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1
Taddese, Zerihun. « Anthropometric status of Oromo women of childbearing age in rural southwestern Ethiopia ». Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69736.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A community based, cross-sectional survey was undertaken of the anthropometric status of Oromo, non-pregnant women of child bearing age in Kersa subdistrict, southwest Ethiopia. The main purposes of this investigation were to determine normative anthropometric standards and to identify their important determinants. A structured questionnaire was administered by interviewers and anthropometric measurements were completed on 473 non-pregnant women randomly selected and stratified by 5 year age categories from 8 peasant associations. Women in this study sample were light with a mean (SD) weight of 46.9 (5.3) kg. Approximately three quarters weighed less than 50 kg and 34 (7%) less than 40 kg. Women's height averaged 155.5 cm with nearly 20% under 150 cm. The mean (SD) BMI was 19.4 (1.9) kg/m$ sp2$ and 35% of the women had a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m$ sp2$. Means for all anthropometric measurements fell below the 10th percentile of the standard, NCHS reference for black women. No consistent predictor was found across the various anthropometric outcomes. In particular, all anthropometric outcomes were stable across age categories. The relationship between these anthropometric measures and adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes need to be validated.
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Pinto, Ana Catarina Moreira. « Association between anthropometric indicators of nutritional status and length of stay in hospitalized patients ». Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7361.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoBackground: Undernutrition is highly prevalent in hospitalized patients worldwide and this condition has been associated with increased hospital length of stay (LOS). The diagnosis of undernutrition includes anthropometric measurements. The aim of this study was to measure the independent association of the anthropometric and derived indicators triceps skinfold thickness (TST), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT), mid-upper arm muscle area (AMA) and mid-upper arm muscle circumference (AMC) with LOS, within a varied group of hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 695 patients were enrolled in a prospective observational study, conducted in a Portuguese university hospital. Participants were dichotomized for the anthropometric and derived indicators TST, MUAC, APMT, AMA and AMC according to the percentiles 5th and 25th described in the literature, except for APMT, for which only the 5th percentile was used. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Patients that presented values lower than the 5th percentile for TST (HR=0.759, 95% CI=0.579;0.995), MUAC (HR=0.822, 95% CI=0.687;0.983), APMT (HR=0.791, 95% CI=0.671;0.933), AMA (HR=0.797, 95% CI=0.660;0.962) and AMC (HR=0.746, 95% CI=0.611;0.911), showed a lower probability of being discharged from the hospital to usual residence over time. For TST (HR 0.798, 95% CI=0.673;0.946), patients whose values were below the 25th percentile also presented a lower probability of being discharged from the hospital to usual residence over time. Conclusion: For all the anthropometric and derived indicators studied, patients that presented values lower than the 5th percentile had a lower probability of being discharged from the hospital to usual residence. For TST, values below the 25th percentile were also associated with lower probability of discharge. Thus, TST was found to be the best anthropometric indicator to predict LOS. This anthropometric indicator can present advantages for the diagnosis of undernutrition since it may allow an earlier detection of a poor nutritional status.
Introdução: A desnutrição apresenta elevada prevalência em doentes hospitalizados e esta condição tem vindo a ser associada com maior tempo de internamento (TI). O diagnóstico da desnutrição inclui indicadores antropométricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a associação independente entre os indicadores antropométricos prega cutânea tricipital (PCT), perímetro do meio braço (PB), espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (AP), área muscular do braço (AMB) e perímetro muscular do braço (PMB) e o TI em doentes hospitalizados. Métodos: 695 indivíduos participaram num estudo observacional realizado num hospital universitário Português. Os participantes foram dicotomizados para cada indicador antropométrico PCT, PB, AP, AMB e PMB de acordo com os percentis 5 e 25 descritos na literatura, exceto para o AP, para o qual apenas o percentil 5 foi utilizado. Utilizaram--se modelos de regressão de Cox para calcular os hazard ratios (HR) e os intervalos de confiança a 95% (IC 95%) correspondentes. Resultados: Os participantes que apresentaram valores abaixo do percentil 5 para PCT (HR=0,759; IC 95%=0,579;0,995), PB (HR=0,822; IC 95%=0,687;0,983), AP (HR=0,791; IC 95%=0,671;0,933), AMB (HR=0,797; IC 95%=0,660;0,962) e PMB (HR=0,746; IC 95%=0,611;0,911), revelaram uma menor probabilidade de alta para o domicílio. Para a PCT (HR=0,798; IC 95%=0,673;0,946), apresentar valores abaixo do percentil 25 também se associou a uma menor probabilidade de alta para o domicílio. Conclusão: Os participantes que apresentaram valores abaixo do percentil 5 para todos os indicadores antropométricos mostraram uma menor probabilidade de alta domiciliar. Para a PCT, o percentil 25 também foi associado com uma menor probabilidade de alta para o domicílio. A PCT foi então o melhor indicador antropométrico capaz de prever o TI hospitalar. Incluir este indicador antropométrico nos métodos de diagnóstico de desnutrição pode ser uma mais valia por poder detetar mais precocemente um pior estado nutricional.
N/A
3
Bannerman, Elaine. « Identification of poor nutritional status in non-institutionalised individuals >75 years old ». Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389375.
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4
Taljaard, Christine. « Iron status, anthropometric status and cognitive performance of black African school children aged 6–11 years in the Klerksdorp area / Taljaard C ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6935.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AIM
Poor iron status and under–nutrition among children are of concern not only in South Africa but worldwide. Both independent and combined associations between poor iron status, under–nutrition and cognitive development and function have been investigated. This mini–dissertation investigated possible associations between iron status indicators, anthropometric nutritional status and cognitive performance in the Beverage Fortified with Micronutrients (BeForMi) study population (black South African children aged 6–11 years in the North–West province of South Africa).
METHODS
The study was cross–sectional and based on the BeForMi study baseline data. Primary school children (n = 414) with the highest serum transferrin receptor (STR) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) levels were included. Anthropometric z–scores - BMI–for–age (BAZ), height–for–age (HAZ), and weight–for–age (WAZ) - and iron status indicators - haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), STR and ZnPP - were determined. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second edition (KABC–II) was used to generate cognitive scores.
RESULTS
Fourteen percent of children were underweight (WAZ <= 2 SDs), 12.8% stunted (HAZ <= 2 SDs) and 8.4% wasted (BAZ <= 2 SDs). Of the children, 7.1% were anaemic (Hb < 11.5 g/dL), 13% iron depleted (Hb < 11.5 g/dL and SF < 12 ug/L) and 2.7% had iron deficiency anaemia (Hb < 11.5 g/dL and SF < 12 ug/L). Low iron stores (SF < 12 ug/L) were observed in 15.7% of the children. Positive correlations were found between SF and WAZ (r = 0.1, p = 0.047), Hb and HAZ (r = 0.13, p = 0.007) and WAZ (r = 0.13, p = 0.009). Positive correlations with small effect sizes were observed between some cognitive scores and z–scores (p < 0.05, r–value range 0.10 – 0.24). Negative correlations with small effect sizes were observed for the subtests Triangles and Rover (both subtests on simultaneous processing) with Hb (p = 0.008, r = –0.13) and SF (p = 0.04, r = –0.1) respectively. Higher HAZ, WAZ and education level of the head of household were all significantly associated with the likelihood that a child would fall within the upper quartile of Hb values in our study group (p = 0.036, p = 0.032 and p = 0.036 respectively).
CONCLUSION
The results suggested that under–nutrition was positively associated with poor iron status and lower cognitive scores in this study population. Further research, investigating specific effects of poor iron status at different stages of growth and the relationship with cognitive function later in life may help explain the negative correlations observed between current iron status indicators and cognitive scores.Thesis (M.Sc (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
5
Pradeilles, Rebecca. « Neighbourhood and household socio-economic influences on diet and anthropometric status in urban South African adolescents ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19602.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background and Aims Many low- and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological and health transitions. South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa. This research examined neighbourhood and household socio-economic influences on the risk of overweight and obesity in terms of anthropometric status and dietary intake among urban South African adolescents. A further aim was to conduct a qualitative study on the potential for religious groups such as Churches to be used as community-based organisations for obesity intervention. Methods A secondary analysis of neighbourhood and household socio-economic status (SES), anthropometric and dietary data was carried out on adolescents aged 17-19 years from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort study in Johannesburg-Soweto. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups discussions and a community readiness survey with church leaders. Results No significant associations were observed between SES (household and neighbourhood) and energy, protein, fat, or carbohydrate intakes in males. Some significant associations were found between SES and dietary intake in females. Females had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than males (26.2% vs. 8.2%, p<0.0001). In males, poor household SES was associated with lower odds of overweight, fatness and high waist-to-height ratio (WHTR). For females, household SES was not significantly associated with overweight, fatness and high WHTR. The qualitative research showed that there was a very low level of community readiness among church leaders for obesity prevention programmes. Conclusions The dietary results suggest that the diet of these adolescents is transitioning to that seen in high income countries. It also highlights that even within the same relatively small urban area, nutrition transition does not affect different groups in uniform ways. The qualitative results indicate that programmes should focus around raising awareness of the problem of overweight/obesity in this community.
6
Nyakeriga, Alice. « Relation of nutritional status, immunity, hemoglobinopathy and falciparum malaria infection ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut för experimentell biologi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-369.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The interaction between nutritional status and malaria disease is complex and often controversial. Nutritional deficiencies (macro- or micro-nutrient) are thought to lead to malnutrition with subsequent susceptibility to malaria infection. On the other hand severe malaria or repeated malaria infections lead to malnutrition. While the cause and effect are difficult to attribute, micronutrient deficiencies such as iron deficiency and malaria infection often co-exist and show complex interactions leading to mutually reinforced detrimental clinical effects. That iron deficiency has adverse effects on human health is widely recognized. Iron plays a crucial role in processes of growth and cell division and in the transport of oxygen throughout the body. It is also important for the proliferation of cells of the immune system as well as for microorganisms including the malaria parasite. Iron deficiency results in a decrease in hemoglobin concentrations and subsequent anemia. However, the etiology of anemia is multi-factorial and may be affected, in addition, by several factors including malaria and host factors, especially hemoglobinopathies such as alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell trait. These hemoglobinopathies are also common in malaria endemic areas. In this thesis, we have investigated the relationship between nutritional status, immunity, hemoglobinopathies and falciparum malaria in a cohort of children less than 8 years old living on the coast of Kenya. We have found that malaria was associated with malnutrition in an age-dependent fashion. Malaria was associated with subsequent underweight or stunting in children under the age of 2 years, but this effect was not there in older children. Also, we observed that iron deficiency was associated with protection of children against clinical malaria. Children who were iron deficient had a lower incidence of malaria episodes as compared to those who were iron replete. While studies on the effects of single micronutrient deficiencies on components of the immune system are difficult to design and interpret, there is ample evidence that micronutrient deficiencies, in general, affect all components of immunity. In line with this, we found that nutritional iron status was associated with certain malaria-specific immunoglobulins and interleukin-4 mRNA levels. Iron deficient children had lower levels of malaria-specific IgG2 and IgG4 but higher expression levels of IL-4 mRNA as compared to the iron replete children. Finally, we observed a tendency towards a higher prevalence of iron deficiency in children carrying either alpha-thalassemia or sickle cell trait.
7
Hamilton, Theresa. « Diet and anthropometric status of four to six year old children in low income communities in Ontario ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31834.pdf.
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Aderibigbe, Olaide Ruth. « Associations between indices of iron status, anthropometric and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk / Olaide R. Aderibigbe ». Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5546.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: In South Africa, as in many other developing countries, iron deficiency (the
most common micronutrient deficiency) still remains unresolved; while obesity has
emerged as a public health challenge causing increases in the incidence and prevalence of
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Research has shown that certain iron indices are
associated with both anthropometric and biological markers of CVDs. Adiposity is
thought to modulate the pathway linking iron status to CVDs.
Objective: To examine the associations between iron indices, anthropometric and
biological markers of CVDs in an African population undergoing transition.
Methods: This thesis was based on secondary analysis of data generated during the
Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA) study; and
primary and secondary analysis of the baseline Prospective Urban and Rural
Epidemiological (PURE) study. Both studies were cross–sectional in design and were
conducted between 1996–1998 and in 2005 respectively in the North West Province of
South Africa. The 1854 men and women participants in the THUSA study (>15years)
and 1262 women participants in the PURE study (>35years) were included in the
analysis. The relationship between iron and anthropometric indicators of CVD risk was
examined in the THUSA study while that of iron status, anthropometric and biological
markers of CVD risk was examined in the PURE study.
Results: In the THUSA study, ferritin was positively associated with body mass index
(BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat and subscapular
skinfold (r=0.141, 0.359, 0.396, 0.308, 0.141 respectively for men and 0.126, 0.232,
0.319, 0.126, 0.105 respectively for women; p<0.01). Only the women showed decreased
serum iron concentration with increasing BMI (p<0.05). WC and WHR increased with
increasing serum ferritin concentration for both genders (p<0.05). As for the PURE
study, associations between iron status parameters and CVD risk factors were generally
weak (r<0.3, p<0.01) and were not retained after adjusting for valid confounders. WC
and WHR increased with increasing ferritin concentration (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Although these results do not indicate any significant association between
iron indices and biological markers of CVD, its association with anthropometric indices
gives an indication of the possible contribution of iron in the aetiology of CVDs. Thus, it may be necessary to exercise caution on the emphasis placed on iron as a nutrient and
iron intervention programmes because of the suggestive role of iron in CVD
development.Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Nel, Jana. « Factors contributing to the adequate vitamin A status and poor anthropometric status of 24-59-month-old children from an impoverished Northern Cape community ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80297.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: To examine the factors that may influence the vitamin A and anthropometric status of 24-59-month-old children from an impoverished community with a very high prevalence of stunting, but virtually no vitamin A deficiency. Design: Cross sectional, descriptive study with analytical components. Setting: Calvinia West, Northern Cape Province, South Africa Subjects: Biological mothers (n=150) and their children aged 24-59 months (n=150) living in Calvinia West from 6 months of age or younger. Methods: A general interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic information, a 24-hour recall and an adjusted food frequency questionnaire, focussing on liver intake, were used in the data collection process. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were also performed. Results: Results showed that liver consumption alone contributed to more than 100% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A of the pre-school children in this community. Liver was eaten by 84.7% (n=127) of the children and 68% (n=102) of them ate liver at least once per month. The average portion size of the children who consumed liver was 66g at a time. The national food fortification programme contributed to a further 80 μg Retinol Equivalents (RE) and the national supplementation programme 122μg RE of vitamin A per day. There was a significant (p=0.028) inverse association between the amount of liver intake and household income. Liver intake was also significantly (p=0.016) higher in the children whose mothers were unskilled as opposed to those with skilled mothers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards 36.9% (n=55) of the children were stunted (low height for age), 25.5% (n=38) were underweight for age and 12.1% (n=18) were wasted (low weight for height). The mean birth weight of the children (n=141) was 2826g (SD=592). Of these children, 27.7% (n=39) had a low birth weight (<2500g). There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.250; p=0.003) between the birth weight of the child and the child's current height for age. The height of the mother, as well as several indicators of socio-economic status, also correlated significantly with the height for age of the child. Conclusion: In this impoverished community the anthropometric status of the children was poor, but vitamin A deficiency was largely addressed through the regular intake of liver. Poor anthropometric status is therefore not always an indicator of micronutrient deficiencies and blanket supplementation approaches are not necessarily the solution in a country with diverse cultures and eating habits. Apart from the immediate risks and consequences of underweight, stunting and wasting in a community, stunting may also lead to overweight and obesity in the long term. This may result in diseases of lifestyle in later life, adding a further burden to an already weakened community. Appropriate evidence-based interventions aimed at the first thousand days of life should be a priority in this community.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel: Om die faktore wat kan bydrae tot die vitamien A en die antropometriese status van kinders 24-59-maande in 'n arm gemeenskap met 'n baie hoë voorkoms van dwerggroei, maar byna geen vitamien A gebrek, te ondersoek. Ontwerp: Beskrywende, deursnit studie met analitiese komponente Omgewing: Calvinia Wes, Nood Kaap provinsie, Suid-Afrika Deelnemers: Biologiese moeders (n=150) en hul kinders in die ouderdomsgroep, 24-59-maande (n=150) woonagtig in Calvinia Wes sedert 6 maande van ouderdom of jonger. Metodes: 'n Vraelys bestaande uit sosio-demografiese inligting, 'n 24-uur herroep en 'n aangepaste voedsel frekwensie vraelys gefokus op die inname van lewer, was gebruik om data in te samel en voltooi deur die onderhoudvoerder. Antropometriese metings (gewig en lengte) was ook geneem. Resultate: Resultate het getoon dat lewer inname bygedra het tot meer as 100% van die geskatte gemiddelde behoefte van vitamien A vir die voorskoolse kind in hierdie gemeenskap. Lewer was deur 84.7% (n=127) van die kinders ingeneem en 68% (n=102) het dit ten minste een keer per maand geëet. Die gemiddelde porsie grootte van die kinders wat lewer ingeneem het, was 66g op 'n keer. Die nasionale voedsel fortifisering program het 'n verdere 80 μg Retinol Ekwivalente (RE) en die nasionale supplementasie program 122μg RE vitamin A per dag bygedra. Daar was 'n betekenisvolle (p=0.028) omgekeerde korrelasie tussen die die hoeveelheid lewer wat deur die kinders ingeneem is en die huishoudelike inkomste. Lewer inname was ook betekenisvol (p=0.016) meer in kinders wie se moeders ongeskool was teenoor die met geskoolde moeders. Volgens die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie se groeistandaarde het 36.9% (n=55) van die kinders dwerggroei getoon (te kort vir hul ouderdom), 25.5% (n=38) was ondergewig vir hul ouderdom en 12.1% (n=18) uitgeteer (ondergewig vir hul lengte). Die gemiddelde geboortegewig van die kinders (n=141) was 2826g (SA=592). Van hierdie kinders het 27.7% (n=39) 'n lae geboortegewig (<2500g) gehad. Daar was 'n betekenisvolle positiewe korrelasie (r=0.250; p=0.003) tussen die geboortegewig van die kind en die huidige lengte vir ouderdom. Die lengte van die moeder, sowel as ander sosio-ekonomiese status aanwysers het ook betekenisvol gekorreleer met die lengte vir ouderdom van die kind. Samevatting: In hierdie arm gemeenskap was die antropometriese status van die kinders swak, maar vitamien A gebrek was grootliks aangespreek deur die gereelde inname van lewer. 'n Swak antropometriese status is dus nie altyd 'n aanduiding van mikronutriënt tekorte nie en 'n oorkoepelende aanslag van supplementasie is nie noodwendig 'n oplossing in 'n land met diverse kultuur en eetgewoontes nie. Behalwe vir die onmiddelike gevare van ondergewig, dwerggroei en uittering in 'n gemeenskap, het kinders met dwerggroei 'n groter risiko om oorgewig en vetsugtig te word in die langtermyn. Dit kan lewensstyl siektes veroorsaak in latere lewe en 'n verdere las op 'n reeds verswakte gemeenskap plaas. Toepaslike intervensies, gemik op die eerste duisend dae van lewe, behoort 'n prioriteit te wees in hierdie gemeenskap.
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McIsaac, J. Barry. « Social and cultural factors affecting the dietary intakes and anthropometric status of single male government-sponsored Ethiopian refugees ». Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55666.
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Medeiros, Gabriela Bezerra de. « Pobreza antropométrica no Brasil ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4981.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-14Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This paper analyzes the nutritional status of Brazilian children under five years old. First, the anthropometric poverty indicators are constructed and tested whether the changes between 1996 and 2006 were statistically significant. The data used are from the National Research of Demographics and Health (NRDH). For the period under review, there are significant reductions in poverty anthropometric and, in particular, indicators of chronic malnutrition. Multilevel and linear regression models and linear are estimated to analyze the determinants of nutritional status of children. The results show that: i) mother's education positively affects the nutritional status of children with a greater impact in the short term; ii) per capita household income has a positive and significant only for children over 24 months; iii) there´s a positive impact of the mother s height on the weight-for-age and height-for-age indicators; iv) children living in the North tend to have lower nutritional status; v) the realization of prenatal has the positive effect on indicators of nutrition for children under 24 months.
Este trabalho analisa o status nutricional das crianças brasileiras menores de cinco anos de idade. Primeiro, são construídos indicadores de pobreza antropométrica e testado se as mudanças ocorridas entre os anos de 1996 e 2006 foram estatisticamente significativas. Os dados utilizados são da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde (PNDS). Para o período em análise, constatam-se significativas reduções na pobreza antropométrica e, em especial, nos indicadores de desnutrição crônica. Para analisar os determinantes do status nutricional das crianças, estimam-se modelos de regressão multinível e linear. Os resultados encontrados mostram que: i) a educação da mãe afeta positivamente o status nutricional das crianças, sendo este impacto maior no curto prazo; ii) a renda domiciliar per capita tem um efeito positivo e significativo somente para as crianças com mais de 24 meses; iii) a altura da mãe afeta positivamente o status nutricional das crianças com um maior impacto no curto prazo; iv) as crianças que vivem na região Norte tendem a apresentar um status nutricional inferior ao das crianças de outras localidades do país; e v) a realização de pré-natal tem efeito positivo sobre os indicadores de nutrição para as crianças com menos de 24 meses.
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Henderson, Susan Ahlstrom. « Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, and Food Practices of Women of Childbearing Age and Their Preschool Children in Northeast Brazil ». DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5354.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.
Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 percent of the children were at or below the tenth percentile for height and weight, respectively, when compared to Brazilian standard tables, and 30 percent were below the tenth percentile of weight for height. When compared to NCHS standard tables, 34 percent were below the tenth percentile for weight/height. Nutrition knowledge was very limited, but opportunities for nutrition education are great as mothers wanted more nutrition and feeding information. Squash, carrots and mangoes were more common sources of vitamin A than were animal sources.
Multiple regression models indicated statistical significance among mothers' serum retinol, survey site, and mothers' weight/height percentile and among mothers' vitamin A intake, survey site, and mothers' ages. The data indicate that vitamin A nutrition status is suboptimal in Northeast Brazil, but appropriate food sources exist. Long-term intervention projects need to focus on increasing the production, distribution, and consumption of preformed vitamin A- and carotene-rich foods.
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Germishuys, Martha Petronella. « The effects of contraceptives on the anti-oxidant status, skin parameters and anthropometric indicators in female students : a pilot study ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2973.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019Introduction: The provision of access to safe and effective contraception is a critical element in the health of women that enables them to make choices about their fertility. This element of control empowers them and indirectly enables them to access better social and economic opportunities. Hormonal contraceptives are a convenient, effective and relatively safe method of fertility control. Extensive research has been done on the effects of hormonal contraceptives on undesirable metabolic and haemostatic changes, but data on the relationship between oxidative stress and oral contraceptives is scarce and remains subject to debate. Aging of the skin due to oestrogen loss at menopause is thought to include atrophy, decreased collagen content, water content, and sebaceous secretions, loss of elasticity, wrinkling, poor wound healing and manifestations of hyperandrogenism. A number of studies have shown that oestrogens serve many important beneficial and protective functions in skin physiology. Despite extensive clinical experience, many metabolic effects of oral contraceptive treatment remain to be explored. The effects of progesterone on body weight and composition are of interest from several standpoints. Since hormonal contraceptives are widely used, it is important to investigate the effect thereof on oxidative status, skin parameters and anthropometric indicators, to enable women make informed choices about the use of contraceptives, or to adapt their lifestyle if necessary. The aim of the present study was therefore, to assess certain effects of contraceptives in a student population at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). Objectives of the study: To determine the differences in skin health, anthropometric \parameters and oxidative stress status in female university students using various hormonal contraceptives versus non-contraceptive users. Research design: The study adopted a quantitative approach to examine a crosssectional research sample in order to provide a snapshot of the population at a particular time. Concenting participants were selected through the use of questionnaires aimed at ascertaining the type of contraceptive used as well as general health and lifestyle patterns. Blood samples were collected and the antioxidant status was determined. Body composition and skin analysis was conducted on each of the participants in the selected groups and the results were compared to determine the differences between contraceptive and non-contraceptive users. Results: With regards to oxidative stress status, the results indicated a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities within the triphasic contraceptive group compared to the monophasic contraceptive group, suggesting higher levels of oxidative stress in monophasic contraceptive groups. There was also an increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) for the triphasic contraceptive group when compared to the control, monophasic contraceptive and injectable contraceptive groups respectively, indicative of increased oxidative stress levels in the triphasic contraceptive group. In this study, skin parameters evaluation revealed that there was a general increase in the presence of erythema in the monophasic contraceptive group compared to the control; injectable contraceptive; implant contraceptive and triphasic contraceptive groups, symptomatic of higher vascular activity in the monophasic group. Melanocyte activity measured in the forehead, cheek and chin areas were also significantly increased when the monophasic contraceptive group was compared to the control and other contraceptive groups, characterised by the pigmentation pattern of chloasma/melasma known to be caused by hormones. The hydration measurements were significantly increased in the implant contraceptive group compared to the control and monophasic contraceptive groups. Furthermore, a significant increase in hydration was evident in the injectable contraceptive group when compared to the control and monophasic contraceptive groups. Injectable contraceptives and implant contraceptives mainly contain progesterone which has been proven to combat signs of aging and increase collagen and elastin in the skin. With respect to anthropometric measurements, there was a significant increase in the measurement of waist to hip ratio in the implant contraceptive group compared to the control group (non-contraceptive). Progesterone influence on adipose tissue distribution indicated a more significant increase of adipose tissue in the abdominal region. Conclusion: In this study there was some evidence that the type of hormonal contraceptive used does have significant effects on the variables tested in the population sample. These effects are dependent on the composition of the contraceptive and the levels of progesterone and/or oestrogen.
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Durao, Solange. « The anthropometric nutritional status of children 0-18 years old in the Western Cape Province of South Africa : a systematic review ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10385.
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This review will employ systematic methods for study selection and quality assessment, which decrease the probability of bias. The integration of data from individual studies also increases the precision of the results. Thus, the review will aim to produce valid and reliable evidence for health-care decision-making and policy planning aimed at improving the nutritional status of children in the province.
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Hert, Kerrie Ann. « Effect of Nutrition Education with Fruit and Vegetable Supplementation on Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Anthropometric Measurements among Adults of Varying Socioeconomic Status ». Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26813.
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Intake of fruit and vegetable (F/V) is inadequate and obesity is more prevalent among adults of lower socioeconomic status (SES) in the U.S. This study determined the effect of nutrition education (NutrED) and F/V supplementation (F/VSupp) on F/V intake and anthropometrics of individuals of varying SES. Thirty-eight overweight or obese adults were randomly assigned into a control, education, or F/V group. Participants in the education and F/V groups attended weekly NutrED classes for 10 weeks. The F/V group also received one serving of fruit and two servings of vegetable daily. Results showed that NutrED with F/VSupp improved fruit intake significantly. Improvements between the education and F/V groups were not significantly different. Individuals with a graduate degree had significant improvements in fruit intake. Few of the improvements in anthropometrics seen were significant. Future research should focus on specific barriers to F/V intake and include information on total energy intake and expenditure.
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Swart, Elizabeth Catherina. « The effects of internal migration and related factors on nutrient intake and anthropometric status of children aged 1-9 years in South Africa, 1999 ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_4026_1178702967.
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The purpose of this study was to provide a national overview on internal migration of children and to relate these migration patterns to the nutritional status of children. This study specifically investigated the internal migration that took place during the life span of the National Food Consumption Survey study population and relates that to their dietary intake and anthropometric status.
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Soares, Anne Caroline Sampaio. « Análise comparativa dos fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial, níveis tensionais, medidas antropométricas e status socioeconômico de ribeirinhos, Iranduba, Amazonas ». Universidade Federal do Amazonas - Universidade do Estado do Pará, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5314.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: Epidemiological Studies on hypertension are of great importance for the understanding of the conditions que influence the illness of the population. In the last twenty years as riverine comes passing accelerated hum transition process any lifestyle, generating an increase in chronic non-communicable, especially for systemic arterial hypertension. Objective: To analyze the risk factors of hypertension of the riverine communities São Francisco and Novo Renascer, the island of Marchantaria, the city of Iranduba, State of Amazonas. Methodology: Data collection was performed in the period 08 July to 24 September 2015, with 123 bordering two communities of the island of Marchantaria, municipality of Iranduba, Amazonas. Were carried out measurement of weight, height, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, it was checked blood pressure and performed interview for survey socioeconomic riverine level. Data were analyzed for Epi Info Program 7. Results: The results showed that in the communities study the male was majority. There was not significant association between hypertension and income. There was a negative correlation between hypertension and the level of education, both in the general population of male and female, in the divided by ages. In the analysis of marital status, there was no statistical difference for the variable marital status in your correlation with hypertension. Hypertension prevalence was 59.09% for people of the community São Francisco and 40% of the people Community Novo Renascer. In two communities, the values the anthropometric measures and blood pressure measures do not have significant differences between them, although values above the recommended by Brazilian Ministry of Health. Conclusions: The riverine residents in the Island Marchantaria, whether the community of São Francisco or Novo Renascer had equivalent prevalence of borderline blood pressure and hypertension. Risk factors for both communities, with respect to age and sex, is related to the anthropometric measures with overweight and blood pressure measures above the recommended maximums. There was smoking correlated with systemic arterial hypertension, with the highest rate in the elderly of both communities. Finally, we conclude the hypertension is a serious public health problem that afflicts riverine people, which guides the need for implementation of public health policies for health promotion and prevention of hypertension geared to riverine communities.
Introdução: Estudos epidemiológicos sobre a hipertensão arterial sistêmica são de grande importância para o conhecimento das condições que influenciam o adoecimento da população. No último vincênio, as comunidades ribeirinhas vêm passando um acelerado processo de transição no estilo de vida, gerando o aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, com destaque para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial sistêmica de ribeirinhos das comunidades São Francisco e Novo Renascer, da Ilha da Marchantaria, do município de Iranduba, estado do Amazonas. Metodologia: A coleta dos dados foi realizada no período de 08 de julho a 24 de setembro de 2015, com 123 ribeirinhos de duas comunidades da Ilha da Marchantaria, município de Iranduba, Amazonas. Foram realizadas mensuração do peso, altura, circunferência da cintura e da relação cintura-quadril, foi verificada a pressão arterial e realizada entrevista para levantamento do nível socioeconômico dos ribeirinhos. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Epi Info 7. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, nas comunidades em estudo, o sexo masculino foi maioria. Não houve associação significante entre HA e renda. Houve correlação negativa entre HAS e o nível de escolaridade, tanto na população geral de sexo masculino e feminino, quanto na dividida por idades. Na análise da situação conjugal, não houve diferença estatística para a variável situação conjugal em sua correlação com HA. A prevalência de HAS foi de 59.09% para pessoas da Comunidade de São Francisco e 40% para as pessoas da Comunidade Novo Renascer. Nas duas comunidades, os valores do IMC, RCQ e do CP não tiveram diferenças significativas entre elas, apesar do IMC e RCQ apresentarem valores acima dos preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Conclusões: Os ribeirinhos residentes na Ilha da Marchantaria, independentemente de serem da Comunidade de São Francisco ou Novo Renascer apresentaram prevalência equivalente de pressão arterial limítrofe e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Os fatores de risco para as duas comunidades, em relação a idade e sexo, estão relacionados ao índice de IMC com a classificação de sobrepeso e RCQ acima dos valores máximos preconizados. Houve correlação do tabagismo com HAS, com maior índice nas pessoas idosas de ambas comunidades. Por fim, conclui-se a hipertensão arterial sistêmica é um grave problema de saúde pública que aflige pessoas ribeirinhas, o que norteia a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas de saúde de promoção da saúde e prevenção da hipertensão arterial sistêmica voltadas às comunidades ribeirinhas.
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Rugytė, Agnė. « Marijampolės apskrities pirmokų mitybos ypatumų ir fizinio išsivystymo sąsajos bei pokyčiai per penkerius metus ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_232350-61987.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti Marijampolės apskrities pirmokų mitybos ypatumų sąsajas su fiziniu išsivystymu bei pokyčius per penkerius metus.
Tyrimo metodika. 2013 metais Marijampolės apskrityje atliktas tyrimas yra Lietuvos vaikų augimo stebėsenos tyrimo dalis. Jis buvo vykdomas dešimtyje atsitiktinai pasirinktų mokyklų. Tyrimo objektas – pirmokai. Darbe naudoti metodai: pirmokų antropometriniai (ūgio, svorio) matavimai; vaikų tėvų anketinė apklausa (išdalinta 331, sugrąžinta 251 užpildyta anketa, atsako dažnis – 75,8 proc.). Kiekybiniams kintamiesiems skaičiuotas aritmetinis vidurkis, standartinis nuokrypis, procentiliai ir kt. Kokybiniams kintamiesiems – procentai. Ryšys tarp kokybinių požymių analizuotas taikant Pirsono Chi kvadrato (χ2) kriterijų. Skirtumo tarp atvejo dažnio dviejose tiriamųjų grupėse reikšmingumas įvertintas taikant z kriterijų. Tarpusavyje palyginti 2008 ir 2013 metų rezultatai.
Rezultatai. 2013 metais mažiau – beveik du trečdaliai vaikų valgė 4–5 kartus per dieną, mažiau tiriamųjų kasdien namuose pusryčiavo. Abiejų tyrimų metu dažnai jogurto ir kitų pieno produktų vartojo beveik po du trečdalius tiriamųjų. Kasdien šviežių daržovių valgė tik kas devintas pirmokas, vaikai per retai vartojo vaisių. Dauguma pirmokų retai vartojo gaiviųjų gėrimų su cukrumi, picų, bulvyčių „fri“ ir kito „greito“ maisto. 2013 metais sumažėjo kasdieninis natūralios mėsos bei perdirbtų mėsos gaminių vartojimas. Natūralaus sviesto vartojimas išaugo 1,84 karto, tepų riebalų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Aim of the study – to analyze links and alterations between nutrition peculiarities and nutritional status of first-formers of Marijampolė district during a five year period. Methods. An investigation performed in 2013 in Marijampolė district is a part of a research done on the growth observation of Lithuanian children. The investigation has been performed in ten randomly selected schools. The object of research has been first-formers. Methods employed: anthropometric measurements of first-formers (height, weight); a survey of parents of the children (331 surveys given, 251 filled and returned, response rate – 75,8 percent). Quantitative variables have arithmetic average, standard deviation, percentiles, etc. calculated. Qualitative variables have percents set. The links between qualitative attributes has been analyzed by employing the Pearson’s Chi square criteria (χ2). The significance of the different frequency of occasion between two groups of investigative has been assessed by applying the z criteria. The results of 2008 and 2013 have been compared between one another. Results. In 2013 less – nearly two thirds of children ate 4–5 times per day, less of investigative had breakfast at home. Both investigations revealed that almost two thirds of investigative often consumed yogurt and other dairy products. Only every ninth first-former ate vegetables daily, children consumed fruit too little. The majority of first-formers rarely consumed fizzy drinks, pizzas, French fries... [to full text]
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Delagrange, Susan L. « An assessment of the anthropometric status and self-reported nutritional intake and physical activity level of students in fourth, sixth, and eighth grades in Wells County, Indiana ». Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1339143.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional practices, physical activity level, and anthropometric measurements of students in grades 4, 6, and 8 in Wells County, IN. The sample included all students enrolled in these grades in the fall of 2002. Parental consent to complete the School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) survey used to collect food and activity practices and to measure heights and weights was obtained for 670 of the 1,248 students. Individuals were classified into weight groups using the CDC growth charts. Thirty-eight percent of all students were "at risk for overweight" or were "overweight." Students reported spending 3.3 hours of screen time per day. Males consumed more grains and legumes, and participated in more physical activities, than females. Normal weight students consumed more grains and dairy products than overweight students. There were few statistically significant differences by weight classification. Programs that encourage increasing physical activity, decreasing screen time, and making healthier food choices should be emphasized in this community.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Beluci, Marli Luiz. « Pacientes pós-cirúrgicos de enxerto ósseo alveolar : elaboração e aplicação de instrumento de coleta de dados para as áreas de nutrição e enfermagem ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61132/tde-29072010-103037/.
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Objetivos: Associar o estado nutricional antropométrico com a aceitação alimentar dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto ósseo alveolar no período intrahospitalar. Elaborar um Instrumento de Coleta de Dados, interdisciplinar, envolvendo as equipes de nutrição e enfermagem. Modelo: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, observacional, descritivo e comparativo, com abordagem quantitativa em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto ósseo alveolar. Utilizou-se avaliação nutricional antropométrica realizada em dois momentos: um dia antes da cirurgia (M1) e na alta hospitalar (M2). O Instrumento de Coleta de Dados interdisciplinar foi aplicado no período pós-operatório hospitalar. Local: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru. Participantes: 150 pacientes, com idade entre 10 e 20 anos (exclusive), de ambos os gêneros, submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto ósseo alveolar (EOA). Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou-se eutrófica durante todo o estudo, demonstrando a adequação nutricional da dieta, suficiente para manter o estado nutricional, mesmo após serem submetidos a um trauma cirúrgico e à modificação de seu padrão alimentar. Houve boa correlação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e o S da Prega Cutânea Tricipital (PCT) + Prega Cutânea Subescapular (PCSE) nos momentos M1 e M2, o mesmo ocorreu entre IMC e Circunferência Muscular Braquial (CMB) nos momentos do estudo, todos altamente significantes com p<0,0001. Quanto à aceitação alimentar, a mediana de redução dos indicadores IMC, S PCT + PCSE e CMB, de M1 para M2, para os 145 que comeram adequadamente foi de, respectivamente, 0,37, 0,0 e 0,3 e para os 5 com má aceitação da dieta foi 0,71, 3,00 e 0,0. Houve, portanto, significante maior perda de soma de pregas cutâneas para os pacientes com má aceitação em relação aos demais e a diminuição de IMC e CMB foi semelhante nos dois grupos. Conclusões: O Instrumento de coleta de dados interdisciplinar para cirurgias de EOA foi válido para a realização de adequada investigação do perfil nutricional dos pacientes pós-cirúrgicos de EOA e monitoração da aceitação alimentar. Além disto, demonstrou ser elemento agregador ao trabalho interdisciplinar da nutrição com a enfermagem, uma vez associar o estado nutricional antropométrico com a monitoração e aceitação alimentar. O instrumento mostrou, então, ser de natureza estratégica para esta ação.Aim: Relate the nutritional anthropometric status with food acceptance by patients who have undergone alveolar bone grafting during hospital stay. Elaborate an interdisciplinary instrument for data collection, involving nutrition and nursing team. Model: It consists of a prospective, longitudinal, observational, descriptive and comparative study, with quantitative approach. Patients with alveolar bone grafts were included. A nutritional anthropometric evaluation was utilized at two moments: one day before the surgery (M1) and at hospital discharge (M2). The interdisciplinary instrument for data collection was utilized during the patients stay in the hospital. Location: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru. Sample: 150 patients, aged 10 to 20 years (exclusively), both genders, with alveolar bone graft (ABG). Results: Most patients were eutrophic during the study, adapting to the diet which is enough to keep nutritional status even after a surgical trauma or change in the eating pattern. There was correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and a S Triceps skin fold (TSF) + Subscapular skin fold (SSF) at M1 and M2. The same occurred between BMI and Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) during the study. All of them were significant with p<0.0001. Regarding food acceptance, the median of reduction indicator for BMI, S TSF + SSF and MUAC, from M1 to M2, for the 145 who ate appropriately was respectively 0.37, 0,0 and 0.3 and 0.71, 3,.0 e 0.0 for the five ones who have not accepted the diet . Therefore, patients who have not done the diet appropriately showed increased loss of skin fold compared to the others. BMI and MUAC showed similar decrease in both groups. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary instrument for data collection to ABG surgeries was useful to perform appropriate investigation on the Nutritional Profile of postsurgical patients of ABG and supervision of food acceptance. In addition, it became an aggregating element to the interdisciplinary work of nutrition and nursing since it associates the nutritional anthropometric status with supervision and food acceptance. Thus, the instrument was strategic for this action.
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Tausend, Johannes Verfasser], et Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kremsner. « Prevalence of parasitic co-infections and their association with the Hb-level and the anthropometric status in children aged 1-5 years in Lambaréné, Gabon / Johannes Tausend ; Betreuer : Peter G. Kremsner ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199929603/34.
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Tausend, Johannes [Verfasser], et Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Kremsner. « Prevalence of parasitic co-infections and their association with the Hb-level and the anthropometric status in children aged 1-5 years in Lambaréné, Gabon / Johannes Tausend ; Betreuer : Peter G. Kremsner ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199929603/34.
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Araújo, Andréa da Silva. « Perfil nutricional de pacientes adultos com anemia falciforme ». Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde (PGNUT), 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9543.
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Trata-se de um estudo comparativo, não pareado, com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de déficit antropométrico e de inadequação da ingestão energéticoproteica em indivíduos adultos, de ambos os sexos, com anemia falciforme comparando-os com indivíduos sem hemoglobinopatias. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi utilizado para avaliar o estado antropométrico e a composição corpórea foi obtida pelo percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) e da área muscular do braço corrigida (AMBc). A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada pela média de dois recordatórios de 24 horas. Para análise do risco de inadequação da ingestão de energia e de proteína foi utilizada a abordagem proposta pelo Institute of Medicine of the United States. A avaliação da ingestão de macronutrientes foi realizada por meio do Intervalo Aceitável de Distribuição de Macronutrientes (AMDR) para ambos os sexos. Proporções foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado ou teste de Fischer. A existência de associação entre anemia falciforme e o estado antropométrico foi avaliada pela odds ratio. Para a comparação de médias entre os grupos referentes ao consumo alimentar e os indicadores antropométricos utilizou-se o teste T de student. Nos testes mencionados foi considerado estatisticamente significante um p-valor inferior a 5%. A inadequação de energia e nutrientes foi obtida pelo percentual de indivíduos que não conseguiram alcançar a recomendação média destes. Foram avaliados 60 indivíduos, sendo 33 com anemia falciforme e 27 sem esta doença. Os indivíduos com anemia falciforme apresentaram significantemente maior prevalência de magreza segundo IMC (30,3% vs 7,4%; p=0,049; OR = 5,4), desnutrição pela AMBc (78,8% vs 25,9%; p<0,001; OR= 10,6), bem como menor percentual de gordura corpórea (39,4% vs 11,1%; p=0,019; OR=5,2). Ambos os grupos apresentaram elevada prevalência de inadequação de energia, entretanto, valores de inadequação de proteína foram expressivamente menores. Concluiu-se que os portadores de anemia falciforme apresentaram os maiores déficits antropométricos quando comparados aos indivíduos sem esta doença. Ocorreu uma elevada prevalência de inadequação de ingestão alimentar de energia que influenciou negativamente o estado antropométrico da população em estudo, especialmente daqueles indivíduos que tinham anemia falciforme.
Salvador
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Matos, Sheila Maria Alvim de. « Prevalência de enteroparasitoses e sua relação com o estado antropométrico na infância, Salvador-BA ». Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10879.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência que a infecção por parasitas intestinais exerce sobre o estado antropométrico na infância, na cidade de Salvador-BA, foi desenvolvido um estudo seccional em uma amostra probabilística de 629 crianças entre 12 e 48 meses. Aplicou-se a técnica de regressão logística multivariada, tendo como variáveis dependentes os indicadores antropométricos peso por idade (P/I) e altura/comprimento por idade (A/I). A presença ou ausência de diferentes parasitas nas fezes (A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, G. duodenalis), constituiu-se na variável independente. O parasita mais freqüente foi A. lumbricoides (23,1%), seguido de T. trichiura (16,5%) e G. duodenalis (13,5%). Entre as crianças infectadas a média de z-scores dos indicadores antropométricos foi menor do que a observada entre as crianças não infectadas. Dentre as infecções estudadas, apenas a giardíase esteve significativamente associada ao déficit de crescimento linear, incluindo quando a freqüência da coleta pública de lixo era inadequada (modificador de efeito). Observam-se associações com o déficit antropométrico, segundo o indicador P/I, na presença da giardíase quando a criança não era amamentada por mais de seis meses (OR=2,92; IC95%=1,62-5,24) e quando residia em domicílio cuja pavimentação da rua/calçada era inadequada (OR=3,04; IC95%=1,53-6,07), após ajuste por confundidores. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que, em crianças com giardíase, a amamentação durante o período recomendado pela OMS constituiu-se em um fator de proteção para o estado antropométrico e que o efeito negativo das condições ambientais indesejadas referentes ao lixo urbano e à pavimentação sobre o estado antropométrico pode ser devido à provável mais elevada carga parasitária existente nas crianças infectadas por este protozoário, vivendo neste contexto insalubre.
Salvador
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Tyree, Daniel J. « Environmental Change and the Physical Growth Status of Somali Children Born in the United States ». The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276756377.
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Duffield, Arabella Elizabeth. « Anthropometry, morbidity and mortality in rural Sarawak ». Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312968.
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Goon, DT, AL Toriola, BS Shaw, LO Amusa, MA Monyeki, O. Akinyemi et OA Alabi. « Anthropometrically determined nutritional status of urban primary schoolchildren in Makurdi, Nigeria ». BMC Public Health, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000428.
Texte intégralRésumé :
No information exists on the nutritional status of primary school children residing in Makurdi, Nigeria.It is envisaged that the data could serve as baseline data for future studies, as well as inform public health policy.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among urban school children in Makurdi,Nigeria.
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Tchanga, Jean-Pierre. « Evaluation du statut nutritionnel en periode neonatale ». Amiens, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AMIEM009.
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Haste, Frances M. « The effects of smoking on the nutritional status of women in pregnancy ». Thesis, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296844.
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Ramos, Liliana Figueiredo Andrade de Oliveira. « "Dispêndio energético, perfil antropométrico, idade e condições socioeconômicas de mulheres na faixa etária de 40 a 64 anos, cadastradas no programa de saúde da família, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto" ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-11102006-145600/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
OBJETIVO: Esse estudo teve como objetivo verificar as associações entre dispêndio energético (Kcal), perfil antropométrico (índice de massa corporal (IMC) e relação cintura/quadril (RCQ)), idade e condição socioeconômica (grau de escolaridade e renda per capita) de mulheres, na faixa etária de 40 a 64 anos, cadastradas no Programa de Saúde da Família. METODOLOGIA: A amostra contituiu-se de 147 mulheres, que responderam a um inquérito domiciliar, com intuito de avaliar o dispêndio energético e as condições socioeconômicas e em seguida foram realizadas as medidas antropométricas. Com exceção do dispêndio energético, as demais variáveis foram categorizadas para processar o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, adotando um nível de significância de 5% (α=0,05) para as tomadas de decisão. RESULTADOS: O dispêndio energético apresentou relação direta ao IMC (p=0,0001) e inversa aos graus de escolaridade (p=0,0407) e idade (p=0,0417), mas não se verificou associação em relação à RCQ (p=0,1288) e renda per capita (p=0,1984). Também não foram encontradas associações para as análises entre IMC e renda per capita (p=0,8263), grau de escolaridade (p=0,1326) e idade (p=0,7423). Na avaliação da RCQ foi observada uma relação inversa à renda per capita (p=0,0163), não se apresentou associação com a idade (p=0,5985) e embora tenha demonstrado diferença estatística (p=0,0126) em relação aos graus de escolaridade, os resultados foram discordantes da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres estudadas apresentaram alta prevalência de sedentarismo (57,8%), sobrepeso (31,3%) e obesidade (36,0%). Possuem RCQ inadequada e baixo nível socioeconômico. Propõe-se que os resultados sejam discutidos no Programa de Saúde da Família, com o intuito de promover políticas públicas de saúde para reverter esse quadro.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the associations between energy expenditure (Kcal), anthropometric profile (body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), socioeconomic status (education degrees and income per capita) and age of women (aged 40-64 years) registered in the Family Health Program. METHODS: A sample of 147 women answered a domiciliary inquiry, with the aim of evaluating the energy expenditure and the socioeconomic status. After that they were submitted to the anthropometric measures. Except for the energy expenditure, the other variables were categorized to process the test of Kruskal-Wallis, adopting a level of significance of 5% (α=0.05) to take the decision. RESULTS: The energy expenditure presented direct relation to BMI (p=0.0001) and inverse to the education degrees (p=0.0407) and the age (p=0.0417), but no correlation was observed to the WHR (p=0.1288) and per capita income (p=0.1984). Correlations between BMI and income per capita (p=0.8263), education degree (p=0.1326) and age (p=0.7423) were not found. In the evaluation of the WHR, we observed an inverse relation to the income per capita (p=0.0163), and no relation with the age (p=0.5985). Although there is statistic difference (p=0.0126) in relation to the education degrees, the results are in discordance with the literature. CONCLUSION: The women presented high prevalence of sedentarism (57.8%), overweight (31.3%) and obesity (36.0%). They have inadequate WHR and low socioeconomic level. These results should be argued in the Family Health Program with the aim of promoting health public politics to revert this situation.
31
Feyissa, Ferew Lemma. « The relationship between adult anthropometry morbidity and functional status : a longitudinal study among rural Ethiopians ». Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252081.
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TOLLIS, FREDERIC. « Evaluation du statut nutritionnel des patients hemodialyses chroniques de plus de 70 ans : interet de l'absorptiometrie biphotonique ». Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE1058.
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Aku, Amwe. « The influence of maternal socio-economic status on infant feeding practices and anthropometry of HIV-exposed infants ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6093.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive, cross sectional survey was to determine whether maternal socio-economic status has an influence on infant feeding practices, nutrition and growth status of HIV-exposed infants at Delft Community Health Centre. The aim of this study was to describe the influence of maternal socioeconomic status on infant feeding practices and infant anthropometric measurements. Information was collected from 125 mother-infant pairs who presented at the health clinic with infants aged between six weeks to six months. The WHO anthropometry calculator was used to determine the z scores of the anthropometric measurements. One hundred and twenty five Case Report Forms of mother-infant pairs were analyzed. Few infants were underweight if their mothers’ personal income or total household income were more than R800.00 per month, 12.7% and 1% respectively. Nearly twice as many infants (49.6%) of the single mothers were underweight as compared to infants (19.8%) whose parents were married. Similarly, twice as many infants (50%) were underweight if their mothers walked to the health facility compared to 23.8% of infants’ whose mothers’ used taxis. Education and employment status of mothers appear to prevent infants from becoming underweight as twice as many infants (55.8%) were underweight when their mothers did not complete secondary school compared to 23.3% of infants whose mothers did complete secondary school. Nearly four-fold more infants (59.5%) were underweight if their mothers were unemployed compared to those infants (14.9%) whose mother were employed. Housing, the presence of a flush toilet or running tap water in the house did not improve the body mass index of infants. A total of 57.4% of infants whose mothers resided in brick houses, 71.9% of infants whose mothers had access to flush toilets and 57.5% who had running tap water in the house were still underweight. Infants whose mothers lived in houses with less than two rooms or where 3-4 people occupy the house had higher risk of being underweight (54.6% and 40.5% respectively). Underweight children were still prevalent even if the room were occupied by only one person (50%) of 1-2 children (67.2%). All women chose to formula feed their infants after receiving infant feeding counselling. Despite the availability of free replacement feeds there were evidence that infants were not properly fed.
34
King, Sarah Elizabeth. « A cross-sectional study of socio-economic status, nutritional anthropometry and helminthiasis among the Kamea of Papua New Guinea ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624505.
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Knight, Caroline L. « Antenatal characterisation and postnatal validation of fetal nutritional status using novel fetal imaging methods, neonatal body composition data, and anthropometry ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:11107be6-35ea-4d6d-9161-ddee4cde1b3e.
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Background: Fetal growth restricted (FGR) infants have increased perinatal morbidity and mortality risks. Standard fetal biometry may identify some FGR babies; amniotic fluid measurement and Doppler assessment of blood vessels provide additional, functional assessments, but are often normal in babies with late-onset FGR who are difficult to diagnose. A marker reflecting nutritional status should help to identify FGR fetuses, enabling effective intervention: increased monitoring or delivery and neonatal management. Arm and/or thigh measurements have previously shown potential in 2D and 3D. Limb fat volume has never been measured and could provide an in utero marker of fetal nutritional status. Aims: 1. To develop an ultrasound scanning protocol to acquire 2D images and 3D volumes of fetal arms and thighs. 2. To develop method(s), suitable for use in clinical practice, to measure fat in these images and volumes. 3. To assess the reproducibility of these methods. 4. To assess the validity of these methods by comparing them with MRI images of fetal limb fat. 5. To use these methods in a healthy population to develop reference ranges. 6. To correlate these methods with validated neonatal measurements, to assess whether the antenatal methods reflect neonatal body composition. 7. To apply these methods to longitudinal prospective ultrasound images from multiple countries to assess SGA fetuses. Method: Ultrasound imaging protocols were developed to obtain accurate images and volumes of fetal arms and thighs. Segmentation tools were designed with biomedical engineers to measure fat, lean and limb compartments, and applied to 2D images and 3D volumes (n=500), with calculation of reference centiles in optimally healthy women (INTERGROWTH-21st study) and MRI validation of the ultrasound measurements. Additional methods were assessed: a two-ellipse method, and a three-thickness Fetal Fat Index (FFI). Reproducibility was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and ICCs. Fetal measurements were correlated with neonatal body composition data and anthropometry. Third trimester fetal thigh fat volumes were compared in sub-cohorts of AGA and SGA fetuses. Results: Reference centiles were calculated for novel fractional arm and leg volumes (fat and lean), from 16 to 41 weeks. 2D reference ranges were also calculated. The FFI technique - quick, simple, 2D - correlated well with fat area and fat volume. DXA analyses showed a strong correlation between neonatal limb and whole body fat. Correlation analyses showed that infants with above- and below-average arm circumferences have significantly different amounts of arm fat as early as 30-35 weeks. The strength of correlation between antenatal limb fat and neonatal PEA POD whole body fat increased with increasing gestational age. Scans at 30-34 weeks showed a significant difference in fractional thigh fat between those who would be born SGA compared with AGA. Conclusion: This thesis explores, in detail, the measurement of fetal arm and thigh fat using 2D and 3D ultrasound, and demonstrates that it is correlated to neonatal body composition thus allowing 'fetal body composition' to be established as a research tool; the ultimate aim is to be able to distinguish growth-restricted fetuses from those of normal nutritional status. Novel measurements have been developed, acquisition protocols described, reproducibility assessed, and reference centiles calculated in an optimally healthy population: 2D Fetal Fat Index, 3D fractional limb fat and lean volumes, and limb fat (2D and 3D) as a percentage.
36
Jeannot, Lovemine. « Use of National and International Standards in Assessing the Growth and Nutritional Status of Rural Indian Children ». Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/317259.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Public HealthM.S.
This study compares anthropometry of rural Indian schoolchildren using national and international reference values, and explores association between demographic and socioeconomic variables and growth measures among rural children. A cross-sectional survey of height, weight, and BMI was conducted among schoolchildren (5-16 years) in Gujarat, where there were pre-established contacts who could facilitate access to schools and data collection for this study. Gender- and age-specific Z-scores were obtained for 519 children (234 girls, 285 boys) based on Indian reference values (Khadilkar et al., 2009) using an Excel® macro. Percentages of children stunted (height-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), underweight (weight-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), and wasted (BMI-for-age less than or equal to -2SD) were obtained (Khadilkar & Khadilkar, 2011). Children falling between adult Indian BMI levels 23 and 28 kg/m2 were considered overweight, and those above 28 kg/m2 were considered obese. Those stunted (height-for-age + 1SD), and obese (BMI > +2SD) were generated similarly using the WHO International Growth Standards (WHO, 2015). Regression analyses were conducted to model the relationship between growth measures, determined using national references, and predictor variables: age, gender, school, and caste. 21%, 23.1%, 8.9%, 2.7% and 0.2% of children were respectively stunted, underweight, wasted, overweight and obese based on Indian References and recommendations, and 27 %, 8.7%, 6.4% and 2.7 % respectively stunted, wasted, overweight and obese based on WHO Standards and recommendations. School was found to have significant interaction with all growth measures (P <.0001) and age had a significant interaction with height-for-age (P = 0.05). The current level of undernutrition, and emerging problems of overnutrition, in this study highlight a need to concentrate efforts to improve nutrition of Indian schoolchildren in rural areas.
Temple University--Theses
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Scarpari, Catia Elvira Ortiz. « Avaliação do estado nutricional de crianças de seis a sessenta meses participantes de um programa de atenção precoce a saude ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308279.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientadores: Antonio Bento Alves de Moraes, Rosana de Fatima PossobonDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A avaliação do processo de crescimento físico constitui um dos indicadores para a análise da saúde e dos riscos nutricionais de indivíduos e grupos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o estado nutricional de crianças participantes de um programa de atenção precoce à saúde. Realizou-se um levantamento de corte transversal com 487 crianças de seis a sessenta meses de idade. Para a avaliação do estado nutricional, utilizou-se o percentií de peso/estatura, considerando-se desnutrido quando percentií foi menor ou igual a 5 e obeso, quando o percentií foi maior ou igual a 95. Aplicou-se um questionário especifico a fim de investigar associação, por meio de regressão logística multivariada, do estado nutricional com características da família e da criança. Este estudo, também, avaliou os indicadores de crescimento (peso/idade, estatura/idade e peso/estatura) por meio do z-escore, considerando-se desnutrição, para todos os índices, quando o z-escore mostrou-se com dois desvios abaixo da mediana referência (z-escore < -2). A média de z-escore dos indicadores de crescimento foi avaliada segundo o tempo de amamentação e idade, e a variabilidade do z-escore para estes índices, na população, foi investigada entre um conjunto de variáveis, por meio da análise de regressão linear múltipla. Este estudo utilizou a referência do Ceniersfor Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-2000) e a análise estatística foi realizada com nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se baixa prevalência de desnutrição na população, no entanto, alta prevalência de baixo peso entre as crianças menores de 12 meses. As crianças com idade inferior a 24 meses, apresentaram 5,1% de obesidade (percentií peso/estatura > 95), e entre as acima desta idade, 11,7% estavam obesas. A obesidade se mostrou crescente com a idade, sendo que as crianças da faixa etária superior a 24 meses tiveram mais chances de apresentarem este quadro, havendo diferença estatística para o estado nutricional entre a faixa etária inferior e superior a 24 meses. Este estudo, ainda, observou que as crianças abaixo de 24 meses, apresentaram as maiores médias de desvio (z-escore), abaixo da mediana referência (CDC-2000), para o índice peso/idade. Com o maior tempo de amamentação observou-se diminuição nos desvios acima da mediana referência, para as médias do z-escore dos índices peso/idade e estatura/idade. O tempo de amamentação mostrou ser uma variável pouco explicativa para a variabilidade no z-escore dos índices de peso/idade, peso/estatura e estatura/idade. O elevado índice de obesidade entre as crianças com idade superior a 24 meses sugere a necessidade de intervenção precoce interdisciplinar, com vista à aquisição e manutenção de comportamentos de saúde, essenciais à maior qualidade de vida dos indivíduos
Abstract: The evaluation process of physical growth is an indicator for the analysis of health and nutritional risks of individuals and/or groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of children participating in a health early intervention care program. This cross-sectional study included 487 children, aged 6-60 months. Nutritional status evaluation was based on weight/height percentile, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000) growth reference. The malnutrition was defined as below the 5th percentile and obesity was defined as at or above the 95th percentile. A specific questionnaire was used to assess variables associated with the nutritional status of the individuals, using multivariate logistic regression analysis. This study evaluated children's z-score of the growth indicators (weight/age, height/age and weight/height) and the malnutrition was defined as two standard deviation below median reference population. Z-score mean values concerning age and length of breastfeeding were obtained using the analysis of variance method (ANOVA). Linear regression analysis was used to assess the effect of some variables on z-score different values observed in the present study. A low prevalence of deficit was observed for the population studied and high prevalence of underweight among children younger than 12 months. Considering the individuals younger than 24 months, 5.1% were obese and concerning those aged 24 months or older, 11.7% were also obese. Obesity level was observed to increase with age and was prevalent among children aged 24 months. Statistical difference was observed for nutritional status among children younger or older than 24 months of age. Children younger than 24 months showed the highest deviation mean values, below median reference, considering the weight/age index. A decrease in the median reference deviation concerning breastfeeding length was observed, considering means of z-score obtained for weight/age and height/age indexes. The high values observed for obesity among the children aged 24 months or older suggest that an early interdisciplinary intervention, focusing on the acquisition and maintenance of health behavior, is needed to provide the population with a better quality of life
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
38
Roman, Everton Paulo. « Antropometria, estado nutricional e maturação sexual em meninas de 09 a 17 anos de idade de diferentes niveis socioeconomicos em Cascavel - Parana ». [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308323.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Antonio de Azevedo Barros FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a antropometria, o estado nutricional e a maturação sexual de meninas de nove a 17 anos de idade em diferentes níveis socioeconômicos na cidade de Cascavel, oeste do estado do Paraná - Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado no ano de 2006 com 2.761 meninas em 27 escolas (14 particulares e 13 públicas).Foram avaliados o peso e estatura para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). A idade da menarca foi obtida pelo método status quo. Para a avaliação da maturação sexual foi realizada a auto-avaliação de acordo com os critérios descritos por Tanner.O nível socioeconômico foi obtido por meio do questionário da ABEP (2003) sendo dividido nos tercis alto, médio e baixo. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas de acordo com os procedimentos internacionalmente aceitos. O estado nutricional foi definido como baixo peso IMC< percentil 5; eutrofia IMC = percentil 5 e < percentil 85, sobrepeso IMC = percentil 85 e obesidade = percentil 95 e comparados com os padrões propostos pelo CDC (2000) e Conde e Monteiro (2006). Para análise dos dados foi realizada estatística descritiva, com valores de média e desvio padrão.Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado ), análise de variância seguida do teste de Tukey, teste t Student, teste de Kappa para as devidas comparações. O nível de significância foi de p< 0,05. Resultados: A idade da menarca das meninas foi de 12,1±1,1; 12,3±1,2 e 12,4±1,2 anos para os tercis alto, médio e baixo, respectivamente. A idade da menarca geral sem a distinção do nível socioeconômico foi de 12,2±1,2 anos. Foram constatados valores superiores e estatisticamente significativos para as meninas pós-menarca no peso e na estatura dos 10 aos 17 anos de idade e no IMC dos 11 aos 14 anos de idade. Em relação ao estado nutricional, os resultados demonstraram que aos 09 anos de idade 29,7% das meninas estão com sobrepeso ou obesidade pelos critérios estabelecidos por Conde e Monteiro. Na avaliação do estado nutricional em relação aos estadios maturacionais 27,7% das meninas que estão no estadio M5 apresentam sobrepeso ou obesidade (Conde e Monteiro) enquanto que 9,8% das meninas que estão no estadio M2 pelos critérios do CDC são desnutridas. Observou-se também que meninas de melhor nível socioeconômico e que estudam em escolas particulares tendem a apresentar maiores percentuais de desnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade. Conclusão: As meninas pertencentes ao nível socioeconômico alto apresentaram idade da menarca de maneira antecipada e também maior estatura. Embora estas diferenças ocorram em níveis socioeconômicos distintos, biologicamente estas diferenças são pequenas. Quanto ao estado nutricional, os valores estão dentro do esperado. Os referenciais estabelecidos por Conde e Monteiro identificaram mais escolares com sobrepeso e obesidade e menos desnutridas que o CDC, contudo, os dois referenciais detectaram resultados muito próximos
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the anthropometry, the nutritional status and the sexual maturation of girls from nine to 17 years old in different social economic levels in the city of Cascavel, west of the state of Paraná ¿ Brazil. Methods: Cross sectional study was carried in 2006 with 2,761 girls in 27 schools (14 private and 13 public). Were evaluated the weight and the stature to the Body Mass Index (BMI) calculus. The age at menarche was obtained by the status quo method. To the evaluation of the sexual maturation was accomplished a self-evaluation according to the criterion described by Tanner. The social economic level was obtained by the ABEP (2003) questionnaire being divided as High, Average and Low. All the evaluations were accomplished according to the internationally accepted procedures. The nourishment state was defined as low BMI weight < percentile 5; BMI eutrophia = percentile 5; and < percentile 85, BMI overweight = percentile 85 and obesity = percentile 95 according to the patterns proposed by the World Health Organization and compared to the CDC (2000) data. The nourishment state was also compared with a national proposal developed by Conde e Monteiro (2006) to the values of BMI. The analysis of the data was accomplished with descriptive statistics, with values of average and standard deviation. It was used the chi-squared-test (?2) and the Tukey test to the multiple comparison between the averages and the t Student test to the comparison among the groups and averages. The level of significance was of p < 0.05. Results: The age at menarche of girls was 12.1±1.1; 12.3±1.2 e 12.4±1.2 years old for high, average and low, respectively. The general age at menarche of the girls without the distinction of social economic levels was 12.2 ± 1.2 years old. There were found superior and statistically significant values for the pos-menarche girls in the body weight and in the stature from 10 to 17 years old and in the BMI from 11 to 14 years old. In relation to the nourishment state, the results point that at 09 years old, 29.7% of the girls were overweight or obese by the criterion established by Conde e Monteiro. In the evaluation of the nourishment state related to the mature stage, 27.7% of the girls that are in the M5 stage presented overweight or obesity (Conde e Monteiro) while 9,8% of the girls that are in the M2 stage by the CDC are malnourished. It was also noticed that the girls with better social economic levels who study in private schools tend to present a higher percentile of malnourishment, overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The girls who belong to the high social economic level presented the age at menarche sooner and also the higher stature. Although these differences occur in distinct social economic levels, biologically these differences are small. The classification of the nutritional status, the levels are inside the expected. The references established by Conde e Monteiro identify more students with overweight and obesity and less malnourished than the CDC, however, both references detected very close results. Key-words: Growth, body composition, sexual maturation and adolescent
Doutorado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Vladan, Pelemiš. « Uticaj dodatnog programa fizičkog vežbanja na morfološki i motorički status predškolske dece ». Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100290&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se primenom eksperimentalne metode naučno utvrdi da li dodatni šestomesečni program figičkog vežbanja u redovnim uslovima rada predškolske ustanove može regultirati gnačajnim promenama u morfološkim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima kod dece predškolskog ugrasta prosečne starosti 6,21±0,56 decimalnih godina. Obuhvaćeno je ukupno 211 dece od toga devojčica (n=103) i dečaka (n=108) koji su na početku istraživanja (01. septembar 2014. godine) bili polaznici predškolskih grupa u Predškolskoj ustanovi "Čukarica" u Beogradu. Prema kriterijumu primene šestomesečnog figičkog vežbanja ispitanici su bili podeljeni u tri homogene grupe i to: eksperimentalnu (E) koju je činilo 36 dečaka i 28 devojčica, prvu kontrolnu (K1) sastavljenu od 31 dečaka i 37 devojčica i drugu kontrolnu grupu (K2) sačinjenu od 41 dečaka i 38 devojčica. E grupa je imala dodatni koncept programa koji je bio gasnovan na sadržajima visoke složenosti, sproveden kao figičko vaspitanje, a usmeren na razvoj biotičkih motoričkih gnanja. K1 grupa je takoe imala dodatni ali diferenciran program, usmeren kao trenažne sekvence, ga dečake polistrukturalnoaciklične aktivnosti, a ga devojčice estetskokonvencione aktivnosti. Dok K2 grupa pored redovnih aktivnosti ig figičkog vaspitanja nije bila podvrgnuta nijednom obliku dodatnog figičkog vežbanja. Koristio se kvagi– eksperimentalni nacrta istraživanja, tačnije nacrt sa neekvivalentnim grupama i pretestposttestom. Ugorak morfoloških mernih instrumenata bio je sačinjen po redukovanom modelu (Viskić, 1972; Kurelić i sar., 1975) preuget ig istraživanja Bale (1980). Motorički merni instrumenti proiglage takoe ig redukovanog teoretskog modela (Kurelića i sar., 1975; Gredelja i sar., 1975) preuzetog iz istraživanja Bale i Popovića (2007). Rezultati istraživanja ukaguju da je program dodatnog figičkog vežbanja E grupe dao dobre regultate u redukciji potkožnog masnog tkiva i volumena i mase tela kod dece. Najbolje rezultate dao je u pogledu mehanizma za strukturiranje kretanja. Deca iz K1 grupe, takoe su redukovala potkožno masno tkivo i volumen i masu tela, ali u pogledu motoričkih sposobnosti nije bilo pomaka u mehanizmu za strukturiranje kretanja. Kod dece u K2 grupi došlo je do povećanja potkožnog masnog tkiva, volumena i mase tela kao i pada pojedinih motoričkih sposobnosti. U sve tri grupe izolovana su dva hipotetska morfološka faktora koje je bolje interpretirati kao jedan Faktor mekog tkiva, i dva motorička koji se mogu interpretirati kao Generalni motorički Paktor. Kvalitativne promene u strukturi oba ekstrahovana faktora uočene su samo u K1 grupi u motoričkom prostoru, što je posledica diferenciranog programa figičkog vežbanja. Regultati su ukagali da redovan program figičkog vaspitanja u predškolskim ustanovama nije dovoljan za pripremnu predškolsku grupu, kao i da se dodatnim programiranim figičkim vežbanjem postižu bolji rezultati pogotovo ako je usmeren ka razvoju biotičkih motoričkih znanja.The research was conducted with the aim of applying experimental methods scientifically determine whether an additional six-month program of physical exercise in normal conditions of preschool institution may result in significant changes in the morphological characteristics and motor abilities in preschool children with mean age 6.21 ± 0.56 decimal years. A total of 211 children from that of girls (n=103) and boys (n=108) who were in the moment of research (01. September 2014) participants were preschool groups in preschool institution "Čukarica" in Belgrade. According to the criteria of application of the six-month physical exercise participants were divided into three homogeneous groups: experimental (E) which consisted of 36 boys and 28 girls, the first control (K1) made up of 31 boys and 37 girls, and another control group (K2) as made of 41 boys and 38 girls. E group had additional program concept which was based on the contents of higher complexity, implemented as physical education, which is focused on the development of biotic motor skills. K1 group also had additional or differentiated program, focused as the training sequence, for boys extracurricular- acyclic activities, and for girls estheticconventional activities. While K2 group in addition to the regular activities of physical education was not subjected to any form of additional physical exercise. It was used a quasi-experimental research designs, namely The draft with unequivalent groups and pretest-posttest. Morphological sample of measuring instruments was made through a reduced model (Viskić, 1972; Kurelić et al., 1975), taken from the research (Bala 1980). The motor measuring instruments derived also from the reduced theoretical model (Kurelić et al., 1975; Gredelj et al., 1975), taken from the research (Bala, & Popovic 2007). The research results indicate that the program is additional physical exercise group E gave good results in the reduction of subcutaneous fat volume and body mass in children. The best results in terms of mechanisms for structuring movements. Children from the K1 group, also reduce the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the volume and mass of the body, but in terms of motor skills were no developments in the mechanism for structuring movements. Children the K2 group there was an increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue volume and body mass as well as the decline of some motor skills. In all three groups were isolated two hypothetical morphological factors that is better interpreted as a Factor of soft tissue, and two motor that can be interpreted as General motor factor. Qualitative changes in the structure of the two extracted factors were observed only in the K1 group in the motor area, which is the result of a differentiated program of physical exercise. The results have shown that regular physical education curriculum in preschool institutions is insufficient for the preparatory preschool group, as well as to further programmed physical exercise leads to better results especially if it is directed at the development of biotic motor skills.
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Groenewald, Merensia. « The relationship between calcium, vitamin D status, anthropometry, physical activity and bone density in Black men : a case control study / Merensia Groenewald ». Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/326.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bone" and is characterized by an increase in bone
fragility and susceptibility to fracture, which typically involves the wrist, spine and hip
(South African Medical Association (SAMA) Working Group, 2000). In South Africa
osteoporosis and fractures are more common in whites than in blacks. African-American
men experience hip fractures at a rate of only half of that of Caucasian men. The bone
mass in Africans were found to be 6 - 12 % higher than in Caucasians at all ages. A
higher peak bone density at skeletal maturity in African-Americans were found, so that
despite comparable age related bone loss, African Americans reach the fracture
threshold less frequently than whites. Age-related bone loss that begins later, is less
severe, or occurs in different skeletal sites in African-Americans than whites (Luckey et
al., 1996). American whites have a higher bone turnover than American blacks, but in
contrast to this American data. South African blacks may have a higher bone turnover
and lower bone density than whites (Daniels et a/., 1995). If it is compared with
Caucasians a lower rate of hip fracture in South African blacks were found, despite lower
bone density at all ages (Villa, 1994). The lower fracture rate in blacks than in whites is
because of greater bone mass and higher bone turnover leading to more frequent
renewal of damaged bone. Blacks excrete less urinary calcium, and show no skeletal
sensitivity towards the parathyroid hormone. Few studies focus on older black South
African men and osteoporosis.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of calcium intake, vitamin D
status, anthropometry and physical activity and bone density in black South African men.
Methods
A case-control study design was used, in which variables associated with bone density
were compared. The case group were men with fractures of the proximal femur, the
proximal humerus or the distal radius and an equal number of age-matched healthy
black men (with not more than a 5-year age difference) with no fracture (the proximal
femur and humerus and distal radius) previously, was recruited as a control group.
Bone density was measured with DEXA. Fat percentage was measured with a Tanita
scale. Biochemical analyses were done. Questionnaires were used to gather
demographic, activity and dietary information. To our knowledge, this is the first case-control
study on osteoporotic fractures in South African black men.
Results
Both the groups' bone mineral densities were lower than recommended. The bone
density of the case group for lumbar and hip regions was 0.86 and 0.88 and the control
group's bone density for lumbar region was 0.95 and hip region 0.91. The control group
was more physically active and had a better nutritional status than the case group. The
control group's calcium intake was higher but the vitamin D status was lower than the
case group. Both calcium and vitamin D status were not statistically significant (pc0.5),
between the two groups. Body mass indices of the groups were the same. The serum
albumin was higher in the control group than in the case group. The case group serum
calcium was higher than the control group. Both serum albumin and serum calcium
were statistical significant between the two groups. There were no statistically
significant differences in any of the other biochemical variables between the two groups.
Serum phosphate and serum vitamin D were statistical significant for bone density of the
hip and lumbar regions.
Conclusion
To conclude it seems logical to suggest a healthy diet with optimal macro- and micro
nutrient intake. Maintain ideal body weight and body fat percentage and recommend
regular but moderate-weight-bearing exercise from a young age throughout adult life, as
part of a strategy to prevent and treat osteoporosis. In the present study black South
African men present with low bone mineral density, but other studies indicated a lower
rate of hip fracture in South African blacks, despite lower bone density at all ages. It can
be recommended that other factors may play a role in black South African men with
osteoporosis. Factors such as serum phosphorus, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, body mass
index (BMI), physical activity index (PAI), animal protein, total fat intake and dietary
calcium are important determinants of BMD in older South African blacks, as shown in
the present study. Osteoporosis is a multi factorial problem and must be treated that
way.Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Kruger, Rozanne. « Feeding practices and nutritional status of children (aged 0 to 3 years) in two clinics in the Moretele district ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24066.
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Prado, Corina Dias do [UNESP]. « Avaliação nutricional de pacientes com câncer ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88679.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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prado_cd_me_arafcf.pdf: 343315 bytes, checksum: 55167744aca71f0e9ff073df79cd2825 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar vários métodos de avaliação nutricional aplicados a pacientes oncológicos. No primeiro capítulo, discutiu-se a literatura existente sobre o tema, a fim de servir de subsídio para alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância e as implicações do estado nutricional do paciente para seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. No segundo capítulo, realizou-se a adaptação cultural da Avaliação Subjetiva Global – Produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP) e estimou-se sua reprodutibilidade. No terceiro capítulo, calculou-se as medidas estimadas de peso e altura de 62 pacientes, avaliou-se sua correlação e concordância com as medidas reais e identificou-se o risco de desnutrição de pacientes oncológicos, o qual foi aferido a partir de diferentes métodos. No quarto capítulo, investigou-se as características clínicas, sócio-demográficas e o estado nutricional de 134 pacientes oncológicos atendidos no Hospital Amaral Carvalho- Jaú, SP, no período de abril a novembro de 2008
The aim of this study was to describe the several methods of nutritional assessment applied in patients with cancer. In the first chapter, the current literature on this topic is described in order to make health professionals aware of the importance and implications of the nutritional status for the prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. In the second chapter, the transcultural adaptation of the “Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was performed and its reliability was estimated. In the third chapter, the estimated measures of weight and height (n=62) were calculated, the correlation and concordance with real measurements were assessed, and the risk of malnutrition of patients with cancer was identified by means of different methods of evaluation. In the fourth chapter, the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the nutritional status of 134 oncologic patients at Amaral Carvalho Hospital-Jaú, SP, are investigated between April and November 2008
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Dapi, Nzefa Leonie. « Socioeconomic and sex differences in adolescents' dietary intake, anthropometry and physical activity in Cameroon, Africa ». Umeå : Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå university, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30773.
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De, Bruyn Celeste Marinda. « Dietary adequacy, variety and diversity and associated factors (anthropometry and socio-economic status) in pregnant women attending the Bishop Lavis MOU in Cape Town ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16476.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Includes bibliographical referencesAim: The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy of the dietary intake of pregnant women attending Bishop Lavis MOU, in the Tygerberg area of Cape Town. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two women between 12 and 20 weeks' gestational age participating in the Main PASS study were recruited. They completed three interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recall assessments on three different days, each approximately two weeks apart. Dietary reference values for adequate nutritional intake during pregnancy and the South African food based dietary guidelines and NARs and MAR were used to assess the nutritional adequacy. Anthropometric and socio-demographic information was also collected. Results: The results indicate that just over a quarter of the sample were classified as teenage pregnancies. The majority had between grades eight and ten, and had a monthly household income between R500 and R5000. With a mean energy intake of 10 168.4kJ, majority (79.5%) of the study sample did not meet the energy DRI. Close to half (42.8 %) of the study sample did not meet the DRI for protein intake. All participants met the carbohydrate EAR, and many exceeded the recommended fat intake. The intake of sugar and saturated fats exceeded recommendations with sugar contributing to almost half of the total energy from carbohydrates. The intakes of vitamin A, D and E, pantothenate, biotin, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and manganese fell below the recommendations. Sugar was the most commonly consumed food item, followed by potato, chicken, milk, and white bread. Apples were the most commonly consumed fruit. When compared to the FBDG, the study sample consumed double the recommended portions of starch, half the recommended daily fruit and vegetables, and half the recommended legumes. Conclusion: The high intake of refined carbohydrates, especially sugar, and the high intake of foods high in saturated fats needs to be addressed. Micronutrient intake is generally poor, especially with nutrients that are vital to proper growth and development of the foetus. Education on appropriate dietary changes, as well as suggestions to make implementation of such changes affordable would be invaluable, and may contribute towards decreasing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Hortencio, Taís Daiene Russo 1982. « Fatores de impacto sobre o crescimento e o estado nutricional de pacientes com fibrose cística menores de 10 anos não submetidos à triagem neonatal ». [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308364.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Antonio Fernando RibeiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T22:25:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hortencio_TaisDaieneRusso_M.pdf: 1685079 bytes, checksum: 586bb369408c101282af49fea1f312b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A Fibrose Cística (FC) é uma doença que pode interferir no crescimento na infância por causar desnutrição decorrente da digestão e absorção deficiente de nutrientes, pelo aumento das necessidades calóricas devido ao declínio da função pulmonar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da FC, evolutivamente, através de parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais, sobre o crescimento e o estado nutricional. Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Foram avaliados 52 pacientes menores de 10 anos, antes do início da triagem neonatal. A coleta dos dados para avaliação antropométrica atual foi realizada em dias de consulta habitual no período de setembro de 2009 a março de 2010. Neste momento também foram coletadas a estatura dos pais. As medidas antropométricas retrospectivas e os marcadores de gravidade clínica foram coletados nos seguintes momentos: ao nascimento, na primeira consulta no serviço, ao diagnóstico e assim anualmente no mês de aniversário do paciente. Quanto ao estado nutricional, 4 pacientes apresentaram escore Z ? -2 para os índice estatura/idade e IMC/idade. As variáveis, menor número de internações, maior tempo entre a primeira consulta ao diagnóstico, maior tempo entre nascimento e o diagnóstico e início tardio de manifestações respiratórias apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com melhor relação estatura/idade. As variáveis CVF(%), VEF(%), FEF 25/75%, tempo de gestação, peso ao nascimento e início de manifestações respiratórias apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com o índice IMC/I. Pode-se concluir que, para os principais parâmetros estudados, houve impacto negativo da FC sobre o crescimento e o estado nutricional dos pacientes avaliados
Abstract: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease that can interfere at growth in childhood to cause malnutrition due to poor digestion and absorption of nutrients, the increased energy requirements due to the decline in lung function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of CF evolution through clinical and laboratory parameters on nutritional status during treatment of these patients. We conducted a retrospective cross sectional. Were evaluated 52 patients less than 10 years, before the start of neonatal screening. Data collection for the current anthropometric assessment was performed on days of normal consultation between September 2009 and March 2010. At this time were also collected parents' statures. The retrospective anthropometric and clinical risk markers were collected at the following times: at birth, the first appointment in the service, diagnosis, and thus every year in the patient's birthday. Regarding nutritional status, 4 patients had Z score ? -2 score height/age and BMI/age. The variables, fewer number of hospitalizations, greater time from first consultation to diagnosis and longer time between birth and late early diagnosis of respiratory disease were significantly associated with the best height/age. The FVC(%), FEV1(%), FEF 25/75%, gestational age, birth weight and early respiratory symptoms were significantly associated with BMI/I. It can be concluded that for the main parameters studied, there was impact of FC on nutritional status of patients
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Gasperini, Débora Garcia. « Avaliação de estado nutricional, em crianças e adolescentes com câncer, em três estudos longitudinais ao diagnóstico, durante e após o tratamento / ». Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183301.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Nilton Carlos MachadoResumo: Introdução. O câncer pediátrico é a principal causa de morte por doença em crianças menores de 19 anos. Os tratamentos utilizados afetam negativamente o organismo e aumentam o risco de comprometimento do estado nutricional. Algum grau de desnutrição é observado em 8% a 50% das crianças com câncer ao diagnóstico e pode estar relacionada ao aumento da extensão da doença, atraso no diagnóstico e tratamento. Por outro lado, a obesidade infantil é hoje uma grande questão de saúde pública e um dos desfechos adversos mais comuns em sobreviventes de câncer infantil. Então, é essencial avaliar o estado nutricional destes pacientes, tanto ao diagnóstico, como durante e após a terapia. Objetivos. Avaliar o estado nutricional, de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, através de indicadores antropométricos, características clínicas e demográficas, em três estudos longitudinais: ao diagnóstico, durante e após o tratamento. Propor um manual para manejo do estado nutricional em crianças com câncer. Métodos. Estudo longitudinal e prospectivo em crianças e adolescentes com câncer, com idades entre 1 a 18 anos, atendidas em centro terciário de tratamento oncológico de agosto/2018 a março/2019. Realizado avaliação em três estudos de crianças com câncer: Estudos1, pacientes recém-diagnosticados, que iniciariam terapia; Estudo 2, pacientes sob terapia há pelo menos 3 meses; e Estudo 3, pacientes fora de terapia. Realizou-se, em 3 momentos: momento 0, 30 dias e 180 dias. Realizado: Revisão de prontuá... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction. Pediatric cancer is the leading cause of death from disease in children under 19 years. The treatments used negatively affect the body and increase the risk of compromised nutritional status. Some degree of malnutrition is observed in 8% to 50% of children with cancer at diagnosis and may be related to increased extent of the disease, delayed diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, childhood obesity is now a major public health issue and one of the most common adverse outcomes in child cancer survivors. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the nutritional status of these patients, both at diagnosis, during and after therapy. Aims. To evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents with cancer through anthropometric indicators, clinical and demographic characteristics, in three longitudinal studies: at diagnosis, during and after treatment. Propose a manual for nutritional status management in children with cancer. Methods. Longitudinal and prospective study in children and adolescents with cancer, aged 1 to 18 years, attended at a tertiary cancer treatment center from August 2018 to March 2019. Evaluation was performed in three studies of children with cancer: Studies1, newly diagnosed patients, who would start therapy; Study 2, patients on therapy for at least 3 months; and Study 3, patients out of therapy. It took place in 3 moments: moment 0, 30 days and 180 days. Performed: Review of medical records; Application of a questionnaire to collec... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Taddei, José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo. « Avaliação antropométrica do impacto nutricional de um programa de suplementação alimentar ». Universidade de São Paulo, 1988. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-04012018-165027/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Os programas de suplementação alimentar, como iniciativa do Estado, tem início em meados do século passado em países europeus. Após a segunda guerra mundial, os Estados Unidos da América do Norte passam a utilizar seus estoques de alimentos como mecanismo de influência política nos países de terceiro mundo com a doação de alimentos, No Brasil os programas de suplementação alimentar têm inicio na década de 50 com a utilização de alimentos doados por países centrais. Nos anos setenta, é definida uma política de alimentação e nutrição para o país que tem a suplementação alimentar como seu principal componente. São pouco frequentes avaliações das atividades de suplementação alimentar desenvolvidas em vários países do globo. A análise das informações disponíveis demonstra que a suplementação alimentar não tem promovido melhoras significativas nas condições nutricionais de pré-escolares. As avaliações dos programas existentes no Brasil, há cerca de 12 anos, parecem apontar para o mesmo sentido. Esse estudo analisa o efeito de um programa de suplementação alimentar dirigido a pré-escolares, que distribui, mensalmente, alimentos formulados e suficientes para suprir vinte por cento das necessidades nutricionais do grupo assistido. Utiliza-se para isso um delineamento, tipo \"antes-depois\", em que 1103 crianças menores de 3 anos, são observadas ao entrarem no programa e seis meses após o seu início. A análise dos dados antropométricos é realizada a partir de três procedimentos. No primeiro deles, compara-se o perfil nutricional do grupo estudado ao entrar no programa e após seis meses de suplementacão. No segundo, analisam-se as mudanças de categorias quintilares durante o período de suplementação alimentar. No terceiro, estudam-se as diferenças de escores 7 corrigidos e referentes aos seis meses de acompanhamento. Em todas análises são estudadas, como variáveis intervenientes, a idade ao entrar no programa, o estado nutricional ao entrar no programa, a frequência a serviços de puericultura, a renda familiar per-capita e a ocupação da mãe. Os resultados demonstram que ocorre um processo de deterioracão do estado nutricional das crianças quando, na medida em que ficam mais velhos estão mais expostas às condições adversas do ambiente em que vivem. Tal processo tem início no segundo semestre, agravando-se no segundo ano, e tendendo a estabilizar-se no terceio ano de vida. Crianças com frequência \"regular\" a serviços de puericultura e pertencentes à faixa superior de renda familiar per-capita, apresentam melhores condicões nutricionais ao entrar no programa. A comparação dos perfis nutricionais ao entrar, e após seis meses demonstra que a suplementação alimentar não é suficiente para reverter o processo de deterioração do estado nutricional que acompanha o \"envelhecimento\" da populacão de pré-escolares. A análise das mudanças quintilares e as diferenças dos escores 7 corroboram esse achado. Nesses dois procedimentos, evidencia-se ainda que criancas, que entram no programa com piores condições nutricionais são as que mais se beneficiam da suplementação. Tal associação é mantida após controlar os efeitos devidos a variacões individuais do padrão de crescimento. Visando potencializar o efeito da suplementação alimentar, sugere-se a adoção de critérios clínico-antropométricos para definição da oportunidade e da quantidade da suplementação alimentar para cada criança do grupo alvo. A deturioracão do estado nutricional preponderante durante o primeiro e segundo anos de vida, sugere que a disponibilidade de alimentos pode não ser o fator limitante na determinação da desnutrição em pré-escolares. Assim sendo, a integração de medidas ligadas à adequação das práticas alimentares, ao controle das infecções na infância e à suplementação alimentar teriam efeito sinérgico na melhoria das condições nutricionais dos pré-escolares.Supplemtary feeding programmes, as a government initiative, were introduced in European countries in the second half of the past century. After World War II, the United States of America started to use their surpius food stocks as a mechanism of political influence in Third World Countries through food aid. In Brazil, supplementary food programmes began in the fifties through the distribution of food donated by Central countries. In the 70\'s, a national food and nutrition policy was defined, with a principal focus on supplumentary feeding. Not many evaluations of supplementary feeding activities have been conducted in the various countries of the world. An analysis of the information avaiable shows that supplementary feeding has not resulted in significant improvements in the nutritional status of pre-school children. Evaluations of Brazilian programmes implemented over the past 12 vears lead to thte same conclusion. The present study anulyses the effect of a supplementary feeding programme which distributes, on a monthly basis, formulated food in quantities sufficient to provide twenty per cent of the nutritional needs of the assisted group. For that purpose, a before and after impact evaluation is carried out, in which 1.103 children under three years of age are observed at the lime they enter the programme and six months after. An analysls of antropometric data is made, using three statistical procedures. In the first one, the nutritional profiles of the observed group at the time they enter the programme are compared with their profiles six months later. In the second one, using a percentile distribution, the group is divided into five categories and changes between categories during the supplementary period are observed. In the third one, differences in Z scores are studied for the six months of monitoring. In all three analys is the age and the nutritional status at the time of entry into the programme, frequency to prevuntive health services, per capita family income and mother\'s occupation are studied as intervenient variables. Results show that a process of deerioration in the nutritional status of the studied group occur when expnsed to the adverse conditions of the environment in which they live. This process starts in the second semester, aggravates in the second year and tends to stabilize in the third year of life. Children with a regular attendance recordd to preventive health services and belonging to the higher per capita income level show better nutritional statys at the time they enter the programme. A comparison of the nutritional profiles at the time of entry into the programme, and six months later, shows that the supplementary feeding is not sufficient to reverse the process of deterioration in the nutritional status which accompanies the \"aging\" of the pre-school population. The analysis of changes in quintiles and the differences in Z scores corroborate this finding. In these two procedures, it also becomes evident that the children who enter the progrumme under the worst nutritional conditions are the ones who benefit the most from the supplementary feeding. This association is also maintained after the effects caused by individual variations in the growth standard are controled. In order to potencialize the effect of supplementary feeding, it ls suggested that clinical- antropometric criteria be adopted ti define the opportunity and the quantity of supplementary feeding to be provided for each child of the target group. The deterioration in the nutritional status during the first and second years of life, when less are total nutritional needs are required, suggests that the avaiability of food may not be the limitating factor in determining malnutriton in pre-school children. Thus, measures linked to appropriate feeding practices and to the control of infections in early childhood could have a higher impact on the nutritional status than the supplementary feeding.
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Poulos, Mari K. « Effects of a modern environment on early puberty in humans : a comparative study of skeletal and published data of non-Hispanic blacks in the United States ». CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1540706.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Studies in the United States suggest that girls are developing secondary sexual
characteristics at earlier ages than in previous years, with non-Hispanic black girls in the United
States experiencing menarche at an earlier age when compared to their peers. Early puberty and
menarche may have multiple detrimental effects, including reduced adult height, increased risk
of breast cancer, obesity, and endometrial cancer. In this thesis, data from published sources of
height and skeletal information on non-Hispanic blacks dating from 1763 to 1861 in the United
States are compared with modern population data from 1988 to 1994. The expected result is that
the modern population should be taller than the historic population. This held true for males, but
not for females. The sexes differed from each other in each population group. This could
suggest that female maturation is under greater genetic control than male, compensating for
harsh living conditions.Department of Anthropology
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Alves, Roselene Valota [UNESP]. « Consumo alimentar familiar e indicadores antropométricos do estado nutricional de escolares de Piracicaba-SP ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88653.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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Diversas medidas no combate à fome vêm sendo discutidas nos últimos anos na busca de se garantir, a todos, condições de segurança alimentar e nutricional e assim, formular políticas públicas para este que é um dos maiores problemas do país. A nutrição adequada está diretamente relacionada às dimensões físicas e à composição corporal, principalmente no processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a relação do consumo alimentar familiar com os indicadores antropométricos do estado nutricional e o perfil socioeconômico de escolares do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas do município de Piracicaba-SP. O estudo foi realizado com 283 famílias de escolares distribuídas proporcionalmente entre as cinco regiões administrativas da cidade, por meio de medidas quali-quantitativas da aquisição de alimentos em inquérito que contempla o registro da freqüência de consumo de alimentos no domicílio e também dados socioeconômicos para uma melhor compreensão desse consumo. Na avaliação do estado nutricional dos escolares, distribuídos segundo a renda, 5,1% deles apresentaram baixa estatura para a idade, com prevalência significativa de crianças mais baixas no primeiro tercil de renda (10,8%) e, em todos os tercis, apresentaram valores acima do esperado na distribuição percentilar do índice de massa corpórea para idade, tanto no indicativo de baixo peso como no de excesso de peso. Entre as famílias dos escolares foi encontrada uma mediana de 4,0 pessoas por domicílio, com uma mediana de rendimento familiar de 0,8 salários mínimos per capita, com diferença significativa entre os tercis sendo que 38% da renda eram destinados à alimentação aumentando conforme diminui a renda. O consumo de energia e proteínas pelas famílias dos escolares atende aos valores recomendados e aumenta conforme...
Many measures to fight hunger have been discussed in recent years to assure conditions of food and nutrition security to everyone and thereby devise public policies for what is one of the greatest problems of the country. Proper nutrition is directly related to body size and composition, especially in the process of growth and development of the child. Thus, this study aimed to study the relationship between household food consumption and the anthropometric indicators of nutritional status and socioeconomic profile of elementary schoolchildren attending public schools in the city of Piracicaba, SP. The study included 283 families of elementary schoolchildren proportionally distributed within the five administrative regions of the city. A questionnaire that investigates meal frequency per household and socioeconomic data to better understand food consumption was used to determine food quality and amount. Nutritional assessment of the schoolchildren distributed according to income showed that 5.1% of them were stunted, with a significant prevalence of stunted children in the first income tercile (10.8%). All income terciles presented distribution percentages of BMI-for-age beyond the expected values, that is, both underweight and overweight children were more common than expected. The median family size of the schoolchildren was 4.0 individuals per household and the median family income was 0.8 minimum wages per capita. There was a significant difference between the terciles. A minimum of 38% of the family income went to food and this percentage increased as family income decreased. Energy and protein intakes met the recommended values and increased with income. Calcium and vitamin A intakes were low, decreased with income and differed significantly between the terciles. Among the assessed nutrients, there was a weak positive correlation between calcium and vitamin A intakes...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Karki, S. (Saujanya). « Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life and associated factors among Nepalese schoolchildren ». Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223384.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This national cross-sectional study aimed to measure the oral health status, and oral health related-quality of life (OHRQoL) among Nepalese schoolchildren. Another aim was to investigate the association of dental caries and its consequences with OHRQoL, sociodemographic factors, oral health-related behaviours, anthropometrics, and school attendance and performance. The study was conducted in 18 out of total 75 randomly selected districts of Nepal representing 5 developmental, and concurrently 3 simultaneously ecological regions. Altogether 1137 of the invited 1157 schoolchildren from 27 conveniently selected schools participated both in the survey and clinical examination. Information on sociodemographic factors and oral health-related behaviours was collected using a structured questionnaire. Validated Nepali Child-OIDP was used for assessing children’s OHRQoL. Clinical oral examinations were conducted as per the WHO guidelines and assessed dental caries, its consequences (pufa/PUFA) and periodontal status. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were computed from anthropometric measurements. School-related information included data on school absenteeism was collected from school registry and school performance (percentage of the sum of scores in three core subjects). Gingival bleeding was highly prevalent among all participants. The youngest ones had most often need for dental caries treatment; 79% vs. 64% among the oldest ones. Dental caries and its consequences were most prevalent among those living in the Kathmandu Valley or in the rural areas or in mountain or hilly ecological regions, as well as those consuming sweets or candy, or tea with sugar, and brushing teeth infrequently. Most of the participants had problem with eating, cleaning the mouth, and sleeping. Dental caries and its consequences were associated with poor OHRQoL. They were also associated with both high and low BMI and central obesity (high waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios) as well as high school absenteeism (>13% of total schooldays missed) and poor school performance. Both low and high BMI, and poor OHRQoL, as well as high school absenteeism were all inversely associated with school performance. In conclusion, dental caries and gingival bleeding are common among Nepalese schoolchildren. Dental caries and its consequences are associated with poor OHRQoL. These conditions are also associated with sociodemographic factors, poor oral health-related behaviours, and anthropometrics (BMI and central obesity) as well as high school absenteeism and poor school performanceTiivistelmä Tämän poikkileikkaustutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia nepalilaisten koululaisten suunterveyttä ja siihen liittyvää elämänlaatua (OHRQoL). Toiseksi tavoitteena oli tutkia karieksen ja sen seurausten mm. oireet ja tulehdus, yhteyttä suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin, suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, koulupoissaoloihin sekä -menestykseen. Tutkimus toteutettiin 18/75 satunnaisesti valitussa Nepalin piirikunnassa, jotka edustivat sekä viittä kehitysaluetta että kolmea ekologista aluetta. Mukaan kutsutuista 1157 koululaisesta (27 koulua, mukavuusotos), 1137 osallistui sekä kysely- että kliiniseen tutkimukseen. Sosiodemografiset taustatiedot sekä tiedot suunterveyskäyttäytymisestä kerättiin strukturoidulla kyselylomakkeella. Suunterveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua arvioitiin käyttäen validoitua nepalin kielistä Child-OIDP –lomaketta. Kliinisessä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin kariestilanne, sen kliiniset seuraukset (pufa/PUFA) sekä kiinnityskudosten tila WHOn ohjeiden mukaan. BMI, vyötärön ja lantion ympärysmitan suhde sekä vyötärön ympärysmitan ja pituuden suhde laskettiin mittaustulosten perusteella. Kouluista saatiin tiedot poissaoloista viimeisen kouluvuoden aikana sekä koulumenestys kolmessa keskeisimmässä oppiaineessa viimeisimmässä todistuksessa. Lähes kaikilla todettiin ienverenvuotoa. Nuorimmassa ikäryhmässä oli muita useammin korjaavan karieshoidon tarvetta (79% vs. 64%). Kariesta sekä sen seurauksia esiintyi eniten niiden keskuudessa, jotka asuivat Kathmandun laaksossa tai vuoristossa. Karieksen esiintyvyys oli myös yhteydessä mm. sokerin, makeisten ja sokeriteen kulutukseen sekä epäsäännölliseen hampaiden harjaukseen. Karies seurauksineen oli yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), erityisesti syömiseen, suun puhdistamiseen sekä nukkumiseen. Sillä oli myös yhteys sekä matalaan että korkeaan BMIhin, lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin sekä huonoon koulumenestykseen. Matala ja korkea BMI, huono suunterveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu sekä poissaolot olivat käänteisesti yhteydessä koulumenestykseen. Karies ja ienverenvuoto ovat yleisiä nepalilaisten koululaisten keskuudessa. Karies seurauksineen on yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), haitalliseen suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin (BMI, keskivartalolihavuus) sekä lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin ja huonoon koulumenestykseen