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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Basal ganglia model »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Barker, Roger. "Model for basal ganglia disorders." Trends in Neurosciences 13, no. 3 (1990): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(90)90181-9.

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Hallett, Mark. "Physiology of Basal Ganglia Disorders: An Overview." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 20, no. 3 (1993): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100047909.

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ABSTRACT:The pathophysiology of the movement disorders arising from basal ganglia disorders has been uncertain, in part because of a lack of a good theory of how the basal ganglia contribute to normal voluntary movement. An hypothesis for basal ganglia function is proposed here based on recent advances in anatomy and physiology. Briefly, the model proposes that the purpose of the basal ganglia circuits is to select and inhibit specific motor synergies to carry out a desired action. The direct pathway is to select and the indirect pathway is to inhibit these synergies. The clinical and physiolo

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Gonzalo, N. "The parafascicular thalamic complex and basal ganglia circuitry: further complexity to the basal ganglia model." Thalamus & Related Systems 1, no. 4 (2002): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-9288(02)00007-9.

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Gonzalo, N., J. L. Lanciego, M. Castle, A. Vázquez, E. Erro, and J. A. Obeso. "The parafascicular thalamic complex and basal ganglia circuitry: further complexity to the basal ganglia model." Thalamus and Related Systems 1, no. 04 (2002): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472928802000079.

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Lepora, Nathan F., and Kevin N. Gurney. "The Basal Ganglia Optimize Decision Making over General Perceptual Hypotheses." Neural Computation 24, no. 11 (2012): 2924–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00360.

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The basal ganglia are a subcortical group of interconnected nuclei involved in mediating action selection within cortex. A recent proposal is that this selection leads to optimal decision making over multiple alternatives because the basal ganglia anatomy maps onto a network implementation of an optimal statistical method for hypothesis testing, assuming that cortical activity encodes evidence for constrained gaussian-distributed alternatives. This letter demonstrates that this model of the basal ganglia extends naturally to encompass general Bayesian sequential analysis over arbitrary probabi

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Plotkin, Joshua L., and Joshua A. Goldberg. "Thinking Outside the Box (and Arrow): Current Themes in Striatal Dysfunction in Movement Disorders." Neuroscientist 25, no. 4 (2018): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858418807887.

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The basal ganglia are an intricately connected assembly of subcortical nuclei, forming the core of an adaptive network connecting cortical and thalamic circuits. For nearly three decades, researchers and medical practitioners have conceptualized how the basal ganglia circuit works, and how its pathology underlies motor disorders such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, using what is often referred to as the “box-and-arrow model”: a circuit diagram showing the broad strokes of basal ganglia connectivity and the pathological increases and decreases in the weights of specific connections th

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Yin, Henry H. "How Basal Ganglia Outputs Generate Behavior." Advances in Neuroscience 2014 (November 18, 2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/768313.

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The basal ganglia (BG) are a collection of subcortical nuclei critical for voluntary behavior. According to the standard model, the output projections from the BG tonically inhibit downstream motor centers and prevent behavior. A pause in the BG output opens the gate for behavior, allowing the initiation of actions. Hypokinetic neurological symptoms, such as inability to initiate actions in Parkinson’s disease, are explained by excessively high firing rates of the BG output neurons. This model, widely taught in textbooks, is contradicted by recent electrophysiological results, which are review

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Prescott, Tony J., Fernando M. Montes González, Kevin Gurney, Mark D. Humphries, and Peter Redgrave. "Simulated Dopamine Modulation of a Neurorobotic Model of the Basal Ganglia." Biomimetics 9, no. 3 (2024): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9030139.

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The vertebrate basal ganglia play an important role in action selection—the resolution of conflicts between alternative motor programs. The effective operation of basal ganglia circuitry is also known to rely on appropriate levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. We investigated reducing or increasing the tonic level of simulated dopamine in a prior model of the basal ganglia integrated into a robot control architecture engaged in a foraging task inspired by animal behaviour. The main findings were that progressive reductions in the levels of simulated dopamine caused slowed behaviour and, at

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Tan, Xiaolong, Hudong Zhang, Yan Xie, and Yuan Chai. "Electromagnetic radiation and electrical stimulation controls of absence seizures in a coupled reduced corticothalamic model." Electronic Research Archive 31, no. 1 (2022): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2023004.

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<abstract> <p>The important role of basal ganglia in corticothalamic loops has received widespread attention. However, its connection between coupled reduced corticothalamic networks is rarely researched, particularly the regulatory mechanism about electromagnetic radiation and electrical stimulation has not been comprehensively investigated. In this paper, we establish a model simplified the basal-ganglia as a connector connecting two corticothalamic loops. Four kinds of treatment methods are applied to the coupled reduced corticothalamic model, for instance deep brain stimulation

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Caiola, Michael, and Mark H. Holmes. "Model and Analysis for the Onset of Parkinsonian Firing Patterns in a Simplified Basal Ganglia." International Journal of Neural Systems 29, no. 01 (2019): 1850021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500211.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disease that disrupts the movement cycle in the basal ganglia. As the disease progresses, dopamine depletion leads to changes to how the basal ganglia functions as well as the appearance of abnormal beta oscillations. There is much debate on just exactly how these connection strengths change and just how the oscillations emerge. One leading hypothesis claims that the oscillations develop in the globus pallidus external, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus internal loop. We introduce a mathematical model that calculates the average fi

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Yin, Henry H. "The Basal Ganglia in Action." Neuroscientist 23, no. 3 (2016): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858416654115.

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The basal ganglia (BG) are the major subcortical nuclei in the brain. Disorders implicating the BG are characterized by diverse symptoms, but it remains unclear what these symptoms have in common or how they can be explained by changes in the BG circuits. This review summarizes recent findings that not only question traditional assumptions about the role of the BG in movement but also elucidate general computations performed by these circuits. To explain these findings, a new conceptual framework is introduced for understanding the role of the BG in behavior. According to this framework, the c

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FÃ©ger, J. "Updating the functional model of the basal ganglia." Trends in Neurosciences 20, no. 4 (1997): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01016-8.

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Suri, R. E., C. Albani, and A. H. Glattfelder. "A dynamic model of motor basal ganglia functions." Biological Cybernetics 76, no. 6 (1997): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050358.

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Kahan, Joshua, Laura Mancini, Guillaume Flandin, et al. "Deep brain stimulation has state-dependent effects on motor connectivity in Parkinson’s disease." Brain 142, no. 8 (2019): 2417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz164.

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How DBS affects information flow along basal ganglia pathways is unclear. Kahan et al. model fMRI data, revealing differences in the neuromodulatory effects of DBS during different behavioural states. The results suggest that DBS has both behaviour-independent effects on basal ganglia connectivity as well as behaviour-dependent neuromodulatory effects.

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Baladron, Javier, Julien Vitay, Torsten Fietzek, and Fred H. Hamker. "The contribution of the basal ganglia and cerebellum to motor learning: A neuro-computational approach." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 4 (2023): e1011024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011024.

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Motor learning involves a widespread brain network including the basal ganglia, cerebellum, motor cortex, and brainstem. Despite its importance, little is known about how this network learns motor tasks and which role different parts of this network take. We designed a systems-level computational model of motor learning, including a cortex-basal ganglia motor loop and the cerebellum that both determine the response of central pattern generators in the brainstem. First, we demonstrate its ability to learn arm movements toward different motor goals. Second, we test the model in a motor adaptatio

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Wang, Guotao, Ningning Huang, and Bashir Ahmad. "A novel fractional operator-based model for Parkinson’s disease: Analyzing abnormal beta-oscillation and the influence of synaptic parameters." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 30 (March 12, 2025): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15388/namc.2025.30.39446.

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With the aggravation of the global aging trend, Parkinson’s disease has become a hot spot of scientific research all over the world. Abnormal β-oscillation in the basal ganglia region is considered to be a major inducement of Parkinson’s disease. In this paper, a new and more complete Parkinson’s model based on fractional operators is proposed to study the oscillation behavior of the basal ganglia region. The correctness of this new fractional model is validated by the simulation of Nambu and Tachibana’s experiment [A. Nambu, Y. Tachibana, Mechanism of parkinsonian neuronal oscillations in the

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Akanksha Kaushik. "A Computational Neural Network Model Depicting Bradykinesia in Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 42s (2025): 1203–30. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i42s.8656.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by a deficiency of dopamine (DA) as a result of cell death in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Though most computational studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) have concentrated on the effects of dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia, it's crucial to remember that the spinal cord, frontal and parietal cortex, and other areas have considerable dopamine innervation. A network model must be created to investigate how patterns of dopamine depletion across important cellular sites in the spinal cord, cortex, and basal gangl

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Darbin, Olivier, Daniel Dees, Anthony Martino, Elizabeth Adams, and Dean Naritoku. "An Entropy-Based Model for Basal Ganglia Dysfunctions in Movement Disorders." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/742671.

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During this last decade, nonlinear analyses have been used to characterize the irregularity that exists in the neuronal data stream of the basal ganglia. In comparison to linear parameters for disparity (i.e., rate, standard deviation, and oscillatory activities), nonlinear analyses focus on complex patterns that are composed of groups of interspike intervals with matching lengths but not necessarily contiguous in the data stream. In light of recent animal and clinical studies, we present a review and commentary on the basal ganglia neuronal entropy in the context of movement disorders.

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Bogacz, Rafal, and Kevin Gurney. "The Basal Ganglia and Cortex Implement Optimal Decision Making Between Alternative Actions." Neural Computation 19, no. 2 (2007): 442–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.2.442.

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Neurophysiological studies have identified a number of brain regions critically involved in solving the problem of action selection or decision making. In the case of highly practiced tasks, these regions include cortical areas hypothesized to integrate evidence supporting alternative actions and the basal ganglia, hypothesized to act as a central switch in gating behavioral requests. However, despite our relatively detailed knowledge of basal ganglia biology and its connectivity with the cortex and numerical simulation studies demonstrating selective function, no formal theoretical framework

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Wang, Yuhao, Armin Lak, Sanjay G. Manohar, and Rafal Bogacz. "Dopamine encoding of novelty facilitates efficient uncertainty-driven exploration." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 4 (2024): e1011516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011516.

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When facing an unfamiliar environment, animals need to explore to gain new knowledge about which actions provide reward, but also put the newly acquired knowledge to use as quickly as possible. Optimal reinforcement learning strategies should therefore assess the uncertainties of these action–reward associations and utilise them to inform decision making. We propose a novel model whereby direct and indirect striatal pathways act together to estimate both the mean and variance of reward distributions, and mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons provide transient novelty signals, facilitating effective

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Bogacz, Rafal, and Tobias Larsen. "Integration of Reinforcement Learning and Optimal Decision-Making Theories of the Basal Ganglia." Neural Computation 23, no. 4 (2011): 817–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00103.

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This article seeks to integrate two sets of theories describing action selection in the basal ganglia: reinforcement learning theories describing learning which actions to select to maximize reward and decision-making theories proposing that the basal ganglia selects actions on the basis of sensory evidence accumulated in the cortex. In particular, we present a model that integrates the actor-critic model of reinforcement learning and a model assuming that the cortico-basal-ganglia circuit implements a statistically optimal decision-making procedure. The values of corico-striatal weights requi

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Dorval, Alan D., Alexis M. Kuncel, Merrill J. Birdno, Dennis A. Turner, and Warren M. Grill. "Deep Brain Stimulation Alleviates Parkinsonian Bradykinesia by Regularizing Pallidal Activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 2 (2010): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00103.2010.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the basal ganglia can alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease although the therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesize that DBS relieves symptoms by minimizing pathologically disordered neuronal activity in the basal ganglia. In human participants with parkinsonism and clinically effective deep brain leads, regular (i.e., periodic) high-frequency stimulation was replaced with irregular (i.e., aperiodic) stimulation at the same mean frequency (130 Hz). Bradykinesia, a symptomatic slowness of movement, was quantified via an objective finger tapp

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Lieberman, Philip. "Why we can talk, debate, and change our minds: Neural circuits, basal ganglia operations, and transcriptional factors." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 6 (2014): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13004093.

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AbstractAckermann et al. disregard attested knowledge concerning aphasia, Parkinson disease, cortical-to-striatal circuits, basal ganglia, laryngeal phonation, and other matters. Their dual-pathway model cannot account for “what is special about the human brain.” Their human cortical-to-laryngeal neural circuit does not exist. Basal ganglia operations, enhanced by mutations on FOXP2, confer human motor-control, linguistic, and cognitive capabilities.

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Moustafa, Ahmed A., and Mark A. Gluck. "A Neurocomputational Model of Dopamine and Prefrontal–Striatal Interactions during Multicue Category Learning by Parkinson Patients." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 1 (2011): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21420.

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Most existing models of dopamine and learning in Parkinson disease (PD) focus on simulating the role of basal ganglia dopamine in reinforcement learning. Much data argue, however, for a critical role for prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine in stimulus selection in attentional learning. Here, we present a new computational model that simulates performance in multicue category learning, such as the “weather prediction” task. The model addresses how PD and dopamine medications affect stimulus selection processes, which mediate reinforcement learning. In this model, PFC dopamine is key for attentiona

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Yamamoto, Kazumi, Toshiki Yoshimine, and Takehiko Yanagihara. "Cerebral Ischemia in Rabbit: A New Experimental Model with Immunohistochemical Investigation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 5, no. 4 (1985): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1985.80.

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Regional cerebral ischemia was produced in the rabbit by unilateral transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (procedure I); the middle cerebral and azygos anterior cerebral or anterior communicating artery (procedure II); or the middle cerebral, azygos anterior cerebral or anterior communicating, and internal carotid artery (procedure III). Evolution of ischemic lesions was examined with the immunohistochemical reaction for tubulin. With procedure I, ischemic lesions did not become constantly visible for 6 h in the basal ganglia and for 8 h in the frontoparietal region of the cereb

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Lipski, Witold J., Thomas A. Wozny, Ahmad Alhourani, et al. "Dynamics of human subthalamic neuron phase-locking to motor and sensory cortical oscillations during movement." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 3 (2017): 1472–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00964.2016.

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Coupled oscillatory activity recorded between sensorimotor regions of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop is thought to reflect information transfer relevant to movement. A neuronal firing-rate model of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry, however, has dominated thinking about basal ganglia function for the past three decades, without knowledge of the relationship between basal ganglia single neuron firing and cortical population activity during movement itself. We recorded activity from 34 subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons, simultaneously with cortical local field potentials and motor

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Pena-Casanova, Jordi, and Jorge Sigg-Alonso. "Functional Systems and Brain Functional Units Beyond Luria, With Luria: Anatomical Aspects." Lurian Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 48–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/lurian.2020.1.1.6.

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This paper describes the anatomical aspects of a functional brain model that develops A. R. Luria’s ideas. Five functional brain units are described on the basis of ontogenetic, anatomical, histological, functional, and clinical studies: preferential or primordial (unit I), limbic (unit II), cortical (unit III), basal ganglia (unit IV), and cerebellar (unit V). This review allows two large integrated and interrelated functional complexes to be distinguished: a primordial-limbic complex (units I and II) and a supralimbic one (units, III, IV and V). There is consensus that there exists a clear i

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Crossley, Matthew J., Jon C. Horvitz, Peter D. Balsam, and F. Gregory Ashby. "Expanding the role of striatal cholinergic interneurons and the midbrain dopamine system in appetitive instrumental conditioning." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (2016): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00473.2015.

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The basal ganglia are a collection of subcortical nuclei thought to underlie a wide variety of vertebrate behavior. Although a great deal is known about the functional and physiological properties of the basal ganglia, relatively few models have been formally developed that have been tested against both behavioral and physiological data. Our previous work (Ashby FG, Crossley MJ. J Cogn Neurosci 23: 1549–1566, 2011) showed that a model grounded in the neurobiology of the basal ganglia could account for basic single-neuron recording data, as well as behavioral phenomena such as fast reacquisitio

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Parent, André, and Francesca Cicchetti. "The current model of basal ganglia organization under scrutiny." Movement Disorders 13, no. 2 (1998): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.870130202.

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Hanssen, Henrike, Jannik Prasuhn, Marcus Heldmann, et al. "Imaging gradual neurodegeneration in a basal ganglia model disease." Annals of Neurology 86, no. 4 (2019): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.25566.

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NAHVI, ALIREZA, FARIBA BAHRAMI, and SAMIRA HEMMATI. "INVESTIGATING DIFFERENT TARGETS IN DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE USING A MEAN-FIELD MODEL OF THE BASAL GANGLIA-THALAMOCORTICAL SYSTEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 02 (2012): 1240004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412400040.

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In this paper, we investigated effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on Parkinson's disease (PD) when different target sites in the basal ganglia are stimulated. The targets which are investigated are subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus interna (GPi), and globus pallidus externa (GPe). For this purpose we used a computational model of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical system (BGTCS) with parameters calculated for mean field. This model is able to reproduce both the normal and Parkinsonian activities of basal ganglia, thalamus and cortex in a unified structure. In the present study, we

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Parent, André. "The brain in evolution and involution." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 75, no. 6 (1997): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o97-094.

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This paper provides an overview of the phylogenetic evolution and structural organization of the basal ganglia. These large subcortical structures that form the core of the cerebral hemispheres directly participate in the control of psychomotor behavior. Neuroanatomical methods combined with transmitter localization procedures were used to study the chemical organization of the forebrain in each major group of vertebrates. The various components of the basal ganglia appear well developed in amniote vertebrates, but remain rudimentary in anamniote vertebrates. For example, a typical substantia

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Dorval, Alan D., and Warren M. Grill. "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reestablishes neuronal information transmission in the 6-OHDA rat model of parkinsonism." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 10 (2014): 1949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00713.2013.

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Pathophysiological activity of basal ganglia neurons accompanies the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. High-frequency (>90 Hz) deep brain stimulation (DBS) reduces parkinsonian symptoms, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that parkinsonism-associated electrophysiological changes constitute an increase in neuronal firing pattern disorder and a concomitant decrease in information transmission through the ventral basal ganglia, and that effective DBS alleviates symptoms by decreasing neuronal disorder while simultaneously increasing information transfer through the same reg

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Scholl, Carolin, Javier Baladron, Julien Vitay, and Fred H. Hamker. "Enhanced habit formation in Tourette patients explained by shortcut modulation in a hierarchical cortico-basal ganglia model." Brain Structure and Function 227, no. 3 (2022): 1031–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02446-x.

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AbstractDevaluation protocols reveal that Tourette patients show an increased propensity to habitual behaviors as they continue to respond to devalued outcomes in a cognitive stimulus-response-outcome association task. We use a neuro-computational model of hierarchically organized cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops to shed more light on habit formation and its alteration in Tourette patients. In our model, habitual behavior emerges from cortico-thalamic shortcut connections, where enhanced habit formation can be linked to faster plasticity in the shortcut or to a stronger feedback fr

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Magdoom, K. N., D. Subramanian, V. S. Chakravarthy, B. Ravindran, Shun-ichi Amari, and N. Meenakshisundaram. "Modeling Basal Ganglia for Understanding Parkinsonian Reaching Movements." Neural Computation 23, no. 2 (2011): 477–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00073.

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We present a computational model that highlights the role of basal ganglia (BG) in generating simple reaching movements. The model is cast within the reinforcement learning (RL) framework with correspondence between RL components and neuroanatomy as follows: dopamine signal of substantia nigra pars compacta as the temporal difference error, striatum as the substrate for the critic, and the motor cortex as the actor. A key feature of this neurobiological interpretation is our hypothesis that the indirect pathway is the explorer. Chaotic activity, originating from the indirect pathway part of th

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Houk, J. C., C. Bastianen, D. Fansler, et al. "Action selection and refinement in subcortical loops through basal ganglia and cerebellum." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1485 (2007): 1573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2063.

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Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia and the cerebellum form computationally powerful distributed processing modules (DPMs). This paper relates the computational features of a DPM's loop through the basal ganglia to experimental results for two kinds of natural action selection. First, functional imaging during a serial order recall task was used to study human brain activity during the selection of sequential actions from working memory. Second, microelectrode recordings from monkeys trained in a step-tracking task were used to study the natural selection of corrective submovements. Ou

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Berns, Gregory S., and Terrence J. Sejnowski. "A Computational Model of How the Basal Ganglia Produce Sequences." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (1998): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998563815.

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We propose a systems-level computational model of the basal ganglia based closely on known anatomy and physiology. First, we assume that the thalamic targets, which relay ascending information to cortical action and planning areas, are tonically inhibited by the basal ganglia. Second, we assume that the output stage of the basal ganglia, the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), selects a single action from several competing actions via lateral interactions. Third, we propose that a form of local working memory exists in the form of reciprocal connections between the external globus p

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Fukuoka, Hideki, Yukiko Nishita, Chikako Tange, Rei Otsuka, Fujiko Ando, and Hiroshi Shimokata. "Basal ganglia lesions may be a risk factor for characteristic features of a glaucomatous optic disc: population-based cohort study in Japan." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 8, no. 1 (2023): e001077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001077.

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BackgroundWe conducted a study to investigate the relationship between optic nerve vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), body and ocular parameters, and brain lesions in middle-aged and above Japanese subjects, because although various risk factors for glaucoma have been previously characterised, it is theorised that there are unidentified neurological components.MethodsIn this population-based, age/gender-stratified, cross-sectional study that involved 2239 Japanese subjects (1127 men and 1112 women) aged 40 years and older (mean age: 59.3±11.7 years) living in the central geographical region of

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Vitek, Jerrold L., and Luke A. Johnson. "Understanding Parkinson’s disease and deep brain stimulation: Role of monkey models." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (2019): 26259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902300116.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide. In the 1930s and 1940s there was little understanding regarding what caused PD or how to treat it. In a desperate attempt to improve patients’ lives different regions of the neuraxis were ablated. Morbidity and mortality were common, but some patients’ motor signs improved with lesions involving the basal ganglia or thalamus. With the discovery ofl-dopa the advent of medical therapy began and surgical approaches became less frequent. It soon became apparent, however, that m

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Jing, Chen, and Li Zongshuai. "Basal Ganglia Behaviour Cognitive Model Based on Operant Conditioning Reflex." Open Automation and Control Systems Journal 6, no. 1 (2014): 1570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874444301406011570.

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Tortolero, Ivan Carmona, Deepak Kumbhare, Jayasimha Atulasimha, Mark Baron, and Ravi Hadimani. "A computational basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry model for Parkinson’s disease." Brain Stimulation 14, no. 6 (2021): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.095.

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Vásquez-Celaya, L., G. Marín, M. E. Hernández, et al. "Functional correlation between cerebellum and basal ganglia: A parkinsonism model." Neurología (English Edition) 39, no. 7 (2024): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.07.002.

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Yu, Ying, and Qingyun Wang. "Oscillation dynamics in an extended model of thalamic-basal ganglia." Nonlinear Dynamics 98, no. 2 (2019): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-05249-2.

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Porenta, Gerold. "A computer model of neuronal pathways in the basal ganglia." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 22, no. 3 (1986): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(86)90008-8.

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Gangadhar, Garipelli, Denny Joseph, and V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy. "Understanding Parkinsonian Handwriting Through a Computational Model of Basal Ganglia." Neural Computation 20, no. 10 (2008): 2491–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.03-07-498.

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Handwriting in Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically characterized by micrographia, jagged line contour, and unusual fluctuations in pen tip velocity. Although PD handwriting features have been used for diagnostics, they are not based on a signaling model of basal ganglia (BG). In this letter, we present a computational model of handwriting generation that highlights the role of BG. When PD conditions like reduced dopamine and altered dynamics of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus externa subsystems are simulated, the handwriting produced by the model manifested characteristic PD hand

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Avecillas-Chasin, Josué M., Fernando Rascón-Ramírez, and Juan A. Barcia. "Tractographical model of the cortico-basal ganglia and corticothalamic connections." Clinical Anatomy 29, no. 4 (2016): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.22689.

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Lörincz, A. "Static and Dynamic State Feedback Control Model of Basal Ganglia-Thalamocortical Loops." International Journal of Neural Systems 08, no. 03 (1997): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065797000343.

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It is argued that a novel control architecture, the Static and Dynamic State (SDS) feedback scheme, which utilizes speed-field tracking, exhibits global stability, and allows on-line tuning by any adaptation mechanism without canceling stability if certain structural conditions are met, can be viewed as a model of basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops since (1) the SDS scheme predicts the neuronal groups that fit neuronal classification in the supplementary motor area, the motor cortex and the putamen, (2) the structural stability conditions require parallel channels, a feature that these loops

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Federti, Enrica, Alessandro Matte, Veronica Riccardi, et al. "Adaptative Up-Regulation of PRX2 and PRX5 Expression Characterizes Brain from a Mouse Model of Chorea-Acanthocytosis." Antioxidants 11, no. 1 (2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010076.

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The peroxiredoxins (PRXs) constitute a ubiquitous antioxidant. Growing evidence in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has highlighted a crucial role for PRXs against neuro-oxidation. Chorea-acanthocytosis/Vps13A disease (ChAc) is a devastating, life-shortening disorder characterized by acanthocytosis, neurodegeneration and abnormal proteostasis. We recently developed a Vps13a−/− ChAc-mouse model, showing acanthocytosis, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation which could be restored by LYN inactivation. Here, we show in our Vps13a−/− mice p

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Ligot, Noémie, Pierre Krystkowiak, Clémence Simonin, et al. "External Globus Pallidus Stimulation Modulates Brain Connectivity in Huntington's Disease." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 31, no. 1 (2010): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2010.186.

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Positron emission tomography with O-15-labeled water was used to study at rest the neurophysiological effects of bilateral external globus pallidus (GPe) deep brain stimulation in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). Five patients were compared with a control group in the on and off states of the stimulator. External globus pallidus stimulation decreased neuronal activity and modulated cerebral connectivity within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry, the sensorimotor, and the default-mode networks. These data indicate that GPe stimulation modulates functional integration in HD pati

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S, I. Aruna, Sujatha S, and S. Neenu E. "Mathematical Modelling of Basal Ganglia for Parkinson's Disease: A System Biology Approach." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 36 (2022): 1836–41. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i36.1397.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To mathematically model the oscillatory behaviour of Basal Ganglia for Parkinson’s disease as well as to simulate the model by using Cell designer and Scilab. <strong>Method:</strong> The pathway of Parkinsons disease was downloaded from the KEGG database and oscillatory behaviour was studied using scilab programming and cell designer tool. In this work, the pathway of Parkinson’s disease was loaded to cell designer, that is working on the basis of systems biology mark-up language, and analysed the entire pathway. <strong>Fi

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