Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Angle of treatment of journalistic information »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Angle of treatment of journalistic information"
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Schafraad, Pytrik, et Ward Van Zoonen. « Reconsidering churnalism : How news factors in corporate press releases influence how journalists treat these press releases after initial selection ». Communications 45, s1 (18 novembre 2020) : 718–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-2075.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis study examines how news factors in press releases influence journalists’ decisions and the journalistic treatment of press release information after its initial selection for the news agenda: These journalists can transform press releases into a news story, which involves little journalistic capital investment, or use these releases for a unique news production, which requires significant journalistic capital investment. The data elicited from the content analysis show that the more profound the presence of certain news factors in press releases, the higher the chance that journalists will choose to invest their journalistic capital in these press releases. This result means that journalists will only invest journalistic capital in press releases that contain specific news factors.
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Kosyk, Anastasiya, Anna Kirsten, Andreas M. Scheu et Bernadette Uth. « COVID-19 sceptics’ attitudes and expectations toward the media : Understanding the role of moral judgements on trust and distrust in journalistic communication on COVID-19 ». Studies in Communication and Media 12, no 2-3 (2023) : 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2192-4007-2023-2-3-155.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the German population has become polarised and distrust in social institutions has grown. Despite generally high levels of trust in sci- ence, we have witnessed the emergence of science and COVID-19 sceptics, who are critical of widely accepted scientific knowledge about COVID-19 health risks, treatment and vac- cines. While journalistic information on scientific topics is assumed to be central to knowl- edge formation, little is known thus far about the use of media and the formation of COVID-19 sceptics’ attitudes. This exploratory interview study therefore investigated the trust and distrust expressed by German COVID-19 sceptics regarding journalistic informa- tion on COVID-19. Results indicate that COVID-19 sceptics perceive themselves as criti- cal, responsible media users and informed recipients. They increasingly distrust journalistic science coverage due to what they view as moral failures in journalism; as a result, they prefer alternative media that they believe to be morally superior.
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Stanojević, Dobrivoje, et Lidija Mirkov. « Genological media alternative : Column as an antigenre ». CM : Communication and Media 17, no 52 (2022) : 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/cm17-41522.
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In the age of digital content, information does not reach people only through standard and established linguistic and genre forms. In addition to hybrids, it is possible to experience many other genres in public, in accordance with the context of current reality. The first journalistic genre singled out from the world of literature -the column -today is not just small-scale literature. There are currents in it that we can observe from the angle of literary and journalistic studies because it retains the standardized genre properties, giving new dimensions of meaning. There is little genealogical research in the field of media. Preserving the features of traditional genres is as difficult as shaping new genres that can be labeled as alternatives. The column in public discourse today is not neglected, but, on the contrary, it attracts the attention of young generations (weeklies, portals, new media platforms such as YouTube or Ted talk). The column as a counter-genre is a proven "habit" of the text to take shape against expectations. The columnist himself determines his genre boundaries. The ironic-parodic, negative, nihilistic side of the column stems from the uncertainty of journalistic discourse. The constant meandering of the form affects its perception. The anti-genre features of the column make it critically oriented towards genealogical conventions. The column has no strict conventions, other than conventions breaking conventions and trying to be "unconventional." The column pushes the boundaries and meanings of genres and contributes to the decentralization of contemporary media discourse. It is becoming the new structural dominant of contemporary journalism.
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Fernàndez-Aragonès, Aina, et Mª Soliña Barreiro González. « Framing the gig economy : Delivery riders in Spanish media (2015–21) ». Journal of Class & ; Culture 2, no 1 (1 avril 2023) : 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jclc_00023_1.
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Riders or delivery messengers are currently a symbol of job insecurity. However, companies in the so-called gig or platform economy continue to present themselves as modern ones, technologically adapted to the new scheme that defines the twenty-first century. The article analyses, from the perspective of framing and journalistic routines, the media coverage (press) of the main delivery companies in Spain: Glovo and Deliveroo. Using a longitudinal sample of 764 pieces of news drawn from the six most important Spanish newspapers from January 2015 to December 2021, we explore the conditions under which this information is prepared and how this determines the frames of their narrative. This article exposes the principal media frames used in the news treatment of the rider phenomena and analyses its causes, focusing on structural elements in the journalistic routines from a materialist perspective. In short, this article focuses on an analysis of the collision of frames as a continuation of the capital/labour struggle in the media sphere.
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Fernández-Rovira, Cristina, et Santiago Giraldo-Luque. « How Are Women Politicians Treated in the Press ? The Case of Spain, France and the United Kingdom ». Journalism and Media 2, no 4 (23 novembre 2021) : 732–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2040043.
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Women politicians have been discriminated against or negatively valued under stereotypes in media coverage and have been given a secondary role compared to male politicians. The article proposes an analysis of the treatment given by digital media to women political leaders. They are from different parties in three countries and the aim is to identify the polarity (positive, neutral or negative) of the information published about them in the media. The text focuses on the cases of Anne Hidalgo and Marine Le Pen, from France, Nicola Sturgeon and Theresa May, from the United Kingdom and Ada Colau and Inés Arrimadas, from Spain. The study develops a computerised sentiment analysis of the information published in two leading digital newspapers in each country, during the month of November 2019. The research, with the analysis of 1100 journalistic pieces, shows that the polarity or valence of the women analysed is predominantly neutral and positive and that the journalistic genres do not determine the media representation of the women studied. On the contrary, the country of study does have a predominant incidence on the way in which women politicians are represented, while the relationship of affinity or antipathy of the Spanish media with the women politicians studied is significant.
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Paíno-Ambrosio, Adriana, et M. ª. Isabel Rodríguez-Fidalgo. « Del espectador pasivo al experiencial : la realidad virtual en la información deportiva ». INDEX COMUNICACION 10, no 1 (1 octobre 2020) : 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33732/ixc/10/01delesp.
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Virtual Reality (VR) and 360º video have been introduced in a novel way in recent years in the journalistic field thanks to their narrative potentialities. Their characteristics have not gone unnoticed within the field of sports reporting, which already has a high audience in any traditional or cybernetic media, giving it a greater attraction now. One of the changes introduced by these productions is their form of consumption. Within this context, this research arises, focused on immersive journalism. Under a qualitative and quantitative perspective, 225 sports productions randomly selected from the main technical platforms that provide VR and video content in 360º are analyzed. The perspective of the analysis focuses on the changes produced in the sports viewer. The main findings show that one of the innovations of this type of immersive storytelling directly affects the role of the spectator, who no longer adopts a passive attitude but becomes a protagonist of the sport. New experiences of sports consumption are beginning to be generated where the treatment of information, to a certain extent, is relegated to second place, in relation to traditional journalistic criteria. We are in front of a new sports spectator.
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Sánchez Torres, Mabel. « The environmental agenda in alternative media in Ibero-America : key issues and challenges ». Multidisciplinar (Montevideo) 3 (30 janvier 2025) : 202. https://doi.org/10.62486/agmu2025202.
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The article reflects on the challenges of the environmental agenda promoted by alternative media born in the digital environment. After a critical review of the scientific literature on the treatment of the subject in Ibero-America, the text aims to shed light on the debate on the concept of alternative journalism, understood as a journalistic practice that prioritizes the depth, veracity and added value of the information as opposed to the mercantilist and liberal sense of traditional media companies. In addition, it delves into the trends of the environmental agenda and the approach to climate change in particular, and points out the main challenges of alternative media to promote a sustainable agenda.
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Hiss, Florian. « Tromsø som samisk by ? – Språkideologier og medienes rolle i språkdebatten ». Nordlit 16, no 2 (23 octobre 2012) : 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2375.
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This article presents a critical analysis of the discursive practices in the public debate on Sámi language in Tromsø. The conflict around the political plan of Tromsø municipality to join the administrative area for the Sámi language lasted for about one year and was largely carried out in the local newspapers, which had established themselves as an arena and broker in the conflict. The focus of this study is, on the one hand, on the role of the media in the debate and, on the other hand, on the socially constructed relations between Sámi and Norwegian language and social meanings, which get expressed in a highly ideological picture of language and local identity and form the ground for the language conflict. The analytic strategy is twofold: as a first step, the study focuses on the reproduction of language ideologies in letters to the editor and readers’ contributions to the local papers’ discussion pages. The identification of the three semiotic processes of iconization (rhematization), fractal recursivity, and erasure reveals how the writers’ expressions of opinion are anchored in a language ideology that connects Sámi language with certain social values and ignores a larger linguistic and cultural diversity in the town of Tromsø. As a second step, the analysis explores the journalistic treatment of the multitude of conflicting voices in the debate and critically sheds light on the construction of a journalistic voice. Although the journalists claim to construe a seemingly neutral ground for their reports (or independent comments), the analysis shows that journalists use the representation of various voices in their texts to construe a positioned, evaluating, and ideologically anchored journalistic voice. In face of the highly ideological character of the language debate in Tromsø, I argue that local journalism has failed in countering the ideological picture of language and society through information and independent journalism.
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Sánchez Maldonado, Miguel, José Luis Terrón Blanco et José Carlos Lozano Rendón. « Stigmatization and lexical use in the journalistic treatment of information about hiv/aids in five Mexican newspapers from 2012 to 2013 ». Comunicación y Sociedad, no 25 (1 janvier 2016) : 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/cys.v0i25.4422.
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Shima, Hiroaki, Ryuzo Okuda, Toshito Yasuda, Katsunori Mori, Momoko Kizawa, Seiya Tsujinaka et Masashi Neo. « Operative Treatment for Hallux Valgus With Moderate to Severe Metatarsus Adductus ». Foot & ; Ankle International 40, no 6 (7 mars 2019) : 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719835520.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Operative treatment is indicated for patients who have symptomatic hallux valgus (HV) with moderate to severe metatarsus adductus (MA). However, there is limited information available on the operative procedures and outcomes for the treatment of HV with MA. We aimed to investigate the average 10-year follow-up clinical and radiologic outcomes. Methods: Seventeen patients (21 feet, average age: 60.1 years) with symptomatic HV with moderate to severe MA were operatively treated. Mean postoperative follow-up duration was 114.4 (24-246) months. All feet had metatarsus adductus angle ≥20 degrees on dorsoplantar weight-bearing radiograph. The procedure included a proximal crescentic osteotomy of the first metatarsal and abduction osteotomy of the proximal third of the second and third metatarsals. Results: The mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale score improved significantly postoperatively ( P < .001). The mean postoperative visual analog scale score (17 feet) was 2.0 (0-6). Preoperative metatarsalgia was severe in 2 feet, moderate in 17, and mild in 2. At the most recent follow-up evaluation, 11 feet had no pain, 9 had mild pain, and 1 had moderate pain. The mean hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and metatarsus adductus angle significantly decreased postoperatively ( P < .001 for all). Recurrence of HV (HV angle ≥ 20 degrees) was observed in 4 feet. Conclusion: The clinical and radiologic results indicated that our novel operative treatment for HV with moderate to severe MA can achieve significant correction of HV with MA deformities and significant improvement in pain and function. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Thèses sur le sujet "Angle of treatment of journalistic information"
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Dossa, Sagbo Djifi Armistice Martin. « La gestion de l'information politique à caractère gouvernemental en milieu journalistique : cas de la télévision nationale du Bénin ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0116.
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Le présent travail de recherche s'est penché sur les nouveaux défis des médias, notamment du service public, après le vent de démocratisation qui a engendré la libéralisation de l'espace médiatique en Afrique au début des années 1990.Cette thèse porte la gestion de l'information gouvernementale en milieu sur journalistique à la télévision nationale du Bénin en Afrique francophone. L'objectif principal ici est d'une part d'explorer les méandres qui conduisent à la production des informations diffusées sur la chaîne, d'en évaluer d'abord la rigueur professionnelle par rapport aux principes du métier du journalisme, et d'autre part l'analyse des journaux télévisés et la perception par les consommateurs des produits de la télévision nationale du Bénin enfin.En choisissant ce média public comme terrain d'étude, ce travail propose un cadre d'analyse des journaux télévisés, de la production et de la réception de l'information gouvernementale au sein de cette télévision.Cette enquête approfondie, entre questionnaires, entretiens collectifs, étudie le traitement et les angles de traitements adoptés face à l'information politique à caractère gouvernemental au regard du code de la déontologie de la presse Béninoise et de la loi n° 2015-07 portant code de l'information et de la communication en République du Bénin.Les résultats obtenus soulignent ensuite le rôle du décret n°2005-252 du 6 mai 2005 portant approbation des statuts de cette télévision ; en ses articles 3 et 25 dans le traitement de l'information gouvernementale. Ces deux articles confient respectivement à ce média de : «Réaliser des émissions d'information générale et des programmes de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision répondant aux objectifs politiques, économiques, et socio-culturels de l'Etat béninois » et indique ensuite que le DG, s'il est responsable de la gestion quotidienne est surtout chargé de « veiller à la mise en œuvre de la politique de l'information gouvernementale ainsi qu'à la diffusion de tous les courants de pensée pour autant qu'ils ne portent pas atteinte à l'ordre et à la « sécurité publique. »Enfin, cette thèse permet de revenir sur les effets de la communication politique, ses liens et influences sur l'information journalistique à la télévision du point de vue de la production et de la réception.Sur la base des résultats de notre recherche, ce travail préconise une formation du personnel, une révision des textes régissant le fonctionnement de la télévision nationale du Bénin, et un travail de sensibilisation des acteurs politiques sur le rôle d'un organe de presse nationaleThis thesis examines the management of government information in a journalistic environment on Benin national television in French-speaking Africa. The main objective here is to explore the meanders that lead to the production of news broadcast on the channel, to assess its professional rigor in relation to the principles of the journalistic profession, and to analyze newscasts and consumers' perception of the products of Benin's national television.By choosing this public medium as the field of study, this work proposes a framework for analyzing newscasts, the production and reception of government information within this television.This in-depth investigation, between questionnaires, group interviews, studies the treatment and angles of treatment adopted in the face of political information of a governmental nature with regard to the code of ethics of the Beninese press and law no. 2015-07 on the information and communication code in the Republic of Benin.The results then highlight the role of Decree no. 2005-252 of May 6, 2005, approving the statutes of this television station, in articles 3 and 25, in the treatment of government information. These two articles respectively entrust this medium with: "Produce general information broadcasts and radio and television programs in line with the political, economic and socio-cultural objectives of the Beninese state", and go on to state that the CEO, while responsible for day-to-day management, is above all charged with "overseeing the implementation of government information policy, as well as the dissemination of all currents of thought, insofar as they do not undermine public order and security".Finally, this thesis examines the effects of political communication, its links and influences on journalistic information on television, from the point of view of production and reception.On the basis of the results of our research, this work recommends staff training, a revision of the texts governing the operation of Benin's national television station, and work to raise awareness among political players of the role of a national media outlet
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Tseng, Yin-Tzu. « Under the auspices of privacy .. or not surveying the state judicial treatment of access to government records / ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5659.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
Livres sur le sujet "Angle of treatment of journalistic information"
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Gill, Jeff, et Jonathan Homola. Issues in Polling Methodologies. Sous la direction de Lonna Rae Atkeson et R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.11.
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This chapter presents issues and complications in statistical inference and uncertainty assessment using public opinion and polling data. It emphasizes the methodologically appropriate treatment of polling results as binomial and multinomial outcomes, and highlights methodological issues with correctly specifying and explaining the margin of error. The chapter also examines the log-ratio transformation of compositional data such as proportions of candidate support as one possible approach for the difficult analysis of such information. The deeply flawed Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) is discussed, along with common inferential misinterpretations. The relevance of this discussion is illustrated using specific examples of errors from journalistic sources as well as from academic journals focused on measures of public opinion.
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Lattman, Eaton E., Thomas D. Grant et Edward H. Snell. Theoretical Background. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199670871.003.0002.
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This chapter describes the basic background for small angle scattering starting with a simple description of the experiment and geometric theory of scattering. It describes the nature of the data produced and the information contained within that data and how relationship between real and reciprocal space in the context of solution scattering. The concept of spherical averaging is described along with its implications and effects on the available structural information from experiment. The chapter describes important fundamental concepts in solution scattering such as the pair distribution function, contrast, and resolution and information content. The chapter is presented so as to promote an intuitive understanding of the theoretical foundations of solution scattering, rather than a rigorous treatment of them.
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Kulak, Dariusz. Wieloaspektowa metoda oceny stanu gleb leśnych po przeprowadzeniu procesów pozyskania drewna. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-28-1.
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Presented reasearch aimed to develop and analyse the suitability of the CART models for prediction of the extent and probability of occurrence of damage to outer soil layers caused by timber harvesting performed under varied conditions. Having employed these models, the author identified certain methods of logging works and conditions, under which they should be performed to minimise the risk of damaging forest soils. The analyses presented in this work covered the condition of soils upon completion of logging works, which was investigated in 48 stands located in central and south-eastern Poland. In the stands selected for these studies a few felling treatments were carried out, including early thinning, late thinning and final felling. Logging works were performed with use of the most popular technologies in Poland. Trees were cut down with chainsaws and timber was extracted by means of various skidding methods: with horses, semi-suspended skidding with the use of cable yarding systems, farm tractors equipped with cable winches or tractors of a skidder type, and forwarding employing farm tractors with trailers loaded mechanically by cranes or manually. The analyses also included mechanised forest operation with the use of a harvester and a forwarder. The information about the extent of damage to soil, in a form of wheel-ruts and furrows, gathered in the course of soil condition inventory served for construction of regression tree models using the CART method (Classification and Regression Trees), based on which the area, depth and the volume of soil damage under analysis, wheel-ruts and furrows, were determined, and the total degree of all soil disturbances was assessed. The CART classification trees were used for modelling the probability of occurrence of wheel-ruts and furrows, or any other type of soil damage. Qualitative independent variables assumed by the author for developing the models included several characteristics describing the conditions under which the logging works were performed, mensuration data of the stands and the treatments conducted there. These characteristics covered in particular: the season of the year when logging works were performed, the system of timber harvesting employed, the manner of timber skidding, the means engaged in the process of timber harvesting and skidding, habitat type, crown closure, and cutting category. Moreover, the author took into consideration an impact of the quantitative independent variables on the extent and probability of occurrence of soil disturbance. These variables included the following: the measuring row number specifying a distance between the particular soil damage and communication tracks, the age of a stand, the soil moisture content, the intensity of a particular cutting treatment expressed by units of harvested timber volume per one hectare of the stand, and the mean angle of terrain inclination. The CART models developed in these studies not only allowed the author to identify the conditions, under which the soil damage of a given degree is most likely to emerge, or determine the probability of its occurrence, but also, thanks to a graphical presentation of the nature and strength of relationships between the variables employed in the model construction, they facilitated a recognition of rules and relationships between these variables and the area, depth, volume and probability of occurrence of forest soil damage of a particular type. Moreover, the CART trees served for developing the so-called decision-making rules, which are especially useful in organising logging works. These rules allow the organisers of timber harvest to plan the management-related actions and operations with the use of available technical means and under conditions enabling their execution in such manner as to minimise the harm to forest soils. Furthermore, employing the CART trees for modelling soil disturbance made it possible to evaluate particular independent variables in terms of their impact on the values of dependent variables describing the recorded disturbance to outer soil layers. Thanks to this the author was able to identify, amongst the variables used in modelling the properties of soil damage, these particular ones that had the greatest impact on values of these properties, and determine the strength of this impact. Detailed results depended on the form of soil disturbance and the particular characteristics subject to analysis, however the variables with the strongest influence on the extent and probability of occurrence of soil damage, under the conditions encountered in the investigated stands, enclosed the following: the season of the year when logging works were performed, the volume-based cutting intensity of the felling treatments conducted, technical means used for completion of logging works, the soil moisture content during timber harvest, the manner of timber skidding, dragged, semi-suspended or forwarding, and finally a distance between the soil damage and transportation ducts. The CART models proved to be very useful in designing timber harvesting technologies that could minimise the risk of forest soil damage in terms of both, the extent of factual disturbance and the probability of its occurrence. Another valuable advantage of this kind of modelling is an opportunity to evaluate an impact of particular variables on the extent and probability of occurrence of damage to outer soil layers. This allows the investigator to identify, amongst all of the variables describing timber harvesting processes, those crucial ones, from which any optimisation process should start, in order to minimise the negative impact of forest management practices on soil condition.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Angle of treatment of journalistic information"
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Khan, Ahsan M. « Laser Treatment for Glaucoma ». Dans Glaucoma. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199757084.003.0016.
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An iridotomy, or opening in the iris, can be created with a laser to treat or prevent pupillary block without having to perform incisional surgery. Laser iridectomies are most commonly performed with argon or Nd:YAG lasers. Here the term iridectomy will refer to the procedure used to create an iris opening by laser, and iridotomy will refer to the iris opening itself. •Primary acute and chronic angle-closure glaucoma (also combined-mechanism): Laser iridectomy is performed to relieve acute pupillary block (to break an acute attack of primary angle closure glaucoma) or as part of management of chronic angle-closure glaucoma concomitantly with medical therapy. •Pseudophakic/aphakic pupillary block glaucoma and other secondary forms of pupillary block glaucoma (i.e., uveitis, following retinal surgery) Incomplete surgical iridectomy •Prophylaxis for narrow angle configuration: Performed when the eye is considered at risk for pupillary block (acute angle-closure glaucoma) as determined by gonioscopy or because of an angle-closure attack in the fellow eye •Pigment dispersion glaucoma: Posterior bowing of the iris with “reverse pupillary block” configuration is often noted in pigmentary glaucoma, which possibly causes increased pigment release from contact between zonules and the posterior iris. Laser iridectomy may minimize the degree of posterior bowing. •Diagnostic: Occasionally an iridectomy may be indicated to ensure pupillary block is not a contributing factor to angle closure in cases where it is not thought to be the primary mechanism (such as in plateau iris). •Caution should be used in eyes with rubeosis irides and in patients on systemic anticoagulation due to risk of hyphema. Argon laser, which coagulates blood vessels, may be more appropriate than Nd:YAG laser in these settings. •Challenges include: •Corneal edema in angle closure glaucoma: May use topical glycerin to improve edema •Shallow anterior chamber: Locate iris crypts where iris is thinnest. •Engorged iris: Avoid large blood vessels; use argon laser first. •Thick iris stroma •For information on medications, •Performed at slit lamp •Lenses: Special iridectomy lenses allow better control of eye movement, aid in eyelid retraction, facilitate delivery of laser energy to the iris, and may prevent corneal burns by acting as heat-sinks.
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Lou Edmond, Hill Douglas, Raso Jim, Donauer Andreas, Moreau Marc, Mahood James et Hedden Douglas. « Brace Wear Characteristics during the first 6 months for the Treatment of Scoliosis ». Dans Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-067-3-346.
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Bracing is the most commonly used non-surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and requires an extensive commitment on the part of the patient and family. However, demonstrating efficacy of brace treatment for AIS has been hampered by the lack of compressive information about wear characteristics. The first 6 months is considered a critical time to evaluate whether AIS patients will commit to the treatment and may predict the treatment outcome. The characteristics of brace wear can assist clinicians to provide better support and aid long term compliance with treatment. This study describes the first 6 month brace wear characteristics in 15 AIS patients (12F;3M) who were prescribed full-time brace wear. There was a statistically significant increase in wear time (p = 0.02) after brace fitting and the brace wear tightness stabilized after month 4. The force at the major pressure pad area continuously decreased after month 2. A moderate correlation was found between the (quantity * quality) of the brace wear at month 6 and the change of Cobb angle (first out of brace – pre brace) (r2= 0.47). The more time that the brace was worn and the higher proportion of time worn at the prescribed tightness or above improves the likelihood of a better treatment result.
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Kiernan, Vincent. « The Elixir of Life ». Dans Atomic Bill, 134–50. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501765636.003.0010.
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This chapter shows William Laurence's front-page story that announced a new era in treating the debilitating disease of rheumatoid arthritis. In one stroke, he reminded his journalistic colleagues around the world that he was not just adept at covering atomic energy; he was one of the preeminent journalists covering all of science. The chapter looks back to the 1930s when Mayo Clinic's Edward Kendall had identified six different chemicals produced by the adrenal glands, which he called Compounds A through F. It then recounts how he and Mayo's Philip Hench began to zero in on Compound E as a possible treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Discussing the dramatic positive results and how the tests would trigger intense public interest, the chapter emphasizes that officials from Mayo and Merck ＆ Co. worked out a detailed plan for releasing information about the research, centered around a closed-door presentation by four Mayo researchers. The chapter looks at how the issue of finding adequate sources of cortisone started to fascinate Laurence, both as a news story to be covered for the Times and as a problem to solve for the public interest.
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Weiss H.-R., El Obeidi N. et Lohschmidt K. « The In Patient Scoliosis Rehabilitation. A “Worst - Case&rdquo ; Analysis ». Dans Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-881-6-361.
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In order to get more information about the efficiency of a scoliosisspecific back school according to Schroth, we started with this prospective study in 1989/90. We applied the following inclusion criteria: 1. Idiopathic scoliosis 2. Risser < 4 3. No bracing or electro-stimulation 4. First follow-up during an inpatient repeat treatment after 1-3 years. 5. Valuable fullsize radiograph not older than 6 months before the beginning of an in-patient treatment. 6. First in-patient treatment in 1989 or 1990. 181 scoliosis patients with an average age of 12.76 years and an average Cobb angle of 27 degrees could be included in this study. The mean Risser sign was 1.4, the average fol- low-up period was 33 months. A relative progression (curvature increase of 5 degrees or more per year) wasn't evident in any case. A group selection was made on the basis of the inclusion criteria of a follow-up investigation during a repeat treatment. For this reason we questioned with the help of a questionnaire also those patients without a repeat treatment and first treatment at our center 1989 or 1990. 116 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria with the exception of point 4. 45 patients couldn't be reached, 13 showed a Cobb increase according to their own information. Thus, when evaluating the whole group, a relative progression of 5% has been obtained. If all “drop outs” are evalutated as therapy failures we found a progression rate of still less than 20% which is still better than natural history.
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Sadek, Sherin, et Ragai Hatata. « OCT from the Past to the Future ». Dans Optical Coherence Tomography - Developments and Innovations in Ophthalmology. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110273.
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OCT is a high-resolution, non-invasive imaging technique that relies on time-of-flight information. Different patterns such as time domain and spectral domain were implemented until the introduction of the longer wavelength new generation, swept-source OCT. Anterior segment OCT has different implications as AC angle assessment, tear meniscus measurement, corneal pathologies, etc. In posterior segment, macular lesions are easier to image (vitreoretinal interface, intraretinal changes, subretinal and choroidal pathologies). OCT-ON is an important tool in investigating glaucoma and optic neuropathies. Recent advances made OCT indispensable tool in everyday practice. Functional extension providing information on retinal and choroidal circulations without the need for dye injection is the OCT angiography. ONH-OCTA and AS-OCTA imaging vasculature are useful for various clinical applications, ranging from diagnosis to treatment with many challenges. Major advances occurred in the intraoperative OCT, from portable probe to the microscope-integrated system and handheld type. Developing technologies are coming as doppler OCT, in-vivo retinal images and polarization-sensitive OCT.
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Sood-Mendiratta, Shalini. « Medical Management for Glaucoma ». Dans Glaucoma. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199757084.003.0015.
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When evaluating patients for glaucoma or ocular hypertension, the question remains whether or not the patient should be treated, and when treatment should be initiated. Treatment decisions are usually guided by risk factor assessment, and these include race, age, family history, medical history, IOP, central corneal thickness, and clinical examination, including optic nerve appearance and ancillary diagnostic testing. The information is compiled in each individual to determine the risk of significant visual loss in the patient’s lifetime. Numerous studies have demonstrated that lowering IOP slows progression of this disease. Most common current medical therapies are therefore ocular hypotensive medications. The armamentarium of medications has expanded over the past two decades in terms of number and classes. Future potential therapies may include those that provide neuroprotection, but the main focus of this chapter will be on medications most frequently used to treat glaucoma. The goal of therapy is to slow progression of disease with the fewest side effects and medications and the lowest doses and cost of therapy. Consideration of these issues maximizes compliance and effectiveness of therapy in long-term disease control. An effective medication lowers the IOP 20% to 30% from baseline. Figure 10.1 lists the most common classes of medications with mechanism of action and common side effects; sample bottles of medications are also shown. We will discuss each class of medications and offer clinical pearls. • Direct-acting: pilocarpine HCl, pilocarpine gel •Indirect-acting: echothiophate iodide, eserine sulfate ointment, demecarium bromide, isofluorophate •Affect the parasympathetic or cholinergic system through direct- or indirect-acting Agents •In addition to effects on ciliary muscle, parasympathomimetics stimulate muscarinic receptors of the iris sphincter to cause miosis. This may improve outflow facility in eyes with angle-closure glaucomas by relieving pupillary block or by changing the anatomy of the peripheral iris in the angle. •Miosis may cause dimness of vision, contraction of visual fields, and pinhole effect. •Patients may develop brow ache due to ciliary muscle spasm.
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Salim, Sarwat. « Evidence-Based Guidelines in Management of Glaucoma ». Dans Glaucoma. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199757084.003.0014.
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Early detection and treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are important to reduce the burden of blindness and its economic impact on society. This chapter will address the evidence-based guidelines for treating POAG. POAG is defined as an optic neuropathy with associated visual field loss for which elevated IOP is a major risk factor. To date, most of our treatment strategies are directed at reducing IOP, either with medical therapy, laser surgery, or incisional surgery, with medical therapy being the most common initial course of treatment. Three important questions often confront a glaucoma specialist when initiating therapy: Who needs to be treated?, how should a patient be treated, and to what extent? The Ocular Hypertension Study (OHTS) has provided insightful information to guide us in treatment of ocular hypertensives who may present with some risk factors and clinical findings but not others. OHTS demonstrated that reducing IOP by 20% with medical therapy in patients with ocular hypertension reduced the risk of developing glaucoma to 4.4% in the treated group versus 9.5% in the observation group at 5–year follow-up. •This clinical trial not only established the efficacy of lowering IOP with medical therapy but also identified the risk factors for developing glaucoma in these patients. •Older age, higher IOP, larger cup-disc diameter, higher pattern standard deviation, and thin central corneal thickness were determined to be significant risk factors by multivariate analysis. •Although family history and race were not found to be independent risk factors in OHTS, their association with glaucoma has been well established with other large population-based studies, such as the Baltimore Eye Survey. • Of note, a majority of untreated patients (nearly 90%) in the first phase of OHTS did not show any evidence of progression, a finding that emphasized the need to individualize therapy based on assessing risk factors and clinical findings in a given patient.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Angle of treatment of journalistic information"
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Niklander, Stefanie, Fabiana Rodriguez Pastene, Desanka Mestrovic et Humberto Senarega. « Journalistic Treatment of the Tissue Collusion in Chile : Comparative Analysis Between El Mercurio and El Mostrador ». Dans 2019 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti.2019.8760764.
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Lazurik, Valentina, Salah Sawan, Valentin Lazurik et Vladimir Rudychev. « Information system for the selection of optimal modes by two-angle electron beam treatment ». Dans 2021 IEEE 1st International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering MI-STA. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mi-sta52233.2021.9464442.
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Park, Dong-su, Jiajun Xu et Kyoung-Su Park. « Wettability Control of PDMS Surface Coated on the Glass Using Ultrasonic Vibration Treatment ». Dans ASME 2020 29th Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2020-1954.
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Abstract In this study, a method was proposed to change the surface roughness of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, a hydrophobic material coated on circular steel substrates, using ultrasonic vibration with frequency above 20 kHz to control the surface tension of water droplet on the PDMS membrane. Ultrasonic vibration applied from piezo actuator was transmitted through circular steel substrate to PDMS membrane and it made the PDMS (liquid) vibrated. It made surface roughness of PDMS membrane changed. The results of coating the PDMS membrane on the circular steel substrate and measuring the contact angle of the water droplet after applying ultrasonic frequency vibration showed that ultrasonic frequency vibration could affect the surface roughness of the PDMS membrane. In this paper, we compared and discussed the surface roughness effects on various vibration frequencies and amplitudes.
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Han, Jeahyeong, Daniel Joe, Rich I. Masel et Mark A. Shannon. « AFM Verification of CFn Surface Treatment Effect and Its Correlation to Stiction Reduction in Microvalves ». Dans ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49842.
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The purpose of this paper is to show AFM verification of adhesion reduction between valve seat/membrane interfaces by surface coatings from a C4F8/Ar plasma in an ICP DRIE. Our check valves utilize a polyimide (PI, Polyimide 5878G, HD Microsystem) membrane on a Si/SiO2 valve seat. These valves form a seal between a polished Si/SiO2 substrate and a smooth polymer membrane. PI absorbs moisture up to 3.4% wt per volume, and the SiO2 surface also has an affinity to water. The smooth PI membrane touches the SiO2 surface, giving rise to relatively strong van der Waals adhesion. Under humid conditions, hydrogen-bonded stiction can occur at the interface between the PI and SiO2 during the drying step. The C4F8/Ar plasma coating is utilized for the actual device in order to lower the interface adhesion between Si/SiO2 and PI film. The opening pressures of devices with/without CFn film are measured. The valves without non-stiction coating did not open with inlet pressures up to 210 KPa. With a non-stiction coating, the valves showed an initial opening pressure of 32.5±11 KPa. AFM pull-off measurements using nano-sized tips and micro sized tips are performed to quantify the effect of the CFn film-treated surface between solid-solid surface pairs. The original surface pair for the microvalve membrane and seat surface is Si/SiO2 and PI film. The CFn film treatment is possible on one or both sides of the surfaces. AFM pull-off testing has been performed to measure the work of adhesion between four possible surface combinations, including SiO2/PI, CFn/PI, CFn/SiO2, and CFn/CFn. The work of adhesion of the surface pairs is obtained using the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory. Two types of AFM probes were used, a regular nano-sized AFM probe and a one micron particle AFM probe. The work of adhesions obtained for the pairs above are 257.6±37.1, 59.4±29.2, 89.6±18.2, and 41.0±8.2 [mJ/m2] from regular tips, and 159.48±4.0, 41.9±2.0, 65.7±12.2, and 37.4±3.7 [mJ/m2] from the particle tips. The CFn film treatment reduced the adhesion energy up to 84% for the regular AFM tip results, and up to 76.7% from the particle AFM tip results. The static contact angle of CFn film with respect to de-ionized water is 116.4 ± 0.9°. The surface coatings from a C4F8/Ar plasma in an ICP DRIE can reduce the contact adhesion forces and capillary forces during the fabrication process preventing stiction.
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Ginsburg, Arthur P., Eleanor E. Faye et William E. Sponsel. « Reversibility of contrast sensitivity changes in treated open-angle glaucoma ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.wy2.
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Visual field reversibility, not uncommon in treated chronic glaucoma, is well-documented in individuals and groups. Contrast sensitivity is proving to be valuable for diagnosing and treating glaucoma suspects and patients. Presented here are cases of substantial contrast sensitivity reversals, measured with the Vistech Consultants Vision Contrast Test System (VCTS), in patients receiving topical drug therapy and, in one case, trabeculotomy. The phenomenon of predominately midfrequency contrast sensitivity losses in glaucoma patients is evident. These patients exhibit significant posttherapeutic changes in their contrast sensitivity curves. Contrast sensitivity deficits appear to be reversible and may even be anticipated in response to treatment. Possible visual mechanisms behind the contrast sensitivity changes are discussed. Furthermore, the inherent lack of midfrequency sensitivity of low-contrast optotypes suggests caution in their use to evaluate contrast sensitivity losses and therapeutic changes in glaucoma patients. The contrast sensitivity reversals, which may or may not be accompanied by visual field reversals, can occur in both those patients treated with drugs and those who undergo surgery. It is apparent that changes in contrast sensitivity and visual fields can provide useful clinical information to evaluate glaucoma patients and their responses to therapy.
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Gao, Jianlong, Jiheng Zhao, Xinmiao Chen, Wei Xue et Liping Liu. « Boiling Water Treatment for Wettability Improvement of Aluminum Fin Surfaces ». Dans ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62697.
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This work reports the effectiveness of a simple and rapid method for wettability improvement on aluminum surfaces – boiling water treatment. The wetting behavior and drainage performance on a series of aluminum surface samples after different lengths of boiling water treatment (3 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes) are examined. The data of contact angles for different sizes of droplets placed on these samples are reported with detailed surface roughness information from a 3D optical surface profiler. The contact angles are observed to decrease from the original value of 94.5° to approximately 10° after 10 minutes of treatment, and the reduction is correlated with the treatment length. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and 3D optical profiler images suggest that the boiling water treatment facilitates oxidation of the sample surface and greatly alters the micro-structures on the surface, which are believed to be the two main reasons to change the droplet wetting behavior. The contact angle measurements are conducted again two days after the treatment and the hydrophilicity is retained.
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Manakhov, Anton, Iaroslav Rybkin, Fahd I. AlGhunaimi et Norah W. Aljuryyed. « Nanomembranes from Polymeric Waste for Produced Water Treatment ». Dans Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213946-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope In the oil&gas sector, the produced water is the most significant waste stream. Among different possible materials including ceramic, polymers, carbon nanomaterials used for water filtration, polymeric nanofibers can be considered unique solution that can be used as a membrane and/or adsorbent. In this work we prepared polymeric nanofibers from polystyrene-waste to show a win-win approach to re-use polymer waste and clean produced water from organic contaminations. Methods, Procedures, Process The polystyrene waste dissolved in the dimethylformamide (DMFA) was used as a feedstock for the preparation of nanofibrous membranes by using the electrospinning process. Electrospinning is one of the simplest methods for the preparation of nanofibers with diameters ranging from micrometers down to nanometers. It uses strong electrostatic forces overcoming the surface tension of a polymer solution. We studied the electrospinning of polystyrene solutions with a range of concentrations from 10 to 30 (w/v %) and tested different solvents, including chloroform, acetone, dimethylformamide (DMFA), and ethyl acetate, and their binary mixtures. Results, Observations, Conclusions SEM revealed that the samples prepared with ethyl acetate solutions were thin and with numerous defects. In contrast the layers obtained by electrospinning of polystyrene waste dissolved in the DMFA exhibited homogeneous nanostructure if the voltage and concentration were properly adjusted. The beads-free homogenous nanofibers were synthesized for the solution with the concentrations from 15 to 25 w/v % at the voltage 20𠄻28 kV. The artefacts were suppressed by increasing the polystyrene concentration and electrospinning voltage. The wettability of the obtained nanofibers was evaluated by water contact angle (WCA) measurements. All samples were superhydrophobic with the WCA values from 115 to 145°. The obtained nanomembranes exhibited high efficiency for separation of water/hydrocarbon mixtures. Novel/Additive Information The utilization of dissolved polystyrene waste for the preparation of nanomembranes for separation of hydrocarbon pollutants from the wastewater streams potentially can be green win-win approach allowing to clean water and utilize abundant expanded polystyrene waste.
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Ethier, C. Ross, Annegret Dahlmann, Sauparnika Vijay, Peng T. Khaw et Michaël J. A. Girard. « Characterization of Fiber Organization in Rat Corneo-Scleral Shells Using Small Angle Light Scattering ». Dans ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19363.
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Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness worldwide. It is associated with structural damage and a progressive loss of nerve cells — which transmit visual information from the retina to the brain — within the optic nerve head (ONH) at the posterior eye. Glaucoma was once thought to occur only in eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and, to date, lowering IOP is the only clinical treatment proven to be beneficial for slowing its progression. However, the success rate of such therapy is only about 50% and multiple lines of evidence now indicate that IOP is not the only important risk factor in the disease since glaucoma can develop at either normal or elevated IOP without distinct etiology.
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Tanaka, Eiichirou, Yuta Kojima, Hiroki Yoshimi, Kazunari Okabe, Hitoshi Takebe, Satoshi Wada, Kazuteru Nagamura, Kiyotaka Ikejo et Ryozo Nemoto. « Development of a Diagnosis Method of a Gear Tooth Surface by Predicting Laser Beam Reflection ». Dans ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12993.
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We developed a new diagnostic method by using a laser beam. This method is as follows: A tooth surface is irradiated by the zonal laser beam from an oblique direction, and then the irradiated laser beam line is shifted along the surface of the tooth according to gear rotation. If the damage on the irradiated tooth surface exists, the voltage proportional to laser reflection increases. We developed the method to predict and make the reflection benchmark on the normal condition according to the gear surface. To make the benchmark of the diagnosis, the three dimensional basic-data map (x: irradiated angle, y: irradiated distance, z: reflection intensity) was created by measuring the gear only whose material, heat treatment, and roughness were same as the targeted gear. By using the equations of tooth profile and fillet curves calculated from the specifications of the targeted gear, the distance and angle relations between the laser sensor and the tooth surface can be derived. By using the three dimensional basic-data map, the benchmark can be created. The measured reflection data of the non-damage gear agreed well with the benchmark, therefore we can diagnose the various specification gears, if the targeted gear’s material, heat treatment, and roughness are same. Finally, by using the benchmark which was made by our developed method, we proposed a novel diagnosis method. The procedure of the method is as follows: 1) The benchmark is made from the targeted gear’s specifications. 2) To take into account the fluctuation of the benchmark line influenced by the roughness on the gear surface, normal condition area of the reflected data is defined in the range between −0.05 V and +0.05 V of the benchmark line. 3) The normal condition area and measured data is compared, if the measured data is deviated from the normal condition area, there is defined as the abnormal area possible to be damaged. To confirm the validity of this diagnosis method, the measured value of the damage area with caliper directly and calculated value from the method as mentioned above. The errors of the area and the location were within 20 %. Therefore, the effectiveness of the method using the benchmark data can be confirmed.
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Fukunaga, Keigo, Syunji Inoue, Masataka Yonekura et Isao Sakuragi. « Direct Dry Hobbing of High Hardened Material : RGC (Round Bar Gear Cutting) Method ». Dans ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48070.
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Almost all customers require gear motor manufacturers to develop low noise, low vibration and low cost gear motors. Low noise and low vibration gear motors can be accomplished only by using high precision gears. The traditional method of manufacturing high precision gears for general industries is to grind the teeth after gear cutting. However, recently, there is now a strong demand to increase productivity and reduce manufacturing cost by using only a hobbing machine. To content these requirements, it is believed that direct dry hobbing after gear material heat treatment is the best manufacturing method. First, 0.45% carbon steel of round gear material was hardened to HRC53-56 by high frequency induction heat treatment till the specified depth. Next, the high hardened material was directly hobbed by special carbide hob installed on a highly rigid CNC (Computer Numerical Control) hobbing machine without using cutting oils. In the other words, the authors have developed Direct Dry Hobbing of High hardened Material, called the RGC (Round bar Gear Cutting) Method. The gears applying the RGC Method were module 0.8 to 1.25 and of helix angle 25°. The gear profile accuracy was JIS Grade 1–2, which is comparable to AGMA Grade 11–12. Gear motors incorporating gears manufactured by the RGC Method have been launched into the market and are now receiving remarkable customers satisfaction as low noise and low vibration gear motors.