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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Americo liberians »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 3 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Americo liberians"

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Allen, William E. « Historical Methodology and Writing the Liberian Past : the Case of Agriculture in the Nineteenth Century ». History in Africa 32 (2005) : 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0002.

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Some of the late nineteenth century success of Liberia coffee, sugar, and other commodities can be attributed to the leasing of plantations to enterprising foreigners, although a few leading politicians did own successful farms … For most Americo-Liberians, the role of dirt farmer was decidedly beneath their station.Yet the reasons for this apathy among most Americo-Liberians for agriculture, which prevailed up to the early 1870s, were not far to seek. The majority of them being newly emancipated slaves, who had in servitude in America been used to being forced to work, erroneously equated their newly won freedom with abstinence from labour.Both arguments are inaccurate, yet the authors made essential contributions to the writing of Liberian history. J. Gus Liebenow became renowned within Liberian academic circles for his earlier book, Liberia: the Evolution of Privilege. In that book he analyzed the policy that enabled the minority Americo-Liberians (descendants of free blacks from the United States who founded Liberia in 1822), to monopolize political and economic power to the exclusion of the majority indigenous Africans for more than a century. M. B. Akpan dissected Liberia's dubious political history and concluded that Americo-Liberian authority over the indigenous population, was identical to the discriminatory and oppressive policy practiced by European colonizers in Africa.
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Greer, Brenna W. « Selling Liberia : Moss H. Kendrix, the Liberian Centennial Commission, and the Post-World War II Trade in Black Progress ». Enterprise & ; Society 14, no 2 (juin 2013) : 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/kht017.

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This article examines the activities of Moss H. Kendrix, a budding black entrepreneur and Public Relations Officer for the Centennial Commission of the Republic of Liberia, during the years immediately following World War II. To secure US investment in Liberia’s postwar development, Kendrix re-presented African Americans and Americo-Liberians as new markets valuable to US economic growth and national security. This article argues that his tactics advanced the global significance of black peoples as modern consumers and his worth as a black markets specialist, while simultaneously legitimating notions of progress that frustrated black claims for unconditional self-determination or first-class citizenship. Kendrix’s public relations work on behalf of Liberia highlights intersections between postwar black entrepreneurialism and politics and US foreign relations, as well as the globalization of US business and consumerism.
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Saha, Santosh C. « Agriculture in Liberia during the Nineteenth Century : Americo-Liberians' Contribution ». Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 22, no 2 (1988) : 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485903.

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Saha, Santosh C. « Agriculture in Liberia During the Nineteenth Century : Americo-Liberians' Contribution ». Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 22, no 2 (janvier 1988) : 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1988.10804194.

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Tonkin, Elizabeth. « Historical Discourse : the Achievement of Sieh Jeto ». History in Africa 15 (1988) : 467–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171876.

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In this paper I consider how an African historian, Sieh Jeto, plotted his narratives. Sieh was a citizen of Jlao/Sasstown, a Kru polity in Southeastern Liberia. Jlao also author and perform other past-oriented accounts in different genres, and I have written on some of these. There is not room here to discuss all the ways in which Jlao refer to their pasts, and scene-setting is equally brief. I also confine myself to Sieh Jeto's plotting of narrative.I first encountered Jlao in 1972, and spent a year there in 1975/76. The new regime of President Tolbert at first promised reform, but emergent contradictions and rising opposition culminated in the coup of 1980. Kru groups had several times fought against the ‘Americo Liberian’ government, and in the 1930s Sasstown was the focus of a long war (in which the League of Nations at first intervened) which they lost after painful struggles. No history could be neutral there, and some people were very cautious about provoking official wrath by talking about these times. While fanpote, ‘old time business’, of a distant past might be safer, it was denied in the official ideology that indigenous Liberians had a significant history at all.It now seems to me that the performances I recorded at different times were part of general changes of consciousness in the country. Sieh Jeto was recommended to me by an eminent Jlao man in Monrovia.
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WEBB, JAMES L. A. « Historical Settlement of Liberia and Its Environmental Impact. By SYRULWA L. SOMAH. Lanham, MD, New York, and London : University Press of America, 1995. Pp. i–xvii [unpaginated] + 153. $42.00 (ISBN 0-8191-9653-3) ; $29.50, paperback (ISBN 0-8191-9654-1). » Journal of African History 38, no 1 (mars 1997) : 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796516907.

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This book will disappoint readers who expect an historical study of the environmental impact of Americo–Liberian settlement. It is, rather, a polemical survey of the environmental problems which have beset Liberia and a normative prescription for Liberia's environmental and political future.
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Gobewole, Stephen H. « Land in Liberia : The Initial Source of Antagonism Between Freed American Blacks and Indigenous Tribal People Remains the Cause of Intense Disputes ». Journal of Politics and Law 14, no 4 (27 juin 2021) : 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p19.

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This study examines factors of land grabbing in Liberia, especially from tribal communities, due originally to different social expectations regarding land and contracts between indigenous people and settlers from America. In addition, land appropriation throughout the history of the Liberian nation is due largely to the Americo-Liberian oligarchy and public corruption. The study analyzes survey, empirical, and concession contracts data gathered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Sustainable Development Institute, Government of Liberia, Center for Transparency and Accountability in Liberia, and United Nations Mission in Liberia. It then correlates associations between a number of concession companies, their land acreage under operation, county acreage, and incidence of land grabbing to demonstrate an increase in disputes during the early 2000s due to practices of corrupt public officials. This has resulted from the consistent implementation of inequitable land laws, which have perpetuated land transfer from tribal communities to mostly Americo-Liberian descendants and foreign concessionaires. This land appropriation has fostered public corruption, increased land related disputes, and raised the level of conflict in Liberian society.
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Kieh, George Klay. « The American style of development aid to Liberia ». Africanus : Journal of Development Studies 44, no 2 (30 janvier 2015) : 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/71.

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There is a growing corpus of literature on the critical issue of the various styles used by donors in giving development aid to recipient states in various parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. This article seeks to contribute to the body of literature by examining the nature and dynamics of the American style of development aid to Liberia and the resulting implications for the latter’s social and economic development. Using the realpolitik model as its analytical framework, the article situates the American style of development aid giving within the broader context of Liberia-United States (US) relations. Based on this foundation, the article then interrogated the flows of US development aid to Liberia from 1946–2013. The findings indicate that the American style of aid giving is ostensibly designed to serve the economic, political, military and strategic interests of the US. In this vein, Liberia is required to serve as a foot soldier in the promotion of American national interests in the former and elsewhere. Accordingly, in terms of the implications for social and economic development, for the past six decades American development aid has not helped to advance the material conditions of Liberia’s subaltern classes. However, in order to change this situation, the US would need to rethink the realpolitik foundation of its development aid programme and the Liberian government would need to press for such a policy rethinking. However, both of these possibilities are highly unlikely, given the US’ determination to prosecute its imperial project and its clientelist relationship with the Liberian government.
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Whyte, Christine. « A State of Underdevelopment : Sovereignty, Nation-Building and Labor in Liberia 1898–1961 ». International Labor and Working-Class History 92 (2017) : 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547917000084.

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AbstractIn the nineteenth and early twentieth century, Liberia was in the unusual position of being a colony with no metropole. Without military or financial support, the settlers’ control over their territory remained weak. Surrounding European empires preyed on this weakness, and Americo-Liberian rule was often at risk from coalitions of European forces and indigenous African resistance. From the early twentieth century, the political elite took on the concept of “development” as a central part of government policy in an attempt to gain political and economic control of the hinterland areas and stave off European incursions. This policy involved the extension and reinforcement of labor policies and practices that had developed through the nineteenth century as means to incorporate settlers and indigenous people into Liberian society. When these plans failed, huge swathes of territory were turned over to foreign commercial interests in an attempt to bolster Liberian claims to sovereignty. And after the Second World War, new policies of “community development” introduced by international agencies again tried to solve Liberia's “land and labor” problem through resettlement. At each stage developmentalist rationales were deployed in order to facilitate greater government control over the Liberian interior territory.
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Woods, Tryon P. « Marronage, Here and There : Liberia, Enslavement's Conversion, and the Settler-Not ». International Labor and Working-Class History 96 (2019) : 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000206.

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AbstractThis proposed contribution to the special issue of ILWCH offers a theoretical re-consideration of the Liberian project. If, as is commonly supposed in its historiography and across contemporary discourse regarding its fortunes into the twenty-first century, Liberia is a notable, albeit contested, instance of the modern era's correctable violence in that it stands as an imperfect realization of the emancipated slave, the liberated colony, and the freedom to labor unalienated, then such representation continues to hide more than it reveals. This essay, instead, reads Liberia as an instructive leitmotif for the conversion of racial slavery's synecdochical plantation system in the Americas into the plantation of the world writ large: the global scene of antiblackness and the immutable qualification for enslavement accorded black positionality alone. Transitions between political economic systems—from slave trade to “re-colonization,” from Firestone occupation to dictatorial-democratic regimes—reemerge from this re-examination as crucial but inessential to understanding Liberia's position, and thus that of black laboring subjects, in the modern world. I argue that slavery is the simultaneous primitive accumulation of black land and bodies, but that this reality largely escapes current conceptualization of not only the history of labor but also that of enslavement. In other words, the African slave trade (driven first by Arabs in the Indian Ocean region, then Europeans in the Mediterranean, and, subsequently, Euro-Americans in the Atlantic) did not simply leave as its corollary effect, or byproduct, the underdevelopment of African societies. The trade in African flesh was at once the co-production of a geography of desire in which blackness is perpetually fungible at every scale, from the body to the nation-state to its soil—all treasures not simply for violation and exploitation, but more importantly, for accumulation and all manner of usage. The Liberian project elucidates this ongoing reality in distinctive ways—especially when we regard it through the lens of the millennium-plus paradigm of African enslavement. Conceptualizing slavery's “afterlife” entails exploring the ways that emancipation extended, not ameliorated, the chattel condition, and as such, impugns the efficacy of key analytic categories like “settler,” “native,” “labor,” and “freedom” when applied to black existence. Marronage, rather than colonization or emancipation, situates Liberia within the intergenerational struggle of, and over, black work against social death. Read as enslavement's conversion, this essay neither impugns nor heralds black action and leadership on the Liberian project at a particular historical moment, but rather agitates for centering black thought on the ongoing issue of black fungibility and social captivity that Liberia exemplifies. I argue that such a reading of Liberia presents a critique of both settler colonialism and of a certain conceptualization of the black radical tradition and its futures in heavily optimist, positivist, and political economic terms that are enjoying considerable favor in leading discourse on black struggle today.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Americo liberians"

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Santana, Genesys. « A case of double conciousness americo-liberians and indigenous liberian relations 1840-1930 ». Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/613.

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This study argues that the formation of Americo-Liberian identity overwhelmingly relied on White American middle class cultural values despite the founders' criticisms and rejection of racial oppression and slavery. Americo-Liberians' previous participation in a culture that downgrades African heritage fostered the internalization of Western notions of civilization and African inferiority that led them to establish an oppressive regime similar to the one they had escaped from, and even enslaved the indigenous population, which they considered "uncivilized." The study thus investigates how formerly oppressed and enslaved blacks became oppressors and enslavers of other black people in the name of a "civilizing mission." The relationship that developed between Americo-Liberians and indigenous Liberians provides a case study to explore the impact of White supremacy ideology on enslaved Africans and racial uplift ideology. Building on contributions of social theory and conflict theory my analysis of Americo-Liberians demonstrates how social class and ideology interacted to produce socio-economic developments that led to the Liberian Civil War. This study covers the founding of Liberia as a republic during the 1840's through the League of Nation's intervention in 1928. It is during this time period that Americo-Liberians fostered an exploitative and colonizing relationship with the indigenous Liberian population. Previous scholarship regarding Liberia engages in descriptive analysis this study is the first to employ the theoretical framework of double-consciousness to further illuminate the ambivalent positions of the Americo-Liberians vis-a-vis indigenous Liberians
B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
History
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Murray, Robert P. « Whiteness in Africa : Americo-Liberians and the Transformative Geographies of Race ». UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/23.

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This dissertation examines the constructed racial identities of African American settlers in colonial Liberia as they traversed the Atlantic between the United States and West Africa during the first half of the nineteenth century. In one of the great testaments that race is a social construction, the West African neighbors and inhabitants of Liberia, who conceived of themselves as “black,” recognized the significant cultural differences between themselves and these newly-arrived Americans and racially categorized the newcomers as “white.” This project examines the ramifications for these African American settlers of becoming simultaneously white and black through their Atlantic mobility. This is not to suggest that those African Americans who relocated to Liberia somehow desired to be white or hoped to “pass” as white after their arrival in Africa. Instead, the Americo-Liberians utilized their African whiteness to lay claim to an exotic, foreign identity that also escaped associations of primitivism. This project makes several significant contributions to scholarship on the colonization movement, whiteness, and Atlantic world. Importantly for scholarship on Liberia, it reestablishes the colony as but one evolving point within the Atlantic world instead of its usual interpretative place as the end of a transatlantic journey. Whether as disgruntled former settlers, or paid spokesmen for the American Colonization Society (ACS), or visitors returning to childhood abodes, or emancipators looking to free families from the chains of slavery, or students seeking medical degrees, Liberian settlers returned to the United States and they were remarkably uninterested in returning to their formerly downtrodden place in American society. This project examines the “tools” provided to Americo-Liberians by their African residence to negotiate a new relationship with the white inhabitants of the United States. These were not just metaphorical arguments shouted across the Atlantic Ocean and focusing on the experiences of Americo-Liberians in the United States highlights that these “negotiations” had practical applications for the lives of settlers in both the United States and Africa. The African whiteness of the settlers would function as a bargaining chip when they approached that rhetorical bargaining table.
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Dillon, Etrenda Christine. « The Role of Education in the Rise and Fall of Americo-Liberians in Liberia, West Africa (1980) ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/18.

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Education has proven to be a powerful tool. Higher education in particular has been and continues to be utilized in various ways around the world and has been instrumental in the rise of societies including Americo-Liberian society in Liberia, West Africa. This study investigates how education has been instrumental in the formation of identity for Americo-Liberians (descendants of historically oppressed groups), demonstrates the relationship that existed between education attainment and social stratification within their system, and uncovers the socialization process that existed within the Americo-Liberian system of education. A critical analysis of social structure and history was undertaken to demonstrate how a mythical norm and cultural capital were key in both the identity formation and destruction of the Americo-Liberian population in Liberia, West Africa. Other theoretical frameworks, in particular "othering" were utilized throughout this dissertation to further demonstrate the rise of Americo-Liberians through their employment of a mythical norm and cultural capital, which ultimately led to their demise. A historical case study method was utilized to uncover the cultural capital of the preferred upper class and political elite, known as Americo-Liberians, which was deeply embedded within their system of education. In all, the system that was set up to ensure their privilege led to their demise and the complete destruction of the country as a whole.
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Sungbeh, Tewroh-Wehtoe. « Collaborative Governance and Anticorruption in Postwar Monrovia ». ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4259.

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Public sector corruption is a major problem in Monrovia. Successive national governments have instituted anticorruption measures in the 1970s and 2000s, and anticorruption agencies were established to eradicate corruption. However, there appears to be a significant lack of resources and political willpower to prosecute corrupt government officials. A failure to curb political corruption indicates that current policies are not working. Government works when there is a perception that it delivers results and that the needs and safety of the citizenry are protected. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenology study was to gain a deeper understanding of public sector corruption at high levels of government in Monrovia. The conceptual framework for this study was based on the sociological theory of collaboration, within which governance is seen as a component of interpersonal relationships and a way to build trust and social interactions. Data were collected from open-ended semistructured interviews with former and present government officials (N = 8). The results were coded using descriptive coding to take an inventory of the contents, and to classify the coding into themes and subthemes. Results indicated that distrust among stakeholders and various governing institutions has hindered cooperation. Civic engagement and participation, patriotism, decentralization of the central government, job creation, safety and security, law and order, education and healthcare, and diluting the powers of the presidency, etc., were some of the issues raised by the participants. This dissertation may support positive social change in a meaningful way by providing policymakers with the information to make the country safe and governable, increase the standard of living and bring needed relief to the citizenry.
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Eubank, Morgan Lea. « Significance is Bliss : A Global Feminist Analysis of the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its Privileging of Americo-Liberian over Indigenous Liberian Women's Voices ». Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4480.

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The purpose of my research is to analyze the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (LTRC) lack of attention towards accessing rural Liberian women's voices as opposed to privileged Liberian women residing in urban and Diaspora spaces. By analyzing the LTRC and its Final Report from a critical global feminist perspective, I was able to not only illuminate, but bring a spotlight over issues including access, privilege, and multicultural insensitivity related to Liberia's indigenous tribal cultures. Liberia, being a country founded by American colonials, is socially constructed by Western ideological norms. As Western ideology is mainly normalized and enforced by the privileged class, Americo-Liberians, the LTRC and Final Report were also constructed within Western constructions. Given Liberia's historical colonial ties to the United States and its current relations to the global community, the LTRC decided to include Liberians in the Diaspora to its focus group. The Diaspora, also referred to as Liberia's 16th county, is made up of privileged Liberians displaced in overseas countries including the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. As with any progress, fashion, or business, attention is given to the newest, most profitable merchandise, or in the case of the LTRC, population. I hypothesized, and feared, that the LTRC did not provide indigenous Liberian women, many of whom reside in rural Liberia, equal access and effort as they did privileged Liberian women residing in urban and Diaspora spaces. To prove this, I conduct a feminist content analysis of the LTRC Final Report, recorded public testimonies which are available on the LTRC website (www.trcofliberia.org) and quantitative data collected and processed by, Benetech, a human rights statistics organization based out of Minnesota... a city which happens to be home to the highest number of Diaspora Liberians in the world. After conducting my investigation, I was able to conclude my thesis with reasons as to why underprivileged women's voices in Liberian should be included in doctrine, like the LTRC, and suggest ways to improve methods like the LTRC to ensure indigenous women's voices are fairly accessed and heard.
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Outland, Aaron. « The American Colonization of Liberia & ; the Origins of Africa's First Republic ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/694.

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The American Colonization of Liberia is a unique example of statecraft, reflecting the domestic political concerns of free blacks and colonizationists in the United States. The founding of Liberia reflects the objectives of these two factions.
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Sanchez-Alicea, Glendaly. « Long-Term Implementation of Temporary Immigration Policy on the Security and Integration of Liberians in the U.S ». ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6661.

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Immigration policies such as temporary protected status and deferred enforced departure can serve as suitable humanitarian solutions to help displaced individuals. Notwithstanding, when implemented in the course of many years, the uncertainty and stress of living in limbo can pose significant challenges to beneficiaries and create a multifarious scenario for government leaders. This qualitative study examined the experience of Liberians, a group designated with temporary immigration protection in the United States since 1991, who have consequently formed lives in the United States while in temporary status. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the effects of temporary immigration policy, implemented as a long-term solution on the security of Liberians and their successful integration in the United States. The study was designed with a case study approach, which yielded a breadth of data collected through semistructured interviews of 9 members of the Liberian community. The research question aimed to understand the perceived effects of long-term implementation of temporary immigration policy on Liberians and their ability to feel secure and integrate into U.S. society. The data were analyzed using content analysis and revealed that irrespective of the challenges and angst of living in limbo, and evidence of some degree of marginalization, Liberians have progressed in many ways and are contributing members of U.S. society. The social change implications of this research include providing a voice to Liberians and others in similar circumstances and the potential for policymakers to consider how temporary immigration policies are implemented in the future.
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Howard, Lawrence C. « American involvement in Africa south of the Sahara, 1800-1860 ». New York : Garland Pub, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18629170.html.

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Sims-Alvarado, Falechiondro Karcheik. « The African-American Emigration Movement in Georgia during Reconstruction ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/29.

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This dissertation is a narrative history about nearly 800 newly freed black Georgians who sought freedom beyond the borders of the Unites States by emigrating to Liberia during the years of 1866 and 1868. This work fulfills three overarching goals. First, I demonstrate that during the wake of Reconstruction, newly freed persons’ interest in returning to Africa did not die with the Civil War. Second, I identify and analyze the motivations of blacks seeking autonomy in Africa. Third, I tell the stories and challenges of those black Georgians who chose emigration as the means to civil and political freedom in the face of white opposition. In understanding the motives of black Georgians who emigrated to Liberia, I analyze correspondence from black and white Georgians and the white leaders of the American Colonization Society and letters from Liberia settlers to black friends and families in the Unites States. These letters can be found within the American Colonization Society Papers correspondence files and some letters reprinted in the ACS’s monthly periodical, the African Repository. To date, no single work has been published on the historical significance of black Georgians who emigrated to Liberia during Reconstruction. What my research uncovers is that that 31 percent of the 3,184 passengers transported to West Africa by the American Colonization Society from 1865 to 1877 were Georgians, thereby making Georgia, the leading states to produce the highest numbers of blacks to resettle in Liberia and the logical focal point for the African-American emigration movement during Reconstruction.
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Stanski, Keith Raymond Russell. « 'Warlord' : a discursive history of the concept in British and American imperialism, 1815-1914 and 1989-2006 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:303a15ac-8f59-4861-9cc0-e514193e1e17.

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The renewed interest in empire, particularly in its British and American variants, has brought into sharper relief the difficulties both metropoles faced in projecting order in the global south. Far from cohesive entities, the British and American empires tried to manage territories that defied many of the political, economic, and legal systems, as well as normative and moral understandings, that enabled their imperial ascendancy. Despite a considerable literature about how metropoles comprehended these frustrated imperial plans, limited insights can be found into the way Britain and the United States coped with the influence of war in the uneven expansion of order. This challenge is brought into focus by examining one of the most direct formulations of the relationship between war and order in US and British imperialism, namely the concept of warlord. The concept’s history, it is argued, provides a glimpse into the far-reaching influence cultural constructions of war had in how US and British policymakers, journalists, and advocates conceived of and projected order in the non-European world. Such influential understandings also inspired overstated conclusions about the degree to which both imperial powers could realise their visions of order in the global south. Drawing on discursive and historical methods, the dissertation develops a conceptual framework that distils the core features of ‘warlords’ in the US and British imperial imaginaries. This conceptual approach is used to revisit some of the most formative encounters with colonial and contemporary ‘warlords’, as captured in British and American policy debates, political commentary, and popular culture, during two highpoints in British and American imperial history, 1815-1914 and 1989-2006 respectively. These arguments bring to the forefront how instead of an ancillary part of conclusions about the inferiority of non-European cultures, as suggested in much of the post-colonial literature, notions of war conditioned many of Britain and the United States’ enduring conception of and strategies for managing the uneven development of order in the global south.
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Livres sur le sujet "Americo liberians"

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Culture in Liberia : An Afrocentric view of the cultural interaction between the indigenous Liberians and the Americo-Liberians. Lewiston, N.Y : E. Mellen Press, 1998.

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2

E, Holsoe Svend, Herman Bernard L. 1951- et Brockton Art Museum, dir. A land and life remembered : Americo-Liberian folk architecture. Athens : University of Georgia Press, 1988.

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3

Makhon le-meḥḳar ʻal shem Heri S. Ṭruman., dir. Black colonialism : The Americo-Liberian scramble for the Hinterland. Boulder : Westview Press, 1985.

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4

Chicoine, Stephen. A Liberian family. Minneapolis, MN : Lerner Publications, 1997.

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5

Burrowes, Carl Patrick. The Americo-Liberian ruling class and other myths : A critique of political science in the Liberian context. Philadelphia : Temple University, Institute of African and African-American Affairs, Dept. of African-American Studies, 1989.

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America's runaway prisoner : Ruined little America. Bloomington, IN : AuthorHouse, 2006.

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Micallef, Anya M. Liberia : Development and resources. Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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1965-, Hicks Kyra E., dir. Liberia : A visit through books. [S.l.] : www.lulu.com, 2008.

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1945-, Dennis Anita K., dir. Slaves to racism : Racism's impact on national character in Liberia and America. New York : Algora Pub., 2008.

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Vinton, David K. Topic : The U.S.₋Liberian dollar parity : its post₋war economic implications. [Liberia ? : University of Liberia, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Americo liberians"

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Siebers, Lucia. « Chapter 8. African American English in nineteenth-century Liberia ». Dans Studies in Language Variation, 139–56. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.21.08sie.

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Dorsey, Bruce. « The Transnational Lives of African American Colonists to Liberia ». Dans Transnational Lives, 171–82. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277472_14.

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Beyan, Amos J. « Maryland State’s Civilizing Mission in Maryland in Liberia and John B. Russwurm ». Dans African American Settlements in West Africa, 85–99. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979193_5.

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Beyan, Amos J. « The American Colonization Society Civilizing Mission in Liberia and John B. Russwurm, 1829–1836 ». Dans African American Settlements in West Africa, 39–84. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979193_4.

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Beyan, Amos J. « Governor John B. Russwurm and the Civilizing Mission in Maryland in Liberia, 1836–1851 ». Dans African American Settlements in West Africa, 100–117. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979193_6.

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Dalleo, Peter T. « 8. African American Abolitionist and Kinship Connections in Nineteenth- Century Delaware, Canada West, and Liberia ». Dans The Promised Land, sous la direction de Boulou de b’Beri, Nina Reid-Maroney et Handel K. Wright, 149–75. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442667457-009.

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Murray, Robert. « “Nearly All Have Natives as Helps in Their Families, and This Is as It Should Be” ». Dans Atlantic Passages, 113–52. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066752.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 focuses on Liberia’s labor regime. The colonists made expansive use of a spectrum of coerced, unfree, or debased African labor. The command of black workers undergirded the whiteness of the Americo-Liberians and was the focus of two broad charges leveled at the colony. Critics charged that the Liberian settlers preferred trading with natives rather than engaging in agriculture and that they utilized Africans as a slave labor force. Ideologically and rhetorically, Liberia was complicated as its booster claimed it could uplift two separate populations: indigenous Africans and African American settlers. Working for the settlers within various states of unfreedom would bestow “civilization” upon native Africans; settlers would find uplift through their command of indigenous labor. This framework presented a significant problem: native Africans laboring in Liberia both had to assimilate and remain separate and subordinate.
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Murray, Robert. « “All Those Things Desirable for a Map to Show” ». Dans Atlantic Passages, 75–112. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066752.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 examines the geographic and spatial logic that undergirded colonization. By occupying the “civilizing” space of Liberia, degraded American blackness was transformed into exotic, and “civilized,” whiteness. One of the keys to this transformation was to project Liberia as a tiny United States in which Americo-Liberians served as masters of their own “civilized” space. Critical to the perception of “civilized” white settlers and degraded black Africans was the requirement that “heathen” Africans be separate and beyond the limits of “civilization,” so as to not taint the space with their barbarity, while simultaneously projecting control over the black bodies of the African inhabitants. Cartography and maps of Liberia proved useful tools in this complex dance of establishing separation and togetherness, distance and control, simultaneously.
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Lindsay, Lisa A. « The Love of Liberty ». Dans Atlantic Bonds : A Nineteenth-Century Odyssey from America to Africa. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631127.003.0004.

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Within months of his arrival in Liberia in 1853, Church Vaughan was able to undertake more of the rights and duties of citizenship than he ever had before. He trained and served with a militia; he received a land grant to establish his own homestead; and he was eligible to vote. Yet Vaughan spent less than three years in Liberia. What motivated him to leave? As this chapter details, Vaughan learned that settler society was in its own way as exclusive and exploitative as the one he had left behind in South Carolina. From the beginnings of American colonization, a series of military battles and lopsided treaties had either displaced local African peoples or else brought them under the “protection” of the Liberian administration, subject to the foreigners’ laws and unfavorable trading agreements. Liberia’s boosters described this process as bringing civilization, especially since one of their goals was to stop slave trading between local leaders and transatlantic purchasers. Yet Liberians’ use of indigenous labor for their own enterprises closely resembled slavery, as some contemporaries pointed out. When presented with the opportunity to leave Liberia—for a place reputed to be roiled by warfare and slave-trading, no less—Vaughan took it.
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« Liberia : The Americo-Liberian Elite ». Dans Economic Planning and Social Justice in Developing Countries, 125–42. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203836255-14.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Americo liberians"

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Rojas-Hernandez, Isaac. « Fixed photovoltaic system optimization : Azimuth, inclination and pitch case study at Liberia ». Dans 2016 IEEE 36th Central American and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXVI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/concapan.2016.7942385.

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NTURIBI, ERIC M., Adebayo A. Kolawale et Stephen A. McCurdy. « Smoking Prevalence And Tobacco-control Measures In Kenya, Uganda, The Gambia And Liberia : A Review ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4794.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Americo liberians"

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Orrnert, Anna. Review of National Social Protection Strategies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.026.

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This helpdesk report reviews ten national social protection strategies (published between 2011-2019) in order to map their content, scope, development processes and measures of success. Each strategy was strongly shaped by its local context (e.g. how social development was defined, development priorities and existing capacity and resources) but there were also many observed similarities (e.g. shared values, visions for social protection). The search focused on identifying strategies with a strong social assistance remit from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Sarahan African and South and South-East Asian regions1 (Latin America was deemed out of scope due the advanced nature of social protection there). Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa are most widely available. Few examples are available from the MENA region2 – it may be that such strategies do not currently exist, that potential strategy development process are in more nascent stages or that those strategies that do exist are not accessible in English. A limitation of this review is that it has not been able to review strategies in other languages. The strategies reviewed in this report are from Bangladesh (2015), Cambodia (2011), Ethiopia (2012), Jordan (2019), Kenya (2011), Lesotho (2014), Liberia (2013), Rwanda (2011), Uganda (2015) and Zambia (2014). The content of this report focuses primarily on the information from these strategies. Where appropriate, it also includes information from secondary sources about other strategies where those original strategies could not be found (e.g. Saudi Arabia’s NSDS).
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