Thèses sur le sujet « Archéologie coloniale »
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Cazelles, Nathalie. « Évolution et adaptation des industries sucrière et rhumière en Guyane, XVIIe-XXe siècle ». Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4038/document.
Texte intégralThe history of the sugar industry in French Guiana has fluctuated since its beginnings between fascination and despair, because of the misleading luxuriant forest which seemed to imply a prosperous future to it. This adventure is naturally related to the history of the sugar industries of the Americas, but has only recently been considered as a research subject by the French historians, even if it is totally involved in the colonial history of America. A cause of such a delay may be due to a “painful” and “shameful” feeling regarding these years of the past. Archives are subjective and silent about a great part of the history (daily life of the settlers and their slaves, settlement strategies, evolution in the landscapes,…). This fact may have hidden all the interest that brings the sugar industry to understand the colonial phenomenon. The present work lies on an analysis of the difficulties met by the settlers who wanted to establish a profitable sugar- then rum-industry in French Guiana, and aims to show the importance and prominent role that colonial archaeology in French Guiana must play in the elaboration of a more exhaustive and consistent vision of this territory. A first part deals with the high constraint of the Amazonian environment upon a human settlement; a second part will bring to the fore how imperative it is to know the territory and its past due to the conditions of an archaeological research in French Guiana. Eventually, the presentation of the author’s archaeological works allows to insist on the human ingenuity to continuously adapt to the environment
Dufour, Françoise. « Des rhétoriques coloniales à celles du développement : archéologie discursive d'une dominance ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202672.
Texte intégralÀ partir des observatoires préalables que sont les discours des chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales, l'analyse des archives de mémoire lexicographiques et encyclopédiques résulte en un état des savoirs sur les notions de colonisation, de progrès civilisateur et de développement.
Le cheminement au sein des différentes théories du discours, puis de la catégorisation linguistique permet de poser des hypothèses de configurations discursives et de leur transformation au fil des événements historiques. Hypothèses qui sont soumises à l'épreuve d'un corpus d'étude composé d'un ensemble d'une centaine de textes du \siecle{XVIII}~siècle à nos jours : textes du progrès des Lumières, de l'économie, de l'anthropologie et textes sur la colonisation et le développement de l'Afrique autour du Mali.
L'analyse de l'organisation énonciative d'états de discours successifs permet de repérer, au fil des répétitions et des transformations, quelques marqueurs d'\emph{interdiscours} qui, soudant les textes dans l'épaisseur du discours, contribuent à construire des objets et des pratiques propres à la formation discursive.
Elle permet de dégager quelques processus de production/reproduction discursive d'un «type» normatif et dominant de citoyen occidental face à une altérité double, à la fois incluse dans la catégorie (dans une relation de symétrie) et extérieure à elle (stéréotypie et relation de complémentarité). Les différents marqueurs, qui composent les notions, les types et les altérités permettent in fine d'approcher le fonctionnement discursif de l'idéologie qui structure la relation de dominance.
Lagarde, Louis. « Peuplement, dynamiques internes et relations externes dans un ensemble géographique cohérent de Mélanésie insulaire : l'exemple de l'Ile des Pins en Nouvelle-Calédonie ». Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010715.
Texte intégralLosier, Catherine. « APPROVISIONNER CAYENNE AU COURS DE L'ANCIEN RÉGIME : ÉTUDE ARCHÉOLOGIQUE ET HISTORIQUE DE L'ÉCONOMIE ET DU RÉSEAU COMMERCIAL D'UNE COLONIE MARGINALE, LA GUYANE (XVIIe ET XVIIIe SIÈCLES) ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29229/29229.pdf.
Texte intégralPrévost, Marie-Annick. « ANALYSE DES MACRO-RESTES VÉGÉTAUX DU SITE COLONIAL DE FERRYLAND (TERRE-NEUVE, CANADA) ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25864/25864.pdf.
Texte intégralThe rich cod stocks of Newfoundland’s Grand Banks (Canada) attracted Europeans to the Americas from the sixteenth century onwards. However, the establishment of permanent colonies like that of Ferryland, founded by the English (1621-1696), date to the seventeenth century. The analysis of macro botanical remains (including wood charcoal) from this archaeological site shed light on the relationships between settlers and their environment. Their diet included a great variety of native wild berries as well as cereals, peas, herbs and dried fruits of European origin. However, we can not tell if this food grew mostly on or around the site or was imported. Settlers also used other plant resources (wood, conifer twigs, peat moss) for building and heating. Also, the activities of the settlers appear to have facilitated the introduction of many non-native weeds.
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Losier, Catherine. « Approvisionner Cayenne au cours de l'ancien régime : étude archéologique et historique de l'économie et du réseau commercial d'une colonie marginale, la Guyane (XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle) ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24165.
Texte intégralDijoux, Anne-Laure. « Recherche et étude de sites archéologiques de marronnage à l'île de La Réunion ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H008.
Texte intégralIn Reunion (island colonized by the French from 1663), marronage- or one of the active forms of resistance to slavery by the voluntary escape of slaves -was hitherto only documented by written sources, in which remain significant vacuums concerning maroon mate rial way oflife and the location of their camps. ln order to fil! these gaps, unprecedented archaeological work has been conducted. The approach was firstly based on the review of existing written documentation from an archeogeographic perspective, then on the acquisition of original mate rial data by the conduction of field surveys and excavations. The cross-checking of various sources has enabled a critical inventory of known maroon sites and the potential to rediscover their location. Based on the results of the surveys correlated with the archives, many "Petits Blancs" settlements (group of peasants in search for lands who succeeded the marnons) were discovered. Excavations carried out on three sites have revealed representative occupations of both marnons and posterior permanent settlement. The results yielded on the "secret valley" site, the obtaining of the first material evidence of marronage, have brought new insights about maroon survival strategies in an inhospitable environment. The excavated occupations of the "Petits Blancs" highlighted the importance of their impact on the natural environment and demonstrated that the search for maroon traces is heavily dependent on their remains that are visible in that area today. Overall, ail the data collected has led to the first archaeological mapping of the highland areas of Reunion
Roumégous, Anaïs. « Recherches sur Orange antique : carte archéologique et étude céramologique. : Étude sur l’origine et la chronologie des importations de céramiques sigillées italiques en Narbonnaise : le cas d’Orange. : suivi d’une Carte archéologique d’Orange et du nord-ouest du Vaucluse ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3079.
Texte intégralThis thesis consists of two parts, independent but complementary : on the one hand, an archaeological map of Orange and the northwest of Vaucluse; on the other hand, a study of the origin and the chronology of the imports of ceramics called italian sigillata in Gallia Narbonensis based on the case of Orange. The archaeological map synthesizes the archaeological discoveries touching a period included between 700 BC and 700 AD. All the available information was taken into account (manuscripts, reports, printed sources) to draw up a state of the bibliography and specify our knowledge of the antique vestiges of the northwest of Vaucluse. The corpus so established is the basis of a reflection on the occupation of the zone during the Antiquity, the urban organization of the city of Orange and the limits of its political territory. The historiographical aspect also constitutes an important point of this work. The ceramic study renews our chronological points of reference on the urban development of the city for its first century of existence, with in particular the dating of the surrounding wall, the various monumental constructions of the site of the « hémicycle » and the early contexts of living districts east of the theater. Besides, the ceramic study attempts to identify the origin of the examined italian sigillata, drawing up first a ou synthesis of workshops producing this ceramic. Indeed, if the italian sigillat seems well known, we quickly notice that it was almost always considered a homogeneous whole, without taking into account the existence of multiple workshops, in the constitution of typologies and datings
Claquin, Laurent. « Cuisines et céramiques de cuisine dans le monde grec colonial aux époques archaïque et classique (début VIIe-fin IVe s. av. J.C.) : approche archéologique des pratiques culinaires à Marseille, Mégara Hyblaea et Apollonia du Pont ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3089.
Texte intégralThis work on the kitchen ceramics is focused on three sites from different mother cities, a distinct and discontinuous geographic environment, and in contact with diverse populations: Marseille, Megara Hyblaea and Apollonia Pontica.The goal is not to get a holistic view of the Greek kitchen from the 7th to the 4th century BC., which would be reductive, but a comparative analysis to evaluate the nature of the relationship between the Greek colonies each other, and these with the communities with which they are in contact.It is divided into three distinct and complementary parts. The first lays the foundations by placing this work in its historiographical context while specifying the methodology adopted; a large part is dedicated to characterize the function, uses, culinary processes and terminology of each shape, by crossing the sources (text, iconography, coroplasty, ethnography and archaeology).The second part develops the typo-chronological analysis of the Greek kitchen ceramics from the preparation of the food to its cooking, sometimes using various devices and utensils. Finally, the third part highlights, by an intrinsic diachronic analysis, the culinary faciès for each of these three colonies and its evolution due to multiple phenomena of cultural interactions between the pre-Roman societies.This approach allows to reveal, in a common cultural framework to the Greeks, a discontinuity of the perceptible eating behaviours in the Greek colonial world, varying according to the scale (local, regional, interregional) and the socio-economic context considered
Ouriachi, Marie-Jeanne. « Habitat, terroirs et territoire en Languedoc oriental durant l'Antiquité : Approche spatio-temporelle d'un système de peuplement ». Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429724.
Texte intégralGuilland, Marie-Laure. « Patrimonialisation de vestiges préhispaniques et reconnaissance des peuples autochtones. Étude de trois affaires colombiennes ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA136.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims to understand how Colombia's pre-Hispanic heritage becomes a recognition issue for indigenous peoples, twenty years after the creation of a multicultural and neoliberal constitution. Inspired by the works of L. Boltanski and E. Claverie, the study of three “affairs” makes it possible to understand how new ethnic claims transform a heritage “dispositif” (Foucault, 1977) that seemed immutable for more than half a century. The analysis is based on a multi-sited field work (Marcus, 1995). It explores heritage-scapes (Appadurai, 2001), and indigenous-scapes of the "world system" by linking them to three sites where national archaeological parks are located within or bordering indigenous territories (Teyuna-Ciudad Perdida, San Agustín and Tierradentro). In retracing the social and cultural biography of the vestiges (Appadurai and Kopytoff, 1986), we explain how the heritage “dispositif”, introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century, gave rise to a rhetorical and aesthetic valorization of the country's pre-Hispanic roots, but in no way to the recognition of contemporary indigenous peoples. In the late 2000s, indigenous leaders, who were left out of the history and heritage management of parks, intend to transform the “truth regime” and “heritage regime” they consider unfair. The challenge is to legitimize their appropriation of the sites in order to justify their requests for identity and territorial recognition. Indigenous rights, UNESCO's principles on cultural diversity and intangible heritage, decolonial thinking and fears aroused by tourism are all resources used to justify their expectations. In those “affairs”, different systems of legitimacy clash during “tests of justification” (Boltanski, Thevenot, 1991) and “tests of strength”. This process reinforces ethnic boundaries through a heritage othering effect, and changes the heritage regime: artifacts become the supports of new ethnic, ritual and sacred practices, indigenous peoples acquire a place of partners in the new heritage “dispositif”, and the relational value of vestiges becomes as important as their materiality
Elias, Nada. « Pratiques funéraires et identités biologiques à Berytus et à Botrys à l'époque romaine (Liban, Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IVème siècle apr. J.-C.) ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0070/document.
Texte intégralDuring the first century B.C., with the rise of the Roman Empire, the Levant became the scene of cosmopolitanism where many heteroclite cultures would coexist. The new cosmopolitan society had Rome as its capital (Caput Mundi), and roads drawn up by the army linking the rest of the empire to its capital. Recent rescue excavations (since 2005) in Berytus (Beirut) and Botrys (Batroun) have revealed a considerable amount of unpublished data on populations who lived in the region during the four centuries of the Roman Empire until the early centuries of Christianity. Following an archaeo-anthropological approach, this thesis presents an assessment of eight funerary sites (n= 290) from the cities of Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus and Botrys. Significantly, Botrys, unlike Berytus, did not have the status of a Roman colony. This research seeks to contribute to the history of these two cities. The purpose is to understand the populations of the past through the study of the skeletons, rituals and funerary practices as well as the organisation of funerary spaces. This study primarily reveals a cultural and biological cosmopolitanism illustrated by variability in funerary practices and in biological characteristics. These results suggest that at least two different groups or more coexisted in the Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus. On the contrary, the biocultural data of Botrys skeletons reveal a less cosmopolitan city with less diversity shown on different anthropological and cultural levels. Indeed, the similarity of funerary practices, body treatments, grave goods and the organisation of the funerary space and biological homogeneity are indisputable in Botrys. Comparative analysis between Berytus and Botrys highlighted an existing biological heterogeneity at different scales between individuals of both cities. However, this diversity is contradicted by the homogeneity of the females of both cities during the 2th and the 4th century A. D
أصبح المشرق خلال القرن الاول قبل الميلاد، مع صعود الامبراطورية الرومانية، مسرحاً عالمياً تتفاعل فيه ثقافات مختلفة. ثقافات لطالما ميزت المشرق بسبب الغزوات واختلاط الشعوب منذ العصر الحجري الحديث. النظام العالمي الجديد جعل روما "عاصمة العالم" أو كما يقال باللاتينية Caput Mundi وبذلك رسم الجيش الروماني الطرق الى مختلف أصقاع الامبراطورية لتؤدي الى روما. كشفت الحفريات الوقائية و الإنقاذية الأخيرة في بيروت والبترون عن معطيات جديدة تخص الشعوب التي عاشت في المنطقة خلال القرون الأربعة من الإمبراطورية الرومانية وحتى بدايات المسيحية. تقدم رسالة الدكتوراه هذه دراسة عن الإنسان وعلاقاته مع الموت. وباتباع منهج أثري-أنثروبولوجي ستقدم تقييماً لثمان مواقع مدفنية في كولونيا جوليا أوغوستا فيليكس بيريتوس Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus ومدينة البترون (ع=٢٩٠ ) والتي على عكس بيريتوس )بيروت) لم تحمل صفة مستوطنة رومانية .تقدم هذه الدراسة في المقام الأول الاطار الثقافي والبيولوجي والمشروحين بتعدد الطقوس المدفنية والاختلاف البيولوجي لمجموعتين او اكثر من المجموعات التي تعيش في كولونيا جوليا أوغوستا فيليكس بيريتوس. في المقابل المعطيات البيولوجية الثقافية في البترون تدل على أنها مدينة أقل تنوعاً ولا تحوي تنوعات انثروبولوجية وثقافية كبيرة. لذلك فإن التطابق في طرق الدفن وتحضير الموتى وأمكنة الدفن والتجانس البيولوجي هي مسائل لاجدال فيها بالنسبة للبترون. وبالمقارنة مابين بيروت والبترون من الواضح عدم التجانس البيولوجي الموجود على أكثر من صعيد فيما بين سكان المدينتين.ولكن هذا التباين مابين المدينتين مخترق من قبل تشابه الإناث في كلا المدينتين من القرن الثاني الى القرن الرابع ميلادي
Néron, Aimie. « La culture matérielle de l’Auguste (1761) et le rapatriement de l’élite coloniale au sein de l’État moderne ». Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12453.
Texte intégralJohnson, Gervais Mélanie. « Les céramiques de la glacière Gervaise : le consumérisme chez la classe aisée montréalaise au milieu du XVIIIe siècle ». Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19068.
Texte intégralThis thesis in Canadian colonial archaeology analyses the ceramics found in the ice cellar of the Gervaise site (BjFj-119) in Old Montreal. The deposit within the cellar, which is divided into three levels, was put in place between 1750 and 1770, thus overlapping the British Conquest of New France in 1760. The property, bought by the master baker Charles Gervaise in 1693 and occupied by him and his family until 1753, was subsequently inhabited by different families of the middling sort. The ceramics assemblage opens a window on the rapidly evolving socioeconomic and political landscape of the time and on the consumption practices of these individuals during this eventful period in Montreal history and more generally in the context of the extension of capitalism in Occident. The study is informed by the methods of description and contextualisation suggested by the archaeology of consumerism, which explores the various relationships between material culture and individuals. The collection from the Gervaise ice cellar offers an original view of well-to-do households at the end of French Regime and the beginning of the British Regime, and challenges the role of some ceramic markers such as local earthenware, creamware, white faience and white stoneware.
« Histoire et archéologie du fort Jacques-Cartier : 1759-1760. Son rôle dans la défense de la colonie après la prise de Québec ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25284/25284.pdf.
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