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1

Thyer, Bruce A. "Agoraphobia: A Superstitious Conditioning Perspective." Psychological Reports 58, no. 1 (1986): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.1.95.

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The disabling escape and avoidance behaviors of agoraphobics are known to be psychological sequelae to the onset of apparently spontaneous attacks of severe anxiety. Evidence is cited in favor of the view that such spontaneous panic attacks have a biological etiology and that the avoidance rituals and escape behavior of the agoraphobic may be accounted for in terms of superstitious conditioning. Although panic attacks subside within a few minutes, in most cases, regardless of the activities of the individual, ongoing operant behavior such as flight may be adventitiously reinforced by the remov
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Takigami, Satoshi, Hiroshi Sunada, Ken Lukowiak, and Manabu Sakakibara. "Spaced taste avoidance conditioning in Lymnaea." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 107 (January 2014): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.022.

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Browning, Richard T., and Walter Isaac. "Preexposure to the UCS affects avoidance conditioning." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 27, no. 1 (1989): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03329896.

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Xu, Xiaojuan, Theodora Scott-Scheiern, Leah Kempker, and Katie Simons. "Active avoidance conditioning in zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 87, no. 1 (2007): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2006.06.002.

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Gracia, Luis, Antonio Sala, and Fabricio Garelli. "A path conditioning method with trap avoidance." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 60, no. 6 (2012): 862–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2012.01.009.

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Heidt, Robert S., Lisa M. Sweeterman, Richelle L. Carlonas, Jeff A. Traub, and Francis X. Tekulve. "Avoidance of Soccer Injuries with Preseason Conditioning." American Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 5 (2000): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280050601.

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Orlosk, Jaimie L., Jenna M. Walker, Ariel L. Morrison, and Jelle Atema. "Conditioning the crabCarcinus maenasagainst instinctive light avoidance." Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 44, no. 6 (2011): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2011.644059.

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Frazier, Thomas W. "AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING OF HEART RATE IN HUMANS." Psychophysiology 3, no. 2 (2007): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02694.x.

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Shammas, R. A., A. L. Denison, T. W. Pfennig, D. P. Hemker, and R. B. Stephenson. "Baroreflex unimpaired by operant avoidance or classical aversive conditioning in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, no. 6 (1988): R1025—R1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.6.r1025.

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Previous studies showed that baroreflex control of heart rate is impaired during operant shock avoidance conditioning and classical aversive conditioning. However, the effects of such "emotionally stressful" paradigms on the ability of the baroreflex to control arterial pressure have not been directly assessed. We prepared the carotid sinus regions of dogs for reversible isolation from the systemic circulation, and we derived complete stimulus-response relations for the effects of carotid sinus pressure on both heart rate and arterial pressure. For any given carotid sinus pressure, arterial pr
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10

Feng, Min, Nathan L. Sparkman, Nan Sui, and Ming Li. "A drug–drug conditioning paradigm reveals multiple antipsychotic–nicotine interactions." Journal of Psychopharmacology 31, no. 4 (2016): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881116681471.

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Clinical studies indicate a reciprocal impact between nicotine use and antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia. The present study used a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test (a behavioral test of antipsychotic effect) and examined the specific drug–drug interactions between nicotine and haloperidol or clozapine. Following acquisition of the avoidance response, rats were first tested under either vehicle, nicotine (0.2, 0.4 mg/kg, sc), haloperidol (0.025, 0.05 mg/kg, sc), clozapine (5.0, 10.0 mg/kg, sc), or a combination of nicotine and haloperidol or nicotine and clozapin
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Brennan, Francis X., Kevin D. Beck, and Richard J. Sevatius. "Leverpress escape/avoidance conditioning in rats: Safety signal length and avoidance performance." Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science 38, no. 1 (2002): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02734259.

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Izquierdo, Ivan, Cristiane R. G. Furini, and Jociane C. Myskiw. "Fear Memory." Physiological Reviews 96, no. 2 (2016): 695–750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00018.2015.

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Fear memory is the best-studied form of memory. It was thoroughly investigated in the past 60 years mostly using two classical conditioning procedures (contextual fear conditioning and fear conditioning to a tone) and one instrumental procedure (one-trial inhibitory avoidance). Fear memory is formed in the hippocampus (contextual conditioning and inhibitory avoidance), in the basolateral amygdala (inhibitory avoidance), and in the lateral amygdala (conditioning to a tone). The circuitry involves, in addition, the pre- and infralimbic ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the central amygdala subnucl
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D'Agata, Velia, and Sebastiano Cavallaro. "Hippocampal gene expression profiles in passive avoidance conditioning." European Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 10 (2003): 2835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2003.03025.x.

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Janak, Patricia H., Geoffrey Keppel, and Joe L. Martinez. "Cocaine enhances retention of avoidance conditioning in rats." Psychopharmacology 106, no. 3 (1992): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02245422.

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France, R. L. "Low pH avoidance by crayfish (Orconectes virilis): evidence for sensory conditioning." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 2 (1985): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-039.

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Avoidance responses of crayfish (Orconectes virilis) to low pH were tested for individuals from two populations, one inhabiting a reference lake and one from a lake experimentally acidified over a 5-year period to a mean summer epilimnetic pH of 5.3. Adult and yearling crayfish from the reference population displayed a strong avoidance of potentially lethal water of pH 4.5 and below. However, there was no avoidance demonstrated to water above pH 5.0, which is known to seriously impair reproduction of this species. Animals from the acidified lake had noticeably reduced avoidance, significant at
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Rorick-Kehn, Linda M., and Joseph E. Steinmetz. "Amygdalar unit activity during three learning tasks: Eyeblink classical conditioning, Pavlovian fear conditioning, and signaled avoidance conditioning." Behavioral Neuroscience 119, no. 5 (2005): 1254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.119.5.1254.

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Lee, Seung Hee. "A Comparative Review onNegative Reinforcement and Escape-Avoidance Conditioning." Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders 34, no. 1 (2018): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33770/jebd.34.1.4.

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18

Zhuikov, A. Y., P. A. Couvillon, and M. E. Bitterman. "Quantitative two-process analysis of avoidance conditioning in goldfish." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 20, no. 1 (1994): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.20.1.32.

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19

Siddle, David A. T., and Nigel W. Bond. "Avoidance learning, Pavlovian conditioning, and the development of phobias." Biological Psychology 27, no. 2 (1988): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(88)90048-8.

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Blundo, C., and C. Ricci. "Avoidance conditioning in amnesia: a single case experimental study." Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 10, no. 2 (1989): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02333618.

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Griffin, Andrea S. "Socially acquired predator avoidance: Is it just classical conditioning?" Brain Research Bulletin 76, no. 3 (2008): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.005.

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22

Michael Cassady, J. "Avoidance and classical conditioning of leg flexion in dogs." Behavioural Brain Research 77, no. 1-2 (1996): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(95)00174-3.

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23

Yakimovskii, Аndrey F. "The influence of acizol into effects of picrotoxin, injected in rat’s neostriatum." Medical academic journal 19, no. 2 (2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj19257-62.

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The aim of the article. The article is devoted to investigation of of zinc donator acizol influence to rat’s behavior, broken by intrastriatal injection of GABA-A receptor antagonist picrotoxin.
 Materials and methods. Adult male Wistar rats with avoidance conditioning reflexes in “shuttle box” and free locomotor activity in “open field” were used. Daily microinjection of picrotoxin (2 mcg/1 mcl) bilateral into rostral neostriatum in term of 15 days were made. Zinc donator acizol was injected intraperitoneal (24 mg/kg).
 Results. Steady losses of avoidance conditioning and choreo-mio
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24

Olson, Mikel L., Peter C. Meighan, Travis E. Brown, et al. "Hippocampal MMP-3 elevation is associated with passive avoidance conditioning." Regulatory Peptides 146, no. 1-3 (2008): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2007.07.004.

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25

Gallagher, M. "Effect of β-funaltrexamine on retention of passive-avoidance conditioning". Behavioral and Neural Biology 44, № 3 (1985): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-1047(85)90976-8.

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26

Janak, Patricia H., Jennifer J. Manly, and Joe L. Martinez. "[Leu]Enkephalin Enhances Active Avoidance Conditioning in Rats and Mice." Neuropsychopharmacology 10, no. 1 (1994): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.1994.7.

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27

Siegel, S. "Morphine-induced taste avoidance is attenuated with multiple conditioning trials." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 50, no. 2 (1995): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)00318-d.

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Brunborg, Geir Scott, Bjørn Helge Johnsen, Ståle Pallesen, Helge Molde, Rune Aune Mentzoni, and Helga Myrseth. "The Relationship Between Aversive Conditioning and Risk-avoidance in Gambling." Journal of Gambling Studies 26, no. 4 (2010): 545–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-010-9178-0.

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29

Shen, Zheng, Gang Wang, and Shu-Zhi Lin. "Two-way shuttlebox avoidance conditioning and brain NADH in rats." Physiology & Behavior 48, no. 4 (1990): 515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(90)90292-c.

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30

Sakhi, Shahin, Ann L. Trzcinski, and Ethel Tobach. "Two-way shuttlebox avoidance conditioning in three DAB rat stocks." Physiology & Behavior 43, no. 1 (1988): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(88)90108-4.

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31

Uretsky, Michael E., and Ralf G. Rahwan. "Problems of Conditioning Xenopus Laevis Tadpoles with Standard Avoidance-Response Learning Paradigms." Psychological Reports 79, no. 3 (1996): 763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.763.

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The amphibian Xenopus laevis embryo (tadpole) provides a satisfactory alternative to mammalian screening for structural teratogens. Testing was undertaken to extend the usefulness of this species for behavioral teratogenicity testing. One simple and eight operant conditioning paradigms were examined: none elicited learning in Xenopus embryos. Adaptation to the conditioning stimulus (light) and freezing in response to the unconditioned stimulus (shock) were responses incompatible with conditioned learning.
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32

Öhman, Arne. "Eggs in more than one basket: Mediating mechanisms between evolution and phobias." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 2 (1995): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038632.

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AbstractThe evolutionary origin of phobias is strongly supported by behavioral genetics and monkey vicarious conditioning data. Prepared Pavlovian conditioning may be only one of the mechanisms mediating the evolutionarily determined outcome in phobias, avoidance. Davey's alternative biased expectancy hypothesis has merit in accounting for some aspects of laboratory data, but it is insufficient to explain the unconscious origin of phobic fear.
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33

Brennan, F. X. "Genetic differences in leverpress escape/avoidance conditioning in seven mouse strains." Genes, Brain and Behavior 3, no. 2 (2004): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183x.2003.0057.x.

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Popović, Miroljub, María Caballero-Bleda, Obdulio Benavente-García, and Julián Castillo. "The flavonoid apigenin delays forgetting of passive avoidance conditioning in rats." Journal of Psychopharmacology 28, no. 5 (2013): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881113512040.

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Vilhunen, S. "Repeated antipredator conditioning: a pathway to habituation or to better avoidance?" Journal of Fish Biology 68, no. 1 (2006): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00873.x.

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Bikbulatova, L. S., A. B. Obidin, N. V. Gulyaeva, M. G. Airapetyants, and R. I. Kruglikov. "Effect of bilateral avoidance conditioning on brain lipid composition in rats." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 109, no. 4 (1990): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00840023.

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Ly, Verena, and Karin Roelofs. "Social anxiety and cognitive expectancy of aversive outcome in avoidance conditioning." Behaviour Research and Therapy 47, no. 10 (2009): 840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.015.

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Gomita, Yutaka, Showa Ueki, Nobuya Ogawa, and Yasunori Araki. "Effect of bilateral septal lesions on discrimination avoidance conditioning in rats." Physiology & Behavior 45, no. 6 (1989): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(89)90114-5.

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Becker, A., G. Grecksch, H. L. Ruethrich, and H. Matthies. "Avoidance and brightness discrimination conditioning in genetically different lines of rats." Physiology & Behavior 45, no. 2 (1989): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(89)90138-8.

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Koyama, Wataru, Ryo Hosomi, Koji Matsuda, Koichi Kawakami, Masahiko Hibi, and Takashi Shimizu. "Involvement of Cerebellar Neural Circuits in Active Avoidance Conditioning in Zebrafish." eneuro 8, no. 3 (2021): ENEURO.0507–20.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/eneuro.0507-20.2021.

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Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Masayoshi Murakami, Satoshi Watanabe, Yasuko Inokuma, and Yutaka Kirino. "In Vitro Odor-Aversion Conditioning in a Terrestrial Mollusk." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (2006): 3898–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00853.2005.

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We developed an in vitro odor-aversion conditioning system in the terrestrial mollusk, Limax, and found a behavioral correlate of network oscillation in the olfactory CNS. We first examined the odor-induced behavior of Limax, after odor-aversion conditioning in vivo. Shortening of mantle muscles was specifically observed in response to aversively conditioned odors. We previously identified that parietal nerves, which project to the mantle muscle in Limax, regulate shortening of the mantle muscle. We therefore isolated whole brains containing noses (sensory organs) and parietal nerves (motor ou
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42

Tinsley, M. R. "The Role of Muscarinic and Nicotinic Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Aversive Conditioning: Comparing Pavlovian Fear Conditioning and Inhibitory Avoidance." Learning & Memory 11, no. 1 (2004): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.70204.

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Zdun-Ryżewska, Agata, and Krzysztof Basiński. "Fear avoidance model – review of selected reports." BÓL 17, no. 4 (2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7382.

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SUMMARY: Based on the bio-psycho-social approach, fear-avoidance model can be used in situations when somebody avoids movement because of fear of pain. This model can be applied in groups of patients with low back pain and musculoskeletal pain and explains how acute pain becomes chronic. A simple behavioral model of classical and operant conditioning that explains activity avoidance was developed into a more sophisticated, cognitive-behavioral fear-avoidance model, postulating the existence of a vicious circle that causes increasing disability of patients in chronic pain. The variables involve
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Piña, Ana Luisa, Christopher Edward Ormsby, María Isabel Miranda, Nicolás Jiménez, Ricardo Tapia, and Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni. "Graft-induced Recovery of Inhibitory Avoidance Conditioning in Striatal Lesioned Rats is Related to Choline Acetyltransferase Activity." Journal of Neural Transplantation and Plasticity 5, no. 1 (1994): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.1994.11.

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Four groups of male Wistar rats showing disrupted inhibitory avoidance conditioning due to striatal lesions received either striatal or ventral mesencephalic brain grafts. Two additional non-lesioned groups were used as controls. Half of the groups was retrained in an inhibitory avoidance task at fifteen days postgraft and the other half at sixty days postgraft. Those animals receiving striatal grafts significantly improved their ability to acquire the inhibitory avoidance task at fifteen and sixty days postgraft, as opposed to those receiving mesencephalic grafts, which did not show behaviora
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Curtis, Valerie, Mícheál de Barra, and Robert Aunger. "Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1563 (2011): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0117.

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Disgust is an evolved psychological system for protecting organisms from infection through disease avoidant behaviour. This ‘behavioural immune system’, present in a diverse array of species, exhibits universal features that orchestrate hygienic behaviour in response to cues of risk of contact with pathogens. However, disgust is also a dynamic adaptive system. Individuals show variation in pathogen avoidance associated with psychological traits like having a neurotic personality, as well as a consequence of being in certain physiological states such as pregnancy or infancy. Three specialized l
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Tesone-Coelho, Carolina, Patricia Varela, João C. Escosteguy-Neto, Luiz E. Mello, and Jair G. Santos-Junior. "Ethanol-Induced Conditioning Place Avoidance Impairs Acute Stimulant Locomotor Effect of Cocaine." Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research 1 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4303/jdar/235589.

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Harrod, S. B., R. W. Flint, and D. C. Riccio. "MK-801 induced retrieval, but not acquisition, deficits for passive avoidance conditioning." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 69, no. 3-4 (2001): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00565-2.

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De Marino, V., N. Pisanti, D. Capone, and A. Gentile. "Effect of nimodipine on avoidance conditioning and psychological stress in aged rats." Pharmacological Research 22 (September 1990): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-6618(09)80200-4.

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Miklas, Phillip N., William C. Johnson, Richard Delorme, and Paul Gepts. "QTL Conditioning Physiological Resistance and Avoidance to White Mold in Dry Bean." Crop Science 41, no. 2 (2001): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.412309x.

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Xu, X., and K. Zmolek. "Nitric Oxide Scavenger Carboxy-PTIO Impaired Memory of Avoidance Conditioning in Goldfish." Open Journal of Social Sciences 02, no. 05 (2014): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.25017.

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