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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Availability of images »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 22 juin 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Availability of images"

Van Horn, John Darrell. « Online Availability of fMRI Results Images ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, n^o 6 (1 août 2003) : 769–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903322370690.

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Pei, Jialong. « Bioprotein Spectrum Availability Analysis Based on ANN ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2547, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2023) : 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2547/1/012029.

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Abstract The most common way to analysis protein components is using mass spectrum, however there are errors cause in the operating process and made by equipment, some mass spectrometry images cannot be used for research as the image loses its original features or the features are covered by noise. To exclude unavailable image the equipment can use the method of ANN. ANN uses neural networks to find features of images, and automatically classify images. It successively adjusts parameters in the neural network and produces an output increasingly similar to the target output. This paper analyses the pre-train mass spectrometry of proteins from mouse organs and uses machine learning methods to judge the availability of these mass spectrometry. By using different optimizers and network structures and trying various hyper parameters, this study trained a model that has 85% precision when judging the availability of the mass spectrogram. In particular, it is very effective in excluding noisy images. This greatly reduces the time cost of manually judging the availability of images and it has a good classification effect.

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Ahamed, Jarina Raihan, Pg Emeroylariffion Abas et Liyanage Chandratilak De Silva. « An Image Synthesis Method Generating Underwater Images ». Advances in Technology Innovation 7, n^o 3 (7 mars 2022) : 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2022.8938.

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The objective of this study is to convert normal aerial images into underwater images based on attenuation values for different water types by utilizing the image formation model (IFM) with Jerlov water types. Firstly, the depth values are derived from RGB-D images. If the depth information is not available, the values between 0.5 m to 10 m are chosen, and the transmission map is estimated by these values. Secondly, the statistical average background light values of Br = 0.6240, Bg = 0.805, and Bb = 0.7651 have been derived by analyzing 890 images using two methods, namely quad-tree decomposition and four-block division. Finally, the conversion of aerial-to-underwater images is done using the derived values, and the images are verified by computer simulation using MATLAB software. The result indicates that this method can easily generate underwater images from aerial images and makes it easier for the availability of ground truth.

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Kwan, Chiman. « Remote Sensing Performance Enhancement in Hyperspectral Images ». Sensors 18, n^o 11 (23 octobre 2018) : 3598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113598.

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Hyperspectral images with hundreds of spectral bands have been proven to yield high performance in material classification. However, despite intensive advancement in hardware, the spatial resolution is still somewhat low, as compared to that of color and multispectral (MS) imagers. In this paper, we aim at presenting some ideas that may further enhance the performance of some remote sensing applications such as border monitoring and Mars exploration using hyperspectral images. One popular approach to enhancing the spatial resolution of hyperspectral images is pansharpening. We present a brief review of recent image resolution enhancement algorithms, including single super-resolution and multi-image fusion algorithms, for hyperspectral images. Advantages and limitations of the enhancement algorithms are highlighted. Some limitations in the pansharpening process include the availability of high resolution (HR) panchromatic (pan) and/or MS images, the registration of images from multiple sources, the availability of point spread function (PSF), and reliable and consistent image quality assessment. We suggest some proactive ideas to alleviate the above issues in practice. In the event where hyperspectral images are not available, we suggest the use of band synthesis techniques to generate HR hyperspectral images from low resolution (LR) MS images. Several recent interesting applications in border monitoring and Mars exploration using hyperspectral images are presented. Finally, some future directions in this research area are highlighted.

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Lulla, Kamlesh. « Availability of NASA's earth observation images via electronic media ». Geocarto International 10, n^o 1 (mars 1995) : 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049509354480.

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FULLER, R. M., G. B. GROOM et S. M. WALLIS. « The Availability of Landsat TM images of Great Britain ». International Journal of Remote Sensing 15, n^o 6 (avril 1994) : 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169408954170.

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Herron, Donald A. « Thoughts and observations on interpreting depth-imaged data ». Interpretation 1, n^o 1 (1 août 2013) : B1—B6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2012-0020.1.

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Interpreting depth-imaged data requires attention to elements of uncertainty different from those associated with time-imaged data. In particular, an interpreter must visualize how the migration velocity model affects focusing and positioning of reflections in final images and, consequently, interpretation of the geology contained in those images. The availability of several versions of depth imaging based on a single velocity model but with different migration algorithms complicates interpretation in that the interpreter must decide which version provides the most accurate representation of the true geology.

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Mas, Jean-François, et Francisca Soares de Araújo. « Assessing Landsat Images Availability and Its Effects on Phenological Metrics ». Forests 12, n^o 5 (3 mai 2021) : 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050574.

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Landsat imagery offers the most extended continuous land surface observation at 30 m spatial resolution and is widely used in land change studies. On the other hand, the recent developments on big data, such as cloud computing, give new opportunities for carrying out satellite-based continuous land cover monitoring including land use/cover change and more subtle changes as forest degradation, agriculture intensification and vegetation phenological patterns alterations. However, in the range 0–10∘ south latitude, especially in the summer and autumn, there is a high rainfall and high clouds presence. We hypothesise that it will be challenging to characterise vegetation phenology in regions where the number of valid (cloud-free) remotely-sensed observation is low or when the observations are unevenly distributed over the year. This paper aims to evaluate whether there is sufficient availability of Landsat 7 and 8 images over Brazil to support the analysis of phenodynamics of vegetation. We used Google Earth Engine to assess Landsat data availability during the last decades over the Brazilian territory. The valid observations (excluding clouds and shadow areas) from Landsat 4/5/7/8 during the period 1984–2017 were determined at pixel level. The results show a lower intensity of Landsat observations in the northern and northeastern parts of Brazil compared to the southern region, mainly due to clouds’ presence. Taking advantage of the overlapping areas between satellite paths where the number of observations is larger, we modelled the loss of information caused by a lower number of valid (cloud free) observations. We showed that, in the deciduous woody formations of the Caatinga dominium, the scarcity of valid observations has an adverse effect on indices’ performance aimed at describing vegetation phenology. However, the combination of Landsat data with satellite constellation such as Sentinel will likely permit to overcome many of these limitations.

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Tayyab, Syed Muhammad, Steven Chatterton et Paolo Pennacchi. « Image-Processing-Based Intelligent Defect Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings Using Spectrogram Images ». Machines 10, n^o 10 (8 octobre 2022) : 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100908.

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Due to the excellent image recognition characteristics of convolutional neural networks (CNN), they have gained significant attention among researchers for image-processing-based defect diagnosis tasks. The use of deep CNN models for rolling element bearings’ (REBs’) defect diagnosis may be computationally expensive, and therefore may not be suitable for some applications where hardware and resources limitations exist. However, instead of using CNN models as end-to-end image classifiers, they can also be used to extract the deep features from images and those features can further be used as input to machine learning (ML) models for defect diagnosis tasks. In addition to extracting deep features using CNN models, there are also other methods for feature extraction from vibration characteristic images, such as the extraction of handcrafted features using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and local binary pattern (LBP) descriptors. These features can also be used as input to classical ML models for image classification tasks. In this study, a performance comparison between all these image-processing-based defect diagnosis techniques was carried out in terms of fault detection accuracy and computational expense. Moreover, based upon the detailed comparison, a hybrid-ensemble method involving decision-level fusion is proposed, which is far less computationally expensive compared to CNN models while using them as end-to-end classifiers. The performance of all these models is also compared in the case of minimal training data availability and for diagnosis under slightly different operating conditions to ascertain their generalizability and ability to correctly diagnose despite the minimal availability of training data. The performance of the proposed hybrid-ensemble method remained outstanding for the REBs’ defect diagnosis despite the minimal of availability training data as well as the slight variation under operating conditions.

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Anderson, Nicholas V., Steven L. Petersen, Robert L. Johnson, Tyson J. Terry et Val J. Anderson. « Detecting Floral Resource Availability Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems ». Land 13, n^o 1 (16 janvier 2024) : 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010099.

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Floral resources for native pollinators that live in wildland settings are diverse and vary across and within growing seasons. Understanding floral resource dynamics and management is becoming increasingly important as honeybee farms seek public land for summer pasture. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUASs) present a viable approach for accurate broad floristic surveys and present an additional solution to more traditional alternative methods of vegetation assessment. This methodology was designed as a simplified approach using tools frequently available to land managers. The images of three subalpine meadows were captured from a DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone platform three times over the growing season in 2019 in Sanpete County, Utah. The images were composited using Pix4D software 4.5.6and classified using a simple supervised approach in ENVI 4.8 and ArcGIS Pro 2.4.3 These same meadows were assessed using two traditional ocular methods of vegetation cover–meter-squared quadrats and macroplot estimation. The areas assessed with these methods were compared side by side with their classified counterparts from drone imagery. Classified images were not only found to be highly accurate when detecting overall floral cover and floral color groups (76–100%), but they were also strongly correlated with quadrat estimations, suggesting that these methods used in tandem may be a conducive strategy toward increased accuracy and efficiency when determining floral cover at broad spatial scales.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Availability of images"

Genoudet, Adrien. « L’effervescence des images : les archives de la Planète d’Albert Kahn (1908-2018) ». Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080070.

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L’axe principal de ce travail de thèse est de s’intéresser à ce projet visuel dans l’œuvre d’Albert Kahn et d’ouvrir le champ en s’intéressant aux devenirs des films des Archives de la Planète. Pour cela, la thèse s’appuie sur la totalité des archives administratives du Musée Albert Kahn, sur les archives d’Albert Kahn et sur ses nombreux proches, sur les archives départementales et nationales ou encore à travers des enquêtes menés dans les archives de l’INA, des centres d’art et les archives du film. En s’intéressant, dans un premier temps, à la figure kahnienne à travers la construction des discours contemporains ou posthumes de Kahn, la thèse s’oriente dans un deuxième temps vers une analyse du projet visuel kahnien. En s’appuyant sur des penseurs contemporains de Kahn et sur certains de ses écrits, ce deuxième temps tente de comprendre comment les Archives de la Planète sont rendues possibles et en quoi elles s’inscrivent dans une pensée de l’image à la fois globale et spécifique. Enfin, la troisième partie de ce travail explore, premièrement, la « mise en disponibilités » des films des Archives de la Planète en partant de la mort d’Albert Kahn jusqu’au début des années 2000 en s’appuyant sur l’histoire de l’institution muséale et sur ses satellites – comme la « Cinémathèque de Boulogne ». Le deuxième temps de la troisième partie ouvre la réflexion en se concentrant sur les devenirs des Archives de la Planète à travers des études de cas d’appropriations des films kahniens dans des productions extérieures (Chris Marker, Abel Gance, Nicole Vedrès, Frédéric Rossif etc.) et à la télévision
The main approach of this PhD is to focus on the visual project within Albert Kahn’s work and to broaden the scope by studying what will become of the films from the Archives of the Planet. To achieve this goal, the thesis draws on the whole administrative archives of the Albert Kahn Museum, on the archives of Albert Kahn and his numerous relatives, on the departmental and national archives and through investigations conducted in the archives of the INA (the National Institute for Audio-visual Media), art centres and the film’s archives. By first looking at the kahnian figure through the construction of Kahn’s contemporary and posthumous speeches, the thesis then takes a turn towards an analysis of the kahnian visual project. As it draws on thinkers contemporary to Kahn and on some of his writings, this second part attempts to grasp how the Archives of the Planet have been made possible and how they are embedded in a thinking, both global and specific, on images. Finally, the third part of this work first delves into the period when the films of the Archives of the Planet were “made available” from Albert Kahn’s death to the early 2000s, by drawing on the history of the museal institution and its satellites – such as the “Cinémathèque de Boulogne.” The third part then opens up the reflection by focusing on the futures of the Archives of the Planet and, by studying cases of appropriation of the kahnian films in external productions (Chris Marker, Abel Gance, Nicole Vedrès, Frédéric Rossif etc.) and on television

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Genoudet, Adrien. « L’effervescence des images : les archives de la Planète d’Albert Kahn (1908-2018) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080070.

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Godinho, Tiago Marques. « Distributed PACS : performance and availability ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11679.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
A imagem médica é hoje um meio complementar de diagnóstico fundamental nas instituições de saúde. Historicamente, estes meios têm custos muito significativos para as instituições, quer em aquisição de equipamentos, quer na manutenção da infraestrutura. Numa ótica da redução de custos operacionais e melhoria dos processos, as instituições médicas tem explorado os avanços na área das Tecnologias da Informação, com o objetivo de melhorar a aquisição, arquivo, distribuição e visualização dos estudos. Estes sistemas, denominados como PACS, começaram por se impor no interior das instituições. No entanto, a tendência atual é para interligar essas redes, criando ambientes de trabalho geograficamente distribuídos. O bom desempenho destas redes é fundamental para suportar a prática clínica, nomeadamente, no que diz respeito à latência associada às comunicações. Assim, é vital desenvolver tecnologias para melhorar o desempenho, segurança e robustez destas redes. Esta dissertação propõe e avalia um conjunto de soluções tecnológicas que objetivam melhorar a utilização de PACS em ambientes distribuídos.
Nowadays, medical imaging is used as a primary method of diagnosis in healthcare institutions. Typically, those environments have huge costs related to acquisition equipment and infrastructure maintenance. In order to reduce costs and improve workflows, healthcare institutions have been exploring new information technologies to support the acquisition, storage, distribution and visualization of medical imaging studies. Those systems, denominated as PACS, are very used inside the institutions’ networks. However, the actual tendency in PACS is to interconnect multiple institutional systems, thus creating geographically distributed medical imaging networks. The performance of these architectures must not delay or deteriorate the medical processes. As a result, the development of new technologies is fundamental to improve the performance, safety and reliability of these architectures. This thesis proposes and assesses a set of technological approaches that aim to improve PACS deployment and utilization in distributed environments.

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Margolis, Michael C. « Upgradeable operational availability forecasting tool for the U.S. Navy P-3 replacement aircraft / ». Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FMargolis.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Arnold H. Buss, David A. Schrady. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-108). Also available online.

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Smith, Katherine. « "Comparison of Energy Availability and Body Image between Female and Male Runners" ». The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398890269.

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Barannik, Vlad, Y. Babenko, S. Shulgin et M. Parkhomenko. « Video encoding to increase video availability in telecommunication systems ». Thesis, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2020. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/16582.

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Article shows presence of the imbalance caused by insufficient level of productivity of modern and perspective information communication technologies concerning information intensity of bit streams. It is described how imbalance level reducing can be formed as a result of increasing of information processing technologies efficiency and that JPEG platform is the basic concept for construction of technologies of compression representation. Therefore it is proposed to provide further development of video processing methods using individual components of the JPEG platform for improving the integrity of information in terms of ensuring the required level of its availability.:

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Rahman, Maksudur. « Response of uncut and multicut forage sorghum to nitrogen fertilizer under different environmental conditions and water availability / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18441.pdf.

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Kostic, Vladica, et Sjöberg Mikael. « Hur blir en stad konkurrenskraftig på den internationella kongressmarknaden ? : En analys av Stockholm som mötesdestination ». Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3805.

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Background: The increasing globalization of business and research has led to an increased demand for international meetings. This is a market that a number of countries wish to access and the competition is fierce to get the chance to host major conferences. Stockholm has a pronounced good position in the international meeting market and this essay will examine what it takes to be a successful meeting destination for international congresses.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the fundamental factors that must be met for a meeting destination to be successful in the international market for conventions.

Question at issue: How can a city develop into a more attractive meeting destination for international congresses?

Method: Persons with key positions in the Stockholm meeting industry have been approached by qualitative interviews by the authors.

Theory: As a theoretical framework the authors used the value of the physical meeting, generally on the congresses, the planning process for site selection for the meeting, the meeting platform and image.

Conclusion: The authors' findings are based on the empirical material gathered during the study interviews. The results from these interviews show the importance of facilities and hotels, availability, and the image.

Bakgrund: Den ökade globaliseringen av företag och forskning har lett till en ökad efterfrågan av internationella möten. Detta är en marknad som många länder vill ta del av och konkurrensen är hård om att få chansen att arrangera större kongresser. Stockholm har idag en uttalad god position på den internationella mötesmarknaden och denna uppsats ämnar undersöka vad som krävs för att bli en framgångsrik mötesdestination för internationella kongresser.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilka grundläggande faktorer som måste uppfyllas för att en mötesdestination ska bli framgångsrik på den internationella marknaden för kongresser.

Frågeställning: Hur kan en stad utvecklas till att bli en mer attraktiv mötesdestination för internationella kongresser?

Metod: Författarna har använt sig av kvalitativa intervjuer med några av Stockholms mötesindustris nyckelpersoner.

Teori: Som teoretisk referensram har författarna använt sig av värdet av det fysiska mötet, allmänt om kongresser, planeringsprocessen för val av plats för möte, mötesplattformen samt image.

Slutsats: Författarnas slutsatser baseras på det empiriska material som insamlats under studiens intervjuer. Resultaten från dessa intervjuer visar på vikten av faciliteter och hotell, tillgänglighet samt image.

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Doss, Farrell Dean. « Clothing availability from department and speciality stores : implications for self-esteem, body satisfaction, and design line preference of large-size women ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41896.

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Marisco, Francele Moreira. « Direito à imagem e possibilidades repersonalizadoras do direito privado : a problemática dos contratos de imagem dos atletas profissionais de futebol ». Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3967.

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-23T13:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranceleMariscoDireito.pdf: 931023 bytes, checksum: 872d764f1267812fa119026d56782011 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-23T13:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranceleMariscoDireito.pdf: 931023 bytes, checksum: 872d764f1267812fa119026d56782011 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-22
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O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de demonstrar a importância da proteção jurídica da imagem do atleta profissional de futebol frente aos avanços tecnológicos que acarretam situações de riscos à personalidade humana, bem como à investigação da possibilidade relativa de disponibilidade desse direito de personalidade. O problema é que a disponibilidade desse direito, através do contrato de licença de uso de imagem, volta-se geralmente apenas para o aspecto econômico da pessoa em si, não para a valorização da pessoa humana. Dessa forma, impõem a pesquisa e a reflexão sobre o direito à imagem, o qual é considerado um direito de personalidade, com vistas à sua integral proteção. A imagem do jogador de futebol, como sendo um excelente apelo à publicidade, ganhou tamanha importância que a sua imagem chega a se relacionar com o próprio contrato de trabalho, sendo muitas vezes confundido com este. Assim, torna-se necessário delinear os contornos essenciais do direito à imagem, ainda mais por ser um direito típico, reconhecido e protegido pela legislação, não se confundindo com outros direitos da personalidade, em face da sua autonomia. Como o direito à imagem é um direito de personalidade, buscou-se, após uma análise dos direitos de personalidade, obter uma nova dimensão desse direito, centrado na pessoa humana e não no patrimônio, a qual compreenderá as soluções para as lesões ao direito à imagem. E, através do fenômeno da repersonalização do direito privado, deve-se ter o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana como valor guia e princípio supremo da ordem jurídica. Portanto, pretende-se que o direito à imagem do atleta profissional de futebol, venha a ser concretamente protegido pela cláusula geral de tutela e promoção da pessoa humana, com um deslocamento conceitual rumo à pessoa concreta do atleta, principalmente quando se fala na disponibilidade relativa do exercício do direito à imagem tão claramente na imagem dos atletas de futebol.
The thesis is developed in order to demonstrate the importance of legal protection of the image of professional football player because of technological advances, which carry to situations of risk to human personality, as well as this work researches the possible availability of this right of personality. The problem is that the availability of that right, through the license agreement for the use of the image, usually is focused only about the economic aspect of the person itself, not valuing the human being. Therefore, it is required a research and a study about the right of the image, which is understood as a right of personality, in regard of its full protection. The image of a football player, as being a good call for advertising, has gained such importance that his image is related to his own employment contract, and not rarely it is mixed up with this. Thus, it is necessary to point out the essential characteristics on the right of the image, especially because this is distinctive right, recognized and protected by law, not being confused with other rights of personality, for its autonomy. As the right of the image a right of personality, the present work has sought, after an analysis of the rights of personality, a new aspect of this right, focusing on the human being and not on the wealth, that includes solutions for the injuries that may happen in the right of the image. And, through the phenomenon of the repersonalization of the private law, one must have the principle of human dignity as a guide value and supreme principle of the law. Consequently, it is intended that the right of the image of the professional football player will become specifically protected by the general principle of the protection and the promotion of the human being, with a conceptual turn towards the concrete person of the athlete, especially when it comes on the relative availability of the exercise of the right of the image so clearly when it regards the football players.

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Livres sur le sujet "Availability of images"

Repensar el derecho de autor y el derecho de copia en la era digital : Diálogo sobre artes, regulación y disponibilidad de la cultura = Rethinking copyright and right to copy in the digital age : dialogue on arts, regulation and availability of culture. Ciudad de México, D.F : Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2014.

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Goodman, Lawrence R. Imaging the respiratory system in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0078.

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Routine radiographs are not cost effective in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Most published guidelines agree that radiographs are worthwhile after insertion of tubes or catheters, and in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Otherwise, they are required only for change in the patient’s clinical status. Picture archiving and communication systems utilize digital imaging technology. They provide superior quality images, rapid image availability at multiple sites, and fewer repeat examinations, reducing both cost and patient radiation. Disadvantages of picture archiving and communication systems include expensive equipment and personnel required to keep them functioning. The majority of chest X-ray abnormalities in the ICU are best understood by paying careful attention to the initial appearance of the X-ray in relation to the patient’s onset of symptoms and the progression of abnormalities over the next few days.

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Lirette, Lesley, et Marc A. Huntoon. Atlanto-Axial Joint Injection : Computed Tomography and Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0012.

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Atlanto-axial (AA) joint injections can be helpful in the diagnosis and management of occipital headaches stemming from the AA joint. Because of the complicated anatomic landscape, imaging guidance is vital in addition to a sound understanding of the anatomy. Several different image modalities are available for use in AA joint blocks. Fluoroscopy is the most widely used for its familiarity, relative low cost, and wide availability. The addition of digital subtraction angiography to the conventional fluoroscope offers an additional safety benefit when performing injections near critical blood vessels. Computed tomography guidance offers a better view that allows for visualization of the soft-tissue structures; however, its risk/benefit ratio limits its use in the everyday pain practice. Flat detector CT may offer a promising compromise, incorporating delayed CT images into the conventional fluoroscopy procedure. Safety is the highest priority when performing AA joint blocks to prevent potentially devastating outcomes.

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Reliability and Availability of Quality Control Based on Wavelet Computer Vision. Springer, 2014.

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Turney, Ben, et John Reynard. Ureteric stones. Sous la direction de John Reynard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0025.

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This chapter summarizes the variety of ways in which ureteric stones can present together with non-radiological and radiological diagnostic tests used to identify them. Ureteric stones classically present with sudden onset, severe loin pain with or without radiation to the groin, testis, or labia majora. The urgent desire to pass urine, combined with increased urinary frequency and the passage of small voided volumes of urine is suggestive of a vesicoureteric junction stone. Haematuria as a presenting symptom of a ureteric stone is rare. Magnetic resonance (MR) urography is an accurate imaging test for identifying ureteric stones. However, at the present time, cost, restricted availability and limited experience in interpretation of the images by radiologists and urologists limit its usefulness as a routine diagnostic method of imaging in cases of acute flank pain.

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Ashley, Kathleen. Cultures of Devotion. Sous la direction de Judith Bennett et Ruth Karras. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.013.007.

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Cultures of devotion in multiple forms were central to medieval lives, and because of their significance they became sites for defining and negotiating gender identities and issues. The essay first examines whether participation in communal rituals and popular devotion was open to women as well as to men. A second issue was the availability of membership for women in the religious orders, and a third was the relationship between male religious authorities and the women who sought a life of holiness, whether in or out of traditional communities. Other topics involve the gendered role of visual images and material objects in stimulating mystical experiences, and the role of devotional texts explicitly addressed to women. Finally, the essay takes up the destabilizing of gender identities in the language of medieval spirituality. In all cases, new paradigms and scholarship of the last forty years have challenged previous assertions about religious culture.

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Forster, Chris. The Pornometric Gospel. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840860.003.0003.

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The chapter argues that the aesthetic ideology and justification of the centrality of the female nude in art was affected by the widespread circulation of cheap reproductions of nudes (in Salon catalogs or on postcards). While the genre of the nude was central to art, and the training of artists, this value was undermined by the widespread availability of “pornographic” nudes. This chapter traces the response to this altered condition in the work of two artists: Walter Sickert and Wyndham Lewis. Sickert’s Camden Town nudes attempt to recuperate the nude for art through a gritty realism. Wyndham Lewis’s novel Tarr, however, rejects the nude as a subject for art entirely and develops an entire aesthetics predicated on the rejection of the naked body as an appropriate subject for art. The author traces this rejection to the changed status of the nude in an era of mechanically reproduced images.

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Andrade, Maria João, et Albert Varga. Stress echocardiography : methodology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0012.

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Stress echocardiography is the combination of echocardiography with a physical, pharmacological, or electrical stress. Good quality images are absolutely necessary and a quad-screen format should be applied for comparative analysis. Different stress echo protocols can be used in different pathologies. Exercise echocardiography has the advantages of its wide availability, low cost, and versatility for the assessment of various cardiac conditions. The most usual pathologies are suspected or known ischaemic heart disease, mitral and aortic valve diseases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Among exercise-independent stresses, dobutamine and dipyridamole are the most frequently used. Dobutamine is widely accepted for the evaluation of myocardial viability. The two tests have comparable accuracy for the detection of coronary artery disease. Ergonovine echo is highly feasible, accurate, and safe for the diagnosis of coronary vasospasm. High-rate pacing is especially appropriate in patients with a permanent pacemaker because non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in these patients is an extremely difficult task.

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Mc Ardle, Brian A., Jennifer M. Renaud, Robert A. deKemp et Rob S. B. Beanlands. Role of PET in Diagnosis and Risk Assessment in Patients with Known or Suspected CAD. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0020.

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Cardiac PET enables evaluation of multiple aspects of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, cell signaling and function that are of value both for diagnosis and prognostication in patients with known or suspected CAD and its use has increased in the past three decades. PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) offers several technological advantages over SPECT including; higher photon energy, higher count sensitivity, more consistent attenuation correction and the ability to measure myocardial blood flow in absolute terms. These result in faster imaging times, lower patient radiation exposure and increased diagnostic accuracy. However the availability of PET MPI remains limited, predominantly due to expense. Efforts are underway to expand the use of PET MPI beyond larger centers, with lower-cost scanners and more widely available radiotracers. In this chapter we describe the latest advances in PET camera technology and image reconstruction as well as potential image artifacts specific to PET MPI. We go on to discuss diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of PET MPI as well as its role in clinical practice.

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Kastler, Bruno, et Adrian Kastler. Lumbar Sympathetic Block and Neurolysis : Computed Tomography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0031.

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Lumbar sympathetic block and neurolysis are accepted treatment procedures in patients with sympathetic mediated lower limb pain and patients with advanced peripheral arterial disease. The use of imaging guidance is highly recommended in order to achieve best possible results and to avoid complications. The high image resolution (as opposed to fluoroscopy) and high availability (as opposed to MRI) offered by CT makes it the imaging guidance technique preferred. This chapter reviews the indications of lumbar sympathetic chain blockade and neurolysis and the basic anatomical background. Then it demonstrates how CT guidance allows a step-by-step control of positioning the needle tip at the target for either lumbar blockade or alcohol neurolysis and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are summarized.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Availability of images"

Majumdar, Puspita, Akshay Agarwal, Mayank Vatsa et Richa Singh. « Facial Retouching and Alteration Detection ». Dans Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection, 367–87. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_17.

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AbstractOn the social media platforms, the filters for digital retouching and face beautification have become a common trend. With the availability of easy-to-use image editing tools, the generation of altered images has become an effortless task. Apart from this, advancements in the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) leads to creation of realistic facial images and alteration of facial images based on the attributes. While the majority of these images are created for fun and beautification purposes, they may be used with malicious intent for negative applications such as deepnude or spreading visual fake news. Therefore, it is important to detect digital alterations in images and videos. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of existing algorithms for retouched and altered image detection. Further, multiple experiments are performed to highlight the open challenges of alteration detection.

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Choiński, Mateusz, Mateusz Rogowski, Piotr Tynecki, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Marcin Churski et Jakub W. Bubnicki. « A First Step Towards Automated Species Recognition from Camera Trap Images of Mammals Using AI in a European Temperate Forest ». Dans Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management, 299–310. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_24.

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AbstractCamera traps are used worldwide to monitor wildlife. Despite the increasing availability of Deep Learning (DL) models, the effective usage of this technology to support wildlife monitoring is limited. This is mainly due to the complexity of DL technology and high computing requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the light-weight and state-of-the-art YOLOv5 architecture for automated labeling of camera trap images of mammals in the Białowieża Forest (BF), Poland. The camera trapping data were organized and harmonized using TRAPPER software, an open-source application for managing large-scale wildlife monitoring projects. The proposed image recognition pipeline achieved an average accuracy of 85% F1-score in the identification of the 12 most commonly occurring medium-size and large mammal species in BF, using a limited set of training and testing data (a total of 2659 images with animals).Based on the preliminary results, we have concluded that the YOLOv5 object detection and classification model is a fine and promising DL solution after the adoption of the transfer learning technique. It can be efficiently plugged in via an API into existing web-based camera trapping data processing platforms such as e.g. TRAPPER system. Since TRAPPER is already used to manage and classify (manually) camera trapping datasets by many research groups in Europe, the implementation of AI-based automated species classification will significantly speed up the data processing workflow and thus better support data-driven wildlife monitoring and conservation. Moreover, YOLOv5 has been proven to perform well on edge devices, which may open a new chapter in animal population monitoring in real-time directly from camera trap devices.

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Tariq, Usama, Rizwan Qureshi, Anas Zafar, Danyal Aftab, Jia Wu, Tanvir Alam, Zubair Shah et Hazrat Ali. « Brain Tumor Synthetic Data Generation with Adaptive StyleGANs ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 147–59. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26438-2_12.

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AbstractGenerative models have been very successful over the years and have received significant attention for synthetic data generation. As deep learning models are getting more and more complex, they require large amounts of data to perform accurately. In medical image analysis, such generative models play a crucial role as the available data is limited due to challenges related to data privacy, lack of data diversity, or uneven data distributions. In this paper, we present a method to generate brain tumor MRI images using generative adversarial networks. We have utilized StyleGAN2 with ADA methodology to generate high-quality brain MRI with tumors while using a significantly smaller amount of training data when compared to the existing approaches. We use three pre-trained models for transfer learning. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can learn the distributions of brain tumors. Furthermore, the model can generate high-quality synthetic brain MRI with a tumor that can limit the small sample size issues. The approach can addresses the limited data availability by generating realistic-looking brain MRI with tumors. The code is available at: https://github.com/rizwanqureshi123/Brain-Tumor-Synthetic-Data.

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Aburasain, R. Y., E. A. Edirisinghe et M. Y. Zamim. « A Coarse-to-Fine Multi-class Object Detection in Drone Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks ». Dans Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence, 12–33. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11432-8_2.

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AbstractMulti-class object detection has a rapid evolution in the last few years with the rise of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) learning based, in particular. However, the success approaches are based on high resolution ground level images and extremely large volume of data as in COCO and VOC datasets. On the other hand, the availability of the drones has been increased in the last few years and hence several new applications have been established. One of such is understanding drone footage by analysing, detecting, recognizing different objects in the covered area. In this study conducted, a collection of large images captured by a drone flying at a fixed altitude in a desert area located within the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is given and it is utilised for training and evaluating the CNN networks to be investigated. Three state-of-the-art CNN architectures, namely SSD-500 with VGGNet-16 meta-architecture, SSD-500 with ResNet meta-architecture and YOLO-V3 with Darknet-53 are optimally configured, re-trained, tested and evaluated for the detection of three different classes of objects in the captured footage, namely, palm trees, group-of-animals/cattle and animal sheds in farms. Our preliminary experiments revealed that YOLO-V3 outperformed SSD-500 with VGGNet-16 by a large margin and has a considerable improvement as compared to using SSD-500 with ResNet. Therefore, it has been selected for further investigation, aiming to propose an efficient coarse-to-fine object detection model for multi-class object detection in drone images. To this end, the impact of changing the activation function of the hidden units and the pooling type in the pooling layer has been investigated in detail. In addition, the impact of tuning the learning rate and the selection of the most effective optimization method for general hyper-parameters tuning is also investigated. The result demonstrated that the multi-class object detector developed has precision of 0.99, a recall of 0.94 and an F-score of 0.96, proving the efficiency of the multi-class object detection network developed.

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Tügel, Franziska, Ahmed Hadidi, Ilhan Özgen-Xian, Jingming Hou et Reinhard Hinkelmann. « Validation of Flash Flood Simulations Using Satellite Images and Community-Based Observations—Impact of Infiltration and Small-Scale Topographical Features ». Dans Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering : DPRI reports, 183–207. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_6.

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AbstractThis work is aimed at investigating flash floods in the region of El Gouna, Egypt, by using a 2D robust shallow-water model that incorporates the Green-Ampt model to find the most realistic infiltration setting for this desert area. The results of different infiltration settings are compared to inundation areas observed from LANDSAT 8 images as well as to community-based information and photographs to validate the results despite scarce data availability. The model tends to overestimate infiltration in the study area if tabulated Green-Ampt parameters for the dominant soil texture class are considered. Specifically, bare soils with no vegetation tend to develop a surface crust, leading to significantly decreased infiltration rates during heavy rainfalls. Comparing the results of different infiltration settings with the observed data showed that the crust approach or the consideration of sandy clay loam instead of sand led to more plausible results for the considered study area than those obtained using the values for sand from two different sources in the literature. Furthermore, small-scale structures, which are not appropriately captured in the original digital surface model, but significantly affect the resulting flow field, have been included based on the available information leading to much more plausible results.

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Hanczewski, Sławomir, Maciej Stasiak et Michał Weissenberg. « The Analytical Model of Complex Non-Full-Availability System ». Dans Image Processing and Communications, 279–86. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31254-1_33.

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Hanczewski, Sławomir, et Michał Weissenberg. « Simulation Studies of a Complex Non-Full-Availability Systems ». Dans Image Processing and Communications, 303–10. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31254-1_36.

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Holst, Dirk, Daniel Schoepflin et Thorsten Schüppstuhl. « Generation of Synthetic AI Training Data for Robotic Grasp-Candidate Identification and Evaluation in Intralogistics Bin-Picking Scenarios ». Dans Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 284–92. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_28.

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AbstractRobotic bin picking remains a main challenge for the wide enablement of industrial robotic tasks. While AI-enabled picking approaches are encouraging they repeatedly face the problem of data availability. The scope of this paper is to present a method that combines analytical grasp research with the field of synthetic data creation to generate individual training data for use-cases in intralogistics transportation scenarios. Special attention is given to systematic grasp finding for new objects and unknown geometries in transportation bins and to match the generated data to a real two-finger parallel gripper. The presented approach includes a grasping simulation in Pybullet to investigate the general tangibility of objects under uncertainty and combines these findings with a previously reported virtual scene generator in Blender, which generates AI-images of fully packed transport boxes, including depth maps and necessary annotations. This paper, therefore, contributes a synthesizing and cross-topic approach that combines different facets of bin-picking research such as geometric analysis, determination of tangibility of objects, grasping under uncertainty, finding grasps in dynamic and restricted bin-environments, and automation of synthetic data generation. The approach is utilized to generate synthetic grasp training data and to train a grasp-generating convolutional neural network (GG-CNN) and demonstrated on real-world objects.

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Braaksma-Besselink, Yvette, et Hinke Marijke Jellema. « Diplopia ». Dans Surgery in and around the Orbit, 149–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40697-3_6.

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AbstractBinocular single vision is based upon the fusion of two retinal images, one perceived by each eye, into a single percept. This phenomenon is called fusion, one of the stages of an intricate system of processes taking place in the brain. In order to direct our eyes to a focus of attention, six extraocular muscles per eye—each innervated by three extracranial nerves—control ocular movement. This operating system can be disrupted easily. Orbital diseases may impede the function of these muscles and nerves leading to strabismus and, eventually, (gaze-dependent) diplopia.Orthoptic investigation and diagnosis can help in the treatment of this group of patients. Orthoptic investigation is constructed by several steps which will lead to a full picture of the binocular system, and includes determining ocular deviation, binocular function, and ocular motility.Based upon these results, the orthoptist may provide temporary measures, such as prisms or occlusion to lessen the burden of diplopia. In case of lasting diplopia, strabismus surgery can alleviate part of this diplopia. However, restricted eye movements, incomitant deviation, and severe cyclotorsion may hamper the field of binocular single vision, even despite the availability of various surgical options. Careful explanation and a multidisciplinary treatment of orbital patients is necessary to guide them through the treatment process.

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Neves, João C., Ruben Tolosana, Ruben Vera-Rodriguez, Vasco Lopes, Hugo Proença et Julian Fierrez. « GAN Fingerprints in Face Image Synthesis ». Dans Multimedia Forensics, 175–204. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7621-5_8.

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AbstractThe availability of large-scale facial databases, together with the remarkable progresses of deep learning technologies, in particular Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), have led to the generation of extremely realistic fake facial content, raising obvious concerns about the potential for misuse. Such concerns have fostered the research on manipulation detection methods that, contrary to humans, have already achieved astonishing results in various scenarios. This chapter is focused on the analysis of GAN fingerprints in face image synthesis.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Availability of images"

Nguyen, Huy H., T. Ngoc-Dung Tieu, Hoang-Quoc Nguyen-Son, Vincent Nozick, Junichi Yamagishi et Isao Echizen. « Modular Convolutional Neural Network for Discriminating between Computer-Generated Images and Photographic Images ». Dans ARES 2018 : International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3230863.

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Shi, Xiaowei, Fenlin Liu, Daofu Gong et Jing Jing. « An Authentication Watermark Algorithm for JPEG images ». Dans 2009 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2009.8.

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Nourian, Arash, et Muthucumaru Maheswaran. « Measuring the Availability of Images Posted on Social Media Sites ». Dans 2012 21st International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks - ICCCN 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2012.6289206.

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Muraki, Tomoya, Shintaro Oishi, Masatsugu Ichino, Isao Echizen et Hiroshi Yoshiura. « Anonymizing Face Images by Using Similarity-Based Metric ». Dans 2013 Eighth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2013.68.

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Cheng, Hang, Xinpeng Zhang, Jiang Yu et Fengyong Li. « Markov Process Based Retrieval for Encrypted JPEG Images ». Dans 2015 10th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2015.18.

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Liu, Huajian, Martin Steinebach et Kathrin Schölei. « Improved Manipulation Detection with Convolutional Neural Network for JPEG Images ». Dans ARES '19 : 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340526.

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Yannikos, York, et Chistian Winter. « Model-Based Generation of Synthetic Disk Images for Digital Forensic Tool Testing ». Dans 2013 Eighth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2013.65.

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Da Silva, Caio Cesar Viana, et Jefersson Alex Dos Santos. « Open Set Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images ». Dans Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2020.12985.

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The development of computational vision approaches that exploit satellite imagery is relatively recent, mainly due to the limited availability of this type of image. In the area of remote sensing, applications that employ computational vision techniques are modeled for classification in closed set scenarios. However, the world is not purely closed set, many scenarios present classes that are not previously known by the algorithm, an open set scenario. Thus, the main objective of this paper is the study and development of semantic segmentation techniques considering the open set scenario applied to remote sensing images. Focusing on this problem, this is the first work to study and develop semantic segmentation techniques for open set scenarios applied to remote sensing images. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) a discussion of related works in open set semantic segmentation, showing evidence that these techniques can be adapted for open set remote sensing tasks; 2) the development and evaluation of four novel approaches for open set semantic segmentation. Our methods yielded competitive results when compared to closed set methods for the same dataset

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Domingues, Patricio, et Alexandre Frazão Rosário. « Deep Learning-based Facial Detection and Recognition in Still Images for Digital Forensics ». Dans ARES '19 : 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340107.

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Kowalczyk, Marcin, Agnieszka Malanowska, Wojciech Mazurczyk et Krzysztof Cabaj. « Web Page Harvesting for Automatized Large-scale Digital Images Anomaly Detection ». Dans ARES 2022 : The 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3538969.3544471.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Availability of images"

Boopalan, Santhana. Aerial Wildlife Image Repository. Mississippi State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54718/wvgf3020.

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The availability of an ever-improving repository of datasets allows machine learning algorithms to have a robust training set of images, which in turn allows for accurate detection and classification of wildlife. This repository (AWIR---Aerial Wildlife Image Repository) would be a step in creating a collaborative rich dataset both in terms of taxa of animals and in terms of the sensors used to observe (visible, infrared, Lidar etc.). Initially, priority would be given to wildlife species hazardous to aircrafts, and common wildlife damage-associated species. AWIR dataset is accompanied by a classification benchmarking website showcasing examples of state-of-the-art algorithms recognizing the wildlife in the images.

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Kholoshyn, Ihor V., Olga V. Bondarenko, Olena V. Hanchuk et Iryna M. Varfolomyeyeva. Cloud technologies as a tool of creating Earth Remote Sensing educational resources. [б. в.], juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3885.

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This article is dedicated to the Earth Remote Sensing (ERS), which the authors believe is a great way to teach geography and allows forming an idea of the actual geographic features and phenomena. One of the major problems that now constrains the active introduction of remote sensing data in the educational process is the low availability of training aerospace pictures, which meet didactic requirements. The article analyzes the main sources of ERS as a basis for educational resources formation with aerospace images: paper, various individual sources (personal stations receiving satellite information, drones, balloons, kites and balls) and Internet sources (mainstream sites, sites of scientific-technical organizations and distributors, interactive Internet geoservices, cloud platforms of geospatial analysis). The authors point out that their geospatial analysis platforms (Google Earth Engine, Land Viewer, EOS Platform, etc.), due to their unique features, are the basis for the creation of information thematic databases of ERS. The article presents an example of such a database, covering more than 800 aerospace images and dynamic models, which are combined according to such didactic principles as high information load and clarity.

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Struthers, Kim. Natural resource conditions at Fort Pulaski National Monument : Findings and management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300064.

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The National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division’s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program initiated an NRCA project with Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU) in 2022. The purpose of an NRCA is to synthesize information related to the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions at a park and to report conditions for natural resource topics selected by park managers. Resource conditions are evaluated as either a condition assessment or a gap analysis, depending on data availability. For FOPU’s NRCA, managers selected salt marsh, shorebirds, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and butterflies as the focal resources. FOPU is comprised of two islands in coastal Georgia, McQueens and Cockspur, which are separated by the Savannah River near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. Cockspur Island contains the 19th century masonry fort, Fort Pulaski, and the monument’s visitor services and facilities and is primarily constructed with dredge material from the Savannah River. McQueens Island is almost entirely salt marsh habitat and most of its area is eligible federal wilderness, containing one of Georgia’s oyster recreational harvest areas (RHAs), Oyster Creek RHA. Both McQueens and Cockspur islands are designated as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Area (MPA), underscoring FOPU’s natural resource significance. Riverine, freshwater, and estuarine wetlands cover 83.81% of FOPU, with the latter accounting for almost 99% of all monument wetlands. Persistently emergent vegetation of smooth cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) and unconsolidated shore represent the dominant wetland types. McQueens Island estuarine wetlands were evaluated for 11 functions and were rated primarily as high functioning, except for the wetland north of Highway 80, where the causeway has altered its ability to function properly. The wetland west of the Highway 80 bend is composed of unconsolidated material so was rated as moderately functioning in carbon sequestration, retention of sediments, and shore stabilization. In contrast, the unconsolidated shore wetland in the Oyster Creek RHA, where the highest concentration of FOPU’s oysters occurs, were rated high for all expected wetland functions. In 2013, over 75% of the total oyster area from within four of Georgia’s RHAs was in the Oyster Creek RHA. A spectral analysis of oyster density in Oyster Creek RHA, comparing 2013 and 2018 images, reported an increase in the high-density class, a decrease in the moderate-low class, and an increase in the no oyster class, with the latter likely a function of how oyster areas were drawn between the images. A successful 2013 enhanced reef project in Oyster Creek RHA reported a pre-enhancement oyster area of 2.68 m2 (28.8 ft2) that increased to 894.2 m2 (0.22 ac) of oysters by 2018. FOPU’s extensive salt marsh habitat and beaches provide critical food sources and habitat for shorebirds in the Atlantic Flyway, especially during the pre-breeding season. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), and the federally threatened rufa subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) are identified as high priority species in the flyway and have been observed on Cockspur Island during the Manomet International Shorebird Surveys (2019–2022) at FOPU. The USFWS (2023) is seeking additional critical habitat designation, which will include Cockspur Island, for the rufa subspecies of Red Knot, whose estimated population abundance trend is declining throughout its entire range. FOPU’s non-wetland, upland habitat is primarily located on Cockspur Island and supports vegetation that can serve as host, roost and/or nectar plants for pollinators, especially butterflies. Cedar–Live Oak–Cabbage Palmetto (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola–Q. virginiana–Sabal palmetto) Marsh Hammock and Cabbage Palmetto Woodland contain the most diversity of beneficial butterfly plants. While a comprehensive butterfly inventory is needed, fall migration surveys have recorded three target species of the Butterflies of the Atlantic Flyway (BAFA): monarch (Danaus plexippus), gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae), and cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae). Collectively, FOPU’s natural resources are affected by the sea level, which has risen by 0.35 m (1.15 ft) from 1935 to 2022. Hardened shorelines, such as causeways or armored structures, are identified as the greatest threat to the salt marsh habitat’s ability to migrate upland with continued sea level rise. Erosion along Cockspur Island’s north shore is an ongoing issue and FOPU managers have been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop solutions to address the erosion, while also creating habitat for shorebirds. Several agencies routinely monitor for water and sediment pollution in and around FOPU, which, if managed collectively, can inform landscape-level management actions to address drivers that are influencing resource conditions at the ecosystem level.

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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni et Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption : Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.

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As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.

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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor

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