities, IndonesiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRasa Poceviciene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaShariq aziz butt, Superior University Lahore, PakistanValentina Evangelista, G. d’Annunzio University, ItalyYaghoob Foroutan , The University of Waikato, New ZealandYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China, China/AustraliaZafer İbrahimoglu, Marmara University, Turkey

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 5Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAnastasia Panagakos, Cosumnes River College, USAAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAslan,Yasin, Sinop University, TurkeyBegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Politécnica de València, SpainBo Li, St Ambrose University, USAE.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyEmilio Greco, Sapienza University of Rome, ItalyFroilan Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJuanita GOICOVICI, University Babeș-Bolyai of Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USAKatja Eman, Univerza v Mariboru, SloveniaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMichael Brooks, North Carolina A&T State University, USAMohamed Mehdi Jelassi, IHEC Carthage, TunisiaNadarajah Pushparajah, University of Jaffna, Sri LankaOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyRonaldo R. Larioque, NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PhilippinesYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China , China/Australia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 3Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAmany Albert, Beni-Suef University, EgyptAnastasia Panagakos, Cosumnes River College, USAAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAurora Pestaño, University of San Jose Recoletos (USJR), PhilippinesAyşegül Sili Kalem, Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi, TurkeyBo Li, St Ambrose University, USADaniel Tia, University of Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, GRATHEL , Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)E.Ozan Aksoz, Anadolu University, TurkeyFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyGülsüm Depeli, Hacettepe University, TurkeyHao Liu, Beijing Normal University, ChinaHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAIoannis Makris, High School of Pedagogical and Technical Education, GreeceIvan Lenard, Elementary school Ladimirevci, CroatiaJibrin Ubale Yahaya, National Open University of Nigeria NOUN, NigeriaLaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMałgorzata Haładewicz, Opole University of Technology, PolandMd. Nasir Uddin, Prime Minister’s Office, BangladeshMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMichael Brooks, North Carolina A&T State University, USAMohamed Mehdi Jelassi, IHEC Carthage, TunisiaNadarajah Pushparajah, University of Jaffna, Sri LankaPeriyasami Anbarasan, Indian Institute of technology Delhi, IndiaRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education,Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaRima Meilita Sari, STKIP Al-Washliyah, IndonesiaUğur DEMİRCİ, Turkish National Police, Turkey James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Since intracapsular fracture neck femur was recognized by Ambrose Pare almost 4 centuries back, the management of intracapsular neck femur fracture has undergone many changes. The multitude of various implants designed and techniques available for its treatment themselves indicate the inadequacy of the various methods of treatment. Objective was to compare cannulated cancellous screws (CCS) versus dynamic hip screw (DHS) in femoral neck fractures in productive age group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This observational study with both prospective and retrospective data analysis of patients operated by different surgeons in same hospital setup has been conducted from March, 2018 to February, 2020 at the department of Orthopedics, Government Medical College (GMC), Jammu. 105 cases satisfying the inclusion criteria admitted in GMC Jammu were included clinically and radiologically. Total number of patients included in the study was 97 patients as 8 patients were lost to follow-up. Functional outcome was evaluated by using Harris hip scoring.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study 8 CCS cases were lost to follow up. Total 97 of cases were followed up till one year both radiologically and clinically after a given time intervals and final assessment done on the basis of Harris hip score. Among 97 cases 71 were males most of them in age group of 41-45 years and 26 were females with 46-50 years age group predominance. 47.42% fractures were classified as type III in garden’s staging. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> DHS is a better implant than CCS in hands of doctors who lack of expertise and precision i.e. required for CCS in fracture neck femur in young adult patients.</p>

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 3Ahmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAmany Albert, Beni-Suef University, EgyptAmir Hossain, IBAIS University, BangladeshAnna Maria Mouza, Technological Educational Institution of Serres, GreeceAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAslan,Yasin, Sinop University, TurkeyBassam Yousef Ibrahim Banat, Al-Quds University, PalestineBegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Politécnica de València, SpainBo Li, St Ambrose University, USAChris Gilleard, University College London, UKEmanuele Achino, C. D. T. O., ItalyFernando Aragón-Durand, National Autonomous University of Mexico, MexicoGonzalo Capellan-Miguel, Spanish Minister of Education in United Kingdom, SpainHao Liu, Beijing Normal University, ChinaHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAHyejin Lee, Tufts University, MA, USA and Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea, USAJesster Pasule Eduardo, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, PhilippinesJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USALaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaLing Wei, China Foreign Affairs University, ChinaMałgorzata Haładewicz, Opole University of Technology, PolandMasami Tsuji, Meiji University, JapanMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMickey Langlais, University of Nebraska – Kearney, USAMikiyasu Nakayama, the University of Tokyo, JapanMohamed Mehdi Jelassi, IHEC Carthage, TunisiaMohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyRachita Shrivastava Roy, Department of Higher Education, Chhatisgarh-India, IndiaRakesh Arya, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Raymond Chan, City University of Hong Kong, Hong KongRemigiusz Kijak, "University of Warsaw, PolandRenu, Central University of Haryana, India Riam Elmorshedy, South Valley University, EgyptRodrigo Cabrera Pertusatti, University of Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSana Ali, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, PakistanSandro Serpa, University of the Azores, PortugalSharif Alghazo, University of Jordan, JordanShariq aziz butt, Superior University Lahore, PakistanYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China

A survey of five of the islands of American Samoa was conducted from 2016–2018 utilizing multi-funnel traps baited with ethanol and quercivorol (attractants for xyleborine ambrosia beetles). Specimens of Scolytinae and Platypodinae from this survey, as well as specimens in the American Samoa Community College Collection were identified. A total of 53 species of Scolytinae and two species of Platypodinae are reported. Fourteen species of Scolytinae and one species of Platypodinae are reported as new to American Samoa. The following new synonymy and new combinations are proposed: Xyleborinus artelineatus (Beeson, 1929) (=Xyleborinus cinctipennis (Schedl, 1980) syn. nov.; Ambrosiophilus wilderi (Beeson, 1929) comb. nov. from Ambrosiodmus; Beaverium swezeyi (Beeson, 1929) comb. nov. from Xyleborus; and Debus fallaxoides (Schedl, 1955) comb. nov. from Xyleborus. The distribution on the islands of American Samoa and taxonomic history of each species is provided.

In this paper, we remark that any optimal coupling for the quadratic Wasserstein distance W22(μ,ν) between two probability measures μ and ν with finite second order moments on ℝd is the composition of a martingale coupling with an optimal transport map 𝛵. We check the existence of an optimal coupling in which this map gives the unique optimal coupling between μ and 𝛵#μ. Next, we give a direct proof that σ ↦ W22(σ,ν) is differentiable at μ in the Lions (Cours au Collège de France. 2008) sense iff there is a unique optimal coupling between μ and ν and this coupling is given by a map. It was known combining results by Ambrosio, Gigli and Savaré (Lectures in Mathematics ETH Zürich. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2005) and Ambrosio and Gangbo (Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 61:18–53, 2008) that, under the latter condition, geometric differentiability holds. Moreover, the two notions of differentiability are equivalent according to the recent paper of Gangbo and Tudorascu (J. Math. Pures Appl. 125:119–174, 2019). Besides, we give a self-contained probabilistic proof that mere Fréchet differentiability of a law invariant function F on L2(Ω, ℙ; ℝd) is enough for the Fréchet differential at X to be a measurable function of X.

AbstractThere is a tendency in the Catholic theological tradition to attribute to apophaticism a status superior to the via affirmationis. There are good reasons to offer a critique of this tendency, if only to raise once again the issue of theological rhetoric, especially as it makes use of metaphor and paradox. To make the point, the present essay then proceeds to exemplify the affirmation-negation dynamic of the Profession of Faith in an expansive, poetical version of the Creed of the Great Tradition. Ambrose's classical hymn Te Deum has functioned as a model for the piece. And who knows if this attempt might help restore the theology of the Blessed Trinity to the classrooms of Catholic colleges, from which it has virtually disappeared, often under cover of apophaticism or (worse) ethics?

Ambrosi B, Peverelli S, Passini E, Re T, Ferrario R, Colombo P, Sartorio A, Faglia G. Abnormalities of endocrine function in patients with clinically "silent" adrenal masses. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:422–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Because, in recent years, patients with incidentally discovered adrenal masses have been encountered increasingly, their endocrine function was investigated in basal conditions and after dynamic tests. Thirty-two patients (23 women and 9 men, aged 28–74 years) were studied. Lesion diameter, as documented by computed tomography and/or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, ranged between 5 and 65 mm; the tumors were localized on the right in 22 patients, on the left in 5 and bilaterally in 5 cases. In basal conditions, urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion, plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol levels were normal, except for 4 patients who showed high UFC and ACTH levels in the low–normal range. Ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH, 1 μg/kg iv) was given to 18 patients, inducing normal ACTH and cortisol responses in 12, blunted responses in 4 and no response in 2 cases. No reduction in ACTH and cortisol levels after suppression tests was observed in 4 of 29 patients after dexamethasone (1 mg overnight) or in 6 of 29 after loperamide. The 4 patients who were unresponsive to both tests did not show any further inhibition after high-dose dexamethasone administration, had low plasma ACTH levels and showed impaired or absent responses to the CRH test: they were diagnosed as affected with preclinical Cushing's syndrome. An exogenous ACTH test performed in 30 patients caused a normal cortisol rise. Basal mean 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels were not different from those in normal subjects. After ACTH the 17-OHP rate increase was higher than in normal subjects (17-OHP(30–)/30 min = 0.31 ±0.04 vs 0.07 ± 0.01 nmol·1−1·min−1; mean±SEM, p < 0.01); in particular, this parameter was elevated in 18 of 30 patients (17-OHP(30–0)/30 min range = 0.23–1.07 vs 0.01–0.19 nmol·1−1·min−1 in normal subjects). In a subset of 11 patients, serum markers of bone (bone-GLA protein (BGP) and carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and collagen turnover (aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP)) were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than in normal subjects: in particular, in 2 preclinical Cushing's patients they were markedly reduced and rose after unilateral adrenalectomy. Of these 2 patients who underwent surgery, 1 showed a secondary hypoadrenalism. The histological study in 7 operated patients revealed the presence of benign adenoma in 4 cases and carcinoma, myelolipoma and hematoma in the others. In conclusion, in patients with incidentalomas endocrine testing is recommended because about two-thirds of them show subtle signs of adrenal overactivity. In patients with enzymatic defects of steroidogenesis a surgical approach is not suggested. On the contrary, the existence of a preclinical Cushing's syndrome has to be investigated carefully and followed up in order to disclose the possible appearance of clinical and/or metabolic features induced by the hypercortisolism and to suggest a surgical treatment. B Ambrosi, Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

Abstract Abstract 1179 Background Previous studies by our laboratory have demonstrated changes in apheresis collected, PLT concentrates during storage that are enhanced by Mirasol®PRT treatment. These include increased expression of P-selectin on PLTs and increased formation of neutrophil (PMN)/PLT aggregates. To explore the effect of these changes in a microvascular environment, we measured PLT adherence in a microfluidic chamber coated with collagen. Methods Three, double apheresis platelet products were collected from healthy volunteers with TRIMA system under an IRB approved protocol. One product of each pair was treated with Mirasol PRT and both were stored under standard conditions. Aliquots were sterilely removed from products during storage. To 1000 μl of fresh, ABO type specific, citrate anticoagulated whole blood was added 60 μl of apheresis platelet concentrate with or without PRT treatment on day 1 or 7 of storage and incubated for 5 min at 37C. The sample was recalcified with 20 mM CaCl2 and then pulled through the inlet of a microfluidic chamber at a flow sheer rate of 100 s−1. The flow chamber was composed of two parts, a glass slide patterned with collagen and a series of four polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chambers per inlet. Stored PLTs were labeled with fluorescently labeled anti-CD41 to distinguish from PLTs of the whole blood. The chamber was mounted on an inverted fluorescence microscope, and video microscopic images sampled on observation field every 7 sec over 7 min. The number of fluorescent cells (stored PLTs) per field and the total area covered by all PLTs were determined at 7 min. Results The area, expressed as % of total field, covered by all of the PLTs in the sample was not different for whole blood alone (29 ± 3); Day 1 untreated (23 ± 9); Day 1 PRT treated (26 ± 8); Day 7 untreated (21 ± 5); and Day 7 treated (25 ± 9) PLTs. In contrast, there was an increase in the number of treated apheresis PLTs at Day 1 compared to untreated apheresis platelets binding to the chamber (2.26 ± 0.61 untreated, vs. 5.45 ± 1.45 treated, numbers are mean ± SEM for numbers of cells adhered normalized to the PLT count in the product, significant, p=0.0229). There was also an increase in binding of treated compared to untreated PLTs at Day 7 (2.43 ± 0.47 untreated, vs. 4.42 ± 1.35 treated). However, the results for untreated PLTs on Day 1 and 7 and treated PLTs on study days were not different. The increased binding of Mirasol PRT treated PLTs parallels the small decrease in recovery seen in clinical studies of patients receiving treated PLT concentrates compared to untreated products. Conclusion PRT treatment increases adherence of PLTs early in storage but does not appear to progress further. The changes may have implications for clinical responses to platelet transfusions. Evaluation of adherence in the microfluidic chamber provide a model which simulate the microvascular environment. Disclosures: Ambruso: Terumo BCT: Research Funding. Seewald:Terumo BCT: Research Funding. Marschner:Terumo BCT: Employment. Goodrich:Terumo BCT: Employment.

Rupture of the Achilles tendon was reportedly first described by Ambroise Pare in 1575 and was reported in the literature in 1633. After the 1920s the use of operative treatment increased, primarily because of reports by Abrahamsen in 1923 and Quenu and Stoianovitch in 1929 who advocated surgical repair, based on accumulated cases from the literature. In this series we used 5 parameters according to Juhana Leppilahti Modified scoring system to assess the final outcome of the patient functionally. These were stand on affected tip toe unsupported, range of motion of affected side ankle, power of planter flexion, calf muscle wasting and complications. These parameters were also used in various study described in various literature. So, early repair of open Tendo Achilles injury provided an effective outcome, which was comparable with the result described in others. The study was designed as a prospective cohort study conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Study was carried out on 50 patients hospital admitted with ruptured tendoachillis, irrespective of age and sex. Modified Kessler was the procedure as operative treatment for their disease. Outpatient follow-up was undertaken. In our study among 50 patients 38(76%) were male and 12(24%) were female. Mean age was 30.02 years with standard deviation of ± 7.7. Most of the cases were operated within 6 hours of injury. After final toileting wound swab was sent for culture sensitivity and found in 60% cases E. Coli, 6% Pseudomonas, 4% Klebshiela and in 30% cases no growth. Mean delay of repair was 6 hours 7 minutes, with standard deviation ± 2.362 minutes. In our study median level of cut was 3.0 cm proximal to the insertion of Tendo Achilles and where interquartile range was 2.5 to 3.5 cm. Mean follow up period was 9 months with standard deviation was 2.37. Ankle motion were normal in 35 cases (70%) and changes of motion were up to 6-10 degree in 13(26%) patients in this series, which was very much acceptable in comparison to above studies. Only 2(4%) patients had more than 10 degree motion restricted. Common complications were superficial skin infection 4 cases (37%), mild swelling 4 cases (36%), ugly scar 2 cases (18%) and wound gap 1 cases (9%). In our study no major complication occurred but minor complications like superficial skin infection, delayed wound healing occurred which were successfully managed with an oral antibiotic regimen with no long term sequelae. In this series we assessed fifty acute open Tendo Achilles injured patients after 16 weeks of treatment. Among them 90%(45) can stand on affected tip toes unsupported, around 4 cases (8%) cannot stand on tip toes of affected foot can’t support but able to stand on affected foot with unsupported. Around 2% (1 case) failed to stand on affected foot without support due to severe infection and wound gap. The final result was as followed excellent in 28 cases (56%), good in 16 cases (32%), fair in 4 cases (8%), poor in 2 cases (4%). In this study it was found that 85% satisfactory result among 50 patients of acute open tendo Achilles injured patients by immediate repair. If this procedure put in total population then satisfactory result was found in following confidence interval (at 5% level of significance). According to Juhana Leppilahti Modified Score at 95% Confidence Interval satisfactory outcome is 78.99% to 97.00%, which was comparable with the result described in others. Early repair of open Tendo Achilles complete or partial provided an effective outcome, which was comparable with the result described in others.

The increasing rate of organisational politics and workplace conflict has been a great challenge to tertiary institutions in Edo State. This study examined how organisational politics affects workplace conflict among tertiary institutions in Edo State. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship that exists between self-interest and communication breakdown of selected tertiary institutions in Edo State. A total number of 369 copies of questionnaire was administered to the respondents domiciled in the six selected tertiary institutions under study (University of Benin, Benin city, Institute of Technology and Management, Usen, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, College of Education, Igueben, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Institute of Physical and Health Education, Afuze) using purposing sampling techniques and 343 copies of questionnaires were retrieved from the respondents. The study was guided by one research question and one hypothesis, correlational design was adopted. The data used was primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the hypothesis was tested using Pearson product moment correlation with the aid of statistical package for social science (SPSS version 21). The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between self-interest and communication breakdown among the selected tertiary institutions in Edo State and the researcher concluded that organisational politics will definitely lead to workplace conflict if not properly managed. The researcher recommended that the management of tertiary institution should put more effort in the supervision of staff so as to reduce the rate of organisational politics which measure is expected to increase employee performance, effective communication and employee output in the long run.

Chantal Fiola, Rekindling the Sacred Fire: Métis Ancestry and Anishinaabe Spirituality. Reviewed by Jonathan AnuikPhillip McCann, Island in an Empire: Education, Religion, and Social Life in Newfoundland, 1800–1855. Reviewed by Jerry BannisterGeorge E. Boulter II and Barbara Grigor-Taylor comp., The Teacher and the Superintendent: Native Schooling in the Alaska Interior, 1904 –1918. Reviewed by Sean CarletonCecilia Morgan, Creating Colonial Pasts: History, Memory, and Commemoration in Southern Ontario, 1860 –1980. Reviewed by Ryan EyfordElsie Paul, Paige Raibmon, and Harmony Johnson, Written as I Remember It: Teachings (??ms ta?aw) from the Life of a Sliammon Elder. Reviewed by Alison NormanDavid Fraser, Honorary Protestants: The Jewish School Question in Montreal, 1867–1997. Reviewed by Mary Anne PoutanenAndrew Woolford, This Benevolent Experiment: Indigenous Boarding Schools, Genocide, and Redress in Canada and the United States. Reviewed by Brian RiceLinda M. Ambrose, A Great Rural Sisterhood: Madge Robertson Watt and the ACWW. Reviewed by R. W. SandwellFrançoise F. Laot et Rebecca Rogers (dir.), Les Sciences de l’éducation. Émergence d’un champ de recherche dans l’après-guerre. Reviewed by Normand BaillargeonMartine Ruchat, Édouard Claparède. À quoi sert l’éducation ? Reviewed by Alexandre KleinMathieu Ferrand et Nathaël Istasse (éd.), Nouveaux regards sur les « Apollons de collège ». Figures du professeur humaniste en France dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle. Reviewed by Lyse Roy

Welcome to Volume 4(1) of the International Journal for Educational Integrity. Last year finished in a frenzy of activity at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Educational Integrity: Creating a Culture of Integrity, held at the University of South Australia, 7-8 December 2007. Professor Cathy Small from Northern Arizona University opened the conference with her thought-provoking presentation, 'The culture of the university: Challenges and implications for academic integrity', based on her undercover year as a college freshman. This was followed by thirty-five papers and workshops, including excellent keynote addresses by Professor Brian Martin from the University of Wollongong, Professor Bob Birrell from Monash University, and Emeritus Professor Robert Crotty from the Ethics Centre of South Australia. The full proceedings are available in CD-Rom by contacting tracey.bretag@unisa.edu.au. The next conference, scheduled for late 2009, will be held at the University of Wollongong in New South Wales, Australia. Further details will be provided in the coming months via this journal and the Asia-Pacific Forum on Educational Integrity. I would like to take this opportunity to welcome members of a newly established Editorial Board of the IJEI: Robert Crotty, Ethics Centre of South Australia; Fiona Duggan, Higher Education Academy JISC Academic Integrity Service, UK; Rebecca Moore Howard, Syracuse University; Brian Martin, University of Wollongong; Helen Marsden, University of Canberra; Don McCabe, Rutgers University; Miguel Roig, St. John's College, New York; and Daniel Wueste, Center for Academic Integrity, Clemson University. The current issue of the journal offers an eclectic mix of international and interdisciplinary insights. Kate Chanock, an Academic Language and Learning (ALL) adviser from La Trobe University in Melbourne, explores survey data which sought to provide an explanation for why many students unwittingly plagiarise. Chanock then shares her own teaching practice as a means of "mediating the gap between students' and lecturers' understandings of the purposes of attribution in scholarly writing". Sue McGowan from the University of South Australia, and Margaret Lightbody from the University of Adelaide, provide insights from Commerce as they make the case for ongoing plagiarism education for English as an additional language (EAL) students. McGowan and Lightbody outline an assignment "specifically developed to assist EAL students in a second-year financial accounting course delivered in Hong Kong, to develop an understanding of plagiarism issues within the context of their study discipline". The final two papers come from African nations, and inevitably overshadow some of the integrity issues confronting Western academics. While this is not the first time that African scholars have submitted work for consideration to the journal, this is the first time that authors, reviewers and editors have worked hand-in-hand, over multiple revisions and submissions, and an extended time period, to ensure that the final work meets international academic publishing standards. We trust that readers will agree that the message being told in both papers is important, and that academics in more privileged institutions have a responsibility to collaborate with our colleagues to ensure that these stories reach a wide audience. Anthony Nwaopara, Anthony Ifebhor and Frank Ohiwerei from Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma in Nigeria, dare to speak out about the shocking breaches of academic integrity occurring everyday in Nigeria. 'Proliferating illiteracy in the universities: A Nigerian perspective' argues that the current crisis in the Nigerian educational system is "contributing to a downward spiral in academic standards, and in particular... to decreasing literacy among Nigerian students". The authors provide a rare inside view of the underfunded Nigerian education system which exists in a broad culture of corruption, and is dominated by examination fraud, violence on campus, sexual harassment and a range of entrenched social problems. One recommendation, among others offered by the authors to ameliorate this situation, is for university authorities, administrators, lecturers, students and parents to maintain a strict code of personal ethics in all educational endeavours. By fortuitous coincidence, this suggestion is taken up by Blessing Chapfika from Masvingo State University, Zimbabwe, in his paper, 'The role of integrity in higher education'. Chapfika maintains that 'virtue ethics' as opposed to rules-based approaches to ethics, plays a crucial role in higher education. Without referring to specific behaviours or cases, Chapfika makes a strong case for the centrality of the key virtue - integrity - for both teachers and learners. I do hope you enjoy the current issue of the International Journal for Educational Integrity, and encourage you to consider submitting a paper for review. The December issue of the journal will be a special issue, guest edited by Dr Fiona Duggan, from the Higher Education Academy JISC Academic Integrity Service in the United Kingdom. Dr Duggan is seeking papers focusing on supporting and promoting academic integrity in European Higher Education Institutions. Please send your submissions directly to her at fhduggan@gmail.com. The submission deadline is 8 September 2008. Other papers not related to the Special Issue, can be submitted to the journal via the automatic tracking system, or directly to me at tracey.bretag@unisa.edu.au. Tracey Bretag, IJEI Editor April 2008 List of reviewers 2007-2008 Bambaccus, Mary. University of South Australia Barthels, Alex. University of Technology, Sydney Cadman, Kate. University of Adelaide Di Matteo, Don. University of South Australia Dick, Martin. RMIT, Melbourne Duggan, Fiona. JISC Advisory Service, U.K. East, Julianne. La Trobe University Foster, Gigi. University of South Australia Harris, Howard. University of South Australia Hastie, Brianne. University of South Australia Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya. University of South Australia Hinton, Leone. Central Queensland University Kennelly, Robert. University of Canberra Li, Laubi. University of South Australia Marsden, Helen. University of Canberra Matthews, Brian. Flinders University Morrow, Margaret. SUNY Plattsburgh, New York, U.S.A. Muller, Robert. Flinders University O’Callaghan, Terry. University of South Australia Palmer, Carolyn. Flinders University Sharman, Jason. Griffith University Smith, Erica. Charles Sturt University Van Hooft, Stan. Deakin University Wache, Dale. University of South Australia Winefield, Tony. University of South Australia.

Anders Toftgaard: “Perhaps even this distress it will some day be a joy to recall”. On Giacomo Castelvetro’s manuscripts in The Royal Library, Copenhagen. In exile from his beloved Modena, Giacomo Castelvetro (1546–1616) travelled in a Europe marked by Reformation, counter-Reformation and wars of religion. He transmitted the best of Italian Renaissance culture to the court of James VI and Queen Anna of Denmark in Edinburgh, to the court of Christian IV in Copenhagen and to Shakespeare’s London, while he incessantly collected manuscripts on Italian literature and European contemporary history. Giacomo Castelvetro lived in Denmark from August 1594 to 11 October 1595. Various manuscripts and books which belonged to Giacomo Castelvetro in his lifetime, are now kept in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. Some of them might have been in Denmark ever since Castelvetro left Denmark in 1595. Nevertheless, Giacomo Castelvetro has never been noticed by Danish scholars studying the cultural context in which he lived. The purpose of this article is to point to Castelvetro’s presence in Denmark in the period around Christian IV’s accession and to describe two of his unique manuscripts in the collection of the Royal Library. The Royal Library in Copenhagen holds a copy of the first printed Italian translation of the Quran, L’Alcorano di Macometto, nel qual si contiene la dottrina, la vita, i costumi et le leggi sue published by Andrea Arrivabene in Venice in 1547. The title page bears the name of the owner: Giacº Castelvetri. The copy was already in the library’s collections at the time of the Danish King Frederic III, in the 1660’s. The three manuscripts from the Old Royal collection (GKS), GKS 2052 4º, GKS 2053 4º and GKS 2057 4º are written partly or entirely in the hand of Giacomo Castelvetro. Moreover, a number of letters written to Giacomo Castelvetro while he was still in Edinburgh are kept among letters addressed to Jonas Charisius, the learned secretary in the Foreign Chancellery and son in law of Petrus Severinus (shelf mark NKS (New Royal Collection) 1305 2º). These letters have been dealt with by Giuseppe Migliorato who also transcribed two of them. GKS 2052 4º The manuscript GKS 2052 4º (which is now accessible in a digital facsimile on the Royal Library’s website), contains a collection of Italian proverbs explained by Giacomo Castelvetro. It is dedicated to Niels Krag, who was ambassador of the Danish King to the Scottish court, and it is dated 6 August 1593. The title page shows the following beautifully written text: Il Significato D’Alquanti belli & vari proverbi dell’Italica Favella, gia fatto da G. C. M. & hoggi riscritto, & donato,in segno di perpetua amicitia, all ecc.te.D. di legge, Il S.r. Nicolò Crachio Ambas.re. del Ser.mo Re di Dania a questa Corona, & Sig.r mio sempre osser.mo Forsan & haec olim meminisse iuvabit Nella Citta d’Edimborgo A VI d’Agosto 1593 The manuscript consists of 96 leaves. On the last page of the manuscript the title is repeated with a little variation in the colophon: Qui finisce il Significato D’alquanti proverbi italiani, hoggi rescritto a requisitione del S.r. Nicolo Crachio eccelente Dottore delle civili leggi &c. Since the author was concealed under the initials G.C.M., the manuscript has never before been described and never attributed to Giacomo Castelvetro. However, in the margin of the title page, a 16th century hand has added: ”Giacomo Castelvetri modonese”, and the entire manuscript is written in Giacomo Castelvetro’s characteristic hand. The motto ”Forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit” is from Vergil’s Aeneid (I, 203); and in the Loeb edition it is rendered “Perhaps even this distress it will some day be a joy to recall”. The motto appears on all of the manuscripts that Giacomo Castelvetro copied in Copenhagen. The manuscript was evidently offered to Professor Niels Krag (ca. 1550–1602), who was in Edinburgh in 1593, from May to August, as an ambassador of the Danish King. On the 1st of August, he was knighted by James VI for his brave behaviour when Bothwell entered the King’s chamber in the end of July. The Danish Public Record Office holds Niels Krag’s official diary from the journey, signed by Sten Bilde and Niels Krag. It clearly states that they left Edinburgh on August 6th, the day in which Niels Krag was given the manuscript. Evidently, Castelvetro was one of the many persons celebrating the ambassadors at their departure. The manuscript is bound in parchment with gilded edges, and a gilded frame and central arabesque on both front cover and end cover. There are 417 entries in the collection of proverbs, and in the explanations Giacomo Castelvetro often uses other proverbs and phrases. The explanations are most vivid, when Castelvetro explains the use of a proverb by a tale in the tradition of the Italian novella or by an experience from his own life. The historical persons mentioned are the main characters of the sixteenth century’s religious drama, such as Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth, James VI, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and his son, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, Gaspard de Coligny and the Guise family, Mary Stuart, Don Antonio, King of Portugal, the Earl of Bothwell and Cosimo de’ Medici. The Catholic Church is referred to as “Setta papesca”, and Luther is referred to as “il grande, e pio Lutero” (f. 49v). Giovanni Boccaccio and Francesco Petrarca are referred to various times, along with Antonio Cornazzano (ca. 1430–1483/84), the author of Proverbi in facetie, while Brunetto Latini, Giovanni Villani, Ovid and Vergil each are mentioned once. Many of the explanations are frivolous, and quite a few of them involve priests and monks. The origin of the phrase “Meglio è tardi, che non mai” (52v, “better late than never”) is explained by a story about a monk who experienced sex for the first time at the age of 44. In contrast to some of the texts to be found in the manuscript GKS 2057 4º the texts in GKS 2052 4º, are not misogynist, rather the opposite. Castelvetro’s collection of proverbs is a hitherto unknown work. It contains only a tenth of the number of proverbs listed in Gardine of recreation (1591) by John Florio (1553?–1625), but by contrast these explanations can be used, on the one hand, as a means to an anthropological investigation of the past and on the other hand they give us precious information about the life of Giacomo Castelvetro. For instance he cites a work of his, “Il ragionamento del Viandante” (f. 82r), which he hopes to see printed one day. It most probably never was printed. GKS 2057 4º The manuscript GKS 2057 4º gathers a number of quires in very different sizes. The 458 folios in modern foliation plus end sheets are bound in blue marbled paper (covering a previous binding in parchment) which would seem to be from the 17th century. The content spans from notes to readyforprint-manuscripts. The manuscript contains text by poets from Ludovico Castelvetro’s generation, poems by poets from Modena, texts tied to the reformation and a lot of satirical and polemical material. Just like some of Giacomo Castelvetro’s manuscripts which are now in the possession of Trinity College Library and the British Library it has “been bound up in the greatest disorder” (cf. Butler 1950, p. 23, n. 75). Far from everything is written in the hand of Giacomo Castelvetro, but everything is tied to him apart from one quire (ff. 184–192) written in French in (or after) 1639. The first part contains ”Annotationi sopra i sonetti del Bembo” by Ludovico Castelvetro, (which has already been studied by Alberto Roncaccia), a didactic poem in terza rima about rhetoric, “de’ precetti delle partitioni oratorie” by “Filippo Valentino Modonese” , “rescritto in Basilea a XI di Febraio 1580 per Giacº Castelvetri” and the Ars poetica by Horace translated in Italian. These texts are followed by satirical letters by Nicolò Franco (“alle puttane” and “alla lucerna” with their responses), by La Zaffetta, a sadistic, satirical poem about a Venetian courtisane who is punished by her lover by means of a gang rape by thirty one men, and by Il Manganello (f. 123–148r), an anonymous, misogynistic work. The manuscript also contains a dialogue which would seem to have been written by Giacomo Castelvetro, “Un’amichevole ragionamento di due veri amici, che sentono il contrario d’uno terzo loro amico”, some religious considerations written shortly after Ludovico’s death, ”essempio d’uno pio sermone et d’una Christiana lettera” and an Italian translation of parts of Erasmus’ Colloquia (the dedication to Frobenius and the two dialogues ”De votis temere susceptis” and ”De captandis sacerdotiis” under the title Dimestichi ragionamenti di Desiderio Erasmo Roterodamo, ff. 377r–380r), and an Italian translation of the psalms number 1, 19, 30, 51, 91. The dominating part is, however, Italian poetry. There is encomiastic poetry dedicated to Trifon Gabriele and Sperone Speroni and poetry written by poets such as Torquato Tasso, Bernardo Tasso, Giulio Coccapani, Ridolfo Arlotti, Francesco Ambrosio/ Ambrogio, Gabriele Falloppia, Alessandro Melani and Gasparo Bernuzzi Parmigiano. Some of the quires are part of a planned edition of poets from Castelvetro’s home town, Modena. On the covers of the quires we find the following handwritten notes: f. 276r: Volume secondo delle poesie de poeti modonesi f. 335v: VII vol. Delle opere de poeti modonesi f. 336v; 3º vol. Dell’opere de poeti modonesi f. 353: X volume dell’opre de poeti modonesi In the last part of the manuscript there is a long discourse by Sperone Speroni, “Oratione del Sr. Sperone, fatta in morte della S.ra Giulia Varana Duchessa d’Urbino”, followed by a discourse on the soul by Paulus Manutius. Finally, among the satirical texts we find quotes (in Latin) from the Psalms used as lines by different members of the French court in a humoristic dialogue, and a selection of graffiti from the walls of Padua during the conflict between the city council and the students in 1580. On fol. 383v there is a ”Memoriale d’alcuni epitafi ridiculosi”, and in the very last part of the manuscript there is a certain number of pasquinate. When Castelvetro was arrested in Venice in 1611, the ambassador Dudley Carleton described Castelvetro’s utter luck in a letter to Sir Robert Cecil, stating that if he, Carleton, had not been able to remove the most compromising texts from his dwelling, Giacomo Castelvetro would inevitably have lost his life: “It was my good fortune to recover his books and papers a little before the Officers of the Inquisition went to his lodging to seize them, for I caused them to be brought unto me upon the first news of his apprehension, under cover of some writings of mine which he had in his hands. And this indeed was the poore man’s safetie, for if they had made themselves masters of that Magazine, wherein was store and provision of all sorts of pasquins, libels, relations, layde up for many years together against their master the Pope, nothing could have saved him” Parts of GKS 2057 4º fit well into this description of Castelvetro’s papers. A proper and detailed description of the manuscript can now be found in Fund og Forskning Online. Provenance GKS 2052 4ºon the one side, and on the other side, GKS 2053 4º and GKS 2057 4º have entered The Royal Library by two different routes. None of the three manuscripts are found in the oldest list of manuscripts in the Royal Library, called Schumacher’s list, dating from 1665. All three of them are included in Jon Erichsen’s “View over the old Manuscript Collection” published in 1786, so they must have entered the collections between 1660 and 1786. Both GKS 2053 4º and GKS 2057 4º have entered The Royal Library from Christian Reitzer’s library in 1721. In the handwritten catalogue of Reitzer’s library (The Royal Library’s archive, E 15, vol. 1, a catalogue with very detailed entries), they bear the numbers 5744 and 5748. If one were to proceed, one would have to identify the library from which these two manuscripts have entered Reitzer’s library. On the spine of GKS 2053 4º there is a label saying “Castelvetro / sopra Dante vol 326” and on f. 2r the same number is repeated: “v. 326”. On the spine of GKS 2057 4º, there is a label saying “Poesie italiane, vol. 241”, and on the end sheet the same number is repeated: “v. 241”. These two manuscripts would thus seem to have belonged to the same former library. Many of the Royal Library’s manuscripts with relazioni derive from Christian Reitzer’s library, and a wide range of Italian manuscripts which have entered the Royal Library through Reitzer’s library have a similar numbering on spine and title page. Comparing these numbers with library catalogues from the 17th century, one might be able to identify the library from which these manuscripts entered Reitzer’s library, and I hope to be able to proceed in this direction. Conclusion Giacomo Castelvetro was not a major Italian Renaissance writer, but a nephew of one of the lesser-known writers in Italian literature, Ludovico Castelvetro. He delivered yet another Italian contribution to the history of Christian IV, and his presence could be seen as a sign of a budding Italianism in Denmark in the era of Christian IV. The collection of Italian proverbs that he offered to Niels Krag, makes him a predecessor of the Frenchman Daniel Matras (1598–1689), who as a teacher of French and Italian at the Academy in Sorø in 1633 published a parallel edition of French, Danish, Italian and German proverbs. The two manuscripts that are being dealt with in this article are two very different manuscripts. GKS 2052 4º is a perfectly completed work that was hitherto unknown and now joins the short list of known completed works by Giacomo Castelvetro. GKS 2057 4º is a collection of variegated texts that have attracted Giacomo Castelvetro for many different reasons. Together the two manuscripts testify to the varied use of manuscripts in Renaissance Italy and Europe. A typical formulation of Giacomo Castelvetro’s is “Riscritto”. He copies texts in order to give them a new life in a new context. Giacomo Castelvetro is in the word’s finest sense a disseminator of Italian humanism and European Renaissance culture. He disseminated it in a geographical sense, by his teaching in Northern Europe, and in a temporal sense through his preservation of texts for posterity under the motto: “Perhaps even this distress it will some day be a joy to recall”.