Thèses sur le sujet « Analyse de mission »
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Arnold, Maik. « Das religiöse Selbst in der Mission eine kulturpsychologische Analyse missionarischen Handelns deutscher Protestanten ». Hamburg Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001011031/04.
Texte intégralTheil, Ilse. « Reise in das Land des Todesschattens Lebensläufe von Frauen der Missionare der Norddeutschen Mission in Togo/Westafrika (von 1849 bis 1899) ; eine Analyse als Beitrag zur pädagogischen Erinnerungsarbeit ». Berlin Münster Lit, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988059517/04.
Texte intégralTheil, Ilse. « Reise in das Land des Todesschattens : Lebensläufe von Frauen der Missionare der Norddeutschen Mission in Togo/Westafrika (von 1849 bis 1899) : eine Analyse als Beitrag zur pädagogischen Erinnerungsarbeit / ». Münster : LIT, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3084795&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Texte intégralHamadi, Alia. « Analyse et prédiction comportementales du radar GPR polarimétrique de la mission spatiale EXOMARS ». Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5b5b0e86-7d66-4a1d-8275-367b39fb1def/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4043.pdf.
Texte intégralThis study is a part of the ExoMars space mission, in collaboration with LATMOS (Laboratoire Atmosphères, milieux, observations, spatiales). The objectives are to explore the signs of life on Mars planet in the past or in the present time, as well as the study of the distribution of subsurface water and the study of the geology of Mars. This aim of this mission is to send on the Mars surface an automatic vehicle equipped with scientific measuring instruments intended for the search of life traces. Our research activity is focused on the WISDOM instrument (Water Ice Subsurface Deposits Observation On Mars) which is a GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) where the main scientific objectives are to probe the subsurface of Mars up to several meters in order to study the geological structures. Our work have been proceeded in three phases. The first was to find a broadband radiating model of modelling the radiation pattern for the GPR antennas. The second was to develop tools for simulation scenes of different compositions by optimizing the computing time. The third phase of this thesis permits to develop two techniques for rough surfaces characterization. Thus this approach will be exploited for the development of two methods for the determination of the permittivity of the ground in time and frequency domain
Bünker, Arnd. « Missionarisch Kirche sein ? : eine missionswissenschaftliche Analyse von Konzepten zur Sendung der Kirche in Deutschland / ». Münster : Lit, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013015236&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Texte intégralPorras, Perucho Henry Andres. « Development of a tool to analyse helicopter performance incorporating novel systems ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8472.
Texte intégralLavraud, Benoît. « Les cornets polaires extérieurs de la magnétosphère terrestre : analyse des données de la mission Cluster ». Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30004.
Texte intégralMartineau, Yves. « Militaires canadiens de retour de mission : une analyse qualitative secondaire de l'adaptation au stress opérationnel ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9938.
Texte intégralBanerji, Ranajoy. « Optimisation d’une mission spatiale CMB de 4eme génération ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC199/document.
Texte intégralThe Cosmic Microwave Background radiation is a rich and clean source of Cosmological information. Study of the CMB over the past few decades has led to the establishment of a “Standard Model” for Cosmology and constrained many of its principal parameters. It hasalso transformed the field into a highly data-driven domain.Currently, Inflation is the leading paradigm describing the earliest moments of our Universe. It predicts the generation of primordial matter density fluctuations and gravitational waves. The CMB polarisation carries the signature of these gravitational waves in the form of primordial “B-modes”. A future generation of CMB polarisation space mission is well suited to observe this signature of Inflation.This thesis focuses on optimising a future CMB space mission that will observe the B-modesignal for reaching a sensitivity of r = 0.001. Specifically, I study the optimisation of the scanning strategy and the impact of systematics on the quality of polarisation measurement
Chen, Raphaël. « Étude du bruit des accéléromètres électrostatiques ultrasensibles de la mission GOCE ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066054/document.
Texte intégralThe payload of the space mission goce is a 3 axis gradiometer containing 6 ultrasensitive electrostatic accelerometers designed by onera – the french aerospace lab. each accelerometer contains a proof mass surrounded by 8 pairs of electrodes allowing the control of its position thanks to a feedback control loop. the recombination of the accelerometer measurements leads to the estimation of the terms of the gravity gradient matrix. it is the target quantity of the mission goce. despite the success of the mission, the scientific community discovered that the noise level of the term vzz is twice as high as the level expceted. this remains unexplained. the quality of the data is directly related to the quality of the accelerometer measurements. because onera has the expertise on the accelerometer technology, an in-depth study proved to be necessary. we first provide a way to estimate an upper bound of the empirical noise in the measurements. then, we analyse two scenarios that could lead to the empirical noise observed. finally, we show that taking into account the scale factor noise leads to a higher noise than expected
Duraffourg, Simon. « Analyse de la tenue en endurance de caisses automobiles soumises à des profils de mission sévérisés ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1142.
Texte intégralA body-in-white (biw) is a complex structure which consists of several elements that are made of different materials and assembled mainly by spot welds, generally above 80%. At the design stage, several criteria must be verified numerically and experimentally by the car prototype, as the biw durability. In the current economic context, the policy of reducing energy and other costs led automotive companies to optimize the vehicle performances, in particular by reducing very consistently the mass of the biw. As a consequences, some structural design problems appeared. In order to be validated, validation test benches are carried out upstream on a prototype vehicle. They are very costly to the manufacturer, especially when fatigue tests do not confirm the cracks areas identified by numerical simulations. The thesis is focused on numerical biw durability analysis. It covers all the numerical analysis to be implemented to study the biw durability behavior. The main objective is to develop a numerical simulation process to ensure a good level of durability prediction. It means to be able to have a good correlation level between test bench results and numerical fatigue life prediction. This thesis has led to:_ analyze the biw mechanical behavior and the excitation forces applied to the biw during the validation tests,_ establish a new fatigue data editing technique to simplify load signal,_ create a new finite element spot weld model,_ develop a new fatigue life prediction of spot welds. The studies have thus improved the level of biw fatigue life prediction by:_ identifying the majority of critical areas on the full biw,_ reliably assessing the relative criticality of each area,_ accurately estimating the lifetime associated with each of these areas
Sarzi, Amade José. « Réédition, contextualisation et analyse de la Breve e Succinta Relatione del Viaggio nel Regno di Congo [...] (1692) de Girolamo Merolla da Sorrento ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3088.
Texte intégralVolume 1: Published in 1692, Breve e Succinta Relatione del Viaggio nel Regno di Congo […] by the Capuchin priest Girolamo Merolla da Sorrento is an account about a mission of evangelization that took place on the Kingdom of Kongo, Angola and other surrounding areas, which were almost unexplored during that time. The density of the topics the book deals with, as well as its linguistic and stylistic opacity required a philological and historical assessment to prepare the way to understand its content, which have remained almost unknown or succinctly analysed until today. Take into consideration the mentioned aspects, a critical edition will be the task of this first volume.Volume 2: After carrying out, in volume 1, the critical edition of Breve e Succinta Relatione del Viaggio nel Regno di Congo […]. This second volume pretends to contextualize the heterogeneous and confused elements within the account. Besides the methodological considerations, this research develops several points of interest through its six chapters. This dissertation introduces important information about the growth of Christianity in Africa by means of the Missio Antiqua of Capuchins, which was promoted by the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide. Subsequently, it helps to grasp the imbrications set up between the Lusitanian Colonial Empire and the dynasties of the Kingdom of Kongo. Successively, it recounts the journey, by see and by land, carried out by Merolla. The account relates his departure from Naples in 1682, the development of his mission in Africa, his return to his homeland and his second departure to Africa. His journey gave rise to the recounting of astonishing episodes, significant ethnographic descriptions of human categories, as well as explanations on the huge animal variety and environmental diversity. In addition, the reasoning goes toward the encounter of two different cultures and two opposing moral orders will provoke troubles, misunderstandings and culture-centric reactions. Finally, a sombre motif appears within the account: the rejection of the other, accompanied by the colonial exploitation of raw materials and the Atlantic Slave Trade
Oliveira, Fialho Fabio de. « Définition et implémentation des corrections instrumentales de la mission spatiale CoRoT ». Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066545.
Texte intégralBolmont, Julien. « Détection des gamma dans l'expérience AMS et analyse temporelle des sursauts gamma par la mission HETE-2 ». Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011463.
Texte intégralDans la première partie de cette thèse, nous donnons les résultats obtenus lors de l'analyse des données d'un test sur faisceau du calorimètre électromagnétique. A l'aide d'un logiciel de simulation rapide, nous évaluons les capacités de détection d'AMS en gamma. Nous donnons des prédictions de flux pour différents types de sources astrophysiques et pour un halo de matière noire supersymétrique au centre galactique.
HETE-2 est un satellite actuellement en fonctionnement qui est conçu pour détecter et localiser les sursauts gamma. Du fait des énergies mises en jeu, ce type de source pourrait être utilisé pour tester des domaines de la physiques inaccessibles aux accélérateurs.
Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions les courbes de lumières de douze sursauts gamma observés par le détecteur FREGATE à bord d'HETE-2 et pour lesquels une mesure du redshift est disponible. En étudiant les écarts temporels entre des photons de différentes énergies, nous pouvons déterminer une limite inférieure sur l'échelle de gravitation quantique de Eqg > 10^15 GeV.
Liardet, Didier. « Télévision et sérialité narrative, analyse formelle et thématique des séries télévisées "Mission impossible" et "Chapeau melon et bottes de cuir" ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10024.
Texte intégralMission: impossible and the avengers belongs to the history of the television's own's type of series for a long time now. The goal of that doctorate is to demonstrate the existence into the conception of those two works of serial elements and references which represente their own label constituing the hand-book from of each serialized novel and from wich, lay down the fondments of a thematic movie-pictured frame studied in all it's developpements, presisely for each episode in each series. The study of the conception of their own's caracteristics show obviously their formals and thematic specifications inside an analysis three parts frame-work for both two of those serialised-novels. The genesis of their conception and the evolution through all the successives periods of their production, do permit to understand the process of their creation as the recalling of the remake show the numerous changes between the two of those self series and also their links despite the break apart time. The episode type analysis is particularily representative of their concept and, bring out their constants as the movie study lighten their formal unity through the analysis of those same movie mecanism (directing, film editing, sound-tape etc the composant's study, serial and referencial wich are bound to the narrative concept of each series, define their functions and their singularity, each composant element been closely bound to each other within a clever gearing system following their unity. The recursion's elements in the series as the characters, gadgets, decorums, main title and introductory sequences are at first all fitting to each other and the lack of it could denigrate the episodal quality. It is to demonstrate the originality and the many-sided differences visual and narrativeof each of those series wich are internationally well recognised and the influence over the following production is indisputable. Since the end of their production and indisputable. Since the end of their production and despite the essential differences coming from their original concept, both of those two series are looking alike and, thirty years after their creation, are still the television reference's bypass
Guterman, Pascal. « Masques Photométriques et Détection des transits planétaires Dans le cadre de la mission CoRoT ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419970.
Texte intégralUne exoplanète signe son passage devant l'étoile par une brève baisse de flux inférieure au millième. La stabilité et continuité de mesure seront assurées sur 150 jours pour 60.000 étoiles afin d'augmenter le nombre de configurations favorables. La photométrie d'ouverture intègre chaque flux dans un masque de lecture adapté aux multiples bruits, limité `a 250 formes différentes pour 12.000 cibles. J'ai étudié des méthodes autorisant cette réduction sans perte notable de signal `a bruit. Le tri efficace de masques aléatoires s'avère la plus satisfaisante.
Pour la détection, j'ai développé une méthode qui rehausse le contraste des transits en éliminant les composantes des effets collectifs et de certains artefacts. Après détection temporelle les systématiques sont identifiées, même celles d'origine et de poids inconnus. On fait émerger de nouvelles détections en jaugeant la dispersion autour de ces composantes.
Peyrefitte, Aurélie. « Etude multi-échelle de la plaque africaine par analyse des données gravimétriques et gradiométriques de la mission GOCE ». Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077153.
Texte intégralThe GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite mission, of the European Space Agency (ESA) is mapping the global Earth' s gravity field with unprecedented detail. Furthermore, for the l' time, GOCE provides the measurements of the gravity tensor components at the global scale. Due to the attenuation of the gradiometric signal, this new type of data should be more sensitive to shallow structures than usual gravity anomaly data. And because of their directionality, gravity gradients shall provide better constraints on the geometry of the sources. First comparison between a gravity field model derived from eighteen months of GOCE data and previous models displays significant differences, particularly in Africa and the Himalayas. The african continent is one of the less understood areas of the Earth at the regional scale as in geological and geodynamical term. This is due to the paucity of geophysical datasets on the continent as well as to the complexity of the African geology. We present a multi-scale study of the african plate based on the complementarity of the two kinds of GOCE data and the join used of two 3D density model mainly based on sieismology: CRUST 2. 0 and The Global Digital Map of Sediment thickness. In the first part, we isolate the gravity response of the african mantle by comparing the GOCE gravity field model and the gravity effect of a 3D density model of the african crust at continental scale. In the second part, on a doser scale, we investigate the contribution of the gravity tensor components for the knowledge and the characterization of regional geological domains For that, we computec the forward gravity and gradiometric responses caused by a 3D density crustal model of a part of africa centered on the Congo and shown by inversion of the gravity field and/or gravity tensor components that the depth of the Congo basin is over-estimated in our initial 3D model. All the inversion calculations performed demonstrate the complementarity of gravity and gradiometric data and attest to the information gain brought by their joint use
Forster, Michael. « Nation Building durch die internationale Gemeinschaft : eine völkerrechtliche Analyse der Verwaltungsmission der Vereinten Nationen im Kosovo und in Ost-Timor / ». Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/481918558.pdf.
Texte intégralMARTIN, JEAN-LUC. « Une experience humanitaire avec medecins sans frontieres en guinee (octobre 1992 - mars 1993) : l'epidemie de meningite a meningocoque de 1993 : description, epidemiologie et analyse ». Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMM013.
Texte intégralJean, Olivier. « Charles Guay dans la mission amérindienne de Ristigouche (1884-1890) : analyse et répercussions d’un scandale dans un milieu marginal ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6834.
Texte intégralNguyen, Mai-Julie Raulin François Coll Patrice. « Nouvelles contraintes sur la nature physico-chimique des aérosols de Titan analyse des données de la mission Cassini-Huygens et simulation expérimentale en laboratoire / ». Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0407159.pdf.
Texte intégralMazelle, Christian. « Etude de l'interaction du vent solaire et de la comète de Halley : analyse des propriétés du plasma dans la région d'empilement magnétique ». Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30170.
Texte intégralHarms, Florian [Verfasser]. « Cyberda´wa Islamische Mission im Internet : Voraussetzungen, Analyse und Vergleich von da´wa-Sites im World Wide Web / Florian Harms ». Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1166510603/34.
Texte intégralDO, LEEJOO. « Analyse de melanges gazeux modeles de l'atmosphere de titan par chromatographie en phase gazeuse : application a la mission cassini-huygens ». Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077042.
Texte intégralNguyen, Mai-Julie. « Nouvelles contraintes sur la nature physico-chimique des aérosols de Titan : analyse des données de la mission Cassini-Huygens et simulation expérimentale en laboratoire ». Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120077.
Texte intégralData from Cassini-Huygens mission provide new information essential for an understanding of the physical and chemical nature of Titan's aerosols. Experimental simulations in laboratory are useful to complement these data analysis. The ACP (Aerosols Collector and Pyrolyser) instrument from the Cassini-Huygens mission performed the first chemical analysis of the Titan's atmospheric aerosols. Analysis and interpretation of these data show that the aerosol particles include a solid organic refractory core. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen cyanide 5HCN) have been identified as the main products after pyrolysis at 600°C of this refractory nucleus. To go further in this data analysis, a study is done on the 12C/13C ration in Titan's aerosols. An isotopic study is carried out on aerosols analogues (tholins) produced by experimental simulations in laboratory. It does not show any significant fractionation effect during the formation of tholins. By inferring this result to Titan' aerosols, upper limits of the quantities of NH3 and HCN (compared to CH4) released during the ACP pyrolysis are estimated. Some of the Cassini-Huygens instruments have revealed the possible presence of water on Titan surface. A study is carried out on tholins hydrolysis within different conditions of pH. It is shown that aerosols may chemically react with water. This hydrolysis releases many organic molecules, including amino acids, the reflectivity spectra of which may match the reflectivity spectra of Titan surface which was obtained by the DISR (Descent Imager Spectral Radiometer) instrument
Laurent, Régis. « Sociologie d'une entreprise de conversion : Analyse de la genèse et du processus de routinisation de la Mission Évangélique Tsigane de France ». Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030002.
Texte intégralTo understand this routine operation of this enterprise of conversion, Romany Evangelical Mission of France (MET), I analyze the formation of a "memory" Romany, and memories differentiated by lineage, which are also constructed from sacred or materials. The illusion prophetic is the fourth dimension of the gift. Reversing symbolic, populism, and « misérabilisme », are the three pillars of the Pentecostal propaganda. The routinisation, is also the result of the confrontation between an illegitimate and legitimate institutions. These are groups characterized by solidarity against mechanical configurations organic type. There is a boundary mental and spacial. This confrontation is dominated by ideologies, between utilitarian and compassionate positions The pentecôstalism is a provider socialization particular, transforming habitus. The Mission of Romany Traveling (MTI) of MET, concentrates all tensions. But pastors become negotiators and educators professionals whose legitimate institutions can recognize its legitimacy. Finally, I believe that the routinisation becomes legitimization of a disciplinary apparatus for the State
Ishizuka, Tomohiro. « Conception de mission et stratégie de guidage pour l'exploration de petits corps sous incertitude stochastique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ESAE0014.
Texte intégralIn recent years, the exploration of small bodies, such as asteroids and comets, within our Solar System has garnered substantial attention from scientists and engineers. Several spacecrafts have successfully visited these celestial bodies, conducting comprehensive observations and demonstrating the feasibility of sample return missions. The dynamical environment surrounding small bodies is highly complex and perturbed due to the irregular gravitational field of the body and other external perturbing forces. Consequently, it is not possible to accurately model the dynamics, rendering the design of spacecraft trajectories around such bodies a challenging task.The primary objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of small body missions under uncertainties. This thesis encompasses three distinct topics: a small body rendezvous (RDV) problem, small body landing problems, and dynamics within a triple asteroid system. The investigation into the RDV problem examines onboard guidance schemes for the small-body RDV phase. Three different guidance schemes are developed: a successive-convexification-based guidance, a model predictive control (MPC) and a stochastic optimal control (SOC), and through comparative analysis of their guidance performance under uncertainties, a suitable onboard guidance scheme is proposed.This thesis presents two landing study cases: six degrees-of-freedom (6-DoF) robust landing guidance and 3-DoF landing on a fast-rotating asteroid. The investigation of the 6-DoF landing guidance seeks to develop a 6-DoF SOC algorithm to meet the touchdown (TD) requirements in the presence of uncertainties. Unmodeled external perturbations along the nominal trajectory are identified from the translation-attitude coupled dynamics, and the landing guidance performance with the SOC algorithm is evaluated. Landing on a fast-rotating asteroid presents additional challenges due to its high spin rate. The thesis initially demonstrates the feasibility of descent under the conditions of a strong centrifugal force. Then, a nominal mission analysis (in 3-DoF) is conducted to identify a nominal descent scenario that meets the TD requirements. Finally, the descent mission analysis is conducted under uncertainties with the SOC, and the results propose the maximum navigation error that can be tolerated.Given the presence of two moonlets, the dynamical environment around a triple asteroid system exhibits significant chaos. This thesis presents a novel formulation of a set of equations of motion (EOM) for the 5-body problem (5BP) to model the motion. By employing valid approximations and the Jacobi formulation, the number of EOM is reduced from 15 to 9. Subsequently, bounded motions within this chaotic environment are investigated, and the sensitivity of these motions to the orbit configurations of the two moonlets is examined. The findings reveal the existence of planar quasi-frozen orbits (QFOs) that exhibit long-term stability in certain configurations of the moonlets' orbits, as well as quasi-terminator orbits (QTOs) that also demonstrate almost stability
Baghi, Quentin. « Optimisation de l’analyse de données de la mission spatiale MICROSCOPE pour le test du principe d’équivalence et d’autres applications ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO003/document.
Texte intégralThe Equivalence Principle (EP) is a cornerstone of General Relativity, and is called into question by the attempts to build more comprehensive theories in fundamental physics such as string theories. The MICROSCOPE space mission aims at testing this principle through the universality of free fall, with a target precision of 10-15, two orders of magnitude better than current on-ground experiments. The satellite carries on-board two electrostatic accelerometers, each one including two test-masses. The masses of the test accelerometer are made with different materials, whereas the masses of the reference accelerometer have the same composition. The objective is to monitor the free fall of the test-masses in the gravitational field of the earth by measuring their differential accelerations with an expected precision of 10-12 ms-2Hz-1/2 in the bandwidth of interest. An EP violation would result in a characteristic periodic difference between the two accelerations. However, various perturbations are also measured because of the high sensitivity of the instrument. Some of them are well defined, e.g. gravitational and inertial gradient disturbances, but others are unmodeled, such as random noise and acceleration peaks due to the satellite environment, which can lead to saturations in the measurement or data gaps. This experimental context requires us to develop suited tools for the data analysis, which are applicable in the general framework of linear regression analysis of time series.We first study the statistical detection and estimation of unknown harmonic disturbances in a least squares framework, in the presence of a colored noise of unknown PSD. We show that with this technique the projection of the harmonic disturbances onto the WEP violation signal can be rejected. Secondly we analyze the impact of the data unavailability on the performance of the EP test. We show that with the worst case before-flight hypothesis (almost 300 gaps of 0.5 second per orbit), the uncertainty of the ordinary least squares is increased by a factor 35 to 60. To counterbalance this effect, a linear regression method based on an autoregressive estimation of the noise is developed, which allows a proper decorrelation of the available observations, without direct computation and inversion of the covariance matrix. The variance of the constructed estimator is close to the optimal value, allowing us to perform the EP test at the expected level even in case of very frequent data interruptions. In addition, we implement a method to more accurately characterize the noise PSD when data are missing, with no prior model on the noise. The approach is based on modified expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm with a smooth assumption on the PSD, and use a statistical imputation of the missing data. We obtain a PSD estimate with an error less than 10-12 ms-2Hz-1/2. Finally, we widen the applications of the data analysis by studying the feasibility of the measurement of the earth's gravitational gradient with MICROSCOPE data. We assess the ability of this set-up to decipher the large scale geometry of the geopotential. By simulating the signals obtained from different models of the earth's deep mantle, and comparing them to the expected noise level, we show that their features can be distinguished
Garcez, de Oliveira Krone Martins Alberto. « Plus loin avec la mission spatiale Gaia grâce à l'analyse des objets étendus ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14241/document.
Texte intégralThe main objective of this work is to determine whether it is possible to do science from the observations of extended objects that will be performed by the Gaia space mission. One of the most ambitious projects of modern Astronomy, this mission will observe more than one billion objects through out the sky, thus providing astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic data with unprecedented precision. Naturally, Gaia has been optimized for the study of point-like sources due to its astrometrical priority. Nevertheless, many sources associated with extended emission will be observed. The origins of these extended sources can be either intrinsic, such as galaxies, or extrinsic, such as projections of objects in the same line of sight. In both cases, these sources will have less than optimal astrometric solutions.In order to study those emissions, their two-dimensional images will be analyzed. Nonetheless, since Gaia will not acquire such images, we begin this work by checking whether it will be possible to reconstruct images anywhere in the sky from the satellite’s one-dimensional observations.Consequently, we, on the one hand, estimate the number of cases which will be subjected to the extrinsic extended emissions, present a method which we developed to analyze the reconstructed images by segregating the different sources and show that the adoption of this method will allow extending the catalogue reliably by millions of point sources, many of which are beyond the limiting magnitude of the instrument. On the other hand, regarding intrinsic extended emissions, we first obtain an upper limit estimate for the number of cases which Gaia will be able to observe ; then,we verify that the combination of image reconstructions and the use of the codes introduced here in will allow performing the morphological classification of millions of galaxies in early/late types and elliptical/spiral/irregular classes. Afterward,we present a method which we developed to decompose those galaxies into their bulge/disk components directly from the one-dimensional Gaia data in a completely automatic way. Finally, we conclude that it is possible to harness the data of many of the observations that might other wise be ignored to do science. Saving these data will allow the detection of millions of objects beyond Gaia’s limiting magnitude and the study of the morphology of millions of galaxies whose structures can only be probed from space or through the adoption of adaptive optics, thus somewhat expanding the horizons of this already comprehensive mission
Bott, Nicolas. « Nature et évolution de la surface de Mercure : approche pluridisciplinaire en soutien à la mission spatiale BepiColombo de l'ESA ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS505.
Texte intégralAlthough close to the Sun, Mercury has a unique surface, poorer in iron than the surface of the Moon, but surprisingly rich in volatile elements. These essential discoveries of the MESSENGER mission have raised questions that the BepiColombo mission (ESA/JAXA) will try to answer, thanks in particular to the SIMBIO-SYS instrument, which will provide spectral images of the Mercury surface with a spatial resolution 10 to 100 times higher than that achieved by MESSENGER. Among these fundamental questions is the accurate chemical and mineralogical composition of Mercury. My thesis adresses the problem through a multidisciplinary approach. A first angle consists in using the data provided by MESSENGER to map in color the Shakespeare quadrangle. My work has made it possible to define 1) spectral units of the quadrangle associated with very precise values of various spectral parameters, and 2) regions of interest to be analyzed and characterized notably by the VIHI hyperspectral imager (0.4-2.0 μm), one of the channels of SIMBIO-SYS. The second angle consists of laboratory experiments : heating, cooling and irradiation of possible mineralogical analogues of Mercury’s surface. The aim is to anticipate the arrival of BepiColombo and to know the effects of these alterations on the spectral properties of the minerals. Results obtained from spectroscopic measurements of hermean mineral analogues subjected to Mercury surface conditions have revealed clear variations in their spectral properties (e.g. position and shape of absorption bands)
Szopa, Cyril. « Analyse moléculaire in situ d'un noyau cométaire : Développement et évaluation des performances d'un système de chromatographie en phase gazeuse pour la mission Rosetta ». Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007459.
Texte intégralParmi les différentes méthodes employées jusqu'à aujourd'hui, l'analyse in situ est la seule capable de nous procurer des informations directes sur le noyau cométaire. C'est cette approche que nous avons choisi d'employer en contribuant à l'expérience COmetary Sampling And Composition (COSAC). Cette dernière fait partie des expériences embarquées dans la sonde Rosetta dédiée à l'analyse d'une comète et de son environnement. Compte tenu du nombre important de composés probablement présents dans le noyau cométaire et de la robustesse de cette technique analytique, la chromatographie en phase gazeuse (CPG) apparaît comme la plus appropriée pour l'identification et la quantification des composés présents dans le noyau cométaire. Nous avons donc développé un sous-système chromatographique qui fera partie intégrante de l'expérience COSAC.
La principale tâche de ce travail a été de concevoir la partie séparative de ce système, constituée de colonnes chromatographiques connectées en parallèle. Cette partie a été développée en vue de la séparation et de l'identification d'une large gamme de composés d'intérêt cométaire initialement identifiés, allant des composés les plus légers (gaz nobles) jusqu'à des espèces organiques de poids moléculaire élevé (HAP). A cette fin, un travail expérimental a été mené pour comparer les propriétés analytiques (sélectivité, efficacité) des nombreuses colonnes chromatographiques candidates, dans les conditions de température in situ (isotherme comprise entre 30°C et 60°C). Cette étude, associée à la prise en compte de contraintes opératoires (présence d'eau, faible consommation de gaz vecteur, robustesse des colonnes...), a permis d'aboutir à la sélection et à l'optimisation des caractéristiques de 5 colonnes chromatographiques différentes. Cette combinaison correspond au nombre minimal de colonnes permettant de répondre aux objectifs du système chromatographique.
Une fois les colonnes de l'expérience sélectionnées, elles ont été soumises aux différentes contraintes liées à l'instrumentation spatiale (vibrations, cycles de température) et à l'environnement spatial (pression réduite, radiations) pour tester leur robustesse. Les résultats montrent que les performances de ces colonnes ne sont affectées ni par ces tests, ni par la présence d'eau dans l'échantillon, prouvant ainsi leur capacité à être utilisées dans le système chromatographique.
Ensuite, les performances réelles de ce système ont été évaluées à l'aide d'un outil de laboratoire reproduisant l'expérience COSAC (colonnes, détecteurs) et les conditions opératoires in situ (température, pression externe). Cette étude a permis de montrer que les propriétés analytiques du système ne sont pas significativement altérées comparativement à celles observées à pression atmosphérique en sortie de colonne, et que le gain de vitesse entraîné par la présence d'une pression réduite était bénéfique par la réduction du temps d'analyse. De plus, la pression en tête de colonne optimale de l'expérience a pu être fixée (150 kPa). Nous avons également montré que l'expérience devrait permettre d'identifier environ 75% des composés initialement ciblés.
Enfin, la sensibilité du système (colonne+détecteur) a été évaluée en mesurant la quantité minimale détectable d'un composé présent dans un mélange analysé. Elle est comprise entre 10-11 mol et 10-12 mol, ce qui correspond à un rapport de volume de 1 ppm dans le cas le plus favorable où il y a suffisamment d'échantillon gazeux pour remplir complètement la boucle d'échantillonnage. Ce dernier résultat permet de conclure que le système développé permet l'analyse de composés traces présents dans le noyau cométaire et que sa sensibilité est plus importante que celle des observations spectroscopiques de la coma (environ 0,1%).
Au delà du travail expérimental de mise en œuvre de ce système chromatographique, nous avons pu également montrer que le couplage d'une des colonnes avec les techniques préparatives des échantillons de COSAC devrait permettre d'analyser des espèces chimiques qui ne pouvaient pas l'être par CPG directe (acides aminés), ou de mettre en évidence des composés réfractaires à partir de leurs produits de dégradation thermique (poly-HCN). Enfin, nous présentons les premiers travaux expérimentaux et théoriques développés en vue de l'interprétation des futures données collectées par l'instrument de vol.
Duchayne, Loïc. « Transfert de temps de haute performance : le Lien Micro-Onde de la mission ACES ». Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349882.
Texte intégralDuchayne, Loïc. « Transfert de temps de haute performance : le lien micro-onde de la mission ACES ». Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008OBSP0151.
Texte intégralNowadays, time transfer methods reach such high performances that it is actually possible to test fundamentals laws of physics with them. For instance, the ACES mission aims at studying the gravitational effects on clock frequency using a highly stable communication link, the microwave link. Firstly, this thesis investigates time transfer model considering all terms greater than 0. 1 ps. This model is necessary to compute the data analysis algorithm which will be used during the actual mission. For testing purposes, a simulation of the raw measurements of the mission is developed and allows to evaluate the performances of the data analysis algorithm. Moreover, we also study the requirements of the mission on orbitography and time calibrations. It leads to less constraining requirements than naively expected. This work also studies the resolution of phase ambiguity of the microwave Link and their successful determination statistics, and describes methods and observable combinations which reduce quantitatively these probabilities. Finally, this thesis investigates the SAGAS project and its advanced concept of optical link. The optimisation of observable combinations allows to evaluate the performances of several scientific goals of the project, such as space exploration, testing gravitational laws or constraining gravitational waves
François, Pascaline. « Analyse moléculaire in situ de la surface/sous surface de Mars par pyrolyse et CPG : application à la mission spatiale Mars Science Laboratory 2012 ». Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077186.
Texte intégralThe search for organics at the surface of Mars is of primary interest to determine the part and present habitability of this planet. It is therefore one among the main objectives of the Mars Science Laboratory 2012 and ExoMars 2018 space missions. This PhD thesis is done in the frame of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) experiment, of the MSL 2012 mission, which aims to detect and inventory organic molecules at the Mars surface. My work is a part of that process assessing performances of two analytical techniques used for in situ molecular analysis of the surface/sub-surface of Mars: pyrolysis and gas chromatography. First, a chromatographie database was generated in laboratory mimicking the in situ operating conditions. Its primary use is to identify eluted compounds and to contribute to the interpretation of in situ SAM-GC-MS data. It can also be used to guide the future SAM-GC measurements strategies. I also studied the influence of minerais, detected at the Mars' surface, on the pyrolysis of organic molecules. Resuits indicate a significant impact of studied minerais which favor the organic malter decomposition or have a protective effect. A database was initiated especially with the aim to favor the identification of mother organic molecules. These data can also be used to guide the choice of one of the sample preparation techniques of MSL 2012 as well as ExoMars 2018 space missions, as a function of the sample mineralogy
Schacht, Rodriguez Ricardo. « Planification de la mission des drones basée sur le pronostic et la gestion de la santé ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0257.
Texte intégralRotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) with take-off and vertical landing capabilities or multirotors have proved to be an efficient and low-cost solution for civil flight applications due to significant advances in the development of robust and more efficient altitude and attitude control strategies, planning and re-planning algorithms capable of detecting and avoiding obstacles and Fault Diagnosis & Fault Tolerant Control methods. In most applications where multirotors are used, they develop different task as exploration, photogrammetry, filming, mapping and more recently all those dedicated to precision agriculture such as irrigation and crop monitoring. During the task development, the multirotor executes a mission which consists to fly through a set of paths connected by n reference points (named way-points) inside a known or unknown area. However, during the mission development, different negative factors decrease the multirotor flight performance such as environmental conditions, occurrence of faults or failures in actuators/sensors and energetic limitations due to the power source constraints. The energetic limitation problem in a multirotor are due to power capabilities that on-board battery can supply. Due to power and energy requirements, multirotors are powered by Lithium Polymer batteries which are rechargeable batteries of Lithium-Ion technology. They possess a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte and provide high power and energy densities. However, according to the use due to the number of charge/discharge cycles and other factors like damage provoked by over-discharges, the battery performances tend to decrease. Such decrease or aging causes a reduction in the efficiency of the UAV multirotor flight by the decrease of the total mission time or flight endurance, and leads to maneuverability problem, which increases the risk of crash and collision. This thesis topic addresses the issues concerning to battery performances and its influence into the mission and path planning tasks. By considering model-based prognosis techniques and path planning methods, a hierarchy mission planning strategy based on energy consumption is proposed and validated at simulation level considering different flight situations. The UAV performances, as well as its capability to execute and fulfill a mission is weighted by the computation of the battery State of Health (SoH) which is an index to measure the degradation level of the battery. The SoH helps to estimate the battery Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and establishes the energy limitation by the computation of the Maximum Flight Endurance (MFE). Such information is necessary to path planning generation which not only consider the constraints related to the power source but also the scopes and limitations of the mission to be executed. In addition, the main concern of this thesis are long time-distance missions e.g exploration or inspection of remote areas where it is fundamental to have a proper use of energy aboard the multirotor
Paya, Christophe. « Analyse narrative du "discours missionnaire" dans l'Évangile de Matthieu (Mt 9. 35-11. 1) ». Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30050.
Texte intégralThe rise of narrative criticism raises the question of the place and function of Jesus’ discourses in the Gospel of Matthew. If the recent readings have sometimes had the effect of minimizing their importance for the benefit of the plot, it is difficult to avoid noting that they contribute significantly to the elaboration of a portrait of Jesus and the disciples’ community. Paradoxically, it’s also from the side of narrative criticism that a renewed reading of these texts could intervene nowadays. The argument is the following : the mission discourse (Mt. 9. 35-11. 1) is devised to play a formative role for the readers’ community. This community, through the collective character of the Twelve, is drawn into a non-geographic movement. After having studied preliminary points such as the place and function of the discourses in the plan of the first Gospel (chap. I) and having analysed the situation in the field of research (chap. II), we shall study, by means of narrative criticism, the figure of the disciples as it is painted at the beginning of the discourse (chap. III). Three themes of the tenth chapter will be chosen and analysed in their narrative context : household/family, universality and violence (chap. IV). They will constitute the background for the exegesis of the discourse which will be read in the perspective of the study of the engendered movement (chap. V). The synthesis and the conclusion will show that the movement bears on the Christological perspective, on the soteriological perspective and on the connection with the time of the mission (chap. VI)
Youssouf, Toure Mohamed Amine. « Analyse des données de la mission Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) sur des bassins versants choisis au Canada pour la caractérisation des eaux souterraines ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9550.
Texte intégralAbstract : Groundwater is an important component of the hydrological cycle. In Canada, more than 30% of the population relies on the main source of water for domestic use. These resources are under pressure factors such as salinization, contamination and exhaustion. Our knowledge on groundwater needs improvement because of climate variability and an increasing demand for these resources. The main objective of this project is to use the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data (TWS) anomalies to locate, quantify and analyze the groundwater changes in Mackenzie St. Lawrence, North-Quebec and Labrador basins. Also this work aims to analyze the influence of accumulation cycles and snowmelt on groundwater level changes. For this groundwater changes estimation, it is necessary to estimate other water balance parameters. These parameters are estimated by using the outputs of the land surface model CLM of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) Data Products. The TWS data used are from March 2002 to august 2012. The results were evaluated by using the groundwater levels records from 1841 wells located in the free aquifers of different Canadian groundwater monitoring networks. The Specific yields values of the different types of aquifers from each well and the monthly changes in the water level in these wells were used to estimate changes in the in-situ groundwater anomalies. The correlation study between changes in groundwater anomalies estimated from the combination GRACE-GLDAS and those from in-situ data reveals significant matches with values of R = 0,46 and R = 0,50 between ΔGW and ΔGWPiézo respectively for the Lower-Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence basins. The combination of all the basins is characterized by a slightly weaker correlation (R = 0, 44).The correlation coefficients calculated with an independent data coming from SWE GlobSnow products are R = -0, 68 for Lower-Mackenzie River Basin, R = -0, 76 for Nord-du-Québec and Labrador basin, R = -0, 51 for St. Lawrence basin and R = -0, 52 for the three basins taken together. These correlations show that ΔGW is very sensitive to the snowmelt water amount, but with specificities for each studied basin.
Emery, Charlotte. « Contribution de la future mission altimétrique à large fauchée SWOT pour la modélisation hydrologique à grande échelle ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30034/document.
Texte intégralScientific objective of this PhD work is to improve water fluxes estimation on the continental surfaces, at interanual and interseasonal scale (from few years to decennial time period). More specifically, it studies contribution of remotely-sensed measurements to improve hydrology model. Notably, this work focuses on the incoming SWOT mission (Surface Water and Ocean Topography, launch scheduled for 2021) for the study of the continental water cycle at global scale, and using the land surface model ISBA-TRIP. In this PhD work, I explore the potential of satellite data to correct both input parameters of the river routing scheme TRIP and its state variables. To do so, a data assimilation platform has been set to assimilate SWOT virtual observation as well as discharge estimated from real nadir altimetry data. Beforehand, it was necessary to do a sensibility analysis of TRIP model to its parameters. The aim of such study was to highlight what are the most impacting parameters on SWOT-observed variables and therefore select the ones to correct via data assimilation. The sensibility analysis (ANOVA) has been led on TRIP main parameters. The study has been done over the Amazon basin. The results showed that the simulated water levels are sensitive to local geomorphological parmaters exclusively. On the other hand, the simulated discharges are sensitive to upstream parameters (according to the TRIP river routing network) and more particularly to the groundwater time constant. Finally, water anomalies present sensitivities similar to those of the water levels but with more pronounced temporal variations. These results also lead me to do some choices in the implementation of the assimilation scheme and have been published. Therefore, in the second part of my PhD, I focused on developing a data assimilation platform which consists in an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). It could either correct the model input parameters or directly its state. A series of twin experiments is used to test and validate the parameter estimation module of the platform. SWOT virtual-observations of water heights and anomalies along SWOT tracks are assimilated to correct the river manning coefficient, with the possibility to easily extend to other parameters. First results show that the platform is able to recover the "true" Manning distribution assimilating SWOT-like water heights and anomalies. In the state estimation mode, daily assimilation cycles are realized to correct TRIP river water storage initial state by assimilating ENVISAT-based discharge. Those observations are derived from ENVISAT water elevation measures, using rating curves from the MGB-IPH hydrological model (calibrated over the Amazon using in situ gages discharge). Using such kind of observation allows going beyond idealized twin experiments and also to test contribution of a remotely-sensed discharge product, which could prefigure the SWOT discharge product. The results show that discharge after assimilation are globally improved : the root-mean-square error between the analysis discharge ensemble mean and in situ discharges is reduced by 28 \%, compared to the root-mean-square error between the free run and in situ discharges (RMSE are respectively equal to 2.79 x 103 m3/s and 1.98 x 103 m3/s)
Rutter, Ian. « Une analyse des fondements théologiques des déclarations récentes du Conseil oecuménique des Eglises, de l'Eglise catholique romaine et du mouvement évangélique à propos de la mission et de l'évangélisation ». Strasbourg 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20055.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this study is to understand the fundamental theological differences between churches (and "church families") based on an analysis of a number of statements on mission. It is built on the hypothesis that the differences between them appear the moment they try to express their faith to the world. Thus mission statements often reveal the fundamental differences which separate the churches and prevent them from bearing witness in unity. This study is right at the heart of the "mission and unity" debate. .
Lizy-Destrez, Stéphanie. « Operational scenarios optimization for resupply of crew and cargo of an International gateway Station located near the Earth-Moon-Lagrangian point-2 ». Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0034/document.
Texte intégralIn the context of future human space exploration missions in the solar system (with an horizon of 2025) and according to the roadmap proposed by ISECG (International Space Exploration Coordination Group) [1], a new step could be to maintain as an outpost, at one of the libration points of the Earth-Moon system, a space station. This would ease access to far destinations as Moon, Mars and asteroids and would allow to test some innovative technologies, before employing them for far distant human missions. One of the main challenges will be to maintain permanently, and ensure on board crew health thanks to an autonomous space medical center docked to the proposed space station, as a Space haven. Then the main problem to solve is to manage the station servitude, during deployment (modules integration) and operational phase. Challenges lie, on a global point of view, in the design of the operational scenarios and, on a local point of view, in trajectories selection, so as to minimize velocity increments (energy consumption) and transportation duration (crew safety). Which recommendations could be found out as far as trajectories optimization is concerned, that would fulfill energy consumption, transportation duration and safety criterion? What would technological hurdles be to rise for the building of such Space haven? What would be performances to aim at for critical sub-systems? Expected results of this study could point out research and development perspectives for human spaceflight missions and above all, in transportation field for long lasting missions.Thus, the thesis project, presented here, aims at from global system life-cycle decomposition, to identify by phase operational scenario and optimize resupply vehicle mission. The main steps of this project consist in:- Bibliographical survey, that covers all involved disciplines like mission analysis (Astrodynamics, Orbital mechanics, Orthography, N-Body Problem, Rendezvous…), Applied Mathematics, Optimization, Systems Engineering….- Entire system life-cycle analysis, so as to establish the entire set of scenarios for deployment and operations (nominal cases, degraded cases, contingencies…) and for all trajectories legs (Low Earth Orbit, Transfer, Rendezvous, re-entry…)- Trade-off analysis for Space Station architecture- Modeling of the mission legs trajectories- Trajectories optimizationThree main scenarios have been selected from the results of the preliminary design of the Space Station, named THOR: the Space Station deployment, the resupply cargo missions and the crew transportation. The deep analysis of those three main steps sorted out the criticality of the rendezvous strategies in the vicinity of Lagrangian points. A special effort has been set on those approach maneuvers. The optimization of those rendezvous trajectories led to consolidate performances (in term of energy and duration) of the global transfer from the Earth to the Lagrangian point neighborhood and return. Finally, recommendations have been deduced that support the Lagrangian points importance for next steps of Human Spaceflight exploration of the Solar system
Alexis, Lucie. « Réponses à la mission culturelle de la télévision publique : analyse sémiologique des rapports institutionnels, des figures de l'artiste et des écritures numériques à France Télévisions (1993-2017) ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020048.
Texte intégralThe dissertation focuses on the France Télévisions’s cultural agenda and addresses the following question : Is there a form of culture specific to public service broadcasting ? If there is, how is it regulated and how does its coherence appear? We tackle the issue using a restricted definition of the notion of culture that includes both the great artistic disciplines and the productions of cultural industries. A chronological analysis follows three movements that place the reader/audience in various political and media territories: an inquiry into the institutional reports published between 1993 and 2007; figures and portraits of artists in three lateevening TV shows (On n’est pas couché, Ce soir (ou jamais!), and Des mots de minuit) broadcast between 2010 and 2011; and digital writings/narratives of culture between 2011 and 2017. Based on a history of public television, our perspective is mainly semiological. However, our study is inscribed in a project that includes several methodological tools while also using discourse analysis and a socioeconomic approach of the cultural industry. Finally, we have carried out graphic interviews. The heterogeneous nature of the artefacts and methods we summon lead us to conclude that public television culture is conveyed thanks to an understanding of culture close to the "established culture", the productions of cultural industries and "mediacultures", although it tends to expand in relation to digital experiences. Lastly, the combination of a number of factors produces a synoptic vision of the different conceptions of public television culture. Keywords : Public television ; France Télévisions ; culture and arts ; cultural industry products ; institutional reports ; talk-shows ; new audio-visual writing ; graphic gesture
Tréguier, Erwan. « Etude de la diversité géochimique de la surface de Mars, à partir des données de spectrométrie X de la mission Mars Exploration Rover ; Modélisation de l'altération des roches martiennes ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319744.
Texte intégralFeller, Clément. « Characterization of the physical properties of comet 67p/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's nucleus with the Osiris instrument of the Rosetta mission ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC043/document.
Texte intégralSmall bodies of the outer solar system, beyond Neptune, are in an environment that can preserve the base material from which they are formed. Hence the determination of the structure, aspect, and composition of objects such as comets yield vital informations about the formation and evolution processes they went through. Small bodies from the outer solar system have undergone weak thermal and collisionnal reprocessing, thus preserving vital clues on the history of the early solar system, which can constrain its properties. Hence the objective of the European Space Agency/ROSETTA mission was to perform the first in-depth study of a comet (67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko), following it inbound to and outbound from perihelion, observing it and monitoring the evolution of its activity during most of its orbit. This mission constituted the cornerstone of the study of small bodies of the solar system by ESA.The aim of this thesis has been to determine the photometric characteristics and the spectral properties, from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, of the comet' surface using the images taken by the OSIRIS instrument. For this purpose, I developped an approach to prepare and analyse OSIRIS' datasets: I used and build on existing methods to register calibrated images to a 3D model of the comet, I created and used codes to compute the observational geometries and simulate OSIRIS images using the comet's and Rosetta's ephemerids, I implemented photometric models to determine the parameters required to fit the datasets.Using those tools, I analysed sets of images acquired by OSIRIS during three flyby maneuvers executed in August 2014, in February 2015 and in April 2016. On those three events, the surface was mapped at a meter and sub-meter resolution and also under multiple observing conditions. I also further analysed images taken throughout the mission to investigate particular surface features and signs of temporal evolution. In the description of the Hapke photometric model, the fitting of those dataset point to a nucleus with a very dark surface (4.2% albedo at 650 nm), scattering more light towards the source than the observer, with a high upper-surface porosity (over than 80%), and displaying a limited non-linear increase in reflectivity when source and observer are aligned over the comet' surface, most probably associated with the shadow-hiding phenomemon. Beyond the obvious bilobate nature of the cometary nucleus, the analyses of those images have shown that it present heterogeneities in morphology, colours and albedo of the comet' surface from the hundred of meters to the decimeter scale, confirming the trend noticed from other ROSETTA/OSIRIS and PHILAE/CIVA observations. In the wavelength domain between 250 nm and 1000 nm, the spectrum of the nucleus does not present any band features. The slope of the spectrum increases monotonously with the wavelength in a similar way to certain Centaurs and D-type asteroids. Three categories of surface were identified based on this spectral slope. Terrains and features with the largest slopes appear dusty and dessicated while those with small or flat slopes have associated with the presence of water-ice-rich material. The OSIRIS images have also allowed to measure for the first time the phase reddening effect on a cometary nucleus, that is the variation of the spectral slope with the viewing geometry. The two years of monitoring have also allowed to further determine that the phase reddening of the nucleus varies with the heliocentric distance, reaching its lowest value while the comet was close to perihelion. This result along with observations of diurnal colour variations and of freshly fractured cliffs point to the presence of a higher proportion of water-ice material at a mere distance under the nucleus surface
Millan, Maëva. « Etude de la composition de la surface de Mars : recherche de molécules organiques par analyse physico-chimique in situ avec l’instrument SAM de la mission Mars Science Laboratory ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV134.
Texte intégralThe search for organic molecules at the Mars’ surface is of primary interest to understand its past and/or present habitability. It is one among the main goals of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) space mission and especially of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) experiment onboard the Curiosity rover. This thesis deals with the support to the SAM data treatment and interpretation, which aims to detect and inventory the organic molecules at the Mars’ surface. The first part of this work focuses on the analytical capabilities of the SAM gas chromatograph (GC) and the identification of the organics in the solid samples analysed on Mars with the flight model. To do so, I studied the analytical chain from injection to separation of the SAM GC in the flight operating conditions reproduced in the laboratory. I also created a library of retention times for molecules present or potentially present on Mars, and used as a reference library to treat the flight data. These data allowed to identify the organics in the martian solid samples, and to explain why a few molecules, expected to be present, are not detected. The second part of the thesis focuses on the impact of oxychlorine phases on the organics, during the pyrolysis process. With this aim, I developed a systematic approach to study the pyrolysis of organic molecules on the presence of oxidant minerals that have a high probability of presence at the Mars surface.The evolution and/or destruction of the organics was evaluated. We also looked for the organic and inorganic compounds that can be the precursors of the chlorohydrocarbons detected on Mars with SAM. Finally, we evaluated the influence of the oxychlorines concentration and of the pyrolysis temperature parameter. The results show that the number, the nature and the relative abundances of the compounds formed during the pyrolysis, depend on the nature of the organic and inorganic phases, of the concentration of the oxychlorines phases and of the pyrolysis temperature
Ortega-Molina, Arturo. « Participation a la reconstruction des trajectoires des ballons de venus de la mission vega par interferometrie differentielle a tres grande base (delta vlbi) ». Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066452.
Texte intégralEnjolras, Vivien. « Évaluation des performances des nouveaux instruments radar altimètres imageurs interférométriques spatiaux : application à l'océanographie et à l'hydrologie ». Toulouse, ENSAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0001.
Texte intégralMiema, Bongo Alphonse. « La coresponsabilité prêtres-laïcs dans l'Église après le Concile Vatican II : analyse de quelques documents du Magistère de 1980-2000 ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/41947.
Texte intégralTétard, Cédric. « Analyse des mesures de l'expérience satellitaire SAGE III : algorithme d'inversion et validation des résultats. Comparaison des produits des instruments de la mission spatiale ACE avec des mesures corrélatives à distance et in situ ». Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289578.
Texte intégralMon travail a consisté à inverser les transmissions atmosphériques de SAGE III pour obtenir les profils verticaux des concentrations en ozone et en dioxyde d'azote ainsi que des coefficients d'extinction des aérosols dans neuf canaux entre 385 et 1545 nm. Dans les canaux situés autour de 450 nm, un lissage vertical a été effectué sur les transmissions tangentes pour pallier un défaut de neutralité spectrale de l'atténuateur. Dans le canal à 1545 nm, la prise en compte de l'absorption du CO2 a été effectuée avec le modèle MODTRAN 5. Les incertitudes ont été évaluées par une méthode de Monte Carlo. Nous avons alors validé nos produits à l'aide des produits SAGE III officiels (NASA), ceux d'un troisième algorithme d´eveloppé par une équipe de Saint Petersbourg et à l'aide de mesures coïncidentes des instruments SAGE II et POAM III. Ces comparaisons montrent que les produits LOA sont de bonne qualité. Cependant, une étude effectuée à l'aide des mesures in situ de l'instrument sous ballon SPIRALE aux abords du vortex polaire a montré un bon accord pour O3 et un désaccord pour NO2. Ce désaccord montre que la méthode d'occultation solaire pour la mesure d'espèces réactives (tel NO2) dans des conditions dynamiques complexes n'est pas bien adaptée. De plus, les variations diurnes de NO2 rendent les comparaisons directes entre mesures à distance et in situ difficiles.
Une étude spécifique sur les aérosols des feux de forêt de l'ouest du Canada (août 2003) a été menée avec les produits SAGE III officiels. Des intrusions d'aérosols issus des feux de forêt dans la basse stratosphère par pyroconvection sont suspectées d'être à l'origine des pics d'extinction observés par SAGE III. Nous avons déduit des mesures SAGE III les propriétés microphysiques de ces aérosols et montré que ces coefficients d'extinction anormalement élevés étaient dus à une augmentation du nombre de particules dans la basse stratosphère. Cependant, la nature chimique de ces aérosols n'a pu être déterminée car les mesures d'extinction ne sont pas assez sensibles à l'indice de réfraction.
Depuis la fin des missions SAGE II, SAGE III et POAM III, les instruments satellitaires de la mission ACE-SCISAT sont les seuls instruments d'occultation solaire (hormis SOFIE) fournissant des informations sur la stratosphère. Nous nous sommes ainsi intéressés à la validation de leurs mesures à l'aide des données de SAGE II, SAGE III et SPIRALE. Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la campagne de validation internationale. Nous avons montré que les coefficients d'extinction des aérosols déduits des mesures de IMAGER sont en désaccord avec ceux de SAGE II et SAGE III et que les rapports de mélange en ozone et en dioxyde d'azote de FTS et de MAESTRO sont en bon accord avec les produits SAGE III. Cependant, nous obtenons également un désaccord concernant NO2 en comparaison avec SPIRALE bien que les autres espèces (CH4, N2O, HNO3, O3, HCl) déduites de FTS ainsi que l'ozone MAESTRO sont en bon accord avec les données SPIRALE.
Tétard, Cédric. « Analyse des mesures de l'expérience satellitaire SAGE III : algorithme d'inversion et validation des résultats : comparaison des produits des instruments de la mission spatiale ACE avec des mesures corrélatives à distance et in situ ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10023/document.
Texte intégralOne of the conclusions of the last IPCC reports is that the role of the stratosphere in the current climate change is not weil known. Consequently, stratospheric studies must continue. Solar occultation and in situ measurements are weil suited to these studies but it is necessary to validate them. First, we have developed our inversion algorithm of the SAGE III transmissions and we have compared our products (vertical profiles of O3 and N02 concentrations and of aerosol extinction coefficients (AEC)) to those from the officiaI algorithm and from a third algorithm. Good agreements are obtained between these inversions for ail species. Then, we have compared our products to those from correlative validated measurements obtained by satellite and balloon borne instrument (SPIRALE). Except CEA, results are satisfying. However, the comparison with in situ measurements from SPIRALE obtained on the edge of the polar vortex exhibits a disagreement for NO2 proving that the solar occultation method are not weil suited for reactive species in complex dynamical situation. Once these validations carried out, we have studied the stratospheric intrusions of aerosols resulting from forest fires and we have shown that they lead to a strong increase in the number of particles. Finally, in an international framework, we have taken part in the validation of the instruments of the ACE mission (FTS, MAESTRO and Imager) with SAGE III and SPIRALE data. That enabled us to validate sorne products (O3 and NO2 from FTS and MAESTRO), to invalidate others (CEA from Imager) and to confirm the discrepancy for NO2 between in situ and remote measurements
Marchiori, Victor. « Extraction photométrique bord des étoiles de la mission PLATO : masques photométriques optimaux pour la détection de planètes extra-solaires In-flight photometry extraction of PLATO targets Optimal apertures for detecting extrasolar planets The PLATO Solar-like Light-curve Simulator A tool to generate realistic stellar light-curves with instrumental effects representative of the PLATO mission ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEO014.
Texte intégralPLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) is a European spatial scientific mission dedicated to asteroseismology and searching for exoplanets, and whose development is being carried out by the European Space Agency. With focus on Earth-like planets orbiting the habitable zone of main-sequence Sun-like stars, the mission relies on very high precision photometry and requires great stability of measurements. The mission is founded upon well-proven techniques: the transit method for detecting exoplanets, along with radial velocity follow-up from the ground, and the analysis of stellar oscillations for characterizing their host stars. Thanks to its very large field of view encompassing more than two thousand square degrees of the sky, the PLATO instrument will be able to observe several hundreds of thousands of stars with apparent magnitude lower than thirteen in the visible band, and thousands of planetary systems. In contrast, because of satellite telemetry constraints, photometry will have to be extracted in flight for most of the PLATO targets. For that, mask-based (aperture) photometry was adopted because of its sufficiently high performance and relatively low complexity for implementing on board. In this context, the development of optimal photometric apertures represents the core of the research work presented in this thesis. In the previous missions of the same category of PLATO (i.e. CoRoT, Kepler and TESS), photometric apertures were designed following an approach based uniquely on the minimization of the noise-to-signal ratio, because the sensitivity at which a planet transit can be found in a light curve is strongly correlated to its noise level. On the other hand, the higher the ease in identifying a transit-like signal because of a sufficiently low noise level, the higher the probability that background objects in the scene (e.g. binary systems reproducing legitimate planet transits) are detected. Since most of the PLATO targets will not have images available on ground for the identification of false positives, conceiving photometric masks based solely on how well a transit-like signal can be detected, paying no attention to potential false positives may not be the best strategy. To verify the consistence of this hypothesis, two science metrics were introduced allowing one to directly quantify the sensitivity of an aperture in detecting true and false planet transits. Then, the optimal aperture was defined as that which gives the best compromise between these two metrics. Such an approach, novel to this thesis, has been proven to be decisive for the determination of a mask model capable to provide near maximum planet yield and substantially reduced occurrence of false positives. Overall, this work constitutes an important step in the design of both on-board and on-ground science data processing pipelines of the PLATO mission