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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Ancient varieties »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Ancient varieties"

Jandurová, O. M., et R. Casal. « Successful reintroduction of ancient grape varieties in the Czech Republic ». Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, Special Issue (31 mars 2010) : S19—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2674-cjgpb.

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 Changes in the law have allowed Czech vintners to produce land wines from some ancient varieties. There is the chance now for the reintroduction of such varieties, when we can clearly explain the pros and cons of these varieties in comparison with the common varieties; plus be able to indicate the possible benefits for those vintners who start to plant these ancient varieties. The successful reintroduction of these ancient varieties could enlarge the selection of wines for sale, and represents an alternative way of storing genetics resources, similar to on-farm conservation.  

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Pourazari, F., G. Vico, P. Ehsanzadeh et M. Weih. « Contrasting growth pattern and nitrogen economy in ancient and modern wheat varieties ». Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, n^o 5 (septembre 2015) : 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-260.

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Pourazari, F., Vico, G., Ehsanzadeh, P. and Weih, M. 2015. Contrasting growth pattern and nitrogen economy in ancient and modern wheat varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 851–860. Nutrient availability, especially nitrogen (N) availability, is a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. Modern crop varieties often produce high yields under high resource availability, whereas ancient varieties are expected to have characteristics more suitable under low resource availability. To test this expectation, we compared the growth and N use efficiency (NUE) of some varieties of ancient hulled wheat, Triticum turgidum spp. dicoccum, and modern free-threshing wheat, T. aestivum and T. turgidum spp. durum. The wheats were grown under different nutrient fertilization (F) levels in two contrasting environments (field in Iran and outdoor growth container in Sweden). Grain yield was significantly higher in modern varieties than in ancient varieties, regardless of fertilization level. In contrast, N uptake efficiency (i.e., mean N in the plant during the main growth period over N in the initial seed grain) and grain N concentration were generally higher in the ancient varieties. Nitrogen use efficiency, defined as the ratio of the grain N content to the sown seed N content, was higher in the ancient varieties only at lower nutrient supply, because in modern varieties higher nutrient supply resulted in a marked increase in NUE through greatly enhanced grain-specific N efficiency (grain yield per mean plant N content during the main growth period). The modern varieties also showed greater fertilization responses in above-ground biomass and leaf area than ancient varieties. The results are relevant in the context of wheat breeding for nutrient use efficiency.

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Berni, Roberto, Claudio Cantini, Massimo Guarnieri, Massimo Nepi, Jean-Francois Hausman, Gea Guerriero, Marco Romi et Giampiero Cai. « Nutraceutical Characteristics of Ancient Malus x domestica Borkh. Fruits Recovered across Siena in Tuscany ». Medicines 6, n^o 1 (18 février 2019) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010027.

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Background: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to lowering the risk of chronic diseases. The fruits of Malus x domestica are a rich dietary source of bioactive compounds, namely vitamins and antioxidants, with recognized action on human health protection. Tuscany is known for its rich plant biodiversity, especially represented by ancient varieties of fruit trees. Particularly noteworthy are the many ancient Tuscan varieties of apple trees. Methods: Sugar quantification via HPLC and spectrophotometric assays to quantify the antioxidant power and total polyphenol content revealed interesting differences in 17 old varieties of Malus x domestica Borkh. recovered in Siena (Tuscany). Results: The quantification of antioxidants, polyphenols, and the main free sugars revealed that their content in the old fruits was often superior to the widespread commercial counterparts (‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’). Such differences were, in certain cases, dramatic, with 8-fold higher values. Differences were also present for sugars and fibers (pectin). Most ancient fruits displayed low values of glucose and high contents of xylitol and pectin. Conclusions: The results reported here suggest the possible use of ancient apple varieties from Siena for nutraceutical purposes and draw attention to the valorization of local old varieties.

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Sut, Stefania, Gokhan Zengin, Filippo Maggi, Mario Malagoli et Stefano Dall’Acqua. « Triterpene Acid and Phenolics from Ancient Apples of Friuli Venezia Giulia as Nutraceutical Ingredients : LC-MS Study and In Vitro Activities ». Molecules 24, n^o 6 (20 mars 2019) : 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061109.

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Triterpene acid and phenolic constituents from nine ancient varieties of apple (Malus domestica) fruits cultivated in Fanna, Friuli Venezia Giulia region, northeast Italy, were analyzed and compared with four commercial apples (‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Royal Gala’). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The quali-quantitative fingerprint of secondary metabolites including triterpene acid was obtained by LC-DAD-(ESI)-MS and LC-(APCI)-MS, respectively. Based on the two LC-MS datasets, multivariate analysis was used to compare the composition of ancient fruit varieties with those of four commercial apples. Significant differences related mainly to the pattern of triterpene acids were found. Pomolic, euscaphyc, maslinic and ursolic acids are the most abundant triterpene in ancient varieties pulps and peels, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were prevalent in the commercial fruits. Also, the content of the phenolic compounds phloretin-2-O-xyloglucoside and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside was greater in ancient apple varieties. The antioxidant (radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays) and enzyme inhibitory effects (against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) of the samples were investigated in vitro. Antioxidant assays showed that the peels were more active than pulps. However, all the samples exhibited similar enzyme inhibitory effects. Ancient Friuli Venezia Giulia apple cultivars can be a source of chlorogenic acid and various triterpene acids, which are known for their potential anti-inflammatory activity and beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Our results make these ancient varieties suitable for the development of new nutraceutical ingredients.

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Berni, Roberto, Marco Romi, Luigi Parrotta, Giampiero Cai et Claudio Cantini. « Ancient Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties of Tuscany Have High Contents of Bioactive Compounds ». Horticulturae 4, n^o 4 (30 novembre 2018) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040051.

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The Tuscan Region has a vast repertoire of ancient plants that have been recovered across the territory over the years. These plants thrive in an environment characterized by minimal human intervention and are thus the result of the process of adaptation to the territory of origin. In this work, we focused on the quantification of bioactive compounds in ancient tomato varieties. More specifically, we quantified polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C in eight local Tuscan tomato varieties and found higher contents with respect to those in commercial tomatoes Polyphenol and antioxidant compounds in ancient varieties reported a two- and, in some instances, three-fold increase in concentration, compared to the commercial counterparts. Interestingly, the data relative to the carotenoids did not show any significant differences when comparing the ancient varieties with the commercial ones, a finding confirming the market selection criterion based on color. On a longer-term perspective, this study aims at drawing attention to the importance of preserving autochthonous natural plant biodiversity and towards promoting research on local varieties. We believe that this study will pave the way to the valorization of local plant biodiversity and promote an extended use of products in the nutraceutical sector derived from vegetables.

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Cooper, Raymond. « Re-discovering ancient wheat varieties as functional foods ». Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 5, n^o 3 (juillet 2015) : 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.02.004.

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Antolín, María Carmen, Eduardo Salinas, Ana Fernández, Yolanda Gogorcena, Inmaculada Pascual, Juan José Irigoyen et Nieves Goicoechea. « Prospecting the Resilience of Several Spanish Ancient Varieties of Red Grape under Climate Change Scenarios ». Plants 11, n^o 21 (31 octobre 2022) : 2929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212929.

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Background: Climate change results in warmer air temperatures and an uncertain amount and distribution of annual precipitations, which will directly impact rainfed crops, such as the grapevine. Traditionally, ancient autochthones grapevine varieties have been substituted by modern ones with higher productivity. However, this homogenization of genotypes reduces the genetic diversity of vineyards which could make their ability to adapt to challenges imposed by future climate conditions difficult. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the response of four ancient grapevine varieties to high temperatures under different water availabilities, focusing on plant water relations, grape technological and phenolic maturity, and the antioxidant capacity of the must. Methods: The study was conducted on fruit-bearing cuttings grown in pots in temperature-gradient greenhouses. A two-factorial design was established where two temperature regimes, ambient and elevated (ambient + 4 °C), were combined with two water regimes, full irrigation and post-veraison deficit irrigation, during fruit ripening. Results: There were significant differences among the ancient varieties regarding plant water relations and fruit quality. Conclusion: This research underlines the importance of evaluating the behavior of ancient grapevine varieties that could offer good options for the adaptation of viticulture to future climate conditions.

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Fiore, Maria Carola, Sebastiano Blangiforti, Giovanni Preiti, Alfio Spina, Sara Bosi, Ilaria Marotti, Antonio Mauceri, Guglielmo Puccio, Francesco Sunseri et Francesco Mercati. « Elucidating the Genetic Relationships on the Original Old Sicilian Triticum Spp. Collection by SNP Genotyping ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 21 (2 novembre 2022) : 13378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113378.

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Several Triticum species spread in cultivation in Sicily and neighboring regions over the centuries, which led to the establishment of a large genetic diversity. Many ancient varieties were widely cultivated until the beginning of the last century before being replaced by modern varieties. Recently, they have been reintroduced in cultivation in Sicily. Here, the genetic diversity of 115 and 11 accessions from Sicily and Calabria, respectively, belonging to Triticum species was evaluated using a high-density SNP array. Einkorn, emmer, and spelta wheat genotypes were used as outgroups for species and subspecies; five modern varieties of durum and bread wheat were used as references. A principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed four distinct groups among Triticum species and T. turgidum subspecies. The population structure analysis distinguished five gene pools, among which three appeared private to the T. aestivum, T. turgidum subsp. Turgidum, and ‘Timilia’ group. The principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a bio-morphological trait relationship of a subset (110) of ancient wheat varieties and their wide variability within the T. turgidum subsp. durum subgroups. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and phylogenetic analyses applied to the four durum wheat subgroups revealed that the improved varieties harbored a different gene pool compared to the most ancient varieties. The ‘Russello’ and ‘Russello Ibleo’ groups were distinguished; both displayed higher genetic variability compared to the ‘Timilia’ group accessions. This research represents a comprehensive approach to fingerprinting the old wheat Sicilian germplasm, which is useful in avoiding commercial fraud and sustaining the cultivation of landraces and ancient varieties.

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Francini, Alessandra, Carmen Fidalgo-Illesca, Andrea Raffaelli et Luca Sebastiani. « Phenolics and Mineral Elements Composition in Underutilized Apple Varieties ». Horticulturae 8, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010040.

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(1) Background: The aim of this research is to study the importance of improving knowledge of old variety apples in terms of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and mineral elements. (2) Methods: Fifteen phenolic compounds (UHPLC-MS/MS techniques), eight mineral elements (Ca, K, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na and Mg), antioxidant capacity (DPPH%) and vitamin C content in four ancient apple varieties of Tuscany (‘Mora’, ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’), with the ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivar as reference, were analyzed. (3) Results: Ancient cultivars exhibited a superior antioxidant capacity compared to commercial cultivars. ECTC and CGA were the polyphenols that mostly characterized the ancient apples. The contents of the elements of concern, Zn and Mn, were higher in the ancient cultivars ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’, while Na showed significant low concentration in ‘Nesta’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ compared to ‘Golden Delicious’. The vitamin C content also indicated that ‘Mora’, ‘Panaia’ and ‘Ruggina’ old variety had an AsA content around 10 times higher than the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. (4) Conclusions: Underutilized varieties could be an excellent source of bioactive phenolic phytochemicals, mineral nutrients and vitamins that may offer special nutraceutical benefits compared to other fruits.

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Spisni, Enzo, Veronica Imbesi, Elisabetta Giovanardi, Giovannamaria Petrocelli, Patrizia Alvisi et Maria Chiara Valerii. « Differential Physiological Responses Elicited by Ancient and Heritage Wheat Cultivars Compared to Modern Ones ». Nutrients 11, n^o 12 (26 novembre 2019) : 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122879.

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Although ancient, heritage, and modern wheat varieties appear rather similar from a nutritional point of view, having a similar gluten content and a comparable toxicity linked to their undigested gluten peptide, whenever the role of ancient end heritage wheat grains has been investigated in animal studies or in clinical trials, more anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with the older wheat varieties. This review provides a critical overview of existing data on the differential physiological responses that could be elicited in the human body by ancient and heritage grains compared to modern ones. The methodology used was that of analyzing the results of relevant studies conducted from 2010 through PubMed search, by using as keywords “ancient or heritage wheat”, “immune wheat” (protein or peptides), and immune gluten (protein or peptides). Our conclusion is that, even if we do not know exactly which molecular mechanisms are involved, ancient and heritage wheat varieties have different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties with respect to modern cultivars. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the health proprieties attributed to older cultivars could be related to wheat components which have positive roles in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and/or permeability.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Ancient varieties"

Alessandri, Sara <1991&gt. « Characterization of the chestnut germoplasm of Emilia-Romagna region and ancient fruit tree varieties valorization ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9637/1/TESI%20REVISIONATA-SaraAlessandri.pdf.

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Molecular characterization represents a valid support for the recovery of germoplasm, also motivated by the interest for the valorization of local productions in order to make their traceability possible. Molecular characterization is also fundamental for the individuation of misnomers in collection fields in which the different varieties are preserved. In particular, microsatellites have been used in this research to investigate the genetic diversity, inside a population and at an individual level, and the correct varietal correspondence. The research is mainly based on the study of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). A STRUCTURE analysis was carried out at European level with the allelic frequencies of the samples collected in Emilia-Romagna. Variation found at group and subgroup level may reflect a combination of historical migration/selection processes and adaptive factors to different environments between Italian and Spanish regions. In addition, a case study for the valorization of an old local variety and its re-introduction in the cultivation areas was proposed. This research was carried out by a morphological and molecular characterization of the local apple variety 'Rosa Romana'. The conservation of this variety entails the discrimination of different accessions with very similar phenotype that are present in the original cultivation area. The identification of historical trees and most adequate reference plants are fundamental steps for the correct propagation of this old variety and for the development of nursery activities. This will also promote and re-evaluate the exploitation and protection of such ancient Italian apple cultivars. This model could be in future also carried out for chestnut varieties. In conclusion, analysis with molecular markers is of fundamental importance for the protection and the maintenance of local and ancient varieties which allow to increase the allelic variability available for breeding programs.

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Berni, Roberto. « VALORISING TUSCAN VARIETIES OF SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) THROUGH AN INTEGRATED APPROACH : GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS COUPLED TO METABOLOMICS AND PROTEOMICS ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1092963.

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A strong interest is given to sustainable agricultural practices valorising the local biodiversity of territories and promoting, at the regional level, products deriving from locally-grown non-commercial varieties. These varieties designate plants that were grown in the past, but that have not been subject to a market-driven pressure, thereby falling out of agricultural interest. Ancient varieties are considered wild, since they can thrive in soils where the human input is minimal and are sources of interesting agronomic characters, notably higher resilience to adverse environmental conditions. Italy has started conservation programs aimed at preserving the local biodiversity via ex situ collections; in this respect Tuscany is at the forefront, with a regional law (law 64/04) created for the recovery and preservation of local varieties of woody and herbaceous plant species. The fruits produced by ancient varieties can diversify the options offered by local markets and are equally rich sources of functional molecules with nutraceutical value. With a view to valorize non-commercial regional sweet cherry varieties of Tuscany, the present PhD thesis characterised the Tuscan repertoire of Prunus avium L., by using complementary approaches comprising genotyping, gene expression analysis, as well as metabolomics and proteomics. The fruits of sweet cherry are rich sources of health-promoting compounds. Among the beneficial phytochemicals are different classes of phenolic compounds produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway, an important hub of plant secondary metabolism. The content of phenolic compounds was measured in six ancient P. avium varieties from Tuscany (Benedetta, Carlotta, Crognola, Maggiola, Moscatella and Morellona) sampled at the stage of commercial harvest (ca. 60 dpa, days post anthesis). The results cover three consecutive years of sampling (2016-2017-2018) to highlight the variations in functional molecule content linked to the environmental conditions encountered during the years. Higher levels of phenolic compounds were quantified in the Tuscan sweet cherries, as compared to the fruits of the commercial variety Durone. In particular, the varieties Crognola and Morellona are the top-producers of phenolics. The expression analysis reveals the presence of different expression patterns of the genes involved in the early and late steps of the phenylpropanoid pathway, both among the genotypes and the years. Finally, the soluble proteomes of the two highest producers of functional molecules, i.e. Crognola and Morellona, reveal differences in proteins related to cell wall remodelling, redox balance and stress response. In conclusion, the results presented draw attention on the nutraceutical potential of ancient P. avium varieties from Tuscany and stress the importance of a multidisciplinary approach encompassing gene expression and metabolomic analyses.

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PUGLISI, DANIEL. « PREBREEDING OF MAIZE TRADITIONAL FARMERS¿ VARIETIES AND THEIR BIOFORTIFICATION FOR FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/616805.

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Maize is the main cereal grain cultivated worldwide (Zea mays L. ssp. mays), and alone is responsible for providing 15% of the protein and 20% of the calories in the human diet supplying an energy density of 365 Kcal/100 g. Maize is a good source of starch and protein; it also provides lipids, macronutrients, micronutrients and fiber. Maize has a matrix rich in organic compounds and minerals with potential benefits to health. Human nutrition remains one of the main uses, being a staple food for poor populations and determining the selection of varieties for producing many typical dishes such as polenta in Italy and pap in South Africa. Maize still represents a staple food for many populations: maize tortillas provide about 50%-65% of human energy intake in Peru, Bolivia, and in rural areas of Mexico; in Africa are located 16 among the 22 countries in which corn represents the main source of energy in the diet. In Sub-Saharian countries, maize consumption is comparable to that of rice in Asia. In poor regions of the word nutrient deficiency (Zn, Fe and vitamin A) has a relevant role in child and adult mortality. In particular vitamin A deficiency ranks in top position among factors contributing to blindness, and affect cognitive development in children Thus, while productivity remains the major target for breeders, focusing on grain quality, could be reduced deficiencies of some minerals and provitamin A increasing the concentration of functional compounds and the nutritional value in particular for poor populations that use maize as staple food. Bio-fortification programs could be useful for rich countries where in the last years the attention for nutrigenomic and the demand of gluten-free, vegetarian, vegan and high nutritional value food is growing obtaining products with added value; but mainly for the poor countries where the main goal is to reduce the target population having low intake of these fundamental nutrients. Bio-fortification can use as source of genetic variability landraces and traditional farmers’ varieties. These important genetic sources with their inter-genotypic balance are well-known to have natural variation in important nutraceuticals, which has been lost in several years during the breeding of modern cultivars having a superior nutritional value. Furthermore, in low input system, they present yield stability in response to biotic and a-biotic stresses. In these cases, participatory breeding, involving gene banks and farmers, can have a significant and positive influence ameliorating some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding. In order to explore and identify the genetic variability of Italian and European landraces and traditional farmers varieties and to use these in breeding programs, we performed a pre-breeding activity in collaboration with CREA. With this pre-breeding activity we demonstrated the nutritional superiority of ancient varieties if compared with modern hybrids. In particular Spinato di Gandino is the best variety for milling properties and for oil, protein, and total phosphorus content; Storo is the best variety for calorific value and for carotenoids and free phosphorus content, Nero Spinoso is an interesting variety for nutrient amount in general and mainly for phlobaphenes presence. From these varieties we started a bio-fortification program aimed to obtain new synthesis populations with high nutritional value. In particular we focused on Nero Spinoso. Thanks to the high phlobaphenes content and the good nutritional value Nero Spinoso could be considered as functional foods, able to increase the amount of antioxidants introduced in the diet in fact their high antioxidant power suggests effects similar to the ones of the anthocyanins. Moreover these molecules are thought to have an important role in plant’s resistance against different pathogens and are probably involved in flavonoids antifungal activity: phlobaphenes and other flavonoids are thought to harden maize pericarp, acting as a physical barrier against fungal infection and reducing the mycelial progress from a seed to another. For this reason we decided to recover a P1 gene and we introgressed it in different genetic backgrounds of high performance varities finding that P1 could be a regulator gene that leads to an increase of the pericarp thickness, a decrease of fumonisins accumulation and an increase of phlobaphenes concentration in varieties with the same genetic background that are different only for this allele. Starting from here we can enhance the production and cultivation of corn varieties rich in phlobaphenes in areas characterized by a humid and rainy climate. Our pre-breeding activity was carried out also in South Africa where maize us a staple food for the population. There we characterized from the phenotypical and nutritional points of view one white and one yellow South African landrace maize cultivar obtained directly from the farmers in the rural region of Qwa-Qwa (Free State Province). Our data show that there are no nutritional reasons to prefer the white variety for human consumption, with the exception of the large size of the seeds, which make them particularly adapted for milling. In collaboration with the Vaal University of Technology we started a bio-fortification program using the best European varieties in order to increase the nutritional value of the white variety. We will try to improve protein, Fe and carotenoids amount, contributing in this way to tackle the problem of malnutrition in South African rural areas.

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SABATO, DIEGO. « Archaeological seeds and local varieties of edible fruits : morphology through time ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266569.

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This research is divided in five chapters: [CHAPTER 1] describes the research carried out on waterlogged plant remains from a Late Bronze Age well found near Cabras, in Sa Osa area (Central-West Sardinia). The combination of macro-remain and pollen analyses in this unique context provided important information for exploring not only local subsistence systems but also human impact on the surrounding environment. Grapes and figs were the most abundant remains together with other fruits and edible vascular plants. Remains of melon and mulberry were identified being the earliest remains of these two species for Western Europe. [CHAPTER 2] concerns the plant remains contained in some Phoenician-Punic amphorae dated to the 6th-5th and the 3rd-2nd century BC century BC found at the bottom of Santa Giusta lagoon (Central-West Sardinia). Many of these amphorae contained ovine/caprine bones with butchery marks associated with grapes and other fruits, as plums, sloes, and junipers, which may have played a role in meat preservation. Other fruits and nuts found in the same contexts, such as watermelon, bottle gourd, hazelnuts, walnuts, pine nuts, almonds and olives were probably related to food trade. [CHAPTER 3] describes the phenotypic characterization achieved by seed features compared with molecular analysis on modern Cucumis melo genotypes. A set of 124 accessions of Cucumis melo has been selected for molecular and morpho-colourimetric analyses plus an additional selection of accessions of C. sativus, Citrullus lanatus and C. colocynthis used to highlight seed morphology distances among genus and species. A strong correlation has been found between the two characters. Both molecular and seed morpho-colorimetrical analyses confirm the existence of two melon subspecies while an intermediate group has also found. [CHAPTER 4] describes the comparison of molecular and morphological seed features of Late Bronze Age melon seeds found in Sa Osa (Chapter 1) with a set of 172 accessions of melon landraces. Both molecular and morphological analyses confirmed that these archaeological seeds did not belong to a wild species, but to a cultivated melon, likely to be an intermediate form between the two melon subspecies. Reasonably, this primitive melon could be attributed to an ancestral non-sweet or low sugar form of chate, flexuosus or ameri varieties. [CHAPTER 5] describes de comparison of molecular and morphological seed features of Medieval melon and watermelon seeds discovered in a well in via Satta, in the centre of Sassari. Molecular characterization has been carried out on the same reference set described in Chapter 4 while the morphological comparison of watermelon seeds was based on 36 Citrullus lanatus and C. colocynthis landraces. Molecular and morphological analyses matched with both sweet and non-sweet melon accessions. Data suggests that several types of melon were already cultivated in Medieval Age. Morphological characterization of watermelon seeds evidenced a close relation with Sardinian, Spanish and Asian landraces, suggesting that watermelons were already close to modern varieties.

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Livres sur le sujet "Ancient varieties"

Aristotle's Physics and its medieval varieties. Albany : State University of New York Press, 1992.

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Saxelby, Catherine. Ancient grains : Whole-food recipes for the modern table. Crows Nest, NSW : Arbon Publishing, 2013.

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Roger, Brock, et Hodkinson Stephen, dir. Alternatives to Athens : Varieties of political organization and community in ancient Greece. New York : Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Clauser, Marina, Andrea Grigioni et Mario Landi, dir. Peperoncini. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-951-9.

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The chili pepper is a spice and medicinal remedy used since ancient times by the American peoples who were the first to undertake the domestication of 5 species belonging to the genus Capsicum (Solanaceae): Capsicum (Solanaceae): Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens e C. pubescens. After the sixteenth century the chili pepper became similarly popular in other continents and today the five species number many reference pod-types and over 3,000 varieties. The book describes their uses in the different spheres of cuisine (aromatic, spicy and colourful), medicine (antioxidant and digestive for internal use, rubefacient and anti-rheumatic for external use) and ornamentation (cut branches, floral compositions, border plants, splashes of colour).

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Benacchio, Rosanna, Alessio Muro et Svetlana Slavkova, dir. The role of prefixes in the formation of aspectuality. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-698-9.

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One of the most widely debated topics in Slavic linguistics has always been verbal aspect, which takes different forms because of the various grammaticalization paths which led to its emergence. In the formation of the category of aspect in Slavic languages, a key role was played by the morphological mechanism of prefixation (a.k.a. preverbation), whereby the prefixes (which originally performed the function of markers of adverbial meanings) came to act as markers of boundedness. This volume contains thirteen articles on the mechanism of prefixation, written by leading international scholars in the field of verbal aspect. Ancient and modern Slavic varieties, as well as non-Slavic and even non-Indo-European languages, are represented, making the volume an original and significant contribution to Slavic as well as typological linguistics.

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Plato's Forms : Varieties of Interpretation. Lexington Books, 2003.

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Crone, Patricia. Islam, the Ancient Near East and Varieties of Godlessness. Sous la direction de Hanna Siurua. BRILL, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004319318.

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Cohen, Shaye J. D., et Joshua J. Schwartz, dir. Studies in Josephus and the Varieties of Ancient Judaism. BRILL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004153899.i-312.

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Ancient heritage cookies : Gluten-free, whole-grain, and nut-flour treats. 2016.

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Restoring heritage grains : The culture, biodiversity, resilience, and cuisine of ancient wheats. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2016.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Ancient varieties"

Sorabji, Richard. « Graeco-Roman Varieties of Self ». Dans Ancient Philosophy of the Self, 13–34. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8596-3_1.

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Pfeilschifter, Rene. « Local Self-Governance and Varieties of Statehood : Some Remarks from an Ancient Historian ». Dans Local Self-Governance and Varieties of Statehood, 193–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14996-2_10.

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Gualandi, Guido, et D. Williams-Gualandi. « Transformative Change Through Ecological Consumption and Production of Ancient Wheat Varieties in Tuscany, Italy ». Dans Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 95–114. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_6.

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AbstractIn the 2016 Volume 2 of the Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review (SITR), a summary of the activities of the Grani Antichi Association in Montespertoli, Tuscany, was introduced with a roll out plan for transformative change of the supply chain and possible replication of the project in other regions. The main goal of the project has been to restore and preserve ancient varieties of wheat, cultivate them sustainably and include a form of payment for the least compensated members of the production chain. The aims of the Association are to reduce the carbon footprint of modern agricultural practices and the landslides and soil erosion caused by them, to preserve biodiversity and most importantly, to improve farmers’ revenue, enabling them to safeguard the environment and improve health by cultivating healthy food. The preservation of social ties and local knowledge is an additional result. Markers of the project’s success include benefits that are equally distributed across the production chain, farmers who are motivated to cultivate ancient wheat varieties and the conversion of 500 ha of abandoned or conventionally cultivated land to a more sustainable and biodiverse system. The market economy system in place was dismantled, and farmers now have access to more economic benefits, which must be distributed fairly. Because the project provides a transformative model of production and consumption outside the traditional market economy system, it appears to function with a complete multi-sectoral chain, where producers, food processors and consumers agree on a set price for a defined product. This chapter provides a preliminary analysis of the successes and challenges related to the main project and to upscaling in different areas.

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HAYNES, KENNETH. « Varieties of Language Purism ». Dans English Literature and Ancient Languages, 40–73. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212125.003.0003.

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« Varieties of Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel ». Dans Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel, 91–147. Penn State University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv2321hnd.9.

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« EARLY NORTHERN FRONTIER VARIETIES OF CHINESE ». Dans Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China, 79–108. Harrassowitz, O, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvckq4f7.17.

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STUART, DAVID. « THE VARIETIES OF ANCIENT MAYA NUMERATION AND VALUE ». Dans The Construction of Value in the Ancient World, 497–515. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdjrrxf.30.

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« Chapter 4. Varieties of Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel ». Dans Child Sacrifice in Ancient Israel, 91–147. Penn State University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781646022014-007.

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Yelle, Robert A. « Spiritual Economies Beyond the Sacred/Secular Paradigm : Or, What Did Religious Freedom Mean in Ancient India ? 1 ». Dans Varieties of Religious Establishment, 15–32. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315548401-2.

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Stroumsa, Guy G. « Varieties of Monotheism and the Three Rings ». Dans The Idea of Semitic Monotheism, 24–42. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898685.003.0002.

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While the idea of Semitic monotheism only emerged in the mid-nineteenth century as a variegated religious phenomenon, monotheism has a much more ancient history. The present chapter will first briefly set forth some of the main stages in the emergence and evolution of monotheism in ancient religious history and discuss the origins of the modern concept of monotheism. It will then follow some of the major approaches to the question of the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in the long Middle Ages. As the new paradigm of the three monotheistic religions reflects a rejection of these medieval traditions, this concise review of ancient evidence is necessary in order to fully understand the later developments.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Ancient varieties"

Milić, Vesna, Igor Đurđić, Branka Govedarica, Tatjana Krajišnik, Slavica Samardžić et Gordana Radovanović. « KARAKTERIZACIJA STARIH RATARSKIH SORTI TREBINJSKOG KRAJA ». Dans XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.051m.

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In the rural areas of the Trebinje region, individual agricultural producers have managed to preserve old varieties of beans and grains that are produced in an extensive way and in comparison with intensive varieties and hybrids give significantly lower yields. The traditional way of production from ancient times, the specific taste of food prepared from these varieties, medicinal properties, increasing demand and significantly higher prices compared to new varieties have influenced the increase in the area on which it is grown. The organization "Slow Food Convivium" from Trebinje in cooperation with the Faculty of Agriculture East Sarajevo performed chemical analyzes and characterization of old varieties from the area of Popov and Petrov field and the goal is to point out the importance of preserving these varieties and to popularize them among the population. Trebinje, as well as tourists who come in large numbers to the southernmost city of Republika Srpska

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De Leo, M., A. Mero, A. Mezzetta, L. Guazzelli, N. De Tommasi et A. Braca. « Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) : valorization of six Italian ancient varieties and recovery of industrial waste by natural deep eutectic solvents ». Dans GA – 69th Annual Meeting 2021, Virtual conference. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736772.

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