Thèses sur le sujet « Bassin de (Gabon) »
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Ossa, Ossa Frantz-Gérard. « Etude multi-approches du bassin sédimentaire paléoprotérozoïque (2. 1-2. 4 Ga) de Franceville au Gabon : les environnements sédimentaires et l'impact des paléocirculations de fluides ». Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2341.
Texte intégralFrancevillien Basin, located in south-eastern Gabon, consists of a column of five lithostratigraphic formations, starting from FA to FE. He is known around the world through these natural fission reactors (Oklo and Bangombé) and to its rich mineral resources in the FA and FB (Uranium and Manganese). The classically described successive lithofacies in FA reflect the evolution of fluvial environment to a tide-influenced delta environment. Marine environment, ranging from shoreface to upper offshore, characterizes the FB. New geochemical data show, oxygenation of the water column up to the upper offshore, large amounts of dissolved organic matter in Proterozoic seawater. These chemical conditions in the depositional environments are closely linked with the state of oxygenation of the atmosphere, will have major consequences in the history of this basin: the emergence of biomass, large colonial organisms; diversification of phyllosilicates (chemical weathering). The mineralogy of the clay fraction (< 2μm) in the FA formation shows a dominant illitic phase whose crystallinity increases towards the base of the series. It is characterized by the appearance of minerals interlayered illite/smectite regular (type R1) at the FA / FB transition, and irregular (type R0) at the top of the series. This trend highlights the different parageneses in the FA and FB formations, despite a low thickness variation and a general rate relatively low landfill. These parageneses indicate a higher intensity of diagenesis in the coarse facies with low organic matter (typical training FA) than for fine facies rich in organic matter (formation characteristic FB). All the results can be interpreted in terms of changes in a same diagenetic process controlled by the facies and the nature of pore fluids. This reinforces the hypothesis of a relatively low geothermal gradient compared to what has been commonly described in other basins of similar age. The presence of monazite overgrowths, late iron-rich chlorites associated with berthierine was used to estimate the temperatures of crystallization around 300° C in the upper FA. These results confirm the late circulation of hot fluids
Abessolo, Mezui Pierre. « Mise en valeur de l'Ogooué et structuration spatiale de son bassin ». Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX23005.
Texte intégralJocktane, Olivier. « La plate-forme carbonatée albienne dans le bassin côtier gabonais : dynamique sédimentaire et stratigraphie séquentielle ». Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS054.
Texte intégralMbina, Mounguengui Michel. « Dynamique sédimentaire et fluctuations eustatiques au cours du cénomanien et du turonien dans le nord du bassin côtier gabonais ». Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS004.
Texte intégralOkoundzi, Jérôme. « Organisation sociale, systèmes de production et perspectives de développement économique dans le bassin de la Sébé, Gabon ». Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20020.
Texte intégralThe village agriculture of the Sébé area is ecological and biological; it can become an asset in the future debates over the ecological and biological agronomy if the economic concerns follow the mentalities and the current philosophy that promotes wholesome food. It appears that economically and socially, the inhabitants of the Sébé area remain viable and capable of producing surplus goods/products/crop, provided that these ones have a reliable and continuous purchaser. There is a particular lack of economic infrastructures to this village economy. This is why we have offered to create a local and inter-village organization that will launch the economic development. This organization will be some kind of interface capable of leading the village dwellers to the transition from a domestic village economy to a national economy of market. We have named this local organization "AUDACE"; it could also be a new conception of the village economy. The results of a survey that we made among young educated people confirm that the rural economy in Gabon is still distincly contrasted with the urban economy. Not only does our proposal value a local development that should adapt the village dwellers to the national economy of market, but it also reconstructs social relations by redefining the dichotomous roles of men and women
Onanga, Mavotchy Nathaelle. « Études des paléomilieux paléoprotérozoïques (2,1-2,0 Ga) : la formation fb du bassin de Franceville au Gabon ». Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2263/document.
Texte intégralThe Paleoproterozoic (2.1 to 2.0 Ga) Franceville Basin, South-east of Gabon, has been studied for decades for its high metalliferous (primarily uranium and manganese) potential. The discovery of the oldest known macro-multicellular organisms in the FB Formation in the basin in 2010 caused a repositioning of the appearance of complex multicellular life to 2.1 Ga in Earth history. This period is synchronous with great upheavals that affected the global chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans, and corresponds to the deposition of the FB Formation in the Franceville Basin. Core samples from the FB Formation were sampled from the centre of the basin (MVengué syncline) and the western flank of the basin (Moanda) for comparative analyses. The objective of this study is to provide new information on precipitation conditions of the early diagenetic carbonate cements and concretions associated with the organic-rich black shales and siltstones in the FB Formation using facies analyses, petrographic, and geochemical techniques.At the basin centre, the FB Formation is composed of sedimentary units that reflect deposition in a deep marine environment with variable depths below the limit of storm wave actions. Three units can be distinguished: (1) FB1b consisting of black shales, fine grained sandstones, and laminated mudstones or layered dolomites; (2) FB1c consisting of alternating black shales and sandstones; and (3) FB2a that is characterized by massive sandstone (namely the Poubara sandstone). Detailed analytical studies showed that these sediments have undergone moderate diagenetic modifications. However, the degree of diagenesis varies between different lithofacies.The carbonates are commonly diffused within the associated black shales throughout the FB Formation. In addition, at the Mvengué, the carbonates are present as individual beds, and as ovoid to lenticular centimeters to tens of centimeters thick concretions at Moanda, where they occur interlayering the FB1c black shales at eight levels. Irrespective of their form of occurrence, their relationships with the laminated black shale argues in favour of their formation before significant compaction. As a result, the incorporated clay minerals in the concretions are similar to the host rocks (black shales) and their composition is relatively homogenous from the edge to the centre. Isotope analyses of carbon and oxygen in the carbonates and of carbon in the organic matter, as well as the morphological and textural relationships suggest that the dolomitiation processes at the origin of the concretions, occurred during the early diagenetic stage, were favoured by bacterial oxidation of organic matter resulting in increasing pore water alkalinity in the sediments
Adiwas-Kouerey, Gervais. « La vie rurale dans les pays Myènè du delta intérieur de l'Ogooué (Gabon) ». Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30029.
Texte intégralDubois, Manon. « Environnement de dépôt et processus de formation des carbonates de manganèse dans les black shales paléoprotérozoiques du Bassin de Franceville (2.1 Ga ; Gabon) ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT082.
Texte intégralThe Franceville Basin (2.1 Ga) in southeastern Gabon, hosts a black shale series well preserved (FB Formation) which represents an exceptional example of unmetamorphised Paleoproterozoic sediment strata. This basin includes the protore of one of the largest Mn-oxide laterite ore worldwide, mined by Eramet-Comilog. The aim of this this work is to determine formation conditions of this protore and to characterize the global sedimentary evolution of the FB Formation which include the protore. This 75 m thick protore is constituted of Mn carbonate-rich black shales which represent a potential ore deposit for the future. It was drilled, on the Bangombé plateau, during a recent campaign of 24 boreholes with an average depth of 125 m.Through multidisciplinary study on these cores and key outcrops of the basin, this work focuses on : i) the depositional environment of the Mn-protore and FB Formation ; ii) the processes of formation of the Mn-carbonates at 2.1 Ga and iii) the architecture and distribution of Mn-rich levels of the protore on the Bangombé Plateau.A detailed sedimentological and petrological study allowed us to redefine the division of the FB into nine units, named U1 to U9 from the base to the top. These units show a fine upward cycle up to U5 and a reverse coarse loop until U9. This division leads to a new interpretation to propose an evolution from a shoreface depositional environment controlled by deltaic currents (U1) to an offshore depositional environment with anoxic conditions (U2). In this basin, a system of submarine fan is developed, feeding a network of sand injections (injectites) covering the Bangombé plateau (70 km²) and with a thickness of 150 m affecting U4 to U7, including the Mn-protore. The protore depositional environment formed below the wave base limit (U4, U5 and U6) in a starved basin, controlled by biochemical sedimentation allowed the formation of Mn-carbonates. The end of starved basin, would allow the re-opening of the detrital input into the offshore basin (U7). This basin is then filled by storm bar deposits intersected by deltaic sub-aquatic channels (U8). The U9 unit corresponds to a quiet lagoon environment, allowing the multicellular organism development for the first time on the planet.A geochemical study allowed the characterization of the depositional environment of Mn-carbonates as an anoxic to sub-oxic and alkaline environment. For the first time, we showed that the manganese carbonates, present as bacteriomorph forms, are precipitated from the seawater by the mediated photosynthetic cyanobacterial activity, which allows CO2 / HCO3 depression of the environment and a local increase of pH. The cyanobacterial activity is controlled by the absence of bottom currents, which increase the detrital input. This would stop the activity of the cyanobacteria and thus would lead to the decrease of the Mn-concentration along the protore.Finally, well-log and a sequential correlation analyses allowed us to detail spatial and timing repartition of FB Formation deposit, controlled by a tectono-sedimentary model. We propose two- tectono-sedimentary phases. A first syn-tectonic phase (U1 to U3) controls the depocentres and sedimentation gaps. Turbidite coarse deposits are located in the most subsident part, clay deposits rather on the slope and carbonates on shoals. A second post-tectonic phase (U4 to U7) allows isopach deposits. The Mn-protore formed during the post-tectonic phase. However, it shows a variable thickness due to subsidence to the north of the Bangombé plateau. So, on the Bangombé plateau, Mn-contents increase towards the south, whereas the protore thickness increases towards the NNE. Moreover sand injectites decrease Mn-content in the eastern part of the Bangombé plateau and impact on the economic evaluation of the Mn-carbonates. Currently, the protore is structured by post-sedimentary faults, which lead to a non-continuity of the high Mn levels on the Bangombé plateau
Loubamono-Bessacque, Guy Claver. « Les populations du bassin de la Lesibi (Gabon) du début : du XVIIIème à la fin du XIXème siècle ». Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010639.
Texte intégralThe Lesibi bassin is situated to the south east of the present Gabon republica. Differents groups of populations that place, especially the Ikota, Ondasa, Ambama and Basamaye. Before their seattlement in the Lesibi bassin, those populations lived in the north west of the present Congo republica (Ambama) and to the north east of the Gabon of nowaday. It's not possible now in the present state of the research, to determine the seattlement date of those populations in that area. We just knew, in the XVIIIe century, the were established there. Those populations maintained different relations among themselves and with the others neighbor inhabitants. They share many common civilization characteristics. Untill the end of the XIXe century, the foreigners, the Europeans, hadn't trampled down the Lesibi Bassin if we except the Italian crossing Attilio Pecile and Giacomo Savorgnan Di Brazza. In return this territory since the XVIIe century probably, received manufactured products. Those ones were valued on the local populations, who even sold their yellow-men to have some
Guiyeligou, Grace Daniella. « Étude paléo-environnementale des dépôts manganésifère paléoprotérozoique (2.1 Ga-GABON) ». Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2321.
Texte intégralPaleoproterozoic is a crucial period in the history of the Earth. One of the major events recorded at that time was the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) from 2.45 to 2.32 Ga. This event will lead to global changes on a global scale. It will impact the physico-chemical conditions by promoting oxidative alteration of the continents. The latter is at the origin of the progressive explosion of photosynthetic cyanobacteria responsible for a significant oxidation of the environment. A complex and organized multicellular life developed as a result of this event. The Paleoproterozoic basin (2.1 to 2.0 Ga) of Franceville, located in southeastern Gabon, shows sedimentary deposits in a very good state of conservation and constitutes an exceptional archive to trace the deposition processes of this period. The francevillian sedimentary series is composed of four lithostratigraphic formations from FA to FD. Manganese accumulations are specifically visible in the plateau areas where the largest reserves are located in the Bangombé and Okouma plateaus. This work pays particular attention to the FB formation and more particularly the FB1b and FB1c subunits located on the Okouma site where iron, phosphorus and manganese deposits are found. A multidisciplinary and multi-scale study was carried out on seven Okouma holes, provided by the mining company Eramet-Comilog. The sedimentological study of the various samples made it possible to divide the holes into three units: 1- lower, consisting of detrital facies and in particular banded heterolithics (FB1b), 2- a so-called transition unit that marks the passage of the FB1b to FB1c formations with carbonate facies rich in pyrite called in this work black shales pyriteux and iron carbonates and 3- a higher unit represented by manganiferous shale blacks or is interposed by fine medium sandstones. These facies testify to the establishment of a marine environment from a phase of transgression that began at the FA-FB transition. Petrographic and mineralogical analyses have revealed clay minerals composed of illite, chlorite and interlayered illite/smectite. The illitization reaction is almost complete (90% illite) as shown by the ordered interlayered (R3). Geochemical analyses show that the FB1b formation is dominated by detrital materials while those of the formation above FB1c are dominated by chemical processes. Similarly, most redox sensitive elements (Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Co, Mo, Cd and Cu) show a redox change from an oxic environment (FB1b) to anoxic (FB1c)
BROS, REGIS. « Geochimie isotopique (sm-nd, rb-sr, k-ar, u) des argiles du bassin proterozoique de franceville et des reacteurs d'oklo (gabon) ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13059.
Texte intégralNdongo, Alexis. « Contexte sédimentologique et tectonique du bassin paléoprotérozoïque de Franceville (Gabon) : structures de surpression fluide, bitumes et minéralisation uranium ». Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS068/document.
Texte intégralMetallogenic deposits within paleproterozoic basins depend on generation and migration of fluids. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of tectonic, sedimentological and diagenetic setting of the uranium deposits in the Franceville basin and to characterize hydraulic fracturing impact on fluid migration processes in sandstone reservoirs.Tectonic study define the N180-170° transfer faults, associated with Archean tectonic and the N110-120° longitudinal normal faults. These two fault directions split the Franceville basin into small sub-basins. The longitudinal normal faults are associated with footwall anticlines and hanging wall synclines. The uranium deposits of Franceville basin are located in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults.Sedimentological analysis allows to describe four depositional environments: Fluvial (lower FA), deltaic (middle FA), tidal (upper FA), and open marine environments (FB). Facies distribution in the FA-FB transition promotes the establishment of permeability barriers. These latter are responsible of the increase in fluid pressure and of the formation of fluid pressure structures (dykes, stylolites, quartz veins), in footwall anticlines of longitudinal normal faults. Increase in fluid pressure allows the migration of uranium-fluids, and hydrocarbon from the deep basin to the footwall anticline. Hydraulic fracturing processes lead the precipitation of uranium mineralization, associated with bitumen, in microfractures
Bankole, Olabode Modupe. « Transformations diagénétiques des dépôts silicoclastiques FA du bassin de Franceville au Gabon (2.2-2.0 Ga) par l'invasion de solutions oxydo-réductrices ». Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2319/document.
Texte intégralThe FA and FB Formations clastic sediments have been subjected to detailed facies, petrographic, and geochemical analyses in relation to diagenesis, fluid flow, paleo-redox conditions, provenance, and uranium mineralization during the evolution of the unmetamorphosed Paleoproterozoic (ca 2.15 Ga) Franceville Basin, Gabon. Lithofacies analyses in combination with petrographic studies indicate that the original mineralogical and textural properties of the sediments have been greatly modified during diagenesis. The moderately sorted quartz arenite at the top of FA underwent early quartz cementation; thus preventing it from subsequent burial diagenetic processes. The inferred paragenetic sequence of authigenic cements in the arkosic arenites suggest a multiphase of fluid-rock interactions with most of the ions needed for their precipitations likely sourced during alteration of detrital precursors. The observed slight variations in the diagenetic pathways in different lithofacies associations are closely related to primary mineralogy, texture, and nature of pore fluid. This relationship suggests that depositional facies can provide an insight into the diagenetic pathways and hydrologic properties of sediments in sedimentary basins. Petrographic features coupled with whole rock geochemical and iron isotope analyses suggest that hematite precipitation in the red beds started after sediment deposition with the iron internally derived by alteration of iron-bearing minerals and redistributed during late diagenesis. Positive correlation between Fe/Mg ratio and "delta" 56Fe values of bulk samples suggests mixing relationship with end members being authigenic hematite and iron-bearing silicates. The lack of relationship between Fe3+/FeT ratios and iron isotope compositions suggest that the isotopically heavy iron oxide was already present in the sediments during early diagenesis, and was incorporated into green (reduced) facies that likely replaced red facies during diagenesis or burial. Uranium released from the lower, fluvial oxidized sandstones and added to the reduced sandstones and silty mudstones in the upper tidal-deltaic sediments potentially resulted in a uranium mineralization of a roll-front type in the FA Formation of the Franceville Basin. Major and trace element geochemical data for the FA and FB formation are consistent with sediments derived exclusively from felsic igneous source. Chondrite-normalized patterns with high LREE/HREE ratios, negative Eu anomalies, and GdN/YbN ratios favour mixture of Archean and Post-Archean felsic sources. Discriminant diagrams and elemental ratios of major and trace elements suggest deposition of most of the FA sandstone in a passive margin, while the mudstones and fine-grained sandstones of FA and FB were deposited in an active continental margin during Paleoproterozoic tectonic regimes of the West Central African Belt
Ngombi-Pemba, Lauriss-Paule. « Géochimie et minéralogie des formations argileuses (2.2 - 2.0 Ga) du bassin de Franceville au Gabon : fluctuations de l'oxygène atmosphérique, chimie des océans et diagenèse au Paléoprotérozoïque ». Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2259.
Texte intégralThe Paleoproterozoic Francevillian series (2.2–2.0 Ga) of Gabon is well known for its natural nuclear reactor and for having provided evidence of the earliest large colonial macrofossils. These ancient rocks also contain unexpected smectite-rich mixed layers minerals. However, few data are available yet on the oxygenation state of the atmosphere and ocans during the deposition of the Francevillian sediments. In order to investigate the nature of marine water-column chemistry, samples representing the entire section (FB, FC, and FD formations) were subjected to multielement (C, S, Fe, trace metals, and REE) biogeochemical study. In addition, to assess the impact of atmospheric and oceanic paleoredox conditions on clay minerals, a clay minralogical study was performed. Geochemical data show deep water oxic conditions during deposition of FB and FC formations in agreement with the Lomagundi Event (LE). Nevertheless the interlayered Mn and Fe deposits occured in ferruginous anoxic conditions reflecting sea-level changes. The FD black shales reflect euxinic conditions. These conditions, are indicated by trace metals enrichment, negative shift of δ13Corg values and δ98Mo. The Francevillian series show direct geochemical evidence for the state of atmospheric and ocean oxygenation both during and after the LE. These data confirm a significant decrease in the oxygenation of ocean water in the aftermath of the LE and the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). The mineralogical results reveal that the clay mineralogical signature observed in the basin, is not the consequence of the atmospheric oxygen fluctuations. The survival of smectitic minerals is strictly dependent on diagenetic transfo
Sere, Virginie. « Geochimie des mineraux neoformes a oklo (gabon), histoire geologique du bassin d'oklo : une contribution pour les etudes de stockages geologiques de dechets radioactifs ». Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077279.
Texte intégralCarret, Jean-Christophe. « Economie et politique forestières dans le bassin du Congo : les usines, l'argent, la nature et les gens ». Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1111.
Texte intégralLekele, Baghekema Stellina Gwenaëlle. « Études multi-proxies et multi-scalaires des roches siliceuses (cherts) du bassin de Franceville (2,1 Ga) : origine et processus de formation ». Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2270/document.
Texte intégralThe Franceville basin of Paleoproterozoic age (2.2-2.0 Ga) is known for its natural nuclear reactors, richness of its bedrock (uranium and manganese ore mineralization) and well-preserved sedimentary formations that provided the oldest multicellular macro-organisms moving the limit of the emergence multicellular life previously set at 600 Ma to 2.1 Ga. TheThese are found in the FB formation which was deposed during and immediately after the GOE (Great Oxydation Even of Earth's Atmosphere). However, the Franceville basin also possesses cherty-type rocks which mainly belong to the FC and are the subject of this work.Field observations, petrographic and geochemical studies are used to determine environment of deposition, mode of formation, and source of the silica which composes these cherts. The different outcrops analysis shows three distinct facies: (1) massive chert facies (2) brecia chert facies and (3) stromatolites facies. The flat domes, relatively thin, and concentric forms on the dome surface indicate a supratidal to intertidal environment. Microscopic observations depict three microfacies: (1) homogeneous microfacies composed of microquarz in which are included carbonates and chalcedony; This microfacies is characteristic of Sucaf and route de Moyabi outcrops (2) heterogeneous microfacies showing grains that can be assimilated at peloids Bambaye, and intraclasts and oncoids at Lekouba; (3) laminated microfacies (stromatolites) present in all outcrops. These different microfacies may be related to direct silica precipitation, with the exception of intraclastic facies including carbonate inclusions, resulting from silica replacement of carbonate rocks.The Gabonese Francevillien FC formation contains the oldest Gunflint microfossils (Gunflintia, Huroniospora, Eoastrion) which are observed stromatolites. Microscopic observations (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, confocal scanning laser microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy) were used to study morphology and ultrastructure for the purpose better characterize their preservation, biogenicity and biological affinity. Despite a high degree of maturation of the organic matter that composes them, the sheaths and walls of the Gunflintia and Huroniospora are preserved bythe recrystallization of several generations of opals of different textures. Thick-walled large (> 3 μm) filaments are first recognized in a Gunflint-type stromatolitic assembly and show the preservation of a thick sheath ultra-structure often observed in cyanobacteria. Two types of star shapes (Eoastrion) are distinguished. The palynological and ultrastructural study reveals a similar preservation process to Gunflintia and Huroniospora. However, the branches of an Eoastrion crossing a late diagatetic chlorite crystal are compatible with the formation of branches by migration. Therefore, their biogenicity remains debatable
Guillemoteau, Julien. « Méthodologie d'interprétation en électromagnétisme aéroporté ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823207.
Texte intégralGosselin, Marie-Eve. « Potentiel du spinosad et de Beauveria bassiana comme agents de lutte contre le ver gris (Agrotis ipsilon) ». Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8131.
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