Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Arriere ban »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Arriere ban"
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Bartosch, Andreas. « Is there a need for a Rule of Reason in European State aid law ? Or how to Arrive at a Coherent Concept of Material Selectivity ? » Common Market Law Review 47, Issue 3 (1 juin 2010) : 729–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2010032.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The ban on State aid as laid down by Article 107 (1) TFEU requires any advantage to be selective, meaning that it must be granted to only certain undertakings or to the production of certain goods. The jurisprudence of the European courts on this notion has been anything but coherent and straightforward in recent times. In 2001 the European Court of Justice accepted in its famous Adria-Wien ruling a so-called objectives-based approach, meaning that a Member State is justified to pursue different policies, such as environmental, social, or other objectives, without necessarily rendering a given measure materially selective. The General Court in two judgments handed down some years later built on this precedent and enlarged (to a considerable) extent the freedom enjoyed by Member States to pursue such objectives without falling under the State aid prohibition. In a more recent ruling the Court of Justice set aside one of those decisions, basing its conclusions on the premiss that the ban on State aid is purely effects-based. The analysis provided in this article takes this trias of rulings from the Luxemburg courts as the starting point to perform two main tasks. First, it looks into whether the objectives-based approach initiated by Adria-Wien can still be regarded as “good law”. Second, it then aims to present its own solution for exiting the current status of legal uncertainty and in this has, hopefully, struck an equitable balance between the goal of State aid to prevent distortions of competition and a sensible degree of freedom to be enjoyed by Member States to pursue (legitimate) goals of policy without any need to justify them in terms of State aid control.
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Tailleur, Sandrine. « Partial interrogatives in Quebec French : a diachronic look at a spreading variant ». Journal of French Language Studies, 13 octobre 2023, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269523000133.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This study offers a diachronic look (1840-today) into the direct partial interrogation system in Quebec French. The main goals are to provide empirical evidence of the rise of the in situ variant within the Quebec French system, and to understand how the system evolved over centuries, independently from Hexagonal French. The data (based on more than 1600 tokens) show that the emergence of the in situ variant seems to depend on the wh word itself, but its usage seems to be more important in Montreal. There are a few examples of in situ found before the 1970s, but this variant was never publicly condemned nor associated to “bad usage”. This article, inspired by a historical sociolinguistics approach, provides much needed original data from five different corpora, both (written) historical and (oral) contemporary, and shows that the partial interrogative system in Quebec is not stable over time. The Montreal data suggests a system evolving differently in this city than in other regions of the province, and the data from each wh word show that interrogatives with comment still only marginally allow the in situ variant. Cette étude offre un portrait diachronique (1840 à aujourd’hui) global de la variation à l’intérieur du système d’interrogation partielle directe en français québécois. L’objectif principal est de contribuer de façon empirique à la compréhension du développement de la variante in situ en français du Québec, et d’en arriver à montrer l’évolution, indépendante de celle ayant lieu en France, sur plus d’un siècle. Nos données (plus de 1600 occurrences) montrent que l’émergence de la variante in situ dépend du mot wh utilisé, et qu’elle semble plus avancée à Montréal qu’ailleurs. Nous avons trouvé quelques traces de la variante in situ avant 1970 dans les documents métalinguistiques, et montrons que cette variante n’a jamais été condamnée. Le présent article s’inscrit dans une approche de sociolinguistique historique et fournit des données originales, tirées de corpus historique (écrit) et contemporains (oraux). Ce portrait quantitatif montre à quel point le système d’interrogation directe partielle n’est pas stable dans le temps, et suggère une évolution dans la communauté montréalaise qui se distingue des autres communautés étudiées. Le mot interrogatif comment résiste encore à la variante in situ, mais les taux globaux d’utilisation nous permettent de considérer la variante in situ comme faisant partie intégrante de l’interrogation en français québécois oral.
Thèses sur le sujet "Arriere ban"
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Guerreiro, Lucy. « Arrière-ban et noblesse : le service militaire féodal en France (1445-1598) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ANGE0007.
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Au XVe siècle, l’armée royale est composée de plusieurs forces armées et en premier lieu du ban et arrière-ban. Ce service militaire dû au roi par ses vassaux et arrière-vassaux pour la possession d’un fief, perdure même avec la création de l’armée permanente en 1445 par Charles VII. Composé de l’ensemble de la noblesse, c’est principalement au sein de l’arrière-ban que les nobles s’exercent aux armes et assurent la protection de la société. Tout au long du XVIe siècle, le pouvoir royal ne cesse de l’utiliser et de tenter de le réformer afin de le rendre plus efficace et de l’adapter aux nouvelles conditions de la guerre. L’objectif de ce travail est de dresser un portrait de l’institution militaire féodale, de comprendre son organisation et son fonctionnement durant 150 ans, en s’appuyant principalement sur trois types de sources. Les ordonnances et règlements royaux car elles encadrent le service militaire féodal. Les convocations, acte par lequel le roi convoque les nobles et feudataires à la guerre car replacées dans leur contexte, elles nous permettent d’observer les moments où l’arrière-ban est utilisé par le pouvoir royal. Enfin, les rôles, ces listes de noms de feudataires se présentant à la convocation qui contiennent des informations précieuses sur la noblesse notamment les niveaux de revenus et les équipements militaires. Il s’agit d’étudier l’évolution de l’arrière-ban et de voir dans quelle mesure celui-ci est intégré aux guerres de la fin du XVe siècle et du XVIe siècle et d’identifier les missions qui lui sont confiées, à une époque de bouleversements dans les pratiques de la guerre et d’affirmation de l’État moderneDuring the 15th century, the french royal army was composed of several armed forces and primarily the ban and arriere ban. Even with creation of a permanent army in 1445 by Charles VII, the feudal military service due to the king by his vassals for possession of a fief continues. Composed by the whole nobility, it is inside arriere ban that nobles fight and ensure the protection of society. During the 16th century, the royal power never ceased to use it and to try to reform it in order to make it more effective and adapt it to the new conditions of war. As in 1503-1504, where, under Marshal de Gié, a general survey of fiefs of the kingdom was launched. In 1539-1541, Francis I launched a new general survey which resulted in the development of income thresholds associated with a type of military equipment, because type of military service depended on level of feudataries’ incomes.The purpose of this work is to draw a portrait of the feudal military institution, to understand its organization and operating during 150 years with three types of sources. Royal orders and Rules because it rules feudal military service. Convocations, which is the king’s calling nobles and feudataries to war, because it permits to observe when arriere ban is used by the royal power. Finally, the « roles », lists of names of feudataries which contain informations like incomes levels and military equipment. The question is to see how far arriere ban is integrated into the wars of the late 15th and 16th centuries and to identify its missions, in a time of changes at war and affirmation of the Modern State
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Quiban, Romain. « Modélisation des pertes de puissance d’engrenages spiro-coniques lubrifiés par bain d’huile : Application à une boîte de transmission arrière d’hélicoptère ». Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI066.
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Le contexte environnemental actuel conduit l’industrie aéronautique à considérer de nouveaux critères de développement. D’une part, les gouvernements exigent des réductions d’émissions de polluants et d’autre part, les clients, c’est-à-dire les avionneurs, poussent à réduire les consommations de carburants. Ces deux objectifs peuvent être atteints grâce à l’amélioration des performances énergétiques. A ce titre, il est important de comprendre et de quantifier les pertes générées dans les systèmes de transmission de puissances. L’objectif de l’étude présentée dans ce manuscrit est de modéliser les pertes de puissance d’une boîte de transmission arrière d’hélicoptère. Ces boîtes sont généralement caractérisées par la présence d’un engrenage à renvoi d’angle spiro-conique et d’une lubrification par bain d’huile. Une campagne de tests sur un banc d’essai élémentaire a été effectuée afin de mesurer le couple résistant de roues dentées spiro-coniques en rotation dans un bain d’huile. Un phénomène peu commun sur l’évolution du couple avec la vitesse de rotation a été observé. A partir de ces résultats, un modèle analytique simple a été développé pour le calcul de la perte de puissance. Ce modèle a ensuite été validé sur une application réelle de boîte de transmission d’hélicoptère, pour laquelle des mesures de couple résistant et de températures ont été effectuéesThe current environmental context is driving the aeronautic industry towards new design criteria. On the one hand, governments demand emission reductions of pollutants and on the other hand, customers, i.e. aircraft manufacturers, are pushing to reduce fuel consumption. Both of these goals can be achieved through efficiency improvements. As such, it is important to understand and quantify losses generated in power transmission systems. The objective of this study is to model the power losses of an helicopter tail gearbox. These gearboxes are generally characterized by the presence a spiral bevel gear and oil bath lubrication. A test campaign on an elementary test bench was carried out to measure the resistive torque of spiral-bevel wheels rotating in an oil bath. An uncommon evolution of the torque with the rotational speed was observed. From these results, a simple analytical model has been developed for the calculation of power losses. This model was then validated on a tail helicopter gearbox application, for which resistive torque and temperature measurements were made
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Liu, Fanyu. « Caractérisation électrique et modélisation du transport dans matériaux et dispositifs SOI avancés ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT034/document.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à la caractérisation et la modélisation du transport électronique dans des matériaux et dispositifs SOI avancés pour la microélectronique. Tous les matériaux innovants étudiés(ex: SOI fortement dopé, plaques obtenues par collage etc.) et les dispositifs SOI sont des solutions possibles aux défis technologiques liés à la réduction de taille et à l'intégration. Dans ce contexte,l'extraction des paramètres électriques clés, comme la mobilité, la tension de seuil et les courants de fuite est importante. Tout d'abord, la caractérisation classique pseudo-MOSFET a été étendue aux plaques SOI fortement dopées et un modèle adapté pour l'extraction de paramètres a été proposé. Nous avons également développé une méthode électrique pour estimer la qualité de l'interface de collage pour des plaquettes métalliques. Nous avons montré l'effet bipolaire parasite dans des MOSFET SOI totalement désertés. Il est induit par l’effet tunnel bande-à-bande et peut être entièrement supprimé par une polarisation arrière. Sur cette base, une nouvelle méthode a été développée pour extraire le gain bipolaire. Enfin, nous avons étudié l'effet de couplage dans le FinFET SOI double grille, en mode d’inversion. Un modèle analytique a été proposé et a été ensuite adapté aux FinFETs sans jonction(junctionless). Nous avons mis au point un modèle compact pour le profil des porteurs et des techniques d’extraction de paramètresThis thesis is dedicated to the electrical characterization and transport modeling in advanced SOImaterials and devices for ultimate micro-nano-electronics. SOI technology is an efficient solution tothe technical challenges facing further downscaling and integration. Our goal was to developappropriate characterization methods and determine the key parameters. Firstly, the conventionalpseudo-MOSFET characterization was extended to heavily-doped SOI wafers and an adapted modelfor parameters extraction was proposed. We developed a nondestructive electrical method to estimatethe quality of bonding interface in metal-bonded wafers for 3D integration. In ultra-thin fully-depletedSOI MOSFETs, we evidenced the parasitic bipolar effect induced by band-to-band tunneling, andproposed new methods to extract the bipolar gain. We investigated multiple-gate transistors byfocusing on the coupling effect in inversion-mode vertical double-gate SOI FinFETs. An analyticalmodel was proposed and subsequently adapted to the full depletion region of junctionless SOI FinFETs.We also proposed a compact model of carrier profile and adequate parameter extraction techniques forjunctionless nanowires
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Aharrouche, Mohamed. « Étude des performances du calorimètre électromagnétique tonneau d'ATLAS. Mesure de l'asymétrie Avant-Arrière dans les événements $q\bar{q}\rightarrow Z/\gamma^* \rightarrow e^+e^-$ ». Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149228.
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Le démarrage de l'expérience ATLAS auprès du LHC au CERN est prévu pour l'année 2007. Le programme de physique de l'expérience couvre un domaine vaste allant du Modèle Standard (mise en évidence du boson de Higgs) jusqu'au delà avec les nouvelles théories (supersymétrie, dimensions supplémentaires ....etc). Le travail présenté dans cette thèse rentre dans le cadre de préparation au démarrage de cette expérience. Après avoir présenté le run combiné de 2004, ses installations et les analyses des données de calibration et des piédestaux du calorimètre électromagnétique, nous développons une méthode d'étalonnage de l'énergie desélectrons dans le calorimètre électromagnétique basée totalement sur les données de la simulation GEANT4 du run combiné. Nous exposons ensuite l'étude des performances du calorimètre électrom\-agnétique ainsi que les résultats obtenus: un terme d'échantillonnage de la résolution en énergie de 10.6$\%$ GeV$^{0.5}$ et un terme constant local de 0.43$\%$, une non-uniformité de réponse de 0.44$\%$ donnant un terme constant global de 0.6$\%$ et une linéarité en fonction de l'énergie meilleure que 0.2$\%$ pour des énergies d'électrons entre 20 et 250 GeV. Côté simulation de "physique" de cette thèse, nous montrons une première étude sur la détermination de l'angle effectif de mélange $\sin^{2}\theta^{lept}_{eff}$ avec une précision meilleure que les résultats actuels, 10$^{-4}$. Pour atteindre une telle précision il va falloir identifier les électrons dans les régions vers l'avant du détecteur. Ce point fait l'objet de la dernière partie de ce manuscrit, il montre qu'on peut atteindre un taux de rejet électron-jet de 100 avec une efficacité de reconstruction des électrons de 50$\%$, en utilisant une analyse discriminante basée sur les méthodes de Fisher, le
maximum de vraisemblance et les réseaux de neurones.
Livres sur le sujet "Arriere ban"
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Tixier, Eric. Les déclarations de fiefs nobles et roturiers pour la contribution du ban et arrière-ban : 1674, 1675, 1689, 1693 : Sénéchaussée de Riom. Clermont-Ferrand : E. Tixier, 2004.
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Cécile, Sauvan, dir. Je déchire au lycée : 40 conseils pour arriver au bac sans galère. Paris : Librio, 2014.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Arriere ban"
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Howard, Gary C., et Matthew R. Kaser. « Humans Arrive ». Dans Making and Unmaking of San Diego Bay, 57–66. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429487460-6.
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Rijke, Victoria de, Jayne Osgood et Laura-Rosa. « Chapter 10. Down the back of a chair ». Dans Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition, 152–70. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clcc.16.10rij.
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In this chapter, the authors work with Ursula Le Guin’s (1986) Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction to offer a reconfiguration of “the book” in childhood contexts. Attending to the relational agencies generated from messy entanglements of (hence hyphenated) reader-book-child-chair-cat-lice-mites, they feel their way around to arrive at other ideas about what books are, what books do, and what else they might potentiate in contemporary imaginations of “the child”. Le Guin retells the story of human origin by redefining technology as a cultural “carrier bag” rather than a weapon of domination. The authors offer a scrabbling methodology of “research-creation”: a method of scrabbling “down the back of the chair” (both literally and metaphorically). This feminist methodology attunes to assemblages of odds and ends, hair and dust mites, children’s literature and child readers and facilitates an exploration of the intersectional, relational meanings that might tell us something else about childhood in the Anthropocene.
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Bandelli, Daniela. « The Italian Case : A Strong Opposition in the Name of Women’s Sexual Identity and Motherhood ». Dans Sociological Debates on Gestational Surrogacy, 105–21. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80302-5_7.
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AbstractSurrogacy is prohibited by law in Italy but it is increasingly undergone abroad by Italian aspiring parents. Although the majority of couples resorting to surrogacy internationally are heterosexuals, the surrogacy debate in Italy intertwines with discussions on homo-parenting and the problem of children born through surrogacy abroad, remaining in a legal limbo once they arrive in Italy. Since 2015, Italian feminists, led by the feminist group Senonoraquando-Libere (Snoq-L), in alliance with French feminists, have mobilized for the universal ban of surrogacy and the enforcement of surrogacy national prohibition, along with saying no to attempts of legalization promoted by same-sex families and civil rights organizations. Italian feminists are engaging in a battle that presently, and until surrogacy will be prohibited by law, does not closely pertain to the exploitation or commodification of women in the country, but to the commodification of women in other countries of the world, and more broadly to the theoretical notion of “the woman”. Although there are other feminists who do not agree with the abolitionist demand, this case study does not identify a structured regulatory or pro-surrogacy feminist front.
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Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker et Ronald D. Ekers. « The Final Year, 1962 ». Dans Historical & ; Cultural Astronomy, 695–719. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_40.
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AbstractI.I. Rabi, President of Associated Universities, Inc in New York to Wild on 20 August 1962:On 26 January 1962, Pawsey began organising a 1-month stay in Green Bank for March, an orientation visit. After the US, he planned to go to Paris to visit his daughter Margaret and her family, then continue back to Sydney via India. He hoped to arrive back in Sydney by 24 April 1962, Hastings Pawsey’s 17th birthday. As expected, Pawsey arranged his trip to the US and Europe in order to meet colleagues. In Pasadena on the way to New York, Green Bank and Washington, he planned to meet Gordon Stanley and Otto Struve. Later he was to meet Rabi in Boston in early March, just before his visit to Green Bank, which was to start about 20 March. These plans were outlined in a letter to Rabi on 26 January 1962, explaining that his home base in the US would his brother-in-law’s (Ted Nicoll) house in Princeton, New Jersey. Pawsey wrote:On 31 January 1962, Rabi replied, again with a handwritten letter: “I have set the machinery in train to help with your visit to make you an [NRAO] employee during the period [March-April] … Your visit will come at a crucial time [for the 140-foot telescope].” On the same day, Charles Dunbar, Secretary of AUI, wrote Pawsey with the details of the temporary visa process, the filing of a petition for permission to import a non-immigrant alien. Since Pawsey was “an alien of distinguished merit and ability”, the expectation was that the process would go smoothly. In fact, within 2 weeks, the NSF reported to AUI (15 February 1961, Dunbar to Pawsey) that “our petition to import you from Australia has been granted by [Immigration and Naturalisation Service]”. Dunbar was surprised: “I had no idea that such rapid action could be secured.”
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« arrière-ban, n. » Dans Oxford English Dictionary. 3e éd. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/1030829465.
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« THE NEW GUYS ARRIVE ». Dans Bad Boys, Bad Times, 125–41. Ohio University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv224tz98.14.
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Howard, Gary C., et Matthew R. Kaser. « Humans Arrive ». Dans Making and Unmaking of the San Francisco Bay, 53–64. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429487491-6-6.
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Nicosia, Marissa. « Bad News ». Dans Imagining Time in the English Chronicle Play, 111–41. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198872658.003.0005.
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Abstract Chapter 4 connects the chronicle plays written for the public stage to the play pamphlet, a hybrid of printed professional drama, pamphlet literature, and contemporary journalism that responded to the political crises of the English Civil Wars and revolution. The chapter demonstrates that play pamphlets transform formal and material features from chronicle plays to imagine succession gone wrong, political distress, and temporal confusion with the ultimate goal of inspiring readers to take direct action. The Levellers Levell’d critiques a burgeoning new social movement and the future it imagines for the nation by taking it to task for circulating The Agreement of the People as a printed pamphlet. The Craftie Cromwell series proposes a future in which Cromwell becomes king to encourage royalist readers to prevent that future at whatever cost. These brief, timely plays imagine futures that their authors hope will never arrive.
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Grimmett, Geoffrey R., et David R. Stirzaker. « Random processes ». Dans One Thousand Exercises in Probability, 97–100. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198572213.003.0008.
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Abstract The two tellers in a bank each take an exponentially distributed time to deal with any customer; their parameters are λ and μ respectively. You arrive to find exactly two customers present, each occupying a teller.
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Whitman, Walt. « The Wounded from Chancellorsville ». Dans Specimen Days. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198861386.003.0033.
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May, ’63. — As I write this, the wounded have begun to arrive from Hooker’s command from bloody Chancellorsville. I was down among the first arrivals. The men in charge told me the bad cases were yet to come. If that is so I pity them,...
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Arriere ban"
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Savell, C. T., et P. A. Decker. « Corrosion Expert Tool for Vehicle Design ». Dans CORROSION 2002, 1–24. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02156.
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Abstract This paper describes the development of an expert tool for vehicle design that assists the designer in avoiding bad design decisions, which may cause corrosion problems during the life of the vehicle. The tool is an autonomous agent installed as part of designer's CAD/CAE system. It uses an AI Expert Production System containing Rules in its Knowledge Base and an Inference Engine that compares these stored Rules with the information (Facts) provided by the designer and CAD/CAE software. An important enhancement in this system not found in most Expert Systems is an Uncertainty Processor. The Uncertainty Processor calculates the estimated uncertainty (and its precision) associated with the delivered proposed conclusion. This is accomplished by calculating the cumulative values determined by propagating and combining the estimated error and precision found in each and every Rule and Fact used in the chaining logic required in arriving at the proposed final conclusion. Also included is a Knowledge Acquisition Facility used by corrosion and vehicle design experts to load supporting knowledge and Rules into the Knowledge Base, and an on-demand Explanation Facility to detail the logic used by the system to arrive at the conclusion.
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Savell, C. Thomas, Bob Baboian, Russ Kane, Pete Ault, I. Carl Handsy, Gavin Nunns, Paolo Mosna et Maurizio Borsotto. « Intelligent Agents for Corrosion Prevention in New Vehicle Design ». Dans CORROSION 2003, 1–30. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03218.
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Abstract This paper describes the development of an expert tool for vehicle design that assists the designer in avoiding bad design decisions, which may cause corrosion problems during the life of the vehicle. The tool is an autonomous agent installed as part of designer's CAD/CAE system. It uses a Hybrid Expert Production System containing Rules in its Knowledge Base and both an Inference Engine that compares these stored Rules with the information (Facts) provided by the designer and CAD/CAE software and a Bayesian Network for processing uncertainty in the facts and rules. An important enhancement in this system not found in most Expert Systems is an Uncertainty Processor. The Bayesian Net calculates the cumulative uncertainty determined by propagating and combining the estimated error found in each and every Rule and Fact used in the chaining logic required in arriving at the proposed final conclusion. Also included is a Knowledge Acquisition Facility used by corrosion and vehicle design experts to load supporting knowledge and Rules into the Knowledge Base, and an on-demand Explanation Facility to detail the logic used by the system to arrive at the conclusion. The model is verified by simulating the galvanic corrosion of a truck door latch during Accelerated Corrosion Testing.
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Al-Harthi, A. S. M., J. G. de Jong et S. Huizinga. « Evaluating the SCC Chloride Limit for UNS S31603 in Sour Service ». Dans CORROSION 2013, 1–13. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02676.
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Abstract ISO15156 / NACE MR0175 1 Part 3 table A.2 allows pH2S = 1bar up to 60°C with “any” chloride concentration and pH for the use of UNS S31603. Hence, it was recommended to evaluate UNS S31603 for the flow lines, trunk lines and equipment in one of the projects in the Middle East. A detailed program of laboratory testing was designed which consisted of duplicate Cyclic Slow Strain Rate Tests (CSSRT) to verify the ISO15156 / NACE MR0175 1 limits for sour service cracking resistance of UNS S31603. It included representative environmental conditions for the application. Testing was planned to be carried out first on UNS S31603 plate produced according to ASTM A240 2 specification and later during the detailed design project phase on specimens containing a weld. The testing program started with the validation of the ISO limit for UNS S31603 and continued with application specific conditions. Cyclic Slow Strain Rate Tests (also known as Ripple Strain Rate Tests, RSRT) were conducted at a third party laboratory as per NACE Corrosion/97 paper P97058 3. The test matrix included nine (9) sour environments and the testing sequence was determined by the test results. This resulted in only three (3) environments being tested. It was concluded that accepting “any chloride concentration” for UNS S31603 as per ISO15156 / NACE MR0175 Part 3 table A.2 is too optimistic since testing at 1 bar H2S at 60 °C with 230,000 mg/kg NaCl gave a fail result. Lowering the concentration to 132,000 mg/kg NaCl gave a pass, showing this concentration to be acceptable. To arrive at a less conservative limit than this concentration testing at intermediate chloride levels is required. The current testing program concluded that UNS S31603 stainless steel cannot be used under at least some of the expected operating conditions (represented by cases 1-6 in Table 2).
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Wang, L. M., P. P. Ho, C. Liu, C. Zhang et R. R. Alfano. « Picosecond time-resolved imaging of point and plane objects inside highly scattered turbid media ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tudd1.
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It has been recently demonstrated1 that the ballistic component (photons that arrive first) through random media can be separated in time from the diffused scattering component. This report addresses time-resolved two-dimensional imaging of the ballistic signal emanating from point and plane objects located in turbid media. We used an ultrafast Kerr gating system, consisting of a mode-locked ps glass laser, a CS2 Kerr shutter, and a two-dimensional change-coupled device camera with 600400 spatial resolution to record the images. A pair of 200 m point sources separated by 400 m in water solution with scattering beads, was resolved using a fluorescence time gating. A U.S. Air Force bar-test chart was placed inside the water solution filled with beads at OD = 4. The diffused and ballistic signals from the chart were imaged at different times. At T = 0, we obtained a clear bar image with the spatial resolution 500 m. These key observations are the result of ballistic photons arriving first at the Kerr gate. When the gating time was delayed, the images broadened and blurred. The time difference between the ballistic and the diffusive scattering components was measured to be 15 ps.
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Muhammad Zeki Mahmood, Firas. « Design and implementation of microstrip directional coupler for satellite communication application ». Dans 4th International Conference on Communication Engineering and Computer Science (CIC-COCOS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cocos2022/paper.810.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper proposes to design a microstrip directional coupler with a -10 dB coupling factor with high directivity working in S-band within frequency 2.25 GHz by using Aktarzad, ROW Botham and Jones way to give high accuracy. The calculation of shape ratio w/h and space ratio s/h synthesis by Bryant and Weiss technique. The paper takes all the representation of design by using the calculations of main parameters and Computer-aided design - CAD to arrive at the optimization case. The manufactured device by using Rogers 3003 microwave board and is measured by a spectrum network analyzer. The comparison between the results of software and practical measurements gives perfect close results. This paper shows the better steps to design the parameters of a microstrip directional coupler with high directivity
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B, Prabakaran. « Influence of Intake Air Temperature, Nozzle Opening Pressure and Fuel Injection Timing on the performance of Variable Compression Ratio Engine fueled with Biobutanol and Pyrolised Waste Plastic Oil ». Dans WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0322.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Disposal of waste plastic materials is a challenge in today's scenario and disposal of waste vegetables and fruits are costing very high. This work is to use biobutanol from the waste vegetables and fruits along with pyrolyzed waste plastic oil to replace diesel. Various proportions of biobutanol (0-50%) and plastic oil (0-50%) are prepared and tested for solubility and properties. The obtained properties are compared with diesel engine fuel base properties to select a blend that possesses closer properties. The chosen blend is tested for performance in various intake air temperatures (50, 75 and 100°C); one of the temperatures among the three which is producing higher thermal efficiency is considered for further testing. Other parameters nozzle opening pressure (190, 200 and 210 bar), Fuel Injection Timing (23, 26 and 29° before top dead centre) and Compression Ratios (16: 1, 17.5:1 and 19:1) are tabulated with respect to L9 Orthogonal array cum Taguchi method to arrive at optimal parameters combination. These parameters are deployed and the chosen blend is tested for various load conditions for performance. The results of the properties depicted that 85% of plastic oil and 15% of biobutanol blend is found suitable to replace diesel. The intake air temperature of 75°C is producing the highest thermal efficiency among the three intake air temperatures. The optimal level of the other three parameters is a 19:1 compression ratio, 26° before the top dead centre of fuel injection timing and 210 bar of the nozzle opening pressure with respect to the thermal efficiency and oxides of nitrogen emissions from the engine when fueled with the chosen blend. This produces marginally higher carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions at low brake power conditions lower than 50% of rated power. The cost of the chosen blend works out to 0.82 dollars per litre against 1.21 dollars per litre in India.</div></div>
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Yi, M., P. Ashok, D. Ramos, J. Pearce, G. Hickin, T. Peroyea, S. White, T. Thetford et M. Behounek. « Field Deployment of a Real-Time Bit Pull Advisory System ». Dans SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214608-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract During well construction, it is important to know when a bit is damaged to the point where it must be tripped out and replaced with a new bit. Continuing to drill with a damaged bit or pulling out a bit prematurely are both bad decisions leading to increased drilling costs. A bit pull advisory system was therefore developed and deployed in the field to help the rig crew make better informed bit pull decisions. A bit degradation metric was first developed to estimate the wear on the drill bit as it is drilling. This bit degradation metric utilized a physics-based model to be generalizable both for vertical as well as horizontal wells. Next this metric along with other trends in data were combined using a Bayesian network to arrive at a bit effectiveness belief. This was then further combined with calculations of the time to trip out a damaged bit and replace it with a new bit, to arrive at bit pull beliefs for various scenarios of expected future ROP and distance to total depth (TD). The bit degradation metric was first applied offline on 80 historical wells that consisted of wells drilled in Egypt, North Sea and the US land, and verified to a high degree of accuracy. It was then integrated into a drilling data aggregator and deployed in the field. The physics-based model utilized in the calculation of the bit degradation metric required contextual data, which was automatically routed to the data aggregator from various data sources. The bit pull beliefs for a range of expected ROPs and distance to TD were made available both as channels that can be visualized in vertical charts as well as a heat map. When a bit pull belief suggested a trip out, the driller was first asked to monitor for drilling dysfunctions such as stick slip, bit balling, whirl, etc., and attempt to correct it. Failing that, the bit was to be pulled out. This system is now operational on rigs in Egypt, North Sea and the US, and the response from the field personnel has been positive to date. This is the first drill bit damage tracking advisory that has been deployed on a rig site data aggregator. Using the bit degradation metric and the bit pull beliefs, the rig site team is always able to determine the extent of damage to the bit and whether the bit must be pulled out or not. The system thus helps in reducing ILT and NPT costs by reducing the time drilled with damaged bits and eliminating premature trips out.
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Bacsardi, Laszlo, et Laszlo Csurgai Horvath. « Establishment of the Space Engineering Program in Hungary ». Dans Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.068.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Hungarian space age started in 1946 with the successful Lunar Radar experiment by Zoltán Bay. In the past 75 years, the Hungarian space sector evolved and grew dramatically, achieving international recognition in space communications, material science, picosatellites, dosimetry, and many more domains. However, there was no space engineering related higher education program in the country. After hosting the 2nd Symposium on Space Educational Activities in 2018 in Budapest, there was an emerging need for starting a space program for engineering students. A summer workshop organized by the Hungarian Astronautical Society in 2018 fostered further the process, and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) officially initialized the establishment of the space engineering master curriculum in 2019. By the end of 2020, the relevant ministry approved the national space engineering master curriculum. This means that every Hungarian university, which has the necessary competences, can start a space engineering program for their students. In early 2021, the BME Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics at BME requested approval for its space engineering master program. In October 2021, the relevant body approved the program, allowing the first class of space engineering students to arrive to the university in September 2022. The Hungarian space engineering master curriculum is a 2-year-long master program for 120 credits (in the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, ECTS). The master's program at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics has 26 subjects and a 4-week-long industrial training. We outline the establishment process of the national space engineering curriculum and introduce the curriculum of BME
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Bhardwaj, Divyanshu, Sachin Patil, Sauradeep Datta, Sunny Pawar et Derek Dougherty. « Study of Critical Vias Design Parameters for Power Electronics Thermal Management ». Dans Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0317.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the advent of wide band gap semiconductor devices like SiC based MOSFETs/Diodes, there is a growing demand for utilizing electrical power instead of the conventional fuel-based power generation in both automotive and aerospace industry. In automotive/aerospace industry the focus on electrification has resulted in a need for sub-systems like inverters, power distribution units, motor controllers, DC-DC converters that actively utilize SiC based power electronics devices. To address the growing power density requirements for electronics in next generation product families, more efficient & reliable thermal management solution plays a critical role. The effective thermal management of the power electronics is also critical aspect to ensure overall system reliability. The conventional thermal management system (TMS) optimization targets heat sink/ cold plate design parameters like fin spacing, thickness, height etc. or sizing of the required cooling pump/fan. This paper focuses on reducing the thermal resistance offered by printed circuit boards (PCBs) with the use of Via-in-pad technology embedded inside the PCBs for power electronics thermal management. In this work Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling has been extensively used to study different Vias arrangements and arrive at an optimum design. The critical parameters associated with the design of thermal Vias like spacing, diameter, plating thickness and conductive fill have been studied and the optimized PCB design has been prototyped and tested to validate the analysis findings. The studies presented in this paper will help in optimizing the cooling architecture for power electronics assemblies used in automotive and aerospace industry that will enhance system reliability.</div></div>
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Mohammadzadeh, Ali, Nael Barakat et Salim Haidar. « Synthesis and Dynamic Analysis of a Quick-Return Mechanism Using MATLAB and SIMULINK ». Dans ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41441.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The approach adopted in this work is an attempt to introduce students, in kinematics and dynamics of machinery course, to a complete design and analysis of function generation mechanisms via analytical methods. Although the approach implemented in this work is for function generation type of mechanisms, the concept is indeed extendable to the other types of mechanisms as well. As a project in the kinematics and dynamics of machinery class, students designed, and analyzed a four bar quick-return mechanism using MATLAB and SIMULINK as the primary software tools. One of the aims of this project was to abandon the traditional graphical synthesis and graphical analysis, covered in all the mechanisms textbooks, and to use the powerful combination of MATLAB and SIMULINK to implement the entire design and analysis process. The project, given to an undergraduate class, serves also as a prologue to future advanced courses in mechanical engineering, such as multi-body dynamics. In implementing the dimensional synthesis portion of the project, students employed complex number arithmetic to realize the design specifications. Once the design specifications were met, a known motor torque was applied to the crank to drive the mechanism. With the known geometric and inertial properties of each link, Lagrange’s equations for constraint motion were then utilized to arrive at the second order differential equations of motion. SIMULINK, as a user friendly graphical interface, was used to carry out the integration to obtain angular position, velocity, and acceleration of the designed mechanism. The project also calculates the reaction loads on the mechanism using the concepts of Newtonian mechanics. The project, though rigorous, is an excellent way to force students to practice their knowledge of dynamics and numerical methods. The project, certainly, meets the ABET criteria for implementing design in mechanical engineering curriculum. The author received positive feedbacks from his students with regard to this project.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Arriere ban"
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Li, Howell, Tom Platte, Jijo K. Mathew, W. Benjamin Smith, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza et Darcy M. Bullock. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Reassess Dilemma Zone Performance of Heavy Vehicles. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317321.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The rate of fatalities at signalized intersections involving heavy vehicles is nearly five times higher than for passenger vehicles in the US. Previous studies in the US have found that heavy vehicles are twice as likely to violate a red light compared with passenger vehicles. Current technologies leverage setback detection to extend green time for a particular phase and are based upon typical deceleration rates for passenger cars. Furthermore, dilemma zone detectors are not effective when the max out time expires and forces the onset of yellow. This study proposes the use of connected vehicle (CV) technology to trigger force gap out (FGO) before a vehicle is expected to arrive within the dilemma zone limit at max out time. The method leverages position data from basic safety messages (BSMs) to map-match virtual waypoints located up to 1,050 ft in advance of the stop bar. For a 55 mph approach, field tests determined that using a 6 ft waypoint radius at 50 ft spacings would be sufficient to match 95% of BSM data within a 5% lag threshold of 0.59 s. The study estimates that FGOs reduce dilemma zone incursions by 34% for one approach and had no impact for the other. For both approaches, the total dilemma zone incursions decreased from 310 to 225. Although virtual waypoints were used for evaluating FGO, the study concludes by recommending that trajectory-based processing logic be incorporated into controllers for more robust support of dilemma zone and other emerging CV applications.
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The Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism : 2012 Annual Report. Inter-American Development Bank, mars 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005883.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During 2012, the Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (ICIM) carried out a range of activities and reached a number of important milestones that provided a wealth of lessons learned. The IDB Board of Executive Directors' strong support for the ICIM was made clear by its acceptance of all the recommendations in the ICIM Panel's first Compliance Review Report for the Pando-Monte Lirio Hydroelectric Program (PN-MICI001-2010). The Consultation Phase handled a full caseload during the year, managing six simultaneous dialogues, each addressing a range of issues and concerns. The nature and interests of the different cases, as well as the reasons behind them, required deep analysis and a full understanding of the concerns involved in order to provide effective support as a mediator. Learning from the management of these cases from the moment they arrive at the ICIM has been an ongoing process not only for the Mechanism but for the Bank as a whole. The lessons learned and the precedents set will help the ICIM, the Bank, and external stakeholders in their joint quest for more sustainable development. As part of the institutional strengthening process of the accountability function, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight carried out a policy review exercise in 2012. This valuable exercise has become part of all accountability mechanisms, and for the ICIM it highlighted weaknesses in structure, procedure, and response capacity that the Mechanism looks to address going forward. The ICIM closes 2012 facing clearly identified challenges but with a firm commitment to move ahead and implement change where it may be needed. Today, the accountability function within the Bank is a given. It is our responsibility, and that of all stakeholders, to learn from our experiences and make our work better, which in turn will help the Bank improve its operations and the region grow in a more sustainable fashion.