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1
Lahno, O. P. « The Beginnings of the Opposition Movement in the Environment of Evangelical Baptist Christians during the 1950s ». Ukrainian Religious Studies, no 47 (3 juin 2008) : 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2008.47.1956.
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During the Soviet-German war, the Soviet upper party leadership of the USSR decided to unify state religious policy, leading the movement to unite various Protestant organizations into a single governing spiritual center of the six churches. The secular atheist power sought to fully subdue all religious movements in the USSR in order to establish full control over the believing population of the Soviet Union and the spiritual sphere of life of Soviet citizens. Not all believers liked this prospect, and they tried to resist this "unbelievers" pressure.
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Ayusheeva, Marina V. « Anti-Religious Printed Propaganda in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic : A Case Study of the Erdem ba Shazhan Magazine ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no 458 (2020) : 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/458/16.
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The article analyzes anti-religious propaganda in the early 1920s in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the example of the magazine Erdem ba Shazhan [Science and Religion]. An important component of the state policy in the antireligious struggle in the republic was the Regional Union of Atheists, created in Verkhneudinsk on December 2, 1926. The publication of Erdem ba Shazhan in the Mongolian script was aimed at covering the gap of specialized literature on anti-religious propaganda. While analyzing issues of the magazine stored in the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, research methods of historical science were used. The source study method has revealed the significance of the magazine as a source for studying atheistic propaganda and introducing a new socialist ideology in Buryat society. Erdem ba Shazhan was a methodological guide for a wide network of circles of the League of Militant Atheists. The magazine described the anti-religious events held in the republic, discredited false religious postulates, and propagandized the new Soviet style of life. For instance, the magazine published scientific disputes with lamas about the essence of religion. The analysis of the contents of Erdem ba Shazhan shows that educational issues were aimed at the broad promotion of the new life and eradication of religious remnants occupied more than a half of its volume. The magazine had no thematic sections, but it is possible to identify several main headings: propaganda and educational materials, popular scientific articles, short news, literary life. The “short news” part presented items on the activities of not only the Union of Atheists, but also of the first scientific organization—Buruchkom. The history of overcoming religiousness and inculcating the new ideology found reflection in the works of fiction the magazine published. Young writers, scientists, and educators (Kh. Namsaraev, Ts. Don, D. Madason) collaborated with Erdem ba Shazhan. The magazine also contained visual materials: photos, drawings, caricatures. It is worth noting the original design of the magazine cover made by Ts. Sampilov. Along with other publications in the Mongolian script, Erdem ba Shazhan promoted the development of atheistic education. The magazine illustrated the most diverse aspects of the life of the Buryat population with an emphasis on the scientific nature of events. Thus, the publication of the magazine Erdem ba Shazhan had a significant impact on the development of the atheistic movement in the republic, along with more accessible forms of printed propaganda in the form of posters and other visual means, such as cinema and theater. In general, this magazine compensated for the lack of specialized literature in the Buryat language, being the only methodological guide for a network of atheist cells in rural areas.
3
Podoksenov, Aleksandr Modestovich. « The ideas of F. M. Dostoyevsky in the work of Mikhail Prishvin “The Story of Our Time” ». Философия и культура, no 2 (février 2020) : 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2020.2.31939.
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The subject of this article consists in analysis of the influence of Dostoevsky’s religious-ethical ideas upon the works of Prishvin; as well as in studying the historical and cultural context of his views on possibility on realization of the ideals of Christian love in Soviet society, even in the conditions of militant atheism and violence of the ongoing Great Patriotic War. It is demonstrated that for revealing that substantive essences of reality Prishvin uses various concepts, which is testified by a range of the relevant worldview ideas present in the semantic field of this texts. Comparing the assessments given by Dostoyevsky and Prishvin with regards to revolutionary movement, the author determines metatext, which allows better understanding Prishvin’s apprehension of main trends in the development of social existence and awareness of his time. The scientific novelty consists in analysis of the context of Prishvin’s reasoning on the ways for overcoming spiritual disunity of the Russian society, in which the Orthodox worldview of a significant part of population collides with the ideology of Bolshevism. Through the artistic being of his characters, the writer elucidates how at the time of Fascist invasion, the life itself demonstrates the triumph of Orthodox faith, to which the Russian people hold true despite the pressure of a harsh atheist state.
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Simpson, Steve, Christine Clifford, Kaz Ross, Neil Sefton, Louise Owen, Leigh Blizzard et Richard Turner. « Sexual health literacy of the student population of the University of Tasmania : results of the RUSSL Study ». Sexual Health 12, no 3 (2015) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14223.
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Background Evidence suggests a varied level of sexual health literacy (SHL) among university student populations, so we evaluated the SHL among students at the University of Tasmania. Methods: Students were invited to complete an anonymous online questionnaire during August/September 2013. SHL was assessed using the ARCSHS National Survey of Australian Secondary Students & Sexual Health (ARC) and the Sexual Health Questionnaire (SHS). Predictors of literacy scores were evaluated by linear regression. Results: The study recruited 1786 participants (8.2% of 2013 student population), of similar composition to the general university population. Female sex, older age, sexual education, and sexual experience were significant predictors of SHL. As hypothesised, students in medical/nursing disciplines had the highest SHL. Less expected were the significant differences by birthplace and religious affiliation, many of which persisted on adjustment for confounders. Compared with Australian/New Zealander students, overseas-born students had significantly lower ARC (–3.6%, P < 0.001) & SHS (–4.2%, P < 0.001); this was driven by Malaysian, Indian, and Chinese students. Compared with agnostic/atheist-identifying students, those of Buddhist (ARC: –5.4%, P = 0.014; SHS: –6.7%, P = 0.002), Hindu (ARC: –8.8%, P = 0.098; SHS: –12.2%, P = 0.027), Muslim (ARC: –16.5%, P < 0.001; SHS: –13.4%, P = 0.001) and Protestant (ARC: –2.3%, P = 0.023; SHS: –4.4%, P < 0.001) identifications had markedly lower SHL. Conclusions: This study, one of the first among university students in Australia, found a varied SHL by sex, age, sexual education and sexual experience, as well as by birthplace and religious affiliation. These findings have applications in orientation and education programs at Australian universities.
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Barnes, M. Elizabeth, Julie A. Roberts, Samantha A. Maas et Sara E. Brownell. « Muslim undergraduate biology students’ evolution acceptance in the United States ». PLOS ONE 16, no 8 (11 août 2021) : e0255588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255588.
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Evolution is a prominent component of biology education and remains controversial among college biology students in the United States who are mostly Christian, but science education researchers have not explored the attitudes of Muslim biology students in the United States. To explore perceptions of evolution among Muslim students in the United States, we surveyed 7,909 college students in 52 biology classes in 13 states about their acceptance of evolution, interest in evolution, and understanding of evolution. Muslim students in our sample, on average, did not agree with items that measured acceptance of macroevolution and human evolution. Further, on average, Muslim students agreed, but did not strongly agree with items measuring microevolution acceptance. Controlling for gender, major, race/ethnicity, and international status, we found that the evolution acceptance and interest levels of Muslim students were slightly higher than Protestant students and students who are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. However, Muslim student evolution acceptance levels were significantly lower than Catholic, Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu students as well as students who did not identify with a religion (agnostic and atheists). Muslim student understanding of evolution was similar to students from other affiliations, but was lower than agnostic and atheist students. We also examined which variables are associated with Muslim student acceptance of evolution and found that higher understanding of evolution and lower religiosity are positive predictors of evolution acceptance among Muslim students, which is similar to the broader population of biology students. These data are the first to document that Muslim students have lower acceptance of evolution compared to students from other affiliations in undergraduate biology classrooms in the United States.
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Goron, Alin. « Promotion of Atheism as a Principle of the Communist Ideology - Case Study : Romania ». ATHENS JOURNAL OF HISTORY 7, no 2 (18 février 2021) : 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.7-2-2.
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The Communist ideology called for the denial of Christianity as a form of "mysticism" filled with "superstitions", but particularly as one of the factors that impeded social, economic and cultural progress. Scientific socialism, however, was meant to awaken class consciousness, setting Romanian society on a path towards true modernity. Thus a real battle ensued on the ideological front between two entities, the secular and ecclesiastical authorities, arising from the divide between traditional religious beliefs and atheist Marxism. The actions of the authorities against religious propaganda included both practical measures, which involved activities that filled the free time of the villagers, but also coercive measures consisting in political pressure or arrests. In spite of the communist regime's efforts to impose its own cultural agenda, the effects were long overdue, with rather modest results. Romania's forced development was faced with some inherent problems of the process of modernization and industrialization. The forced imposition of a foreign ideology to a conservative Eastern European area relying on obsolete mindsets, a society where 80% of the population lived in rural areas as of the end of the Second World War, required a longer period of time than the regime had originally planned.
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Harrisville, David. « Unholy Crusaders : The Wehrmacht and the Reestablishment of Soviet Churches during Operation Barbarossa ». Central European History 52, no 4 (décembre 2019) : 620–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938919000876.
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AbstractDuring the summer and fall of 1941, as they took part in Operation Barbarossa—the invasion of the Soviet Union—Wehrmacht personnel paused to reopen churches that had been shuttered by the communist regime. These events, which drew enormous crowds, brought together conquerors and conquered in a surprising display of shared faith before being halted by a directive from the Führer. This article addresses the question of why they took place at all, given the genocidal nature of the campaign in which they were embedded, as well as what they can tell us about the role of religion in the Wehrmacht, its relationship to Nazi ideology, and the nature of the military occupation. The reopening ceremonies, it is argued, were the spontaneous outcome of a number of interrelated factors, including Nazi rhetoric, the pent-up yearnings of Soviet Christians, and above all the vision of the invasion as a religious crusade against an atheist power adopted by many chaplains and soldiers. Although often overlooked, religion remained a powerful force in the Wehrmacht, one that could serve both to undermine and justify Nazi goals. Further, the reopenings demonstrate the army's capacity for flexibility in its dealings with the population, particularly during the war's opening months.
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Bulavin, Maksim V. « Reading in the System of the Soviet Antireligious Propagauda of 1920th - first half 1930th (on an example of Middle Urals) ». Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no 2 (27 avril 2012) : 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2012-0-2-59-63.
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The researches in the history of religiousness and atheism of the soviet society demand the analysis of the methods used in the atheistic propaganda. The author of the article assesses the role of reading of antireligious literature in the system of atheistic propaganda in the Middle Ural in 1920-1930s and shows the factors strengthening or weakening its impact on the population.
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Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, et Sujit John. « Is Hinduism ambivalent about suicide ? » International Journal of Social Psychiatry 64, no 5 (22 mai 2018) : 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764018777523.
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Background: Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world and has over 1.1 billion adherents comprising about 16% of the global population living mainly in India and Nepal. The stand of Hinduism on suicide has been ambiguous through the ages, on one hand, condemning general suicides, while condoning religious suicides on the other. This ambiguity is reflected in contemporary India and among the Indian diaspora. Aims: To examine the stand of Hinduism as a religion in the context of suicide. Method: A selected review of literature covering the major Hindu religious texts, cultural practices and suicide. Results: People who follow Hinduism have a suicide rate of about 21 per 100,000 population compared to the global average of 11.4. Hindu countries have higher rates of suicide compared to Islamic and Christian countries, but these rates are lower when compared to Atheist and Buddhist countries. This is reflected in the Indian diaspora as well with reports from Fiji, the Caribbean, Malaysia and the United Kingdom, indicating that suicide was disproportionately high among those of Indian origin. However, a strong faith in Hinduism acts as protective factor. The Hindu belief in karma fosters a sense of acceptance of the vicissitudes of life with equanimity, and the belief in the cycle of births and deaths renders suicide meaningless, as one’s soul continues after death. Their religious beliefs makes the Hindus tolerate and accept hardships and calamities stoically. Conclusion: In certain situations, the Hindu religion acts as a protective factor, whereas at other times, it may increase the risk of suicide. It is important to understand these different nuances in the Hindu religion in formulating a culturally appropriate suicide prevention strategy.
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Klimova, Svetlana, et Elena Molostova. « “Scientific Atheism” in Action ». Forum Philosophicum 18, no 2 (5 janvier 2014) : 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2013.1802.10.
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This paper discusses the methodological challenges of Soviet sociology of religion in the period between 1960 and 1989, when it was charged with the contradictory task of investigating the actual standing of religion in Soviet society and, at the same time, with proposing methods through which the official “scientific atheism,” deeply rooted in Marxism, could be imposed upon the very populations that were the subject of its inquiries. The authors propose an insight into the actual practices of the researchers, based on little-known archival materials from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. The materials adduced by the authors show the various ways in which Soviet believers were surveyed and in which questionnaires were constructed, illustrating the modes of argumentation used in atheist propaganda conducted alongside such surveys, and giving a rare glimpse into the methodological discussions that were taking place at conferences organized by the Institute of Scientific Atheism. The authors track also the sociological conceptions and typologies adopted by Soviet sociology.
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PUYDA, ROMAN. « THE STRUGGLE OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITY AGAINST THE «REMNANTS OF UNIAT» IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR AT THE BREAK OF THE 1970s – 1980s ». Skhid 2, no 2 (15 septembre 2021) : 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(2).239428.
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The key methods of the Ukrainian SSR party authorities to counter the attempts of reviving the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the western Ukrainian regions at the break of the 80s-90s of the XX century were considered. It was noted that in the late 1970s in this region, particularly in Galicia, Greek-Catholic believers and the clergy measurably intensified their activity, which was evident mainly in houses of worship attendance, traditional rites observance, letters issued to the Council for Religious Affairs of the Soviet Union Ministers with the requirement to register religious communities, clandestine ordination of the clergy, etc. It was stated that in order to counter the religious influence intensification of the Russian Orthodox Church on the population, as well as to prevent negative anti-social manifestations of «remnants of Uniat», local Communist Party committees and Soviet authorities carried out a number of propaganda and mass political events to expose anti-Soviet religious ideology, in particular, «the reactionary role of the Uniat Church in the history of the Ukrainian people». It was noted that the Communist Party of Ukraine took concrete measures to step up anti-religious propaganda in Western Ukrainian regions, as well as to promote the advantages of the Soviet mode of life. It was alleged that the activities of Greek Ca¬tholic believers were discussed at the Council for Religious Affairs of the Soviet Union Ministers sessions of the Ukrainian SSR in the regions of Western Ukraine, party rallies at different levels, meetings of the ideological activists of the regions, seminars of cultural and educational wor¬kers, district and regional atheist conferences. It was noted that the Communist Party of Ukraine paid considerable attention to the media, which should have covered the historical aspects of the «anti-popular backbone of Uniat Church».
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Rappaport, Margaret Boone, et Christopher Corbally. « How an Advanced Neurocognitive Human Trait for Religious Capacity Fails to Form ». Studia Humana 8, no 1 (1 février 2019) : 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2019-0003.
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Abstract The authors present an evolutionary model for the biological emergence of religious capacity as an advanced neurocognitive trait. Using their model for the stages leading to the evolutionary emergence of religious capacity in Homo sapiens, they analyze the mechanisms that can fail, leading to unbelief (atheism or agnosticism). The analysis identifies some, but not all types of atheists and agnostics, so they turn their question around and, using the same evolutionary model, ask what keeps religion going. Why does its development not fail in one social group after another, worldwide? Their final analysis searches for reasons in important evolutionary changes in the senses of hearing, vision, and general sensitivity on the hominin line, which together interact with both intellectual and emotional brain networks to achieve, often in human groups, variously altered states of consciousness, especially a numinous state enabled in part by a brain organ, the precuneus. An inability to experience the numinous, consider it important, or believe in its supernatural nature, may cleave the human population into those with belief and those with unbelief.
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Zhu, W. C., J. T. Sun, J. Dai, J. R. Huang, L. Chen et X. Y. Hong. « New microsatellites revealed strong gene flow among populations of a new outbreak pest, Athetis lepigone (Möschler) ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no 5 (27 novembre 2017) : 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531700116x.
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AbstractAthetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new outbreak pest in China. Consequently, it is unclear whether the emergence and spread of the outbreak of this pest are triggered by rapid in situ population size increases in each outbreak area, or by immigrants from a potential source area in China. In order to explore the outbreak process of this pest through a population genetics approach, we developed ten novel polymorphic expressed sequence tags (EST)-derived microsatellites. These new microsatellites had moderately high levels of polymorphism in the tested population. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 19, with an average of 8.6, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.269 to 0.783. A preliminary population genetic analysis using these new microsatellites revealed a lack of population genetic structure in natural populations of A. lepigone. The estimates of recent migration rate revealed strong gene flow among populations. In conclusion, our study developed the first set of EST-microsatellite markers and shed a new light on the population genetic structure of this pest in China.
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Daněk, Petr, et Vít Štěpánek. « Territorial Distributional Religions in the Czech Lands 1930-1991 ». Geografie 97, no 3 (1992) : 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1992097030129.
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The article deals with territorial distribution of four basic groups - Roman Catholics, Protestants, confessors of the Church of Czechoslovakia and atheists - in 1930 and 1991, the only censuses with accessible data about religious structure of population since 1921. The stability of areas with traditionally high support of each denomination and atheists is discussed as same as regional variability of the secularization process.
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Strosser, Garrett L., Peter K. Jonason, Robert Lawson, Ashley N. Reid et Alex W. Vittum-Jones. « When Private Reporting Is More Positive Than Public Reporting ». Social Psychology 47, no 3 (mai 2016) : 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000267.
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Abstract. Across three studies, we assessed the impact of perceived social norms on attitudes and positive behavioral intentions towards atheists and religious believers. Reported attitudes, reported acceptability of expressing positive and negative attitudes, and reported positive behavioral intentions disproportionately favored religious believers over atheists. However, participants reported a higher likelihood of engaging in positive behaviors towards atheists when the threat of public scrutiny was limited, indicating that the social norm in the US may be suppressing privately held, positive behavioral intentions that would otherwise support atheists, creating a state of pluralistic ignorance. Individuals also reported having more positive attitudes and a higher level of positive behavioral intentions towards religious believers relative to others. Finally, estimates of the prevalence of religious believers in the population also tied directly to one’s perception of the acceptability of expressing positive and negative attitudes towards these groups.
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Deimezis-Tsikoutas, Aris, Grigoris Kapsalas, Antonis Antonopoulos, Ilias Strachinis et Panayiotis Pafilis. « Algyroides nigropunctatus (Squamata : Lacertidae) in the City of Athens : An Unexpected Finding ». Russian Journal of Herpetology 27, no 3 (24 juin 2020) : 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2020-27-3-172-174.
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A small but growing population of the Dalmatian Algyroides (Algyroides nigropunctatus) was found in a suburb of Athens (Greece), a long way from the species’ known range. This apparently introduced population increases the number of new lizard species documented in the Athens metropolitan area during the past few years.
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McCauley, Robert N., George Graham et A. C. Reid. « Theory of Mind, Religiosity, and Autistic Spectrum Disorder : a Review of Empirical Evidence Bearing on Three Hypotheses ». Journal of Cognition and Culture 19, no 5 (8 novembre 2019) : 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340067.
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AbstractThe cognitive science of religions’ By-Product Theory contends that much religious thought and behavior can be explained in terms of the cultural activation of maturationally natural cognitive systems. Those systems address fundamental problems of human survival, encompassing such capacities as hazard precautions, agency detection, language processing, and theory of mind. Across cultures they typically arise effortlessly and unconsciously during early childhood. They are not taught and appear independent of general intelligence. Theory of mind (mentalizing) undergirds an instantaneous and automatic intuitive understanding of minds, mental representations, and their implications for agents’ actions. By-Product theorists hypothesize about a social cognition content bias, holding that mentalizing capacities inform participants’ implicit understanding of religious representations of agents with counter-intuitive properties. That hypothesis, in combination with Baron-Cohen’s account of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in terms of diminished theory of mind capacities (what he calls “mind-blindness”), suggests an impaired religious understanding hypothesis. It proposes that people with ASD have substantial limitations in intuitive understanding of and creative inferences from such representations. Norenzayan argues for a mind-blind atheism hypothesis, which asserts that the truth of these first two hypotheses suggests that people with ASD have an increased probability, compared to the general population, of being atheists. Numerous empirical studies have explored these three hypotheses’ merits. After carefully pondering distinctions between intuitive versus reflective mentalizing and between explicit versus implicit measures and affective versus cognitive measures of mentalizing, the available empirical evidence provides substantial support for the first two hypotheses and non-trivial support for the third.
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KANAZAWA, SATOSHI. « IQ AND THE VALUES OF NATIONS ». Journal of Biosocial Science 41, no 4 (23 mars 2009) : 537–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932009003368.
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SummaryThe origin of values and preferences is an unresolved theoretical question in behavioural and social sciences. The Savanna-IQ Interaction Hypothesis, derived from the Savanna Principle and a theory of the evolution of general intelligence, suggests that more intelligent individuals may be more likely to acquire and espouse evolutionarily novel values and preferences (such as liberalism and atheism and, for men, sexual exclusivity) than less intelligent individuals, but that general intelligence may have no effect on the acquisition and espousal of evolutionarily familiar values. Macro-level analyses show that nations with higher average intelligence are more liberal (have greater highest marginal individual tax rate and, as a result, lower income inequality), less religious (a smaller proportion of the population believes in God or considers themselves religious) and more monogamous. The average intelligence of a population appears to be the strongest predictor of its level of liberalism, atheism and monogamy.
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Doolittle, Benjamin R. « Are we Athens or Florence ? COVID-19 in historical context ». Family Medicine and Community Health 9, no 1 (janvier 2021) : e000811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2020-000811.
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We have been here before. In 430 BCE, a plague struck Athens, killing as much as 25% of the population. In 1347 CE, the bubonic plague afflicted western Europe for 4 years, killing as much as 50% of the population. The plague of Athens led to a collapse of their religion, cultural norms and democracy. In contrast, the bubonic plague led eventually to the Renaissance, a growth of art, science and humanism. As we contend with the COVID-19 global pandemic, will we become Athens or Florence?
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Ecco, Clóvis, et José Reinaldo Felipe Martins Filho. « Contemporary Cultures and Atheism ». Mosaico 10, no 2 (19 décembre 2017) : 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/mos.v10i0.6106.
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Abstract: this article aims to present an analysis of the partial results of the research carried out on the historical and cultural bases of atheism and its relation to the conceptions of the sacred, worldviews and social hierarchy in the context of modern Western society. It was hypothesized that culture and technological and scientific advances contributed significantly to modern secularism, namely by defining itself as atheism. However, traditional theodicy still remains the basis of people's beliefs. We take as empirical research study carried out with eighty scholars and academics from three courses of PUC Goiás in 2015. Among those surveyed, a significant number of individuals claim to believe in God and to base their lives on religious values and teachings, pointing to the confirmation of the hypothesis that there is still a certain relevance of theodicy as answers to the daily needs of such a portion of the population.
Culturas e Ateísmos Contemporâneos
Resumo: este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise dos resultados parciais da pesquisa realizada sobre as bases históricas e culturais do ateísmo e suas relações com as concepções de sagrado, com as visões de mundo e com a hierarquização social no contexto da sociedade ocidental moderna. Partiu-se da hipótese de que a cultura e os avanços tecnológicos e científicos contribuíram de forma significativa com o secularismo moderno, nomeadamente, definindo-se como ateísmo. No entanto, as teodiceias tradicionais ainda continuam como base das crenças das pessoas. Tomamos como material de análise a pesquisa empírica realizada com oitenta acadêmicos e acadêmicas de três cursos da PUC Goiás, em 2015. Entre os pesquisados percebe-se um número significativo de indivíduos que afirmam crer em Deus e pautar suas vidas por valores e ensinamentos religiosos, apontando para a confirmação da hipótese de que há ainda certa pertinência das teodiceias enquanto respostas às necessidades cotidianas de tal parcela da população.
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Khaidarova, Muatar. « On freedom of religion and belief in the Republic of Tajikistan ». Religious Freedom 2, no 19 (8 novembre 2016) : 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2016.19.2.898.
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Over the past 25 years in Tajikistan, attitudes toward religion and the right to freedom of conscience have changed from time to time - from a liberal attitude to this issue to a rather rigid administrative control. Currently, 99.4% of the population in Tajikistan are Muslims, represented mainly by Sunni Hanafi sense (96.6%) and Shi'ism of the Ismaili trend (2.8%). Only 0.6% of the population of Tajikistan refers to Christianity and other religions, or are atheists.
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Papanikolaou, George K., Maria N. Hassapidou et Nikolaos K. Andrikopoulos. « Dietary Intakes of an Elderly Population in Athens, Greece ». Journal of Nutrition For the Elderly 19, no 2 (9 mai 2000) : 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j052v19n02_02.
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Karaglani, Lambrini, et Emma Derbyshire. « Dietary intake in an elderly population living in Athens ». Nutrition & ; Food Science 38, no 4 (18 juillet 2008) : 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650810891405.
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Figueira, T. « Population and Economy in Classical Athens by Ben Akrigg ». Classical World 113, no 3 (2020) : 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/clw.2020.0020.
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Athanassouli, Thessaly, Haritini Koletsi-Kounari, Helen Mamai-Homata et Haralambos Panagopoulos. « Oral health status of adult population in Athens, Greece ». Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 18, no 2 (avril 1990) : 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00023.x.
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Sekunda, N. V. « Athenian demography and military strength 338–322 BC ». Annual of the British School at Athens 87 (novembre 1992) : 311–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015203.
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This article seeks to construct a life table for the population of Athens during the Lycurgan period (338–322 BC). The total male citizen population in their twentieth year or above is mentioned in literary texts, and the number of ephebes in their nineteenth year can be calculated from the inscribed ephebic catalogues. The conclusions are that the total citizen population of Athens, male and female, may have been about 58,000, the average age at death was 54.11 years, and the growth rate was slightly more than 0.5 per cent.
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Aktar, Ayhan. « Ethnic Cleansing and Diplomacy : A View of the Greek-Turkish Exchange of Populations of 1923–24 from the US National Archives ». Turkish Historical Review 12, no 1 (27 mai 2021) : 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10002.
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Abstract This article is on the diplomatic processes leading to the decision to exchange populations between Greece and Turkey during the peace negotiations at the Lausanne Conference in 1923. The US National Archives has rich and hitherto unexploited archival material that encompasses the correspondence between Istanbul, Athens and the US Department of State. As the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives is still closed to researchers, US diplomatic correspondence gives a clear picture of how Greek and Turkish statesmen, as well as intermediaries such as the representatives of the League of Nations, developed and accomplished the idea of population exchange in 1922–23.
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Rontos, Kostas, Andrea Colantoni, Luca Salvati, Enrico Maria Mosconi et Antonio Giménez Morera. « Resident or Present ? Population Census Data Tell You More about Suburbanization ». Land 9, no 10 (9 octobre 2020) : 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100383.
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The present study analyzes population redistribution across metropolitan regions considering together changes over time in the spatial distribution of resident and present population from census data. Considering population dynamics in Athens, Greece, between 1991 and 2011, the results of this study evidenced how the ratio of present to resident population increases more rapidly in urban than rural areas along the last twenty years. By revealing different expansion processes at the regional and local scales, the present-to-resident ratio of usual population was correlated to selected variables (population density and growth, distance from the inner city and settlement dispersion) with the aim at delineating apparent and latent relationships with the local socioeconomic context. Statistical analysis indicates that the present-to-resident population ratio is reflective of the intense suburbanization observed until the early 1990s in Athens, determining population redistribution and settlement dispersion over larger areas.
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Collins, K. E., H. L. Marks, S. E. Aggrey, M. P. Lacy et J. L. Wilson. « History of the Athens Canadian Random Bred and the Athens Random Bred control populations ». Poultry Science 95, no 5 (mai 2016) : 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew085.
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Quijada, Justine Buck. « From Culture to Experience : Shamanism in the Pages of the Soviet Anti-Religious Press ». Contemporary European History 29, no 2 (31 janvier 2020) : 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000041.
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AbstractIn the 1960s a shift occured in how shamanism was represented in Soviet anti-religious journals, in which shamanism was transformed from an ethnographically documented cultural practice peculiar to Siberian indigenous populations, into an – albeit ‘primitive’ – form of a universal human capacity for altered states of consciousness and a precursor of various forms of mysticism. The article argues that this shift coincided with a shift in the Soviet atheist project, as well as a point of comparison that reveals similarities and differences between Soviet and Western modernist projects.
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Vourli, S., D. Perimeni, A. Makri, M. Polemis, A. Voyiatzi et A. Vatopoulos. « Community acquired MRSA infections in a paediatric population in Greece ». Eurosurveillance 10, no 5 (1 mai 2005) : 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.10.05.00537-en.
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We investigated the characteristics of 20 community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in a paediatric hospital in Athens. Eighteen of these, all isolated from skin and soft tissue infections, carried the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) determinants. They all were found resistant to fusidic acid, tetracycline and kanamycin, and displayed a PFGE pattern identical to that of the well-described ST80 CA-MRSA clone circulating in various European countries.
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Mariani, Francesca, Ilaria Zambon et Luca Salvati. « Population Matters : Identifying Metropolitan Sub-Centers from Diachronic Density-Distance Curves, 1960–2010 ». Sustainability 10, no 12 (6 décembre 2018) : 4653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124653.
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The present study illustrates a simplified procedure identifying population sub-centers over 50 years in three Southern European cities (Barcelona, Rome, Athens) with the aim to define and characterize progressive shifts from mono-centric structures towards a polycentric spatial configuration of (growing) metropolitan regions. This procedure is based on a spatially-explicit, local-scale analysis of the standardized residuals from a log-linear model assessing the relationship between population concentration and the distance from a central place in each metropolitan region, under the hypotheses that (i) a mono-centric spatial structure is characterized by a linear relationship between the two variables and that (ii) population sub-centers—considered early signals of a more polycentric regional structure—are characterized by high and positive regression residuals. Results of this study indicate that the three cities have experienced distinctive urbanization waves influencing the overall metropolitan configuration, with variable impact on the original mono-centric structure. Population sub-centers include (i) peri-urban municipalities around the central city and more remote towns situated in rural districts (Barcelona); (ii) scattered towns at variable distances (20–30 km) from the central city (Rome); (iii) fringe municipalities and peri-urban locations in flat districts, 10–20 km away from the central city (Athens). These results may indicate a distinctive evolution path toward polycentric development in the three cities, more evident in Barcelona and Rome and less evident in Athens. The proposed methodology can be generalized and adapted to discriminate population from employment sub-centers in metropolitan regions all over Europe.
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Chintiroglou, Charis-Charles, Thalia Valkouma et Michael Culley. « Allometry of Feeding and Body Size in a Population of the Sea Anemone Paranemonia Vouliagmeniensis ». Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no 3 (août 1996) : 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400031313.
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This paper discusses a number of biological aspects, concerning a new sea anemone species (Paranemonia vouliagmeniensis Doumenc et al., 1987 ) (Actiniaria: Anthozoa), discovered in Lake Vouliagmeni, near Athens, Greece. The specialized environment of the lake, with elevated and stable temperatures throughout the year, brackish waters and large mineral content presents a very specialized biotope in which Paranemonia wuliagmeniensis is an important member. Certain aspects of its life cycle were investigated, especially population structure, feeding habits and life history. The population was found to be made up of two sub-populations; one established on algae in deeper parts of the lake, and an older one living on gravel in shallower habitats. Feeding preferences depended on the anemone's ability to catch prey, combined with the composition of the prey. The anemone was also found to be viviparous and demonstrated r-characteristics in its life history (short lifespan and large number of embryos).
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Przybylska, Lucyna. « Are Roadside Crosses in Poland a Religious or Cultural Expression ? » Religions 12, no 1 (23 décembre 2020) : 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010008.
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The paper contributes to the discourse on roadside memorialisation in the countries of Christian heritage in Europe, Australia, and North America. The aim of the paper is to assess the social perception of the motivation of people constructing roadside crosses at the places of fatal car accidents along public roads in Poland. Is it religious, cultural or both religious and cultural? The uniqueness of this survey lies in its representativeness of the population of one country and the religiosity variable incorporated into a public opinion poll. The study proves that there exists a relationship between one’s declaration of faith and the perception of memorial crosses. Believers more often than atheists opt for both a religious and a cultural meaning of roadside crosses. Atheists and agnostics more often than believers associate roadside crosses only with a cultural meaning—the custom of marking places of death with crosses.
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Tajika, Tsuyoshi, Takuro Kuboi, Fumitaka Endo, Satoshi Shinagawa, Hiroki Kobayashi, Shogo Hashimoto, Hideo Sakane et al. « Association between upper extremity dysfunction and sleep disturbance in an elderly general population ». SAGE Open Medicine 8 (janvier 2020) : 205031212090158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120901584.
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Objective: Several upper extremity disorders are associated with sleep disturbance in patient populations. This study evaluated the relation between self-assessment of upper extremity function and sleep disturbance in an elderly general population. Methods: A total of 159 participants (56 men, 103 women, 38–88 years old, mean age of 66.4 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire including items for sex, weight, height, and dominant hand. Upper extremity dysfunction was investigated using Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand. The sleep disturbance severity was evaluated using a Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale. Quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol-5-dimension-3-level, Japanese version. We measured the bilateral hand grip as an indicator of hand muscle function. Statistical tests were applied to clarify the association between upper extremity dysfunction and screening results for sleep disturbance. Results: Of 159 participants, 45 (28.3%) had sleep disturbance as assessed using Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale (11 men and 34 women; mean age of 68.1 years). Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale scores correlated with the EuroQol index; EuroQol visual analog scale; and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score and dominant grip strength of the participants with sleep disturbance were significantly higher than those of the no sleep disturbance group. The EuroQol index score and visual analog scale of those reporting a sleep disturbance were significantly lower than those of the no sleep disturbance group. Conclusion: Self-administered upper extremity health condition as assessed using Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand correlated with sleep disturbance. Our results suggest a link between upper extremity conditions and sleep disturbance.
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Ciommi, Mariateresa, Francesco Chelli, Margherita Carlucci et Luca Salvati. « Urban Growth and Demographic Dynamics in Southern Europe : Toward a New Statistical Approach to Regional Science ». Sustainability 10, no 8 (5 août 2018) : 2765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082765.
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Metropolitan growth in Europe has resulted in drastic changes of urban forms, socio-spatial structures and land-use patterns due to sequential processes of urbanization, suburbanization and re-urbanization. To assess latent shifts from mono-centric models towards more disarticulated and decentralized settlement configurations, the present study evaluates spatio-temporal patterns of growth between the 1920s and the 2010s in three Mediterranean cities with different structure and functions (Barcelona: compact and moderately polycentric; Rome: dispersed, medium-density; Athens: mono-centric, hyper-compact). To identify and characterize long-term urban transformations, an original approach was illustrated in this study, based on a multivariate analysis of 13 indicators resulting from descriptive statistics and linear regression modeling the relationship between population density and distance from inner cities. The empirical results of this study indicate that Barcelona, Rome and Athens have experienced different urbanization cycles, characterized by a (more or less) concentrated distribution of population along urban gradients. Despite similarities in demographic dynamics and planning practices, these processes have determined (i) a mostly centralized growth in Barcelona, (ii) a relatively dispersed and discontinuous spatial structure in Rome, and (iii) a steep decline of population density with the distance from downtown Athens. Compact urban expansion, population decline and urban de-concentration were finally assessed using the analytical approach proposed in this study.
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Diamantopoulos, E. J., L. Anthopoulos, S. Nanas, G. Maliaras, D. Chrisos et S. D. Moulopoulos. « Detection of arrhythmias in a representative sample of the Athens population ». European Heart Journal 8, suppl D (2 août 1987) : 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_d.17.
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Missiakoulis, Spyros. « Cecrops, King of Athens : the First (?) Recorded Population Census in History ». International Statistical Review 78, no 3 (décembre 2010) : 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.2010.00124.x.
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McCormick, Ted. « Political Arithmetic and Sacred History : Population Thought in the English Enlightenment, 1660–1750 ». Journal of British Studies 52, no 4 (octobre 2013) : 829–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.123.
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AbstractCurrent approaches to the history of early modern population thought focus on the state and secular governance, while standard treatments of Restoration and Augustan “political arithmetic” emphasize its economic or social-scientific content. This article recovers nonsecular uses of demographic quantification, excavating the use of political arithmetic in religious polemic between ca. 1660 and ca. 1750. As a form of empirical natural philosophy, political arithmetic suited the polemical needs of latitudinarian Anglicans and others combating deism, atheism, and preadamism; the demographic regularities it revealed furnished evidence of providential solicitude, while the history of population growth was a potential prop for scriptural chronologies. A strand of “sacred” political arithmetic thus contributed to natural theology while modeling—albeit inconsistently—new historical applications for empirical methodology. The article concludes by considering possible causes for the decline of this “sacred” strand of demographic quantification, while suggesting connections between it and better-known secular forms of Enlightenment-era population thought.
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Viñuela Rodríguez, Nuria, Radek Šanda, Stamatis Zogaris et Jasna Vukić. « Distribution and genetic diversity of two species of Pelasgus minnows (Leuciscidae) in southern Greece ». Knowledge & ; Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no 421 (2020) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020019.
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Pelasgus Kottelat & Freyhof 2007 (Leuciscidae) is a freshwater fish genus endemic to the Southern Balkans. The distribution of most of its species is insufficiently known. Pelasgus was molecularly studied only marginally, and the genetic diversity of individual species or populations, crucial for their conservation, is completely unknown. We studied distribution and genetic diversity of Pelasgus stymphalicus (Valenciennes 1844) and Pelasgus marathonicus (Vinciguerra 1921), two widespread species from southern Greece. Our data, based on cytochrome b sequences, confirmed that a number of populations whose taxonomic status had been uncertain, belong to one of these species. The distribution range of P. stymphalicus includes the Ionian mainland, from the Acheloos to Mornos rivers, and most of the Peloponnese, excluding the Evrotas and the headwaters of Alfios. The native range of Pelasgus marathonicus is the western Aegean mainland, from rivers near Athens to the Xerias river in the Pagasitikos Gulf. AMOVA showed that the genetic variance is slightly higher among than between populations. High FST values indicated a pronounced genetic differentiation of the populations in both species. There was a high proportion of private haplotypes and a very small number of shared haplotypes between populations in both species, which indicates uniqueness of each population and their susceptibility to human-induced changes.
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Salvia, Rosanna, Gianluca Egidi, Luca Salvati, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino et Giovanni Quaranta. « In-Between ‘Smart’ Urban Growth and ‘Sluggish’ Rural Development ? Reframing Population Dynamics in Greece, 1940–2019 ». Sustainability 12, no 15 (31 juillet 2020) : 6165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156165.
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Multifaceted demographic dynamics have shaped population growth in Mediterranean Europe, reflecting a metropolitan cycle from urbanization to re-urbanization. To assess the distinctive impact of economic downturns on population dynamics, the present study illustrates the results of an exploratory analysis that assesses urban expansion and rural decline at various temporal scales in Greece, a peripheral country in southeastern Europe. Statistical analysis based on multivariate exploratory techniques outlined the persistent increase of regional populations, evidencing the distinctive role of agglomeration/scale with urbanization and early suburbanization phases (1940–1980) and accessibility/amenities with late suburbanization and re-urbanization phases (1981–2019). Recession accompanied (and, in some way, consolidated) the decline of agglomeration economies, leading to counter-urbanization in some cases. As an indirect result of counter-urbanization, the population increased more rapidly in low-density coastal areas with moderate accessibility and tourism specialization. Consistently, settlement expansion has altered the persistent gap in central and peripheral locations. A polarized urban hierarchy centered on the capital city, Athens, was replaced with a more diffused growth of medium-sized cities and attractive rural locations, depicting a new development path for lagging countries in the European Union and other socioeconomic contexts worldwide.
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Al-Imam, Mohammed-Lutfi, et Ahmed Al-Imam. « Knowledge and (Ab)Use in Connection with Novel Psychoactive Substances : A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Psychedelic Users Existing on Online Platforms ». Global Journal of Health Science 9, no 11 (18 septembre 2017) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n11p51.
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of use and misuse of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been escalating at an exponential rate in the past two decades. Studies on NPS are highly concentrated in relevance to the developed world, while few have been undertaken in the developing countries.MATERIALS & METHODS: This study is observational and cross-sectional in nature; it relies on a web-based survey distributed to a population of (ab)users of psychedelics and NPS; this community was accessible via dedicated online platforms psychedelics users located on the Facebook social communication medium. The aim of the study is to estimate the level of knowledge and the extent of (mis)use in connection with psychoactive substances, including the novel ones (NPS).RESULTS: The number of participants who responded to the survey reached 458 responders. The level of knowledge and (ab)use was relatively high. The majority of participating individuals were Caucasians males from the developed world including the US, the UK, India, and western European countries. The primary religious affiliation was either agnosticism or atheism. Approximately, 26% were diagnosed with the neuropsychiatric condition.CONCLUSION: The NPS phenomenon is still a major concern primarily in the developed world. Additional studies are required in virtual and non-virtual populations. The targeted populations should include; students, medical professionals, academics, patients with psychiatric and neurological abnormalities, convicts and criminals, and even terrorists.
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Karadimitriou, Nikos, Thomas Maloutas et Vassilis P. Arapoglou. « Multiple Deprivation and Urban Development in Athens, Greece : Spatial Trends and the Role of Access to Housing ». Land 10, no 3 (12 mars 2021) : 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030290.
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This paper presents the spatial distribution of multiple deprivation in Athens, and links these spatial patterns to the city’s urban development trajectory and the way housing is accessed. Multiple deprivation was measured as the combined concentration of disadvantageous employment situation, access to education and housing conditions. A principal components analysis was utilized for 20 variables from the three said domains. Two components were identified as statistically significant. The analysis covered approximately 3000 urban spatial analysis units (URANU), using data from the population censuses of 1991, 2001 and 2011. The findings unveil that from 1991 to 2011, multiple deprivation in the urban periphery as well as in city center areas worsened. Conditions in many (but not all) working-class areas in the west of Athens, as well as in middle class suburbs in the east, improved or did not get worse. If compared to the urban development trajectory of the city, this distribution means that the historical East–West socio-economic division is getting less pronounced, whereas an important center–periphery dynamic is emerging. The filtering and sorting process of the housing market could explain those trends. It appears that the most affected populations are those outside the Greek family-centered and homeownership-based model of access to housing.
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Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Rares, Gianluca Egidi, Rosanna Salvia, Luca Salvati, Adele Sateriano et Antonio Gimenez-Morera. « Recession, Local Fertility, and Urban Sustainability : Results of a Quasi-Experiment in Greece, 1991–2018 ». Sustainability 13, no 3 (20 janvier 2021) : 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031052.
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Fertility is a spatially non-stationary property of regional demographic systems. Despite the wealth of quantitative (micro–macro) information delineating short-term population dynamics in advanced economies, the contribution of economic downturns to local fertility has still been under-investigated along urban–rural gradients, especially in low-fertility contexts. Recent studies have assumed suburban fertility rates as systematically higher than urban and rural fertility rates. This assumption (hereafter known as the “suburban fertility hypothesis”) has been grounded on stylized facts and spatial regularities in advanced economies that reflect a significant role of both macro (contextual) and micro (behavioral) factors that positively influence fertility in suburban locations. To test the suburban fertility hypothesis at the macro-scale, the present study compares gross fertility rates from seven regional units of the Athens metropolitan area between 1991 and 2018. A refined spatial analysis of gross fertility rates during an economic expansion (1999–2008) and recession (2009–2018) was carried out in 115 urban, suburban, and rural municipalities of the same area. Experiencing sequential waves of economic expansion and recession, Athens’ socio-demographic dynamics were considered a sort of “quasi-experiment” for Southern Europe, linking late suburbanization with the multiple impacts of (rapid) economic downturns. Compared with both urban and rural locations, a higher fertility rate in suburban municipalities (15–20 km away from downtown Athens) was observed during the study period. However, a subtle distinction was observed during the economic expansion versus the recession. In the first period, the highest birth rates were recorded in industrial locations west of Athens, hosting economically disadvantaged communities with a relatively young population structure. With the recession, the highest fertility was associated with residential and service-specialized (wealthier) locations east of Athens, attracting resident population from neighboring areas, and better responding to crisis. The results of our study document how recent urban expansion and economic downturns have intrinsically shaped fertility dynamics, with implications for urban sustainability and social cohesion of metropolitan regions.
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Polinesi, Gloria, Maria Cristina Recchioni, Rosario Turco, Luca Salvati, Kostas Rontos, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino et Federico Benassi. « Population Trends and Urbanization : Simulating Density Effects Using a Local Regression Approach ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no 7 (18 juillet 2020) : 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070454.
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Density-dependent population growth regulates long-term urban expansion and shapes distinctive socioeconomic trends. Despite a marked heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the resident population, Mediterranean European countries are considered more homogeneous than countries in other European regions as far as settlement structure and processes of metropolitan growth are concerned. However, rising socioeconomic inequalities among Southern European regions reflect latent demographic and territorial transformations that require further investigation. An integrated assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of resident populations in more than 1000 municipalities (1961–2011) was carried out in this study to characterize density-dependent processes of metropolitan growth in Greece. Using geographically weighted regressions, the results of our study identified distinctive local relationships between population density and growth rates over time. Our results demonstrate that demographic growth rates were non-linearly correlated with other variables, such as population density, with positive and negative impacts during the first (1961–1971) and the last (2001–2011) observation decade, respectively. These findings outline a progressive shift over time from density-dependent processes of population growth, reflecting a rapid development of large metropolitan regions (Athens, Thessaloniki) in the 1960s, to density-dependent processes more evident in medium-sized cities and accessible rural regions in the 2000s. Density-independent processes of population growth have been detected in the intermediate study period (1971–2001). This work finally discusses how a long-term analysis of demographic growth, testing for density-dependent mechanisms, may clarify the intrinsic role of population concentration and dispersion in different phases of the metropolitan cycle in Mediterranean Europe.
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Babatsikou, Fotini, Dimitrios Korogiannos, Nikolaos Tatsis, Stavroulia Boulia, Vicky Lazarou et George Tatsis. « Tuberculosis Infection in a Population of Intravenous Drugs Abusers in Athens, Greece ». Chest 140, no 4 (octobre 2011) : 773A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.1112240.
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Skalkidou, A., E. Petridou, F. C. Papadopoulos, N. Dessypris et D. Trichopoulos. « Factors affecting motorcycle helmet use in the population of Greater Athens, Greece ». Injury Prevention 5, no 4 (1 décembre 1999) : 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.5.4.264.
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Pavlenko, Pavlo. « Modernization in the politicization of religion as an instrument of its institutional expansion and integration in the secular world ». Ukrainian Religious Studies, no 78 (31 mai 2016) : 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2016.78.652.
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We live in a time when the religious outlook is rapidly losing its popularity. According to the Gallup International Association, which studied religiosity levels in 57 countries around the world, covering about 70% of the world's population, more than half the earthlings, 59%, regard themselves as religious people, while 23% said they were not religious and 13 % generally refer to themselves as convinced atheists. As a result, 36% of people do not have religious beliefs. These data prove the fact that in recent years, 9% of humanity has broken with religion.
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Cawkwell, G. L. « Early Colonisation ». Classical Quarterly 42, no 2 (décembre 1992) : 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800015937.
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It is commonly supposed that in the eighth century B.c. there was a ‘population explosion’ in Greece which moved the Greeks to send out colonies. A. J. Graham in the Cambridge Ancient History iii, 3 (1982) is typical: ‘The basic active cause of the colonizing movement was overpopulation’; ‘at the very time when the Archaic colonising movement began, in the second half of the eighth century, there was a marked increase in population in Greece’ (p. 157). The presumed connection between overpopulation and colonisation is not immediately obvious. The evidence for the population explosion is found in the increased number of burials in Attica and the Argolid, but Athens sent out no colony before the very end of the seventh century and Argos probably none at all, certainly none in this period. So special explanations have to be formulated for Athens' and Argos' lack of colonies while their postulated ‘population explosion’ is presumed for Greece as a whole and called in to explain the burst of colonising in the eighth century. The hypothesis is not used for seventh-century colonisation when the number of burials declines.
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Salvati, Luca, Margherita Carlucci et Pere Serra. « Unraveling latent dimensions of the urban mosaic : A multi-criteria spatial approach to metropolitan transformations ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 50, no 1 (12 octobre 2017) : 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17736313.
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We investigated local-scale urban profiles by analysing the spatial structure of 124 territorial indicators to identify possibly relevant dimensions influencing urban evolution and promoting socioeconomic transformation. To assess patterns and processes of urban expansion, Athens (Greece) was taken as a prototype of metropolitan systems with a diversified morphology and entropic functions. Exploratory spatial data analysis identified six dimensions of urban evolution: population concentration, sprawl, social segregation, income growth, specialization in commerce/retail/logistics and industrial decline. Urban centres were profiled according to the dominant dimension(s). Cluster analysis identified the urban hierarchy in the Athens metropolitan region based on population density, highlighting more subtle gradients associated with settlement morphology, social diversification, local development and economic performance. The proposed methodology stems from the ‘factorial ecology' approach, providing a coherent overview of the recent transformations that impact dimensions of urban sustainability.