Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Arabic Phaedo »

AbstractI provide the first study of an extended Arabic quotation from Plato’sPhaedopreserved in a work of medical ethics by the ninth-century physician al-Ruhāwī. This quotation, I argue, is valuable both for its antiquity (itsVorlagelikely predated all extant non-papyri witnesses to thePhaedo) and for the text that it transmits. Through an analysis of seven readings transmitted in the quotation, I conclude that the Arabic version is of significant textual value. A valuable new witness to the late antique, Neoplatonic tradition of Plato, it presents a plausible and unique set of variants and confirms that the tradition had been extensively contaminated even before the production of the earliest extant codices.

La Risālat al-Tuffāḥa, connue également sous le titre latin de Liber de Pomo, est un dialogue inspiré du Phédon de Platon, qui met en scène un Aristote mourant, que le parfum d'une pomme maintient en vie. Le philosophe répond aux questions de ses disciples, avides de recueillir le sens ultime de son enseignement ; il les enjoint de ne pas craindre la mort et de choisir la philosophie, seule voie qui mène au salut. Aujourd'hui tombée dans l'oubli, cette œuvre fut pourtant l'une des plus populaires du Moyen Âge. Célèbre dès le Xe siècle dans sa version arabe, elle fut traduite en persan, en hébreu et en latin et joua un rôle important dans la construction de la figure médiévale du philosophe. Son origine est toutefois assez obscure : au vu du cadre qu'elle met en scène, on a pu émettre l'hypothèse qu'elle constituait la traduction d'une œuvre grecque antique. Or sa version arabe, source des traductions ultérieures n'a encore jamais été étudiée de manière détaillée. Ce travail propose ainsi une édition critique du texte arabe, assortie d'une traduction, et une étude qui tente de répondre à la question des origines de cette œuvre et explore sa riche postérité arabo-persane
The Risālat al-Tuffāḥa, also known under the Latin title of Liber de Pomo, is a dialogue inspired by Plato's Phaedo, which features a dying Aristotle who manages to stay alive by smelling the scent of an apple. The philosopher answers his disciples' questions, as they are eager to learn the ultimate meaning of his teaching. He urges them to not fear death and to choose philosophy, the only path that leads to salvation. Nowadays forgotten, this text was however amongst the most popular works during the Middle Age. Famous in its Arabic version as early as the tenth century, it was then translated into Persian, Hebrew and Latin. It played a major role in the building of the medieval image of the philosopher. Its origin is however rather obscure: giving the settings that it presents, it has been suggested that this might be the translation of an ancient Greek work. Despite this hypothesis, the starting point of every research about the origin of this text still has to be the study of the Arabic version, as it is the text that has been used for the later translations. But this had, until now, never been thoroughly studied. Hence this work, that contains a critical edition of the Arabic text, a translation in French and a study that attempts to answer the question of the origins of this work and explores its rich Arabo-Persian reception

Abstract This chapter examines the decision-making underpinning the UK’s drawdown from its large military bases in the Arabian Peninsula and Southeast Asia midway through the Cold War. Existing explanations for retrenchment from ‘East of Suez’ range from the UK’s weak economic position to the domestic political incentives of withdrawal for the ruling Labour Party. This chapter offers an alternative explanation: the strategic rationale for retaining major garrisons such as Aden and Singapore dissolved during the 1960s, as officials realized that these military bases were consuming more security than they could generate. They had become political and military liabilities, rather than hubs for power projection. From mid-1965 onwards, the British government embarked on a phased withdrawal, while attempting to mollify allies, who wanted the UK to remain, and ‘East of Suez’ sceptics in the Parliamentary Labour Party. This careful management of expectations unravelled in the wake of the November 1967 currency crisis.

We have explored, and outline herein, the accumulation of copper in humans, plants, and animals in a remote desert area of southwest Jordan, Wadi Faynan, where mining and smelting activities began about 7000 years ago and effectively ceased 1500 years ago. The archaeological core of the area, Khirbet Faynan, is the ruin of the Roman city of Phaino, one of the major mining and smelting centers of the Roman world. In addition, the Faynan area was one of the most important suppliers of copper to ancient Syria, Mesopotamia, and Egypt (Klein and Hauptmann 1999). Ancient industrial archaeology abounds in the form of adit and shaft mines, ore and metal processing sites, kilns, and spoil and slag heaps (Hauptmann et al. 1992, Hauptmann 2000). The industrial archaeology is closely associated with a complex and extensive irrigated system of fields, which must have been constructed and maintained to feed the workforce in this remote arid area (Barker et al. 1998, 2000). Wadi Faynan is therefore ideally suited to explore the environmental impact of metal production in the past, and its impact, if any, in the modern environment. The study area is located in the hot and very arid Jordanian Desert at the mountain front at the eastern margin of the Wadi Araba, between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. These environmental conditions promote the widespread deflation and redistribution of dusts, which inevitably include metalliferous materials released from eroding spoil and slag heaps and ore processing sites (Gee et al. 1997, Pyatt and Birch 1994). The geology of the region is very complex and of key importance to understanding the consequences of mining and pollution in the region. Copper and locally lead mineralization is present in several rock strata, in particular the Numaya Dolomite Limestone of the Durj Dolomite Shale Formation and the Umm’ Ishrin Sandstone Formation of Middle and Early Cambrian age (Barjous 1992, Bender 1974, Hauptmann 2000, Rabb’a 1992). Adjacent to Khirbet Faynan is a reservoir that was abandoned as a water storage facility before the fifth century BC.

Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) has been recognized as a key technology to reduce CO2 emission. Among various CCUS technologies, CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been widely implemented at an industrial scale in the E&P sector. However, it is well-known that CO2-mixed oil would cause asphaltene precipitation resulting in flow assurance troubles. Therefore, more advanced asphaltene-risk-managing technology can be an enabler to improve robustness of CCUS projects. This paper presents a case study for a comprehensive series of asphaltene flow assurance pre-risk evaluation in Arabian Gulf Carbonate Oil Field at where the CO2 EOR is recognized as one of the highest potential technologies for full-field implementation. At first, sampling location was carefully selected considering the target reservoir's feature because the reliability of asphaltene study highly depends on sample representativeness. After the QA/QC of collected sample, asphaltene onset pressures (AOP) were measured at multiple temperatures under the CO2 mixing conditions in a straightforward experimental-design optimizing manner so that not only the evaluation accuracy could be improved but also the experimental cost could be minimized. The AOP measurements showed clear potential risks associated with CO2 injection. Subsequently, the numerical model analysis was conducted with Cubic-Plus-Association (CPA) EoS model to identify the risk area during CO2 injection. The analysis suggested that a risk would be caused at not only near-wellbore region at the sampling location but also tubing section / surface facility, furthermore, more seriously at the deeper location of target reservoir. Finally, CO2-induced asphaltene formation damage risk was investigated from the viewpoints of precipitated asphaltene particle size and pore throat size in the porous media. As a result, the clogging risks by CO2-induced asphaltene were estimated high in the target reservoir. By virtue of the above comprehensive series of pre-risk evaluation, the asphaltene flow assurance risk associated with CO2 injection was identified field-widely. The evaluation findings suggested moving on to future actions such as more detailed formation damage risk evaluation and mitigation plan development. The phased approach for evaluating asphaltene flow assurance risk and the reverse engineering of sampling operational design from the experimental design made a worthy demonstration to reduce unnecessary cost and time while obtaining the key information to drive the project. The procedure in this work can contribute to establish a subsurface part of guideline for CCUS from viewpoints of asphaltene flow assurance risk evaluation.

In response to the escalating HIV/AIDS epidemic, in 1998 the South African Ministry of Education mandated implementation of a comprehensive life skills education program in all secondary schools by 2005. The Life Skills Program aims to increase knowledge and develop skills to help youth protect themselves from HIV infection and to safeguard their reproductive health. Although it is too early to assess the long-term impact of this initiative, the phased implementation of life skills education provides an opportunity to assess short-term impact. To measure the effects of exposure to topics within the life skills curriculum on sexual and reproductive health knowledge and behaviors among youth, the University of Natal-Durban School of Development Studies, Horizons, The Population Council’s Policy Research Division, and Tulane University undertook a prospective study in KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa, from 1999 to 2001. This brief considers the impact of the life skills program on a population-based sample of youth in two districts in the province.