Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Autonomous Driving »

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Autonomous Driving"

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Poledna, S., F. Eichler et P. Schöggl. « Autonomous Driving ». Sonderprojekte ATZ/MTZ 24, S1 (août 2019) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41491-019-0029-8.

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Walch, Marcel, Kristin Mühl, Martin Baumann et Michael Weber. « Autonomous Driving ». International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 9, no 2 (avril 2017) : 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2017040104.

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Autonomous vehicles will need de-escalation strategies to compensate when reaching system limitations. Car-driver handovers can be considered one possible method to deal with system boundaries. The authors suggest a bimodal (auditory and visual) handover assistant based on user preferences and design principles for automated systems. They conducted a driving simulator study with 30 participants to investigate the take-over performance of drivers. In particular, the authors examined the effect of different warning conditions (take-over request only with 4 and 6 seconds time budget vs. an additional pre-cue, which states why the take-over request will follow) in different hazardous situations. Their results indicated that all warning conditions were feasible in all situations, although the short time budget (4 seconds) was rather challenging and led to a less safe performance. An alert ahead of a take-over request had the positive effect that the participants took over and intervened earlier in relation to the appearance of the take-over request. Overall, the authors' evaluation showed that bimodal warnings composed of textual and iconographic visual displays accompanied by alerting jingles and spoken messages are a promising approach to alert drivers and to ask them to take over.
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Fuchs, Andreas. « Autonomous Driving ». ATZoffhighway worldwide 11, no 1 (mars 2018) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41321-018-0013-3.

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Salow, Holger. « Autonomous driving ». ATZ worldwide 110, no 1 (janvier 2008) : 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03224976.

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Han, Joong-hee, Chi-ho Park, Young Yoon Jang, Ja Duck Gu et Chan Young Kim. « Performance Evaluation of an Autonomously Driven Agricultural Vehicle in an Orchard Environment ». Sensors 22, no 1 (24 décembre 2021) : 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010114.

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To address the problems of inefficient agricultural production and labor shortages, there has been active research to develop autonomously driven agricultural machines, using advanced sensors and ICT technology. Autonomously driven speed sprayers can also reduce accidents such as the pesticide poisoning of farmers, and vehicle overturn that frequently occur during spraying work in orchards. To develop a commercial, autonomously driven speed sprayer, we developed a prototype of an autonomously driven agricultural vehicle, and conducted performance evaluations in an orchard environment. A prototype of the agricultural vehicle was created using a rubber-tracked vehicle equipped with two AC motors. A prototype of the autonomous driving hardware consisted of a GNSS module, a motion sensor, an embedded board, and an LTE module, and it was made for less than $1000. Additional software, including a sensor fusion algorithm for positioning and a path-tracking algorithm for autonomous driving, were implemented. Then, the performance of the autonomous driving agricultural vehicle was evaluated based on two trajectories in an apple farm. The results of the field test determined the RMS, and the maximums of the path-following errors were 0.10 m, 0.34 m, respectively.
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Köster, Oliver. « Mandatory Autonomous Driving ? » ATZelectronics worldwide 14, no 3 (mars 2019) : 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-019-0016-6.

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Tyler, Neil. « Safer Autonomous Driving ». New Electronics 51, no 18 (9 octobre 2018) : 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(23)60679-0.

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STAYTON, ERIK, MELISSA CEFKIN et JINGYI ZHANG. « Autonomous Individuals in Autonomous Vehicles : The Multiple Autonomies of Self-Driving Cars ». Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings 2017, no 1 (novembre 2017) : 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1559-8918.2017.01140.

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Baber, J., J. Kolodko, T. Noel, M. Parent et L. Vlacic. « Cooperative autonomous driving - Intelligent vehicles sharing city roads cooperative autonomous driving ». IEEE Robotics & ; Automation Magazine 12, no 1 (mars 2005) : 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2005.1411418.

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Hurair, Mohammad, Jaeil Ju et Junghee Han. « Environmental-Driven Approach towards Level 5 Self-Driving ». Sensors 24, no 2 (12 janvier 2024) : 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020485.

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As technology advances in almost all areas of life, many companies and researchers are working to develop fully autonomous vehicles. Such level 5 autonomous driving, unlike levels 0 to 4, is a driverless vehicle stage and so the leap from level 4 to level 5 autonomous driving requires much more research and experimentation. For autonomous vehicles to safely drive in complex environments, autonomous cars should ensure end-to-end delay deadlines of sensor systems and car-controlling algorithms including machine learning modules, which are known to be very computationally intensive. To address this issue, we propose a new framework, i.e., an environment-driven approach for autonomous cars. Specifically, we identify environmental factors that we cannot control at all, and controllable internal factors such as sensing frequency, image resolution, prediction rate, car speed, and so on. Then, we design an admission control module that allows us to control internal factors such as image resolution and detection period to determine whether given parameters are acceptable or not for supporting end-to-end deadlines in the current environmental scenario while maintaining the accuracy of autonomous driving. The proposed framework has been verified with an RC car and a simulator.
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Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Autonomous Driving"

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Tirumaladasu, Sai Subhakar, et Shirdi Manjunath Adigarla. « Autonomous Driving : Traffic Sign Classification ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-17783.

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Autonomous Driving and Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are revolutionizing the way we drive and the future of mobility. Among ADAS, Traffic Sign Classification is an important technique which assists the driver to easily interpret traffic signs on the road. In this thesis, we used the powerful combination of Image Processing and Deep Learning to pre-process and classify the traffic signs. Recent studies in Deep Learning show us how good a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is for image classification and there are several state-of-the-art models with classification accuracies over 99 % existing out there. This shaped our thesis to focus more on tackling the current challenges and some open-research cases. We focussed more on performance tuning by modifying the existing architectures with a trade-off between computations and accuracies. Our research areas include enhancement in low light/noisy conditions by adding Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) connections, and contribution to a universal-regional dataset with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The results obtained on the test data are comparable to the state-of-the-art models and we reached accuracies above 98% after performance evaluation in different frameworks
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Ávila, Emanuel da Silva. « Servo-pilot for autonomous driving ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2537.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Foram simulados numericamente jogos de recursos públicos em redes usando algoritmo de Monte Carlo. Foram usadas redes regulares unidimensionais em anel, redes regulares bidimensionais (rede quadrada) e redes scale-free. São apresentados os métodos seguidos, a teoria e os algoritmos usados. Estes jogos apresentam uma transição de fase entre uma fase dominada por oportunistas de uma fase dominada por cooperadores em função de um parâmetro de rendimento das contribuições. Foi encontrado um intervalo, dependente do número médio de vizinhos, para o qual a fracção de configurações sobreviventes tende para 1 quando o tamanho da rede aumenta. Foi também encontrada uma dependência no valor de parâmetro crítico de transição no número médio de vizinhos para as configurações sobreviventes. Esses efeitos foram observados em todos os tipos de rede estudados neste trabalho. ABSTRACT: Public goods games were numerically simulated in networks using Monte Carlo Algorithm. Regular one-dimensional ring networks, regular two-dimensional lattice networks and scale-free networks had been used. The methods followed, the theory and the algorithms used are presented. This games have a phase transition between one phase dominated by defectors from one dominated by cooperators in function of the value of efficiency from the contributions. It was found an interval, dependent on the average number of neighbors, where the fraction of surviving configurations tens to 1 when the size of the network increases. It was found dependence in the critical value of transition value with the average number of neighbors. Both effects were observed in all types of networks studied in this work.
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Hernández, Juárez Daniel. « Embedded 3D Reconstruction for Autonomous Driving ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671166.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és estudiar algoritmes de reconstrucció 3D adequats per a la conducció autònoma. Per fer-ho, necessitem implementacions i representacions ràpides de l’entorn 3D que tinguin en compte la informació geomètrica i semàntica. L’ús de paral·lelització CUDA i GPU permet aprofitar maquinari flexible i programable d’alt rendiment per complir els requisits de temps exigents. La tesi presenta tres contribucions principals. En primer lloc, descrivim la paral·lelització del conegut algorisme d’estèreo basat en el Semi-Global Matching (SGM), que estima la profunditat a partir de dues imatges estèreo. Desplegem un disseny de paral·lelització eficient que funciona a les GPU de baix consum energètic i aconsegueix un rendiment en temps real. Com a segona contribució, presentem una millora del model de representació 3D anomenat Stixel World, que representa les superfícies inclinades. L’extensió del model ajuda a representar escenes reals que fallen sota els supòsits anteriors i, mitjançant una regularització eficient del model, manté la mateixa precisió que el model anterior. També proposem una estratègia algorítmica per accelerar el procés, que redueix la quantitat de combinacions Stixel provades. Finalment, expliquem les nostres estratègies de paral·lelització per a l’algorisme de segmentació de Stixel. Proposem una estratègia de paral·lelització que s’adapti a l’arquitectura massivament paral·lela de les GPU. També estudiem les diferents tècniques d’acceleració disponibles per a Stixels i com es poden implementar de manera eficient per a aquesta arquitectura. A més, el nostre enfocament redueix la complexitat computacional de l’algorisme mitjançant la reformulació del model.
El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar algoritmos de reconstrucción 3D aptos para la conducción autónoma. Para ello, necesitamos implementaciones y representaciones rápidas del entorno 3D que tengan en cuenta la información geométrica y semántica. El uso de la paralelización de CUDA y GPU permite aprovechar el hardware de alto rendimiento flexible y programable para cumplir con los estrictos requisitos de tiempo. La tesis presenta tres contribuciones principales. Primero, describimos la paralelización del conocido algoritmo de estéreo basado en Semi-Global Matching (SGM), que estima la profundidad de dos imágenes estéreo. Implementamos un diseño de paralelización eficiente que se ejecuta sobre GPU de bajo consumo de energía y logra un rendimiento en tiempo real. Como segunda contribución, presentamos una mejora del modelo de representación 3D llamado Stixel World que da cuenta de las superficies inclinadas. La extensión del modelo ayuda a representar escenas reales que fallan bajo los supuestos anteriores y, mediante una regularización eficiente del modelo, mantiene la misma precisión del modelo anterior. También proponemos una estrategia algorítmica para acelerar el proceso, lo que reduce la cantidad de combinaciones de Stixel probadas. Finalmente, explicamos nuestras estrategias de paralelización para el algoritmo de segmentación de Stixel. Proponemos una estrategia de paralelización que se adapta a la arquitectura masivamente paralela de las GPU. También estudiamos las diferentes técnicas de aceleración disponibles para Stixels y cómo se pueden implementar de manera eficiente para esta arquitectura. Además, nuestro enfoque reduce la complejidad computacional del algoritmo al reformular el modelo.
The objective of this thesis is to study 3D reconstruction algorithms suitable for autonomous driving. In order to do so, we need fast implementations and representations of the 3D environment that take into account geometric and semantic information. The use of CUDA and GPU parallelization allows to leverage flexible and programmable high performance hardware to fulfill the strong time requirements. The thesis presents three main contributions. First, we describe the parallelization of the well-known stereo matching algorithm based on Semi-Global Matching (SGM), which estimates depth from two stereo images. We deploy an efficient parallelization design that runs on top of low-energy consumption GPUs and achieves real-time performance. As our second contribution, we present an improvement of the 3D representation model called the Stixel World that accounts for slanted surfaces. The extension of the model helps representing real scenes that fail under the previous assumptions, and, by an efficient model regularization, keeps the same accuracy of the previous model. We also propose an algorithmic strategy to speed up the process, which reduces the amount of Stixel combinations tested by the dynamic programming approach. Finally, we explain our parallelization strategies for the Stixel segmentation algorithm. We propose a parallelization strategy that fits the massively parallel architecture of GPUs. We also study the different speed up techniques available for Stixels and how they can be implemented efficiently for this architecture. Additionally, our approach reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm by reformulating the measurement depth model, relying on the confidence of the depth estimation and the identification of invalid values to handle outliers.
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Zivkovic, A. (Aleksandar). « Development of autonomous driving using ROS ». Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201806062488.

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Autonomous driving, or self-driving, is the ability of a vehicle to drive itself without human input. To achieve this, the vehicle uses mechanical and electronic parts, sensors, actuators and an on-board computer. The on-board computer runs sophisticated software which allows the vehicle to perceive and understand its environment based on sensor input, localise itself in that environment and plan the optimal route from point A to point B. Autonomous driving is no longer a thing of the future, and to develop autonomous driving solutions is a highly valuable skill in today’s software engineering field. Robot Operating System (ROS) is a meta-operating system that simplifies the process of robotics programming. This master’s thesis aims to demonstrate how ROS could be used to develop autonomous driving software by analysing autonomous driving problems, examining existing solutions and developing a prototype vehicle using ROS. This thesis provides an overview of autonomous driving and usage of ROS in the development of autonomous driving, then elaborates on the benefits and challenges of using ROS for autonomous car development. The research methods used in this master’s thesis are design science research (DSR) and a literature review. An artefact is developed and evaluated—a remote-controlled (RC) car equipped with Raspberry Pi 3 board as the on-board computer, an Arduino Uno board, Teensy LC board, a set of sensors and ROS-based software. The thesis is supported by the author’s employer, automotive software company called Elektrobit. By following the steps described in this thesis, it is possible to develop an autonomous driving RC car which runs on ROS. Additionally, this thesis shows why ROS provides good solutions for the autonomous driving issues. It points to the benefits of ROS: open sourced, peer-to-peer, network-based meta-operating system with ready-made components for autonomous driving, and highlights some of the challenges of ROS: security issues and single point of failure.
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Liebenwein, Lucas. « Contract-based safety verification for autonomous driving ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120366.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-83).
The safe, successful deployment of autonomous systems under real-world conditions, in part, hinges upon providing rigorous performance and safety guarantees. This thesis considers the problem of establishing and verifying the safety of autonomous systems. To this end, we present a novel framework for the synthesis of safety constraints for autonomous systems, so-called safety contracts, that can be applied to and used by a wide set of real-world systems by acting as a design requirement for the controller implementation of the system. The contracts consider a large variety of road models, guarantee that the controlled system will remain safe with respect to probabilistic models of traffic behavior, and ensure that it will follow the rules of the road. We generate contracts using reachability analysis in a reach-avoid problem under consideration of dynamic obstacles, i.e., other traffic participants. Contracts are then derived directly from the reachable sets. By decomposing large road networks into local road geometries and defining assume-guarantee contracts between local geometries, we enable computational tractability over large spatial domains. To efficiently account for the behavior of other traffic participants, we iteratively alternate between falsification to generate new traffic scenarios that violate the safety contract and reachable set computation to update the safety contract. These counterexamples to collision-free behavior are found by solving a gradient-based trajectory optimization problem. We demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed methods in a set of experiments involving the Manhattan road network as well as interacting multi-car traffic scenarios.
by Lucas Liebenwein.
S.M.
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Yin, Ji. « Trajectory Planning for Off-road Autonomous Driving ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233397.

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The thesis develops a trajectory planner which operates in a formula racing scenario. The proposed trajectory planner gives time-optimal off-road trajectory planning solutions and generates sequences of control signals for the vehicle to follow the trajectory. Outputs of the trajectory planner are time-optimal trajectory, steering angle, resultant force of brake and throttle. The trajectory planner is designed to have two modes, the Exploring mode which is based on Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT), and the optimization mode which is built upon optimal Rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT*). The exploring mode can generate a valid and safe trajectory in real  time, but the solution is not optimal; optimization mode gives optimal trajectories but it can only do offline planning. The system structure makes it possible that the exploring mode keeps running while the optimization mode runs in the background; once the optimization process is complete, the vehicle could then follow the optimal trajectory. A local trajectory planning method which considers the constraint of off-road vehicle dynamics is designed and integrated in the planner. System performance is evaluated by simulations on a racing track. Many aspects including time optimality, vehicle stability have been taken into account. A new, fast, local steering method has been proposed; the method generates trajectory based on random input. By a more efficient implementation of the planner in the future, for example by using parallel computing, the optimization mode is promising for real-time trajectory generation.
Detta examensarbete utvecklar en trajektoriegenerering som baseras på ett Formula racing scenario. Den föreslagna trajektoriegenerering ger en tidsoptimal off-road-lösning och medför sekventiella kontrollsignaler till fordonen att följa trajektorien. Utsignaler från trajektoriegenerering är den tidsoptimal trajektorien, styrvinkel och motsvarande kraft for broms och gaspådrag. Trajektoriegenerering är designad med två funktioner, utforskningsläget baserat på Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) och optimeringsläget som baseras på det optimala Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT). Utforskningsläget genererar en tillåten och säker trajektorie i realtid, men den är inte optimal; Optimeringsläget ger den optimala trajektorien men kan inte bli genererad i realtid. Systemstrukturen gör det möjligt att ha utforskningsläget körandes, medans optimeringsläget körs i bakgrunden; när optimeringsprocessen är färdig kan fordonet följa den optimala trajektorien. En lokal trajektoriegenererings-metod tar med dynamiska off-road krav för fordonet när planeringen görs. Prestandan av systemet är avgjort på en simulerat racerbana.Många aspekter såsom tidoptima och fordonsstabilitet har tagits med i beräkningen. En ny styrmetod har föreslagits; där metoden snabbt genererar en trajektorie baserad på slumpmässiga insignaler. Med mer effektiv framtida implementering av planeringen, exempelvis parallellberäkning, blir optimeringsläget en lovande trajektoriegenerering i realtid.
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Jaritz, Maximilian. « 2D-3D scene understanding for autonomous driving ». Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02921424.

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Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les défis de la rareté des annotations et la fusion de données hétérogènes tels que les nuages de points 3D et images 2D. D’abord, nous adoptons une stratégie de conduite de bout en bout où un réseau de neurones est entraîné pour directement traduire l'entrée capteur (image caméra) en contrôles-commandes, ce qui rend cette approche indépendante des annotations dans le domaine visuel. Nous utilisons l’apprentissage par renforcement profond où l'algorithme apprend de la récompense, obtenue par interaction avec un simulateur réaliste. Nous proposons de nouvelles stratégies d'entraînement et fonctions de récompense pour une meilleure conduite et une convergence plus rapide. Cependant, le temps d’apprentissage reste élevé. C'est pourquoi nous nous concentrons sur la perception dans le reste de cette thèse pour étudier la fusion de nuage de points et d'images. Nous proposons deux méthodes différentes pour la fusion 2D-3D. Premièrement, nous projetons des nuages de points LiDAR 3D dans l’espace image 2D, résultant en des cartes de profondeur éparses. Nous proposons une nouvelle architecture encodeur-décodeur qui fusionne les informations de l’image et la profondeur pour la tâche de complétion de carte de profondeur, améliorant ainsi la résolution du nuage de points projeté dans l'espace image. Deuxièmement, nous fusionnons directement dans l'espace 3D pour éviter la perte d'informations dû à la projection. Pour cela, nous calculons les caractéristiques d’image issues de plusieurs vues avec un CNN 2D, puis nous les projetons dans un nuage de points 3D global pour les fusionner avec l’information 3D. Par la suite, ce nuage de point enrichi sert d'entrée à un réseau "point-based" dont la tâche est l'inférence de la sémantique 3D par point. Sur la base de ce travail, nous introduisons la nouvelle tâche d'adaptation de domaine non supervisée inter-modalités où on a accès à des données multi-capteurs dans une base de données source annotée et une base cible non annotée. Nous proposons une méthode d’apprentissage inter-modalités 2D-3D via une imitation mutuelle entre les réseaux d'images et de nuages de points pour résoudre l’écart de domaine source-cible. Nous montrons en outre que notre méthode est complémentaire à la technique unimodale existante dite de pseudo-labeling
In this thesis, we address the challenges of label scarcity and fusion of heterogeneous 3D point clouds and 2D images. We adopt the strategy of end-to-end race driving where a neural network is trained to directly map sensor input (camera image) to control output, which makes this strategy independent from annotations in the visual domain. We employ deep reinforcement learning where the algorithm learns from reward by interaction with a realistic simulator. We propose new training strategies and reward functions for better driving and faster convergence. However, training time is still very long which is why we focus on perception to study point cloud and image fusion in the remainder of this thesis. We propose two different methods for 2D-3D fusion. First, we project 3D LiDAR point clouds into 2D image space, resulting in sparse depth maps. We propose a novel encoder-decoder architecture to fuse dense RGB and sparse depth for the task of depth completion that enhances point cloud resolution to image level. Second, we fuse directly in 3D space to prevent information loss through projection. Therefore, we compute image features with a 2D CNN of multiple views and then lift them all to a global 3D point cloud for fusion, followed by a point-based network to predict 3D semantic labels. Building on this work, we introduce the more difficult novel task of cross-modal unsupervised domain adaptation, where one is provided with multi-modal data in a labeled source and an unlabeled target dataset. We propose to perform 2D-3D cross-modal learning via mutual mimicking between image and point cloud networks to address the source-target domain shift. We further showcase that our method is complementary to the existing uni-modal technique of pseudo-labeling
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Oliveira, José Ricardo Marques de. « World representation for an autonomous driving robot ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2121.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
Condução autónoma constitui a deslocação de um agente, robô ou veículo, de um qualquer ponto no espaço para um outro, sem qualquer intervenção humana, por forma a atingir objectivos pré-estabelecidos. Para conduzir de forma autónoma, usando planeamento de trajectória, é crucial que o agente consiga representar abstractamente tanto o conhecimento a priori acerca do mundo, como a informação que este vai adquirindo à medida que avança. Para alcançar este propósito, desenvolveu-se um sistema para ser usado na pista da Competição de Condução Autónoma do Festival Nacional de Robótica. Este sistema caracteriza-se por ser flexível e modular. Tais características permitem não são a adição componentes na pista acima referida, mas também a fácil expansão do suporte a outros tipos de pistas ou circuitos. Concluiu-se, pois, que o modelo de representação mais adequado para o sistema que se pretendia desenvolver seria um modelo híbrido, na medida em que, ao nível global tal representação seria topológica e ao nível local métrica. Ou seja, dividindo a pista em secções, estas são a base para a representação topológica, sendo depois cada secção mapeada internamente de forma métrica. Ao integrar o trabalho desta dissertação com o sistema global lograva-se alcançar um sistema de Condução Autónoma susceptível de planear a curto e médio prazo, com vista a melhorar o desempenho dos robôs usados no projecto, relativamente à solução anteriormente usada, que era baseada num sistema reactivo com alguma memória e noção de estado, mas sem planeamento de trajectória. ABSTRACT: Autonomous driving is the movement of an agent, robot or vehicle, from some point in space to another one, without any human intervention, in order to achieve predetermined goals. To drive autonomously using trajectory planning, it is vital to have an abstraction of the knowledge about the world, be it a priori or information that the agent acquires during the driving. For this, we developed a system capable of abstractly represent, not only the track for the Autonomous Driving Competition of the Portuguese Robotics Open, but also, tracks with similar characteristics. The system was developed in a exible and modular manner, in order to allow the addition of new elements to the stated track and the easy expansion to support other types of tracks and circuits. The conclusion was that the most appropriate representation model for the system we were trying to develop was an hybrid model, in that, at a global level the representation would be topological and at a local level it would be metrical. In other words, dividing the track into sections, these are the basis for the topological representation, being each of the sections then mapped internally using a metrical representation. Integrating the work of this dissertation in the global system, one hoped to achieve a Autonomous Driving system capable of short and medium term planning, with the goal of improve the performance of the ROTA project robots, comparatively with the previous solution, which was based in a reactive system with some memory and to some degree stateful.
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Sequeira, Miguel da Rosa Carvalhal. « Perception and intelligent localization for autonomous driving ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2172.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
Visão por computador e fusão sensorial são temas relativamente recentes, no entanto largamente adoptados no desenvolvimento de robôs autónomos que exigem adaptabilidade ao seu ambiente envolvente. Esta dissertação foca-se numa abordagem a estes dois temas para alcançar percepção no contexto de condução autónoma. O uso de câmaras para atingir este fim é um processo bastante complexo. Ao contrário dos meios sensoriais clássicos que fornecem sempre o mesmo tipo de informação precisa e atingida de forma determinística, as sucessivas imagens adquiridas por uma câmara estão repletas da mais variada informação e toda esta ambígua e extremamente difícil de extrair. A utilização de câmaras como meio sensorial em robótica é o mais próximo que chegamos na semelhança com aquele que é o de maior importância no processo de percepção humana, o sistema de visão. Visão por computador é uma disciplina científica que engloba àreas como: processamento de sinal, inteligência artificial, matemática, teoria de controlo, neurobiologia e física. A plataforma de suporte ao estudo desenvolvido no âmbito desta dissertação é o ROTA (RObô Triciclo Autónomo) e todos os elementos que consistem o seu ambiente. No contexto deste, são descritas abordagens que foram introduzidas com fim de desenvolver soluções para todos os desafios que o robô enfrenta no seu ambiente: detecção de linhas de estrada e consequente percepção desta, detecção de obstáculos, semáforos, zona da passadeira e zona de obras. É também descrito um sistema de calibração e aplicação da remoção da perspectiva da imagem, desenvolvido de modo a mapear os elementos percepcionados em distâncias reais. Em consequência do sistema de percepção, é ainda abordado o desenvolvimento de auto-localização integrado numa arquitectura distribuída incluindo navegação com planeamento inteligente. Todo o trabalho desenvolvido no decurso da dissertação é essencialmente centrado no desenvolvimento de percepção robótica no contexto de condução autónoma.
Computer vision and sensor fusion are subjects that are quite recent, however widely adopted in the development of autonomous robots that require adaptability to their surrounding environment. This thesis gives an approach on both in order to achieve perception in the scope of autonomous driving. The use of cameras to achieve this goal is a rather complex subject. Unlike the classic sensorial devices that provide the same type of information with precision and achieve this in a deterministic way, the successive images acquired by a camera are replete with the most varied information, that this ambiguous and extremely dificult to extract. The use of cameras for robotic sensing is the closest we got within the similarities with what is of most importance in the process of human perception, the vision system. Computer vision is a scientific discipline that encompasses areas such as signal processing, artificial intelligence, mathematics, control theory, neurobiology and physics. The support platform in which the study within this thesis was developed, includes ROTA (RObô Triciclo Autónomo) and all elements comprising its environment. In its context, are described approaches that introduced in the platform in order to develop solutions for all the challenges facing the robot in its environment: detection of lane markings and its consequent perception, obstacle detection, trafic lights, crosswalk and road maintenance area. It is also described a calibration system and implementation for the removal of the image perspective, developed in order to map the elements perceived in actual real world distances. As a result of the perception system development, it is also addressed self-localization integrated in a distributed architecture that allows navigation with long term planning. All the work developed in the course of this work is essentially focused on robotic perception in the context of autonomous driving.
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Wei, Junqing. « Autonomous Vehicle Social Behavior for Highway Driving ». Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/919.

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In recent years, autonomous driving has become an increasingly practical technology. With state-of-the-art computer and sensor engineering, autonomous vehicles may be produced and widely used for travel and logistics in the near future. They have great potential to reduce traffic accidents, improve transportation efficiency, and release people from driving tasks while commuting. Researchers have built autonomous vehicles that can drive on public roads and handle normal surrounding traffic and obstacles. However, in situations like lane changing and merging, the autonomous vehicle faces the challenge of performing smooth interaction with human-driven vehicles. To do this, autonomous vehicle intelligence still needs to be improved so that it can better understand and react to other human drivers on the road. In this thesis, we argue for the importance of implementing ”socially cooperative driving”, which is an integral part of everyday human driving, in autonomous vehicles. An intention-integrated Prediction- and Cost function-Based algorithm (iPCB) framework is proposed to enable an autonomous vehicles to perform cooperative social behaviors. We also propose a behavioral planning framework to enable the socially cooperative behaviors with the iPCB algorithm. The new architecture is implemented in an autonomous vehicle and can coordinate the existing Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Centering interface to perform socially cooperative behaviors. The algorithm has been tested in over 500 entrance ramp and lane change scenarios on public roads in multiple cities in the US and over 10; 000 in simulated case and statistical testing. Results show that the proposed algorithm and framework for autonomous vehicle improves the performance of autonomous lane change and entrance ramp handling. Compared with rule-based algorithms that were previously developed on an autonomous vehicle for these scenarios, over 95% of potentially unsafe situations are avoided.
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Livres sur le sujet "Autonomous Driving"

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Maurer, Markus, J. Christian Gerdes, Barbara Lenz et Hermann Winner, dir. Autonomous Driving. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8.

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Fan, Rui, Sicen Guo et Mohammud Junaid Bocus, dir. Autonomous Driving Perception. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4287-9.

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Jurgen, Ronald K., dir. Autonomous Vehicles for Safer Driving. Warrendale, PA : SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/0768080398.

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Jurgen, Ronald K. Autonomous Vehicles for Safer Driving. Warrendale, PA : SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/pt-158.

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Shi, Weisong, et Liangkai Liu. Computing Systems for Autonomous Driving. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81564-6.

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Chai, Zhanxiang, Tianxin Nie et Jan Becker. Autonomous Driving Changes the Future. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6728-5.

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Langheim, Jochen, dir. Energy Consumption and Autonomous Driving. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19818-7.

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Kröger, Fabian. From Automated to Autonomous Driving. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49881-7.

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Gamba, Jonah. Radar Signal Processing for Autonomous Driving. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9193-4.

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Zhang, Xinyu, Jun Li, Zhiwei Li, Huaping Liu, Mo Zhou, Li Wang et Zhenhong Zou. Multi-sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3280-1.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Autonomous Driving"

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Maurer, Markus. « Introduction ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 1–7. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_1.

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Beiker, Sven. « Deployment Scenarios for Vehicles with Higher-Order Automation ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 193–211. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_10.

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Heinrichs, Dirk. « Autonomous Driving and Urban Land Use ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 213–31. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_11.

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Cyganski, Rita. « Automated Vehicles and Automated Driving from a Demand Modeling Perspective ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 233–53. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_12.

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Winner, Hermann, et Walther Wachenfeld. « Effects of Autonomous Driving on the Vehicle Concept ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 255–75. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_13.

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Beiker, Sven. « Implementation of an Automated Mobility-on-Demand System ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 277–95. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_14.

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Wagner, Peter. « Traffic Control and Traffic Management in a Transportation System with Autonomous Vehicles ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 301–16. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_15.

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Friedrich, Bernhard. « The Effect of Autonomous Vehicles on Traffic ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 317–34. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_16.

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Winkle, Thomas. « Safety Benefits of Automated Vehicles : Extended Findings from Accident Research for Development, Validation and Testing ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 335–64. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_17.

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Flämig, Heike. « Autonomous Vehicles and Autonomous Driving in Freight Transport ». Dans Autonomous Driving, 365–85. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_18.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Autonomous Driving"

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Zhang, Jimuyang, Zanming Huang, Arijit Ray et Eshed Ohn-Bar. « Feedback-Guided Autonomous Driving ». Dans 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 15000–15011. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01421.

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Walch, Marcel, Kristin Lange, Martin Baumann et Michael Weber. « Autonomous driving ». Dans AutomotiveUI '15 : The 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2799250.2799268.

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Alexandra, Popa, Toderean Bianca, Toderean Liana-Maria, Ulici Ioana-Anamaria, Rusu-Both Roxana et Miclea Liviu-Cristian. « Intelligent Autonomous Driving ». Dans 2018 22nd International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc.2018.8540757.

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Zhang, Ya-Qin. « Towards Autonomous Driving ». Dans WSDM '23 : The Sixteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3539597.3572331.

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Lienen, Christian, Mathis Brede, Daniel Karger, Kevin Koch, Dalisha Logan, Janet Mazur, Alexander Philipp Nowosad, Alexander Schnelle, Mohness Waizy et Marco Platzner. « AutonomROS : A ReconROS-based Autonomous Driving Unit ». Dans 2023 Seventh IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irc59093.2023.00056.

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Biral, Francesco, Enrico Bertolazzi, Daniele Bortoluzzi et Paolo Bosetti. « Development and Testing of an Autonomous Driving Module for Critical Driving Conditions ». Dans ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68487.

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In the last years a great effort has been devoted to the development of autonomous vehicles able to drive in a high range of speeds in semi-structured and unstructured environments. This article presents and discusses the software framework for Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) and Software-In-the-Loop (SIL) analysis that has been designed for developing and testing of control laws and mission functionalities of semi-autonomous and autonomous vehicles. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a robotic system, named RUMBy, able to autonomously plan and execute accurate optimal manoeuvres both in normal and in critical driving situations and to be used as a test platform for advanced decision and autonomous driving algorithms. RUMBy’s hardware is a 1:6 scale gasoline engine R/C car with onboard telemetry and control systems. RUMBy’s software consists of three main modules: the manager module that coordinates the other modules and take high level decision; the motion planner module which is based on a Nonlinear Receding Horizon Control (NRHC) algorithm; the actuation module that produces the driving command for the vehicle. The article describes the details of RUMBy architecture and discusses its modular configuration that easily allows HIL and SIL tests.
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Victor, Trent. « The Role of Attention in Increasingly Autonomous Driving ». Dans Driving Assessment Conference. Iowa City, Iowa : University of Iowa, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1573.

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Fan, Shiwei, Xiangxu Li et Fei Li. « Intention-Driven Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving ». Dans 2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv48863.2021.9575253.

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Häuslschmid, Renate, Max von Bülow, Bastian Pfleging et Andreas Butz. « SupportingTrust in Autonomous Driving ». Dans IUI'17 : 22nd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3025171.3025198.

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Yashwanth, S. D., Srimadh V. Rao, Rakshit, Yashass P. Meharwade et Ramesh Kivade. « Autonomous Driving Using YOLOP ». Dans 2022 IEEE North Karnataka Subsection Flagship International Conference (NKCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nkcon56289.2022.10127088.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Autonomous Driving"

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Albus, James, John Evans, Craig Schlenoff, Tony Barbera, Elena Messina et Stephen Balakirsky. Achieving intelligent performance in autonomous driving. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7166.

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Chen, Guang. Multi-agent Collaborative Perception for Autonomous Driving : Unsettled Aspects. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, août 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023017.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This report delves into the field of multi-agent collaborative perception (MCP) for autonomous driving: an area that remains unresolved. Current single-agent perception systems suffer from limitations, such as occlusion and sparse sensor observation at a far distance.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Multi-agent Collaborative Perception for Autonomous Driving: Unsettled Aspects</b> addresses three unsettled topics that demand immediate attention: <ul class="list disc"><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Establishing normative communication protocols to facilitate seamless information sharing among vehicles</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Definiting collaboration strategies, including identifying specific collaboration projects, partners, and content, as well as establishing the integration mechanism</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Collecting sufficient data for MCP model training, including capturing diverse modal data and labeling various downstream tasks as accurately as possible</div></li></ul></div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Wang, Shenlong, et David Forsyth. Safely Test Autonomous Vehicles with Augmented Reality. Illinois Center for Transportation, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-015.

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This work exploits augmented reality to safely train and validate autonomous vehicles’ performance in the real world under safety-critical scenarios. Toward this goal, we first develop algorithms that create virtual traffic participants with risky behaviors and seamlessly insert the virtual events into real images perceived from the physical world. The resulting composed images are photorealistic and physically grounded. The manipulated images are fed into the autonomous vehicle during testing, allowing the self-driving vehicle to react to such virtual events within either a photorealistic simulator or a real-world test track and real hardware systems. Our presented technique allows us to develop safe, hardware-in-the-loop, and cost-effective tests for self-driving cars to respond to immersive safety-critical traffic scenarios.
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Joress, Howie. Driving U.S. Innovation in Materials and Manufacturing Using AI and Autonomous Labs. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1320.

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Quinn, Brian, Jordan Bates, Michael Parker et Sally Shoop. A detailed approach to autonomous vehicle control through Ros and Pixhawk controllers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42460.

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A Polaris MRZR military utility vehicle was used as a testing platform to develop a novel, low cost yet feature-rich, approach to adding remote operation and autonomous driving capability to a military vehicle. The main concept of operation adapts steering and throttle output from a low cost commercially available Pixhawk autopilot controller and translates the signal into the necessary inputs for the Robot Operating System (ROS) based drive by wire system integrated into the MRZR. With minimal modification these enhancements could be applied to any vehicle with similar ROS integration. This paper details the methods and testing approach used to develop this autonomous driving capability.
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Favarò, Francesca M. Impact of Smart Phones’ Interaction Modality on Driving Performance for Conventional and Autonomous Vehicles. Mineta Transportation Institute, janvier 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1813.

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Mukherjee, Amitangshu. Semantic Domain Adaptation for Deep Networks via GAN-based Data Augmentation for Autonomous Driving. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1273.

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Porcel Magnusson, Cristina. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles. SAE International, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021002.

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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments—the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor—utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm, to calculate object distance and position. Exterior automotive paint covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with vehicle coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Sensing technologies and materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, multidisciplinary approaches need to be taken to ensure reliability and safety in the future. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles provides a transversal view of different industry segments, from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR components and vehicle system development and integration. The report includes a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved.
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Frydman, Roman, Søren Johansen, Anders Rahbek et Morten Nyboe Tabor. Asset Prices Under Knightian Uncertainty. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp172.

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We extend Lucas’s classic asset-price model by opening the stochastic process driving dividends to Knightian uncertainty arising from unforeseeable change. Implementing Muth’s hypothesis, we represent participants’ expectations as being consistent with our model’s predictions and formalize their ambiguity-averse decisions with maximization of intertemporal multiple-priors utility. We characterize the asset-price function with a stochastic Euler equation and derive a novel prediction that the relationship between prices and dividends undergoes unforeseeable change. Our approach accords participants’ expectations, driven by both fundamental and psychological factors, an autonomous role in driving the asset price over time, without presuming that participants are irrational.
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Razdan, Rahul. Unsettled Topics Concerning Human and Autonomous Vehicle Interaction. SAE International, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020025.

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This report examines the current interaction points between humans and autonomous systems, with a particular focus on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), the requirements for human-machine interfaces as imposed by human perception, and finally, the progress being made to close the gap. Autonomous technology has the potential to benefit personal transportation, last-mile delivery, logistics, and many other mobility applications enormously. In many of these applications, the mobility infrastructure is a shared resource in which all the players must cooperate. In fact, the driving task has been described as a “tango” where we—as humans—cooperate naturally to enable a robust transportation system. Can autonomous systems participate in this tango? Does that even make sense? And if so, how do we make it happen?
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