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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Barley Genetics »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 20 février 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Barley Genetics"

Ren, Xifeng, Yonggang Wang, Songxian Yan, Dongfa Sun et Genlou Sun. « Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 nucleotide sequence in wild and cultivated barley ». Genome 57, n^o 4 (avril 2014) : 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2014-0039.

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Spike morphology is a key characteristic in the study of barley genetics, breeding, and domestication. Variation at the six-rowed spike 1 (vrs1) locus is sufficient to control the development and fertility of the lateral spikelet of barley. To study the genetic variation of vrs1 in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), nucleotide sequences of vrs1 were examined in 84 wild barleys (including 10 six-rowed) and 20 cultivated barleys (including 10 six-rowed) from four populations. The length of the vrs1 sequence amplified was 1536 bp. A total of 40 haplotypes were identified in the four populations. The highest nucleotide diversity, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity were observed in the Southwest Asian wild barley population. The nucleotide diversity, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, and per-site nucleotide diversity in two-rowed barley were higher than those in six-rowed barley. The phylogenetic analysis of the vrs1 sequences partially separated the six-rowed and the two-rowed barley. The six-rowed barleys were divided into four groups.

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Jana, S., et L. N. Pietrzak. « Comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity. » Genetics 119, n^o 4 (1 août 1988) : 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.4.981.

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Abstract Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern Mediterranean countries, Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. Contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. Apportionment of overall diversity in the region showed that in cultivated barley within-populations diversity was of higher magnitude than the between-populations component. Neighboring populations of wild and cultivated barleys showed high degree of genetic identity. Groups of 3 or 4 isozyme loci were analyzed to detect associations among loci. Multilocus associations of varying order were detected for all three groups chosen for the analysis. Some of the association terms differed between the two species in the region. Although there was no clear evidence for decrease in diversity attributable to the domestication of barley in the region, there was an indication of different multilocus organizations in the two closely related species.

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Neale, D. B., M. A. Saghai-Maroof, R. W. Allard, Q. Zhang et R. A. Jorgensen. « Chloroplast DNA diversity in populations of wild and cultivated barley. » Genetics 120, n^o 4 (1 décembre 1988) : 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/120.4.1105.

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Abstract Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity was found within and among populations (245 accessions total) of wild barley, Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum Koch from Israel and Iran. Three polymorphic restriction sites (HindIII, EcoRI, BclI) which define three distinct cpDNA lineages were detected. One lineage is common to populations in the Hule Valley and Kinneret of northern Israel, and in Iran. The second lineage is found predominantly in the Lower Jordan Valley and Negev. The distribution of the third lineage is scattered but widespread throughout Israel. Sixty two accessions of cultivated barleys, H. vulgare L., were found, with two exceptions, to belong to just one cpDNA lineage of wild barley, indicating that the cpDNA of cultivated barley is less variable than its wild ancestor. These results demonstrate the need for assessing intraspecific cpDNA variability prior to choosing single accessions for phylogenetic constructions at the species level and higher.

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Tsuchiya, T. « Barley Genetics Newsletter ». Hereditas 73, n^o 1 (12 février 2009) : 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1973.tb01079.x.

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Lukina, K. A., O. N. Kovaleva et I. G. Loskutov. « Naked barley : taxonomy, breeding, and prospects of utilization ». Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, n^o 6 (9 octobre 2022) : 524–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-64.

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This review surveys the current state of taxonomy, origin, and utilization prospects for naked barley. The cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare L. incorporates the covered and naked barley groups. Naked barleys are divided into six-row naked barley (convar. сoeleste (L.) A. Trof.) and two-row naked barley (convar. nudum (L.) A. Trof.). The groups include botanical varieties differing in the structural features of spikes, awns, floret and spikelet glumes, and the color of kernels. The centers of morphogenesis for naked barley are scrutinized employing archeological and paleoethnobotanical data, and the diversity of its forms. Hypotheses on the centers of its origin are discussed using DNA marker data. The main areas of its cultivation are shown, along with possible reasons for such a predominating or exclusive distribution of naked barley in highland areas. Inheritance of nakedness and mechanisms of its manifestation are considered in the context of new data in genetics. The biochemical composition of barley grain in protein, some essential and nonessential amino acids, β-glucans, vitamins, and antioxidants is described. Naked barley is shown to be a valuable source of unique combinations of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers and polysaccharides. The parameters limiting wider distribution of naked barley over the world are emphasized, and breeding efforts that could mitigate them are proposed. Pathogen-resistant naked barley accessions are identified to serve as promising sources for increasing grain yield and quality. Main stages and trends of naked barley breeding are considered and the importance of the VIR global germplasm collection as the richest repository of genetic material for the development of breeding is shown.

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Sreenivasulu, Nese, Andreas Graner et Ulrich Wobus. « Barley Genomics : An Overview ». International Journal of Plant Genomics 2008 (13 mars 2008) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/486258.

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare), first domesticated in the Near East, is a well-studied crop in terms of genetics, genomics, and breeding and qualifies as a model plant for Triticeae research. Recent advances made in barley genomics mainly include the following: (i) rapid accumulation of EST sequence data, (ii) growing number of studies on transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, (iii) new modeling techniques, (iv) availability of genome-wide knockout collections as well as efficient transformation techniques, and (v) the recently started genome sequencing effort. These developments pave the way for a comprehensive functional analysis and understanding of gene expression networks linked to agronomically important traits. Here, we selectively review important technological developments in barley genomics and related fields and discuss the relevance for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships by using approaches such as genetical genomics and association studies. High-throughput genotyping platforms that have recently become available will allow the construction of high-density genetic maps that will further promote marker-assisted selection as well as physical map construction. Systems biology approaches will further enhance our knowledge and largely increase our abilities to design refined breeding strategies on the basis of detailed molecular physiological knowledge.

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Ramakrishna, Wusirika, Jorge Dubcovsky, Yong-Jin Park, Carlos Busso, John Emberton, Phillip SanMiguel et Jeffrey L. Bennetzen. « Different Types and Rates of Genome Evolution Detected by Comparative Sequence Analysis of Orthologous Segments From Four Cereal Genomes ». Genetics 162, n^o 3 (1 novembre 2002) : 1389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.3.1389.

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Abstract Orthologous regions in barley, rice, sorghum, and wheat were studied by bacterial artificial chromosome sequence analysis. General microcolinearity was observed for the four shared genes in this region. However, three genic rearrangements were observed. First, the rice region contains a cluster of 48 predicted small nucleolar RNA genes, but the comparable region from sorghum contains no homologous loci. Second, gene 2 was inverted in the barley lineage by an apparent unequal recombination after the ancestors of barley and wheat diverged, 11-15 million years ago (mya). Third, gene 4 underwent direct tandem duplication in a common ancestor of barley and wheat 29-41 mya. All four of the shared genes show the same synonymous substitution rate, but nonsynonymous substitution rates show significant variations between genes 4a and 4b, suggesting that gene 4b was largely released from the strong purifying selection that acts on gene 4a in both barley and wheat. Intergenic retrotransposon blocks, many of them organized as nested insertions, mostly account for the lower gene density of the barley and wheat regions. All but two of the retrotransposons were found in the regions between genes, while all but 2 of the 51 inverted repeat transposable elements were found as insertions in genic regions and outside the retrotransposon blocks.

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Künzel, Gottfried, Larissa Korzun et Armin Meister. « Cytologically Integrated Physical Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Maps for the Barley Genome Based on Translocation Breakpoints ». Genetics 154, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2000) : 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.1.397.

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Abstract We have developed a new technique for the physical mapping of barley chromosomes using microdissected translocation chromosomes for PCR with sequence-tagged site primers derived from >300 genetically mapped RFLP probes. The positions of 240 translocation breakpoints were integrated as physical landmarks into linkage maps of the seven barley chromosomes. This strategy proved to be highly efficient in relating physical to genetic distances. A very heterogeneous distribution of recombination rates was found along individual chromosomes. Recombination is mainly confined to a few relatively small areas spaced by large segments in which recombination is severely suppressed. The regions of highest recombination frequency (≤1 Mb/cM) correspond to only 4.9% of the total barley genome and harbor 47.3% of the 429 markers of the studied RFLP map. The results for barley correspond well with those obtained by deletion mapping in wheat. This indicates that chromosomal regions characterized by similar recombination frequencies and marker densities are highly conserved between the genomes of barley and wheat. The findings for barley support the conclusions drawn from deletion mapping in wheat that for all plant genomes, notwithstanding their size, the marker-rich regions are all of similar gene density and recombination activity and, therefore, should be equally accessible to map-based cloning.

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Cho, Seungho, David F. Garvin et Gary J. Muehlbauer. « Transcriptome Analysis and Physical Mapping of Barley Genes in Wheat–Barley Chromosome Addition Lines ». Genetics 172, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2005) : 1277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.049908.

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Konishi, T., et S. Matsuura. « Geographic differentiation in isozyme genotypes of Himalayan barley (Hordeum vulgare) ». Genome 34, n^o 5 (1 octobre 1991) : 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-108.

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Isozyme variation among Himalayan barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces was surveyed at seven loci, using 650 accessions collected from different regions. Large genetic diversities were detected at the Est1, Est2, and Est4 loci for esterase and at the Aat3 locus for aspartate aminotransferase. However, only a few variations were observed at the Pgd1 and Pgd2 loci for phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and no variation was found at the Aat2 locus. The allelic combinations observed were not randomly distributed in the Himalayas: a geographic trend was closely related to covered and naked types of barley. The covered barleys were frequently distributed in southern regions of the Himalayas and were characterized principally by the Al-Fr-At genotype at the Est1-Est2-Est4 multilocus, combined with the Mo allele at the Aat3 locus. The naked barleys were found mainly in northern regions, and most of them possessed the genotypes Ca-Un-Nz or Pr-Fr-At, together with the Eg allele. Such a nonrandom allelic distribution provides useful information for further analysis aimed at considering the history of cultivated barley in the Himalayas.Key words: Himalayan barley, genetic diversity, isozymes, geographic distribution.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Barley Genetics"

Collins, Nicholas C. « The genetics of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in barley and rice ». Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/46063.

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Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), an aphid transmitted luteovirus, is the most widespread and economically damaging virus of cereal crops. The work in this thesis aims to characterise the basis of the naturally occurring resistance to BYDV in cereals in three ways: Firstly, by facilitating the isolation of the Yd2 gene for BYDV resistance from barley by a map-based approach. Secondly, by determining if a BYDV resistance gene in rice is orthologous to Yd2. Thirdly, by establishing if other BYDV resistance genes in non- Ethiopian barleys are allelic to Yd2. It is hoped that the information generated in this study will ultimately assist in the production of BYDV resistant cereal cultivars. A detailed genetic map of the Yd2 region of barley chromosome 3 was constructed, containing 19 RFLP loci, the centromere and the Yd2 gene. Yd2 mapped on the long arm, 0.5 cM from the centromere, and in the mapping population of 106 F2 individuals, perfectly cosegregated with the RFLP loci XYlp, and Xwg889. This map represents the first stage in a project to isolate the Yd2 gene by a map-based approach. The isolation of Yd2 could help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the Yd2-mediated BYDV resistance, and may allow the production of BYDV resistant cereals by genetic transformation. The RFLP markers mapped closest to Yd2 could also be useful in barley breeding, by enabling selection for both the presence of Yd2 and the absence of agronomically undesirable traits known to be closely linked to Yd2. Genetically Directed Representational Difference Analysis (GDRDA) is a technique based on subtractive hybridisation, which can be used to identify RFLP markers closely linked to a gene of interest. Two GDRDA experiments were performed with the intention of generating additional RFLP markers close to Yd2. However, the first experiment yielded RFLP probes that were not derived from the barley genome, while the second experiment yielded probes that detected repetitive sequences. It was concluded that GDRDA is of limited use in generating further markers close to Yd2. To isolate the Yd2 gene by a map-based approach, a much larger mapping population will need to be analysed to genetically resolve markers tightly linked to Yd2. If the two morphological markers uzu dwarf and white stripe,,j flank Yd2, then they could assist in this task by enabling the visual identification of F2 seedlings resulting from recombination close to Yd2. However, in this study, both morphological markers were found to be located distal to Yd2. Therefore, these two morphological markers can not be used together to facilitate high resolution genetic mapping of the Yd2 locus. It may be possible to use large-insert genomic DNA clones from the relatively small genome of rice to generate further RFLP markers close to the Yd2 gene in barley, provided that the order of orthologous sequences in barley and rice is conserved close to the Yd2 locus. To assess the feasibility of this approach, RFLP probes used to identify loci close to Yd2 were mapped in rice using a segregating rice F2 population. Five of the RFLP loci mapped together and in the same order as RFLP loci mapped close to Yd2 in barley using the same probes. By comparing the location of RFLPs mapped by other researchers in rice using probes mapped close to Yd2, the region of conserved linkage between rice and the Yd2 region was tentatively identified as the central portion of rice chromosome 1. The collinearity shown by orthologous sequences in barley and rice indicated that it may indeed be possible to use rice to assist in generating RFLP markers close to Yd2. Of all the cereals, rice is the most amenable to map-based gene isolation, due to its small genome, well developed physical and genetic maps, and its ability to be genetically transformed with high efficiency. If a BYDV resistance gene that is orthologous to Yd2 could be identified in rice, this gene could be isolated with relative ease, and then used to identify barley cDNA clones corresponding to Yd2 gene by virtue of the sequence homology expected between these genes. To test if a BYDV resistance gene from an Italian rice line is orthologous to Yd2, recombinant-inbred rice lines previously characterised for this gene were analysed using probes mapped close to Yd2 in barley. No genetic linkage was detected between the RFLP loci and the BYDV resistance gene, indicating that the gene is unlikely to be orthologous to Yd2. BYDV resistance alleles at the Yd2 locus which are of a non-Ethiopian origin may show interesting differences to Ethiopian Yd2 resistance alleles. To identify barleys which may contain resistance alleles of Yd2, ten BYDV resistant barleys not known to contain Yd2 were assessed for their resistance to the PAVadel isolate of BYDV in the glasshouse. CI 1179, Rojo, Perry, Hannchen, Post and CI 4228 were found to be the most resistant under these conditions, and were analysed further. If the resistance from these barleys is controlled by alleles of Yd2, RFLP markers close to Yd2 will be expected to cosegregate with the resistance in F2 families derived from crosses between these resistant barleys and the BYDV susceptible barleys Atlas and Proctor. RFLPs suitable for use in these allelism tests were identified using probes mapped close to Yd2. However, time did not permit the analysis of these F2 populations.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1996

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Jenkin, Mandy Jane. « Genetics of boron tolerance in barley / ». Adelaide : Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Plant Science, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj514.pdf.

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Harvey, Andrew John. « Isolation, characterization and differential expression of Barley B-Glucan Exohydrolase genes ». Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh399.pdf.

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On title page "B" is superscript. Bibliography: leaves 112-135. The primary aims of the work described in this thesis were to isolate and characterize the cDNAs that correspond to the two B-glucan exohydrolases designated isoenzyme ExoI and isoenzyme ExoII. (abstract)

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Caldwell, Katherine Selby. « An evaluation of the patterns of nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium at the regional level in Hordeum vulgare / ». Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc1471.pdf.

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Jefferies, Stephen P. « Marker assisted backcrossing for gene introgression in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ». Title page, contents and chapter 1 only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apspj45.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 183-211. This study evaluates the backcross breeding method for the introgression in barley of agronomically important traits into a malting quality background using molecular markers.

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Eglinton, Jason Konrad. « Novel alleles from wild barley for breeding malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) / ». Title page, abstact and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe313.pdf.

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Patil, Vrushali. « Molecular developmental genetics of the barley internode ». Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a7e7046a-3615-40c4-b678-200299cd0d12.

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Jenkin, Mandy Jane. « Genetics of boron tolerance in barley / by Mandy Jane Jenkin ». Thesis, Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Plant Science, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21652.

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Liu, Shaolin 1968. « Oligonucleotides applied in genomics, bioinformatics and development of molecular markers for rice and barley ». Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85569.

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A genome sequence can be conceptualized as a 'book' written with four nucleotide 'letters' in oligonucleotide (oligo) 'words'. These words can be used in genomics, bioinformatics and the development of molecular markers. The whole-genome sequence for rice (Oryza sativa L.) is almost finished and has been assembled into pseudomolecules. For barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been assembled into 21,981 tentative consensus sequences (TCs). The availability of such sequence information provides opportunities to investigate oligo usage within and between genomes. For the first of three studies reported in this thesis, a C++ program was written to automatically design oligos that are conserved between two sets of sequence information. In silico mapping between rice coding sequences (CDS) and barley TCs indicated that oligos between 18 and 24 bp provide good specificity and sensitivity (83% and 86%, respectively, for 20mers). Conserved oligos used as PCR primers had a high (91%) success rate on barley lines. Sequencing of PCR products revealed conservation in exon sequence, size and order between barley and rice. Introns were not conserved in sequence but were relatively stable in size. Map locations of eight new markers in barley revealed both genome colinearity and rearrangements between barley and rice. The second study reported in this thesis examined word frequency within the rice genome. A non-random landscape composed of high-frequency and low-frequency zones was observed. Interestingly, high-frequency words seemed to be rice specific while single-copy words were gene specific and conserved across species. As in the first study, oligos of 12 bp or less were not specific, and 18 bp seemed to be a critical length for the specificity of oligos. The third study reported in this thesis involved the development of molecular markers for known genes using public sequence information. Six new polymorphic markers were d

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Smith, Ryan Anthony. « Germination and growth responses of Hordeum Vulgare SV13 cultivated as a green fodder crop for African conditions ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2790.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
This study evaluated the effects of 5 different soaking treatments in conjunction with 5 varying irrigation intervals on the germination, growth and nutritional values of seed of Hordeum vulgare Sv13. The 5 different soaking times consisted of 1, 3, 8, 16 and 24 hours. The barley seed was first cleaned and then placed in a vessel containing 500 ml of distilled water with a 20 % solution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) at room temperature. Thereafter the pre-soaked seeds were transferred to a perforated container, containing no medium and placed into a growing chamber equipped with drip irrigation. The seed was then irrigated with 1245 ml of water at 5 different intervals namely every 2, 4, 8 10 and 12 hours. The temperature of the hydroponic growing room was kept at a constant 23 °C using a hotoperiod of 16-hour day/ 8-hour darkness. The seed was allowed to germinate and grow for a period of 8 days before being harvested. The objectives of this study were to determine the most beneficial combination of soaking treatment in conjunction with the most beneficial irrigation interval on the germination rate of the seed allowing for radicle emergence and coleoptile production. It was also used to determine which combination of treatments was most beneficial to the growth and nutritional values of the seed post-harvest. Another objective was to ascertain the shortest soaking time for application in a small-scale, hydroponic growing unit as well as the frequency of irrigation required to grow seedlings, thereby determining the amount of water required to produce a seedling mat for a small-scale, subsistence farmer, with the emphasis being on water reduction. Each treatment was replicated 10 times and consisted of 500 grams of seed, which when placed into its container measured 2 centimetres in depth, totalling 25 treatments in all. Germination was measured by observing radicle emergence in the first 2 days of the growing period first after a 24-hour cycle and again after 48 hours. The numbers of leaves present at harvest after an 8-day growing period were also counted to determine germination rate of the seeds. Growth was determined by average leaf height as well as the tallest leaf on day 8 of the growing cycle. Root mat expansion was also measured, post-harvest, which was compared to the initial 2 cm planting depth of seed. Wet and dry weights of the plant material were measured post-harvest. Samples of the harvested material were also sent for nitrogen and protein analysis. It was discovered that most of the results favoured a shorter soaking time and an increase in irrigation frequency, bar a few exceptions. Most favoured a pre-soaking time of only 1 hour together with an irrigation frequency of between 2 and 4 hours. This shows that small-scale farmers would be able to reduce the time spent on soaking of their seed. Although the frequency of the irrigation interval remained high further testing would be required to determine if the amount of water applied at each irrigation interval could be reduced and still produce favourable results. It would also remain to be seen if no irrigation during the 8-hour dark photoperiod would have any negative impact on germination, growth and nutritional values of the seedlings.

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Livres sur le sujet "Barley Genetics"

ll, Torbjo rn Sa. Genetic variation for recombination in barley. Svalo v : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 1989.

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Ullrich, Steven E. Barley, production, improvement, and uses. Chichester, West Sussex, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Zhang, Guoping. Genetics and Improvement of Barley Malt Quality. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Zhang, Guoping, et Chengdao Li, dir. Genetics and Improvement of Barley Malt Quality. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01279-2.

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International, Barley Genetics Resources Workshop (1991 Helsingborg Sweden). Barley genetic resources : Report of an international barley genetic resources workshop held at Helsingborg Kongresscenter Helsingborg, Sweden, 20-21 July 1991. Rome : International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, 1992.

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Khodʹkov, L. E. Golozernye i bezostye i͡a︡chmeni. Leningrad : Izd-vo Leningradskogo universiteta, 1985.

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Grant, Bailey L., Thompson B. K et Canada Agriculture Canada, dir. Barley register = : Registre des variétés d'orge. Ottawa : Agriculture Canada, 1985.

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Saskatchewan), International Oats Conference (5th 1996 University of. V International Oat Conference & VII International Barley Genetics Symposium : Proceedings. Saskatoon : University Extension Press, 1996.

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Thörn, Eva C. Selective chromosome elimination in barley : The "bulbosum-system" : possibilities and limitations in plant breeding. Svalöf : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Plant Breeding Research, 1992.

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Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Institutionen för växtförädling., dir. Mutation research in barley. Svalöf : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Plant Breeding Research, 1992.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Barley Genetics"

von Wettstein-Knowles, Penny. « Barley Raincoats : Biosynthesis and Genetics ». Dans Plant Molecular Biology, 305–14. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7598-6_28.

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Eversole, Kellye, Andreas Graner et Nils Stein. « Wheat and Barley Genome Sequencing ». Dans Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae, 713–42. New York, NY : Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77489-3_24.

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Langridge, Peter, Yang Qingwen, Dong Chongmei et Ken Chalmers. « From Genome Structure to Pragmatic Breeding of Wheat and Barley ». Dans Stadler Genetics Symposia Series, 197–209. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4235-3_15.

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Lundqvist, U. « Barley Mutants - Diversity, Genetics and Plant Breeding Value ». Dans Current Options for Cereal Improvement, 115–28. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0893-2_11.

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Brown, James K. M. « Molecular and Population Genetics of Barley Powdery Mildew ». Dans Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 191–98. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0177-6_29.

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Krattinger, Simon, Thomas Wicker et Beat Keller. « Map-Based Cloning of Genes in Triticeae (Wheat and Barley) ». Dans Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae, 337–57. New York, NY : Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77489-3_12.

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Genc, Y., G. K. McDonald, Z. Rengel et R. D. Graham. « Genotypic Variation in the Response of Barley to Zinc Deficiency ». Dans Plant Nutrition — Molecular Biology and Genetics, 205–21. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2685-6_24.

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Forster, B. P., R. P. Ellis, A. C. Newton, R. Tuberosa, D. This, A. S. El-Gamal, M. H. Bahri et M. Ben Salem. « Molecular Breeding of Barley for Droughted Low Input Agricultural Conditions ». Dans Plant Nutrition — Molecular Biology and Genetics, 359–63. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2685-6_40.

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Wray, J. L., S. M. Ip, E. Duncanson, A. F. Gilkes et D. W. Kirk. « Biochemistry, Regulation and Genetics of Nitrite Reduction in Barley ». Dans Inorganic Nitrogen in Plants and Microorganisms, 203–9. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75812-6_31.

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Smith, Frank W., Daisy H. Cybinski et Anne L. Rae. « Regulation of Expression of Genes Encoding Phosphate Transporters in Barley Roots ». Dans Plant Nutrition — Molecular Biology and Genetics, 145–50. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2685-6_19.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Barley Genetics"

« The variability of organelle genomes in barley ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-190.

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« Targeted knockout of the NUD gene in Siberian barley ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-107.

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« Barley alloplasmic lines – the spectra of peculiar plasmon types ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-175.

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« Molecular genetic methods for assessing drought resistance of spring barley ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-142.

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« Transcriptomic changes underlying partial albinism in barley nearly isogenic line ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-169.

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« Genetics of resistance of spring barley to the agent Ustilago nuda ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-017.

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« Generation of haploidy inducers for Cas endonuclease-mediated mutagenesis in barley ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-178.

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« Comparative characteristics of barley hybrids by the anthocyanins content in grain ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-114.

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« Targeted modification of regulatory genes associated with barley grain color formation ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-047.

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« Identification and characterization of a barley gene controlling cuticle wax formation ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-061.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Barley Genetics"

Delmer, Deborah, Nicholas Carpita et Abraham Marcus. Induced Plant Cell Wall Modifications : Use of Plant Cells with Altered Walls to Study Wall Structure, Growth and Potential for Genetic Modification. United States Department of Agriculture, mai 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613021.bard.

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Our previous work indicated that suspension-cultured plant cells show remarkable flexibility in altering cell wall structure in response either to growth on saline medium or in the presence of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,-6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB). We have continued to analyze the structure of these modified cell walls to understand how the changes modify wall strength, porosity, and ability to expand. The major load-bearing network in the walls of DCB-adapted dicot cells that lack a substantial cellulose-xyloglucan network is comprised of Ca2+-bridged pectates; these cells also have an unusual and abundant soluble pectic fraction. By contrast, DCB-adapted barley, a graminaceous monocot achieves extra wall strength by enhanced cross-linking of its non-cellulosic polysaccharide network via phenolic residues. Our results have also shed new light on normal wall stucture: 1) the cellulose-xyloglucan network may be independent of other wall networks in dicot primary walls and accounts for about 70% of the total wall strength; 2) the pectic network in dicot walls is the primary determinant of wall porosity; 3) both wall strength and porosity in graminaceous monocot primary walls is greatly influenced by the degree of phenolic cross-linking between non-cellulosic polysaccharides; and 4) the fact that the monocot cells do not secrete excess glucuronoarabinoxylan and mixed-linked glucan in response to growth on DCB, suggests that these two non-cellulosic polymers do not normally interact with cellulose in a manner similar to xyloglucan. We also attempted to understand the factors which limit cell expansion during growth of cells in saline medium. Analyses of hydrolytic enzyme activities suggest that xyloglucan metabolism is not repressed during growth on NaCl. Unlike non-adapted cells, salt-adapted cells were found to lack pectin methyl esterase, but it is not clear how this difference could relate to alterations in wall expansibility. Salt-adaped cell walls contain reduced hyp and secrete two unique PRPP-related proteins suggesting that high NaCl inhibits the cross-linking of these proteins into the walls, a finding that might relate to their altered expansibility.

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Mawassi, Munir, Baozhong Meng et Lorne Stobbs. Development of Virus Induced Gene Silencing Tools for Functional Genomics in Grapevine. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7613887.bard.

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Grapevine is perhaps the most widely grown fruit crop. To understand the genetic make-up so as to improve the yield and quality of grapes and grape products, researchers in Europe have recently sequenced the genomes of Pinot noir and its inbred. As expected, function of many grape genes is unknown. Functional genomics studies have become the major focus of grape researchers and breeders. Current genetic approaches for gene function studies include mutagenesis, crossing and genetic transformation. However, these approaches are difficult to apply to grapes and takes long periods of time to accomplish. It is thus imperative to seek new ways for grape functional genomics studies. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers an attractive alternative for this purpose and has proven highly effective in several herbaceous plant species including tomato, tobacco and barley. VIGS offers several advantages over existing functional genomics approaches. First, it does not require transformation to silence a plant gene target. Instead, it induces silencing of a plant gene through infection with a virus that contains the target gene sequence, which can be accomplished within a few weeks. Second, different plant genes can be readily inserted into the viral genome via molecular cloning and functions of a large number of genes can be identified within a short period of time. Our long-term goal of this research is to develop VIGS-based tools for grapevine functional genomics, made of the genomes of Grapevine virus A (GVA) from Israel and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) from Canada. GVA and GRSPaV are members of the Flexiviridae. Both viruses have single-stranded, positive sense RNA genomes, which makes them easy to manipulate genetically and excellent candidates as VIGS vectors. In our three years research, several major breakthroughs have been made by the research groups involved in this project. We have engineered a cDNA clone of GVA into a binary vector that is infectious upon delivery into plantlets of micropropagated Vitis viniferacv. Prime. We further developed the GVA into an expression vector that successfully capable to silence endogenous genes. We also were able to assemble an infectious full-length cDNA clones of GRSPaV. In the following sections Achievements and Detailed description of the research activities, we are presenting the outcome and results of this research in details.

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Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg et George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea ; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.

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Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.

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Horwitz, Benjamin, et Nicole M. Donofrio. Identifying unique and overlapping roles of reactive oxygen species in rice blast and Southern corn leaf blight. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7604290.bard.

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Plants and their fungal pathogens both produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). CytotoxicROS act both as stressors and signals in the plant-fungal interaction. In biotrophs, a compatible interaction generates little ROS, but is followed by disease. An incompatible interaction results in a strong oxidative burst by the host, limiting infection. Necrotrophs, in contrast, thrive on dead and dying cells in an oxidant-rich local environment. Rice blast, Magnaportheoryzae, a hemibiotroph, occurs worldwide on rice and related hosts and can decimate enough rice each year to feed sixty million people. Cochliobolusheterostrophus, a necrotroph, causes Southern corn leaf blight (SLB), responsible for a major epidemic in the 1970s. The objectives of our study of ROS signaling and response in these two cereal pathogens were: Confocal imaging of ROS production using genetically encoded redox sensor in two pathosystems over time. Forward genetic screening of HyPer sensor lines in two pathosystems for fungal genes involved in altered ROSphenotypes. RNA-seq for discovery of genes involved in ROS-related stress and signaling in two pathosystems. Revisions to the research plan: Library construction in SLB was limited by low transformation efficiency, compounded by a protoplasting enzyme being unavailable during most of year 3. Thus Objective 2 for SLB re-focused to construction of sensor lines carrying deletion mutations in known or candidate genes involved in ROS response. Imaging on rice proved extremely challenging, so mutant screening and imaging were done with a barley-infecting line, already from the first year. In this project, ROS imaging at unprecedented time and spatial resolution was achieved, using genetically-encoded ratio sensors in both pathogens. This technology is currently in use for a large library of rice blast mutants in the ROS sensor background, and Southern corn leaf blight mutants in final stages of construction. The imaging methods developed here to follow the redox state of plant pathogens in the host tissue should be applicable to fungal pathogens in general. Upon completion of mutant construction for SCLB we hope to achieve our goal of comparison between intracellular ROS status and response in hemibiotroph and necrotroph cereal pathogens.

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Tel-Zur, Neomi, et Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.

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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.

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