Articles de revues : « Benzyl aminopurine »

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A, KALAMANI. "INITIATION OF CALLUS AND PLANT REGENERATION IN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 81, November (1994): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01585.

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The hypocotyl explants of MDU 9 cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (1.0 mg/lit.)+ IAA (1.5 mg/lit.) formed callus in 20 days. The calli on sub culture to media containing benzyl amino purine (2.0 mg/lit.) developed shoots. Multiple shoots were formed from each callus mass. These on further sub culture with reduced level of benzyl aminopurine developed well. Root initiation and growth was promoted by lowering the sucrose concentration and supplementing the culture media with NAA (3.0 mg/lit.).

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Nada, Shadia, Siva Chennareddy, Stephen Goldman, et al. "Direct Shoot Bud Differentiation and Plantlet Regeneration from Leaf and Petiole Explants of Begonia tuberhybrida." HortScience 46, no. 5 (2011): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.5.759.

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We report here an efficient and high-frequency protocol for direct shoot bud differentiation from mature leaves and petioles of greenhouse-grown Begonia tuberhybrida plants. Shoot buds were induced directly on the adaxial surface of leaf tissues from not only at the cut ends, but also across the entire surface of both leaf and petiole segments. The highest frequency of shoot bud formation was 90%, and the maximum number of shoots (132) per leaf explant was achieved with modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg·L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ). In petioles, the highest frequency of shoot buds was 82%. A maximum number of 33 shoots per explant was achieved with 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L−1 TDZ. The number of shoots produced in both explants was drastically reduced in the treatment with benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with NAA and/or TDZ. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA. All the elongated shoots developed into complete, rooted plantlets within 3 months. All the plantlets were successfully transferred to soil in pots in the greenhouse and they produced morphologically normal flowers. Chemical names used: α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5ylurea (TDZ; thidiazuron), 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP)

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Nur Khozin, Mohammad, and Muhammad Dima Say Mona. "Induction and Regeneration of Tobacco Callus using Benzyl Aminopurine (BAP) and Furfuryl Aminopurine (Kinetin) With Thin Cell Layer (TCL) Technique." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1497, no. 1 (2025): 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1497/1/012017.

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Abstract Tobacco was a high-value crop that required effective and efficient cultivation methods to produce quality seedlings. This study aimed to enhance the efficiency of tobacco cultivation through tissue culture using the Thin Cell Layer (TCL) method. The study took place at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, between January and March 2024. Leaf bud explants from the Broadleaf One-Sucker tobacco variety were cultivated on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0, 2, 3, 4 ppm) and Kinetin (0, 3, 4 ppm). The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and was analyzed using SPSS 25 and Microsoft Excel. Callus color analysis used the Munsell Color Chart. The findings revealed that 3 ppm BAP was the best concentration for inducing callus in tobacco, with the callus appearing 10.78 days after planting (DAP) and explants sprouting within 8.3 DAP, producing 81.3 shoots. Visual observations indicated that the combination of 3 ppm BAP and 4 ppm Kinetin (P2M2) produced green callus with a compact texture, suitable for shoot formation. The green color of the callus indicated chlorophyll content, which was important for photosynthesis and shoot growth.

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Bonello, Mariella, Uroš Gašić, Živoslav Tešić, and Everaldo Attard. "Production of Stilbenes in Callus Cultures of the Maltese Indigenous Grapevine Variety, Ġellewża." Molecules 24, no. 11 (2019): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112112.

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The production of secondary metabolites in tissue culture has been considered as an alternative to the cultivation and harvesting of crops intended for this purpose. The present study was aimed at the growth of callus and production of polyphenolic compound of callus derived from a Maltese indigenous grapevine variety, Ġellewża. Callus was inoculated onto plant growth regulators-enriched Murashige Skoog media (MSm) to determine whether polyphenols are produced in vitro as well as to determine the best combination of plant growth regulators needed for the production of these metabolites. From results obtained, it was observed that the best callus production was obtained by auxin-enriched MSm. In fact, indole acetic acid and indole acetic acid /6-benzyl aminopurine enhanced biomass accumulation (3.04 g and 3.39 g) as opposed to the others (<1.97 g). On the other hand, parameters showing the presence of flavonoids (tonality, 3.80), particularly anthocyanins (24.09 mg/kg) and total polyphenols (1.42 mg/g), were optimum in the presence of cytokinins, particularly 6-benzyl aminopurine. Analysis for single polyphenols revealed a high amount a particular stilbene: polydatin (glucoside of resveratrol). Resveratrol and other typical polyphenols, found in mature berries, were also found in significant quantities, while the other polyphenolic compounds were found in minimal quantities. This is the first study to describe the production and composition of polyphenols in Ġellewża callus cultures. From the results obtained, it can be seen that this grape tissue is an excellent alternative for the production of polyphenols from the stilbene group, which can be upscaled and exploited commercially.

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Rustikawati, Rustikawati, Catur Herison, Entang Inoriah, and Vera Dwisari. "Effect of BAP (6-Benzyl Aminopurine) on In Vitro Shoot Growth of Curcumas." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 1 (2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.4.1.82-92.

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Curcuma sp has been widely investigated for its anti-cancer properties. Conventionally, vegetative propagation needs a long time to produce a large number of planting materials, so that it is necessary to find an alternative approach through in vitro propagation. The effect of BAP on the in vitro shoot formation of ‘temu putih’ and ‘temu putih’ has been investigated in this study. The experiment was a 4x2 factorial with 5 replications arranged in a completely randomized design. The first factor was the concentration of BAP i.e. 0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 ppm. The second factor was the curcuma species consisting of ‘temu putih’ (Curcuma zedoaria Roch.) and ‘temu mangga’ (Curcuma mangga Val.). Each experimental unit consisted of 2 in vitro bottles, each of which planted with 1 explant bud. Analysis of variance was conducted on percentage of live explants, shoot height, number of roots, root length, wet weight, percentage of explants that sprouted, percentage of rooted explants and shoot color. Mean comparison was performed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that there was no interaction between BAP concentration and genotype on any variable observed. The shoot growth of ‘temu putih’ was significantly higher than ‘temu mangga’ in vitro. The best concentration of BAP for the growth of ‘temu putih’ and ‘temu mangga’ shoots was 1.5 ppm.

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Markovic, Marija, Mihailo Grbic, and Ana Sindelic. "Possibility of micropropagation of dianthus giganteiformis subsp. Kladovanus (Degen) SÓO by the method of proliferation of lateral shoots." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 94 (2006): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0694171m.

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The micropropagation of kladovanus carnation (Dianthus giganteiformis subsp kladovanus) was tested by the lateral shoot proliferation method. Micropropagation was performed on the medium with 1/2 MS mineral solution supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, 50 mg?L-1 mio-inositol, 0.025 mg?L-1 thiamin, 0.125 mg?L-1 nicotinic acid and 0.5 mg?L-1 glycine. The development of lateral shoots was induced on 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) and ?-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The best results were achieved on the medium with 1 mg?L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg?L-1 NAA. Rooting was successful on the medium without hormones, and the percentage of acclimatisation was 83%.

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Markovic, Marija, Mihailo Grbic, Dragana Skocajic, and Danijela Djunisijevic-Bojovic. "Effect of phytohormone balance on shoot multiplication and rooting of the species Dianthus serotinus Waldst. and Kit." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 95 (2007): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0795083m.

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The effect of different phytohormone concentrations on shoot multiplication and shoot rooting was researched on the species Dianthus serotinus. All nutritive media contained MS mineral solution, 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, 100 mg?L-1 mioinositol, 0.05 mg?L-1 thiamin, 0.25 mg?L-1 nicotinic acid and 1 mg?L-1 glycine. For lateral shoot proliferation, the basic medium was supplemented with BAP (6-benzyl-aminopurine) in concentrations 0.1-2 mg?L-1 and NAA (?-naphthalene-acetic acid) in concentrations 0.1-1 mg?L-1. The best results were achieved on the medium with 0.5 mg?L-1 BAP and NAA. Rooting was most successful (73%) on the medium with 0.5 mg?L-1 NAA.

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Afzal Hossain, Md. "Standardization of Sucrose and 6-Benzyl Aminopurine for in vitro Micro Tuberization of Potato." American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 3, no. 2 (2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150302.13.

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Pandey, Ved Prakash, Jose Kudakasseril, Elizabeth Cherian, and George Patani. "COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA FROM NODAL EXPLANTS." INDIAN DRUGS 44, no. 07 (2007): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.44.07.p0514.

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Two different methods of in vitro multiplication of Rauwolfia serpentina from nodal explants were compared viz. multiplication via callus morphogenesis and that via shoot proliferation from axillary buds. The second method was found to be far better. The optimum shoot proliferation occurred on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/L of benzyl aminopurine (BAP). The best rooting of shoots occurred on MS medium containing 4% sucrose and 1 mg/L of NAA. Solid and liquid MS media were found to be similar in supporting shoot proliferation. The plants produced were successfully hardened and established in soil. An easy, reliable and reproducible protocol was developed for in vitro micropropagation of Rauwolfia serpentina from nodal explants.

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Pandey, Ved Prakash, Jose Kudakasseril, Elizabeth Cherian, and George Patani. "Comparison of two methods for in vitro propagation of Rauwolfia serpentina from nodal explants." Indian Drugs 44, no. 7 (2007): 514–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3597219.

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Two different methods of in vitro multiplication of Rauwolfia serpentina from nodal explants were compared viz. multiplication via callus morphogenesis and that via shoot proliferation from axillary buds. The second method was found to be far better. The optimum shoot proliferation occurred on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/L of benzyl aminopurine (BAP). The best rooting of shoots occurred on MS medium containing 4% sucrose and 1 mg/L of NAA. Solid and liquid MS media were found to be similar in supporting shoot proliferation. The plants produced were successfully hardened and established in soil. An easy, reliable and reproducible protocol was developed for in vitro micropropagation of Rauwolfia serpentina from nodal explants.

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Singh, BM, C. Wawrosch, SD Joshi, and B. Kopp. "Micropropagation of Bauhinia variegata L. from Tissue Culture." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (2013): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7397.

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Bauhinia variegate L. is a multipurpose tree and its micropropagation holds great promise in agroforestry. The sterilized seeds were first inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Nodal cuttings from these seedlings grown in vitro were used as explants for micropropagation. Nodal cutting inoculated on the medium with various concentrations of BAP (benzyl-aminopurine) and NAA (£- naphthalene acetic acid) and separately generated varied results. Best propagation was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 ?M BAP with 0.05 ?M NAA. Propagated plants were successfully acclimatized and rooted in pots (6 cm diameter) containing soil and sand in1:1 ratio and then finally transferred to the field. All the data generated were analysed statistically using SPSS statistical package. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 39-41 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7397

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Yang, Chuan Gui, Bao Gao, and Jing Ran Liu. "Calcium Ion and Protocorm Differentiation for Cymbidium Hybrid Cymbidium Lucky Gloria × Cymbidium Lovely Moon 'Crescent'." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.475.

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The low protocorm rate of the hybrid Cymbidium Lucky Gloria × Cymbidium Lovely Moon Crescent (LLC) has long been a detriment to its propagation. In this paper, we describe the thorough research about the effects of calcium ion concentration on the protocorm differentiation for Cymbidium hybrid LLC in vitro through 4 levels of Ca2+ concentration in MS medium based on the trial test including medium experiment with different calcium concentrations and the use of calcium inhibitor La3+. Our studies revealed that Ca2+ played a key role in protocorm differentiation of LLC, which was against the generally accepted idea about the function of 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in hybrid cymbidium protorcorm differentiation in vitro. The Chain reaction constituted by cytokinin, calcium, and auxin is submitted to exloringly explain the function mechanism of Ca2+.

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Mendel, Peter. "EVALUATION OF SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS IN INDUSTRIAL HEMP AFTER PHYTOHORMONAL TREATMENT." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 57, no. 01 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/20.7586.

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Plant growth and development is significantly influenced by phytohormones – endogenous molecules present naturally in plants. The best known plant hormones are auxins and cytokinins. This study examined the possible effect of externally applied plant hormone analogues (growth regulators): 1-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) on industrial fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L., variety Bialobrzeskie). Plants were treated with three different concentrations of NAA (5, 10 and 20 mg/l) and three different concentrations of BAP (10, 25 and 50 mg/l). Morphological and physiological characteristics, such as apical dominance, shoot branching, fibre properties, and flavonoid content were evaluated. The chosen variety of hemp had a significant response to exogenous application of growth regulators, as has been observed with other plant species. Most notably, completely understood and controlled synthetic auxin tretament has a potential to increase the bark fibre yield of hemp.

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Wang, Xiao-juan. "Effects of di-butyl phthalate on in vitro morphogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana." Functional Plant Biology 30, no. 8 (2003): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03005.

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Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the common environmental contaminants found both in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about its effects on plant morphogenesis. We report here a study examining the effects of DBP on morphogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. When stems and laminae of Arabidopsis were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA, 2 mg L–1) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.2 mg L–1), both produced callus and some shoots. However, the presence of 1�mg�L–1 DBP in the above medium inhibited formation of callus by stems and laminae, and eventually led to the death of the callus, indicating that DBP inhibited the de-differentiation and differentiation of Arabidopsis stem and laminae explants. Transmission electronic microscopy showed that DBP caused membrane and organelle disruption, which might explain the failure of cell division in treated tissues.

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Pal, Ram, M. Dayamma, and V. Nagrare. "Effects of BAP (6-Benzyl aminopurine) on bud break and plantlet regeneration from the back bulbs of Calanthe yucksomnensis S.Z. Lucksom (Orchidaceae)." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 1 (2009): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-47at4l.

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The effect of BAP (6-benzyl aminopurine) on bud break in the back bulbs of Calanthe yuksomnensis was studied. For this purpose, the back bulbs were soaked in aqueous solution of BAP (20-200 mg/l) for 24 hours. The back bulbs were packed in transparent polyethylene bags with moist sawdust and stored in dark at room temperature for 40 days. The BAP concentration 20-100 mg/l increased number of sprouted back bulbs whereas higher concentration decreased the number of sprouted bulbs. The highest number of sprouted bulbs was obtained from BAP 100 mg/l treatment and maximum shoot bud length was recorded from the back bulbs soaked in solution containing 40 mg/l BAP. These sprouted back bulbs when planted in medium containing (1:1:1) leaf mould, farm yard manurer and garden soil (v/v) unfolded their leaves and developed into complete plant.

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Massolo, Juan F., María L. Lemoine, Alicia R. Chaves, Analía Concellón, and Ariel R. Vicente. "Benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) treatments delay cell wall degradation and softening, improving quality maintenance of refrigerated summer squash." Postharvest Biology and Technology 93 (July 2014): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.02.010.

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Ugare, Bharat, Kaushik Banerjee, S. D. Ramteke, et al. "Dissipation kinetics of forchlorfenuron, 6-benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid and ethephon residues in table grapes (Vitis vinifera)." Food Chemistry 141, no. 4 (2013): 4208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.111.

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Drew, Roderick A. "Improved Techniques for in Vitro Propagation and Germplasm Storage of Papaya." HortScience 27, no. 10 (1992): 1122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.10.1122.

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A multiplication technique based on subculture of nodal sections from apically dominant shoots is described for papaya (Carica papaya L.). Best multiplication rates were obtained when single-node papaya sections were cultured on a modified De Fossard medium containing 0.5 μm of both BAP and NAA. Shoots that developed from axillary buds were dissected and cultured for 3 days on rooting medium containing 10 μm IBA and subsequently transferred to hormone-free Drew-Smith (DS) medium. Explant growth rate was significantly reduced by substitution of 1% fructose for 2% sucrose in the medium. However, after 12 months of incubation at 25C without subculture, 100% of shoots on medium containing fructose were recovered when nodal sections were subcultured and grown using the above techniques. Consequent advantages are proposed for germplasm storage in lieu of low-temperature incubation. These techniques may have application to other species. Chemical names used: N6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), I H -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 H -indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

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Saini, Neha, Rashmi Verma, Rabia Basri Aziz, Ashmita Bhatt, Hem Chandra Pant, and Naveen Gaurav. "Effect of Growth Regulators on Direct Clonal Propagation and Analysis of Total Phenolic Content of Wild and Propagated Mucuna pruriens." Scientific Temper 13, no. 02 (2022): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2022.13.2.51.

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Mucuna pruriens is an important vegetable cover crop. Almost every part of the plant is thoughtto contain L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa). The present study describes a quick anddependable technique for high-constancy miniature spread. Helper nodal explants were refinedon Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) media boosted with different groupings of cytokinins from15-day-old refined explants. Throughout the primary culture on 35 to 45 mg/l 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) greatest no of shoots was delivered. The number of shoots expanded when theflawless shoots were exposed to re-refine on a similar hormonal medium. The stretched shootscreated a limit of roots on half-strength MS medium enhanced with 20-40 mg/l naphthaleneacidic corrosive (NAA). The Plantlets were adjusted by moving them first to peat greenery:manure (1:1) combination further with sand: soil (1:1) blend, recording 90% endurance. Thisframework gives high constancy miniature engendering framework for proficient and fastminiature proliferation and evaluation of phenolic content of this significant green compostcover crop with restorative properties.

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Lavakumaran, Lavanya, and Thayamini H. Seran. "Effect of 6-benzyl-aminopurine and thidiazuron on in vitro shoot organogenesis of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f." Chilean journal of agricultural research 74, no. 4 (2014): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392014000400018.

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Kumari, Meenakshi. "Modulation in growth and development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtubers by different concentration of 6-benzyl aminopurine." African Journal of Plant Science 14, no. 2 (2020): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1897.

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Oulkar, Dasharath P., Kaushik Banerjee, and Sunil Kulkarni. "Multiresidue Analysis of Plant Growth Regulators in Grapes by Triple Quadrupole and Quadrupole–Time of Flight-Based Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 6 (2011): 1715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeoulkar.

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Abstract A selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method is presented for simultaneous determination of 12 plant growth regulators, viz., indol-3-acetic acid, indol-3-butyric acid, kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, chlormequat chloride, forchlorfenuron, paclobutrazole, daminozide, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, in bud sprouts and grape berries. The sample preparation method involved extraction of homogenized sample (5 g) with 40 mL methanol (80%), and final determination was by LC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with time segmentation for quantification supported by complementary analysis by quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) MS with targeted high-resolution MS/MS scanning for confirmatory identification based on accurate mass measurements. The recovery of the test compounds ranged within 90–107% with precision RSD less than 5% (n = 6). The method could be successfully applied in analyzing incurred residue samples, and the strength of accurate mass analysis could be utilized in identifying the compounds in cases where the qualifier MRM ions were absent or at an S/N less than 3:1 due to low concentrations.

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Sa’adan, Hafizuddin, and Zarina Zainuddin. "CALLUS INDUCTION FROM LEAF EXPLANT OF FICUS DELTOIDEA VARKUNSTLERI." Science Heritage Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 06–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gws.01.2020.06.08.

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Ficus deltoidea or commonly known as ‘mas cotek’ is a herbal plant indigenous to Southeast Asia including Malaysia and Indonesia. This plant is popular for its medicinal values such as improve blood circulation, regain energy and enhance fertility naturally for both men and women. The main objective of this study is to develop in vitro clonal propagation method for rapid production of F. deltoidea using different concentrations of benzyl aminopurine (BAP) through shoot induction and multiplication, rooting and subsequent establishment in soil following acclimatization. Surface sterilization of the leaf explants was done using mercury chloride and ethanol as the disinfectants. Pre-treatment of the explants with carbendazim successfully reduced the occurrence of fungal contamination. At the end of the experiment, no shoot and root induction were observed but calli were successfully induced on MS medium containing 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l BAP, with calli induced from 3.0 mg/l BAP were bigger and healthier. In short, the higher the concentration of BAP used, the higher tendency for the explant to induce callus.

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Waldecker, Mark A., and Donald L. Wyse. "Chemical and Physical Effects of the Accumulation of Glyphosate in Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Root Buds." Weed Science 33, no. 5 (1985): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500082953.

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Distribution of14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] in chemically treated and physically manipulated common milkweed [Asclepias syriaca(L.) ♯ ASCSY] was studied in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. Pretreatment with glyphosate at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ae/ha 3 days prior to14C-glyphosate application to leaves reduced the concentration of14C recovered from shoots and leaves above the14C-glyphosate-treated leaves but had no influence on the concentration of14C in proximal root buds. Partial removal of the shoot and root prior to the application of14C-glyphosate increased bud respiration and the concentration of14C in the proximal root buds. Proximal root buds treated with 1 mM of 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) for 6 days (3 days prior to application of14C-glyphosate) contained seven times more14C/mg than root buds of BAP-untreated plants, suggesting that dormant buds could be chemically stimulated to accumulate higher concentrations of glyphosate. BAP-treated buds were killed by foliar applications of glyphosate at 1.1 kg/ha, indicating that proximal root buds can be stimulated to acquire lethal concentrations of glyphosate.

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Hartatie Hardjo, Popy, Ida Bagus Made Artadana, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra, and Asad Jan. "Keiki induction by cytokinin on Phalaenopsis spp." E3S Web of Conferences 374 (2023): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337400026.

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A Keiki is the product of asexual propagation which naturally develop at the node of a flower stalk or cane. Phalaenopsis produce Keiki along the middle to end nodes on the flower stalk. Although keikis are an inefficient way to propagate orchids on a commercial scale, it is interesting to study the cytokinin hormone Benzyl Aminopurine (BAP) effect to stimulate keikis on a node along the flower stalk. Two nodes of each flower stalk were used in this experiment. Cytokinin hormone (0 mg L−1 , 2 000 mg L−1 , 4 000 mg L−1 , 6 000 mg L−1 BAP) was only applied once to the second, third, fourth, and fifth nodes of the flower stalk base. The Keiki raised from the second and third nodes of the flower stalk while the flower spike raised from the fourth to sixth basal. BAP stimulated bud break on the node of the flower stalk and could produce either flower spike or keikis depending on node position from the basal node of the flower stalk.

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Bajwa, Ali Ahsan, Muhammad Farooq, and Ahmad Nawaz. "Seed priming with sorghum extracts and benzyl aminopurine improves the tolerance against salt stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 24, no. 2 (2018): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0512-9.

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Pebriana, Fitriya, Sri Wiyatiningsih, and Pangesti Nugrahani. "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI 6-Benzyl Aminopurine (BAP) PADA MEDIA MS TERHADAP INDUKSI KULTUR JARINGAN CAKRAM BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)." BERKALA ILMIAH AGROTEKNOLOGI - PLUMULA 6, no. 1 (2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/plumula.v6i1.1.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik untuk induksi kultur jaringan cakram bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai November 2017 di Laboratorium Bioteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 1 faktor dan diulang sebanyak 10 kali. Adapun perlakuan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan yaitu Z0 (Kontrol (MS)), Z1 (MS + BAP + 1,5 ppm), Z2 (MS + BAP + 2,5 ppm) dan Z3 (MS + BAP + 3,5 ppm). Parameter yang digunakan adalah persentase daya tumbuh eksplan, persentase eksplan tumbuh akar, persentase eksplan tumbuh tunas, persentase eksplan stagnan, panjang daun, jumlah akar, dan jumlah daun. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian penambahan ZPT BAP dengan konsentrasi 2,5 ppm merupakan perlakuan terbaik terhadap persentase daya tumbuh eksplan, persentase eksplan tumbuh akar, persentase eksplan tumbuh tunas, persentase eksplan stagnan, jumlah akar, jumlah daun dan panjang daun.

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Saadatian, Bijan, Mohamad Kafi, Mohamad Banayan aval, and Jafar Nabati. "Effect of paclobutrazol and benzyl aminopurine application at two growth stages on yield and breaking dormancy of potato minitubers." Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 8, no. 3 (2017): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ejgcst.8.3.51.

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Ohrt, J. M., S. P. Dutta, and T. Srikrishnan. "Hydrogen bonding of modified bases involving Watson-Crick sites: Crystal structure and conformation of Benzyl 6-aminopurine-7-carboxylate." Crystal Research and Technology 41, no. 7 (2006): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.200510655.

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Maślanka, Małgorzata. "Effect of Light Spectrum, Sucrose Concentration, and 6-Benzyl-aminopurine on In Vitro Adventitious Bulb Formation in Tulipa tarda." Agronomy 15, no. 3 (2025): 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030642.

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This study presents the optimal light spectrum and medium composition for the in vitro induction of adventitious bulbs in T. tarda Stapf. Bulb scales, used as explants, were cultivated on 100% MS solid media with 3% or 6% sucrose and 0 or 0.5 µM BAP (6-benzyl-aminopurine) under a 16 h photoperiod and different fluorescent light treatments (white, red, blue). Darkness was used as a control. The cultures were maintained at 20 ± 2 °C for 12 weeks. The obtained results revealed that white light combined with 6% sucrose yielded the highest adventitious bulb formation, with an average of 12.1 ± 1.3 bulbs per explant. The bulbs formed directly on the surface of the explants. Red light combined with 3% sucrose and 0.5 µM BAP completely inhibited bulb formation, while darkness promoted leaf development, with a maximum of 1.3 ± 0.1 leaves per bulb, under darkness on medium with 6% sucrose. The addition of BAP, in most cases, was essential for root formation, with a maximum of 2.9 ± 0.6 roots per bulb under the influence of white light. This study demonstrates that it is possible to obtain an effective and efficient method for T. tarda propagation from bulb scales treated with 6% sucrose under white light condition. This method offers the potential for the commercial cultivation of this ornamental species.

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Nigar, Qandeela, Hassan Mahmood ul, Rashid Mehmood Rana, Irfan Ali, Hesham S. Almoallim, and Mohammad Javed Ansari. "Optimization of embryo rescue technique for development of hybrid plants in stenospermic grapes." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 36 (August 28, 2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.126572.

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The development of seedless cultivars is a primary goal in grapevine breeding. Since grapes are stenospermic and tend to abort their embryos before development, traditional breeding methods often yield seedless cultivars at a low frequency. Therefore, embryo rescue has emerged as a promising approach for creating seedless grape cultivars. This study aimed to optimize the ideal sampling time and protocol for efficient embryo rescue in grapes. Ovules from immature berries collected at various days after pollination (20DAP, 30DAP, 40DAP, and 50DAP) were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium with different concentrations of Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg/L) and Activated Charcoal (AC) (1.5, 2, and 2.5 g/L). Several parameters were assessed, including maximum ovule growth, the percentage of enlarged ovules, percentage of collapsed ovules, callus formation percentage, and embryo germination percentage. The study's results indicated that berries collected at 40 DAP yielded the best outcomes across all parameters. Regarding treatments, the most favorable results were achieved when ovules were cultured on NN medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 2 g/L AC. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of choosing the right sampling time and treatments to ensure efficient embryo rescue in grapes. The protocol standardized from this research is recommended for effectively rescuing embryos and developing seedless hybrids.

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Kodad, Souhayla, Reda Melhaoui, Christophe Hano, et al. "Effect of Culture Media and Plant Growth Regulators on Shoot Proliferation and Rooting of Internode Explants from Moroccan Native Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) Genotypes." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (April 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9931574.

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In this study, several methods have been used to facilitate shoot formation from nodal explants of local almond ecotypes known as “Beldi” grown in Eastern Morocco. Nodal segments of divers old local genotypes were cultured on various concentrations of auxin (indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) and cytokinins (6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ), and kinetin (KIN)) added to two different media (Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Heller medium). The results showed that TDZ was more effective than the other tested hormones for in vitro proliferation of the “Beldi” ecotype. TDZ at the concentration of 1 mg/L significantly improved the nodal shoot proliferation rate, with the highest percentage (63.6% ± 0.63) and number of regenerated shoots (13 ± 0.54) recorded for S1 genotype inoculated on MS medium, while the most significant rooting rate (60.41% ± 0.81) of proliferated shoots and number of roots per shoot (7.3 ± 1.36) were achieved for S2 genotype on 1 mg/L of IBA incorporated to a half-strength MS medium. With 80% of plantlets survival, the rooted shoots were successfully adapted to the in vivo conditions and were grown vigorously in the greenhouse without any morphological abnormalities.

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Pagani, Alberto, Danilo Carnelos, Jorge Molinari, Ernesto Giardina, and Adalberto Di Benedetto. "An exogenous cytokinin supply in the ornamental fern Asplenium nidus L. induces an unusual post-transplant biomass accumulation." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 2 (2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i2.2259.

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Abstract Ferns are ornamental plants with a low relative growth rate and long production cycles, which are grown at small pot volumes to optimize the commercial space for sale. However, the root restriction effects under this plant management can limit biomass accumulation and frond area. Since an exogenous spray with cytokinin (6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP)) has been suggested as a tool to override the root restriction in plants grown in pots, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different BAP doses (5, 50, 100 or 200 mg L-1) once (7 days after transplant), twice (7 and 30 days after transplant) or three times (7, 30, and 60 days after transplant), on plant growth and frond area development in spore-propagated Asplenium nidus fern plants grown in pots. Both increasing the BAP doses and number of applications led to an unusual response: an excessive decrease in the frond plastochron and a significant increase in the frond number initiated at the apical shoot meristem. This large frond number was not sustained due to the low net photosynthetic rate of the younger fronds and significantly limited outward appearance.

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KHOSRAVINIA, Sara, Seyed Mahdi ZIARATNIA, Abdolreza BAGHERI, Ghadir RAJABZADEH, and Seyed Hassan MARASHI. "Comparison of Cuminaldehyde Contents from Cell Suspension Cultures and Seeds of [Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.]." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 4, no. 4 (2012): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb447963.

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The cell suspension culture and seed samples of Bunium persicum were extracted by supercritical fluid, hydrodistillation and solvent methods and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. In this study to compare the different methods of extractions, cuminaldehyde was targeted as one of the Black zira essential oil constitute. For callus induction the germinated seeds were cultured as explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l kinetin (treatment A) as well as 2 mg/l ?-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyl aminopurine (treatment B) and followed by cells suspension cultures establishment for the first time. The results of cell culture showed that cells from treatment B have a growth rate higher than A. All extracts were dissolved in 1 ml hexane and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. According to the Gas Chromatography analysis, cuminaldehyde was not detected in the supercritical fluid samples, while it was present in hydrodistillation and solvent extract. Cuminaldehyde percentage in cell and seed solvent extracts was 4.65% and 18.61% respectively. Gas Chromatography results also showed that no cuminaldehyde is present in media extracts, means no cuminaldehyde has been secreted into the medium.

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Teshome, Shiferaw, and Tileye Feyissa. "Direct Organogenesis of Glinus lotoides L. ? Antihelmintic Herb Using Nodal Segments." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 26, no. 1 (2016): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v26i1.29774.

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Glinus lotoides L. is a valuable medicinal herb for the treatment of human and livestock ailments. However, it was listed under endangered plant species due to over utilization and lower seed viability. The purpose of this study has been to develop a micropropagation method from nodal segments of G. lotoides. MS containing various concentrations of Kn was used for culture induction. Best culture establishment (95%) and highest mean shoot number (2.45 ± 0.37) were achieved on a medium containing 1.5 mg/l Kn. Even though different concentrations of 6?benzyl aminopurine (BAP), Kn and ??naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were utilized for shoot proliferation, the highest number of shoots per nodal segment (3.66 ± 0.61) was attained in the medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.2 mg/l NAA. Shoots were rooted on half strength MS containing IBA, IAA and NAA. In a medium containing 1.5 mg/l IBA, 5.80 ± 1.10 roots per shoot, 1.05 ± 0.10 cm root length and 100% root generation frequency were obtained. Plantlets were successfully established under greenhouse conditions with 94% survival rate and no aberrant plants were detected.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 131-141, 2016 (June)

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Zayova, Ely Georgieva, Maria Prokopova Geneva, Kamelia Dimitrova Miladinova-Georgieva, Marieta Georgieva Hristozkova, and Ira Valkova Stancheva. "Impact of Plant Growth Regulators on Greek oregano Micropropagation and Antioxidant Activity." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 2 (2016): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2746.

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This study highlights the development and achievements made for the micropropagation of Greek oregano (Origanum heracleoticum L. ) using stem tip explants. The shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium followed different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGR) - 6-benzyl aminopurine, thidiazuron and zeatin at concentrations (0.5 or 1.0 mg L-1). The induction of multiple shoots from stem tip segments was the highest in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 zeatin. It was the most effective medium for shoot formation, which produced multiple shoots (2.7) with an average height of 3.5 cm. These shoots were transferred on half strength MS medium containing three different auxins: indole-3-butyric acid, α-naphthalene acetic acid or indole-3-acetic acid (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1) for rooting, Multiple shoots were the most efficiently rooted on ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plants showed the best adaptation on pots containing peat: perlite (2: 1 v/v). The higher rates of shoots number and height per plant have a positive relationship with the production of metabolites with antioxidant potential as phenols and flavonoids as well as with ferric reducing antioxidant potential.

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Gonzales-Arteaga, Javier J., Juan Rodríguez-Layza, Ladislao C. Romero-Rivas, Adelmo Párraga-Quintanilla, and Julio A. Olivera-Soto. "Role of BA and IAA on regeneration and shoot proliferation in vitro of three strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) varieties." Agroindustrial Science 13, no. 2 (2023): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2023.02.05.

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The objective was to determine the response of three strawberrry varieties (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) to the aplication of two plant growth regulators: indol acetic acid (IAA) and 6-Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) added to Murashige & Skoog médium in strawberry micropropagation. The complete randomized block design was used and three strawberry varieties ‘Aromas’, ‘Albion’ and ‘Camarosa’ were considered as trials. MS medium for shoot regeneration in initial stage was supplemented with BAP 0.5 mgL-1 and IAA 0.6 mgL-1. Shoot proliferation MS medium was supplemented with BAP 0.5 mgL-1 in multiplication stage and MS medium hormone free was used for rooting induction. It was determined that after 32 days of cultivation the combination of IAA and BAP significantly affected shoot regeneration of apical shoot tips of three strawberry varieties. The greatest effect was caused on ‘Camarosa’. In addition, results on shoot multiplication using BAP indicated that ‘Albion’ performed better in shoot proliferation in terms of shoots per explants reaching 2.51 compared to ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Aromas’ with significant differences. However rooting medium with no growth regulators improves root development with best response of ‘Camarosa’ root length reaching 4.76 cm.

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Sivakumar, P., M. Chitra, K. Sasikala, M. Selvamurugan, and V. Karunakaran. "An Overview of Pharmaceutical Applications and In vitro Micropropagation Techniques for Rare and Endangered Plant Species." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 9 (2024): 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i91330.

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Many rare and endangered plant species possess valuable secondary metabolites with pharmacological applications. These bioactive compounds are often integral to traditional medicine systems, highlighting the cultural significance of these plants. The health benefits of many medicinal species are not fully validated by contemporary scientific research, and some may be facing extinction due to habitat loss, overharvesting or climate change. This situation highlights the urgent need for effective conservation strategies of the species and sustainable cultivation methods. Micropropagation is a valuable technique for producing large numbers of plants from a single explant, significantly aiding in the conservation and commercial cultivation of rare species. Among the various types of explants, shoot tips and nodal segments have been identified as the most effective explants for micropropagation. These explants can be induced to generate multiple shoots in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing Benzyl aminopurine (BAP). Thidiazuron (TDZ), Kinetin (KIN), or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are commonly used in MS medium to promote shoot and root development in both direct and indirect organogenesis processes. Rooting of the plantlets was typically achieved using MS medium either supplemented with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or devoid of auxins, depending on the species and the specific requirements for rooting.

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Babadjanova, Feruza I., Khurshida A. Ubaydullaeva, Akmal M. Asrorov, et al. "Improvement of callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by selecting optimal hormonal balance in Sarnav and Desiree potato varieties." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 69, no. 1 (2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2023-0004.

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Abstract Callus formation and somatic embryogenesis in potato varieties are effective ways to obtain an entire plant from a single cell. The implementation of embryogenesis is widely used in improving plant materials and creating new biotechnological varieties. In our research, the optimum level of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) was determined in the formation of callus tissue in the local Sarnav potato variety, and the Desiree variety taken as a control. Leaf and stem explants were used in the processes of callus tissue formation and somatic embryogenesis of both varieties. We tried various plant growth regulators for callus formation and somatic embryogenesis in different ratios. The 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L BAP were established as the best option for callus formation resulting in 92 and 100% development of callus in internodes of Desiree and Sarnav varieties, respectively. The 0.1 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA3) resulted in almost 80% development of somatic embryogenesis in both varieties and were found as the most optimum option. These results showed that regenerated plants can be obtained from the Sarnav potato variety by somatic embryogenesis. This method can be applied to the Sarnav variety for genetic transformation studies.

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Gandolfo, Esteban, Guido Hakim, Ernesto Giardina, and Adalberto Di Benedetto. "Involvement of cytokinins in biomass accumulation of Limonium sinuatum under root restriction during nursery." Ornamental Horticulture 28, no. 4 (2022): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v28i4.2553.

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Abstract It has been suggested that the response of the specialty cut flower Limonium sinuatum to different abiotic stress situations related to the plug tray cell size during nursery could be associated with the synthesis and translocation of endogenous cytokinins produced in the root tips. To validate this hypothesis, the aim of this work was to evaluate the participation of cytokinins in the process of biomass accumulation in L. sinuatum plants through foliar spraying with a synthetic cytokinin (benzyl aminopurine, BAP) and an inhibitor of the synthesis of endogenous cytokinins (dopamine). Our results indicated that spraying L. sinuatum plants with BAP increased leaf area initiation and expansion, biomass accumulation through increased plant photosynthetic capacity, and differential partitioning towards the shoot apical meristem by a positive feedback mechanism that has a threshold of optimal response close to 100 mg L-1 BAP. Dopamine spraying appeared to affect the synthesis of endogenous cytokinins, reducing the previously mentioned responses. Responses were dose-dependent, with an optimum of 100 mg L-1 BAP and 200 mg L-1 dopamine. Our results allow concluding that the level of endogenous cytokinins during the abiotic stress such as root restriction during nursery is a determining variable of the biomass accumulation process in this species.

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Kodad, Souhayla, Reda Melhaoui, Mohamed Addi, et al. "Micropropagation of zygotic embryos from genetically diverse almond seedling orchards in eastern Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 298 (2021): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129803008.

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Numerous studies on perennial crops have shown that almond has a low tolerance to climate change, which led to detailed study for its adaptation by focusing on selecting heat-tolerant almond varieties. The long period of perennial agriculture creates particular challenges in a changing climate. The risk complicates the choice of a variety that the best variety for the current climate may be poorly suited for future climates. Hence the interest of having a large variability of tolerant genotypes. In the eastern Mediterranean region of Morocco, seedling almond trees are largely grown, which created an important gene pool, both for breeding programs and the selection of superior genotypes adapted to difficult pedo-climatic conditions. For the conservation of crop biodiversity in these almond groves, micropropagation is considered a feasible technique for producing and regenerating superior planting materials. Zygotic embryos of several local ecotypes of the almond native population known as ''Beldi'' were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The results showed multiple shoot initiation from zygotic embryos on MS medium containing 1mg/L of 6-Benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) combined with 0.5 mg/L of Indole butyric acid (IBA). A high rooting rate was obtained on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L of IBA.

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de Lojo, Juan María, Esteban Gandolfo, Verónica Feuring, Ernesto Benito Giardina, Carlos Luís Boschi, and Adalberto Di Benedetto. "Garden post-transplant effects of pre-transplant plug cell volume and growing medium quality (as abiotic stresses) in Impatiens walleriana." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 3 (2021): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2295.

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Abstract Although much is known about the production of bedding plants, including Impatiens walleriana, little has been documented on their post-production performance. Thus, the aim of this work was to understand how pre-transplant crop management related to root restrictions imposed by plug cell volume and substrate quality affects the post-production performance related to biomass accumulation. To this end, we tested four plug cell volumes, as well as four growing media with significantly different physical and chemical properties, during nursery and pot culture. We also evaluated the difference between use and nonuse of synthetic cytokinin spray (benzyl aminopurine, BAP), a proven stress alleviator. Our novelty data validated the previous hypothesis and showed that plant quality and garden performance are dependent on these potential stress sources. The physiological mechanisms involved included differences in leaf area expansion (estimated mainly by relative leaf area expansion rate) and differences in CO2 fixation capacity (estimated by net assimilation rate). The sum of these responses determined significant differences in total fresh and dry weight during pot culture, which were amplified when plants were transplanted to a field bed. Spraying plants with synthetic cytokinin early during nursery allowed overriding of most root restriction abiotic stresses related to plug cell volume and growing media; therefore, synthetic cytokinin constitutes a tool to improve the yield of bedding plants (at the grower's level) and garden performance.

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Mekky, Hattem, Samah El Sohafy, Rasha Abu El-khair, and Amr El Hawiet. "TOTAL POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SILYBUM MARIANUM CULTURES GROWN ON DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 4 (2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i4.16372.

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Objective: The present study was designed to study the effect of supplementing Silybum marianum cultures with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators on the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the produced cultures.Methods: The total polyphenolic content of 23 extracts of calli was calculated as µg of gallic acid/mg of dry weight extract (DWE) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was calculated as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay for extracts containing more than 10 µg gallic acid/mg DWE.Results: Most of the combinations showed an increase in the total polyphenolic concentration compared to the wild plant. However, cultures grown on media supplemented with combinations of benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and gebberellic acid (Gb), adenine (Ad) and kinetin (Kin), BAP and indole acetic acid (IAA) possessed the highest total polyphenolic contents 20.5, 13.09 and 12.15 µg gallic acid/mg DWE, respectively. However, only (BAP+Gb), (BAP+1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), IAA, kin and (BAP+Ad) showed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity calculated as trolox equivalent with 2.65, 1.56, 1.56, 1.35 and 1.22 folds increase over the wild plant, respectively.Conclusion: The results obtained clearly indicated that changing the growth regulator system of Silybum marianum cultures serves as an easy and reliable method for increasing the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of cultures.

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Nigar, Qandeela, Mahmood ul Hassan, Rashid Mehmood Rana, Irfan Ali, Hesham S. Almoallim, and Mohammad Javed Ansari. "Optimization of embryo rescue technique for development of hybrid plants in stenospermic grapes." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 36 (August 28, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.126572.

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The development of seedless cultivars is a primary goal in grapevine breeding. Since grapes are stenospermic and tend to abort their embryos before development, traditional breeding methods often yield seedless cultivars at a low frequency. Therefore, embryo rescue has emerged as a promising approach for creating seedless grape cultivars. This study aimed to optimize the ideal sampling time and protocol for efficient embryo rescue in grapes. Ovules from immature berries collected at various days after pollination (20DAP, 30DAP, 40DAP, and 50DAP) were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium with different concentrations of Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg/L) and Activated Charcoal (AC) (1.5, 2, and 2.5 g/L). Several parameters were assessed, including maximum ovule growth, the percentage of enlarged ovules, percentage of collapsed ovules, callus formation percentage, and embryo germination percentage. The study&rsquo;s results indicated that berries collected at 40 DAP yielded the best outcomes across all parameters. Regarding treatments, the most favorable results were achieved when ovules were cultured on NN medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 2 g/L AC. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of choosing the right sampling time and treatments to ensure efficient embryo rescue in grapes. The protocol standardized from this research is recommended for effectively rescuing embryos and developing seedless hybrids.

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Peng, Meng-xuan, Ru-meng Chen, Qian Wei, et al. "Effects of Genotype, Light, and Plant Growth Regulators on Rhizome Browning, Proliferation, and Sprouting in Cymbidium." HortScience 58, no. 6 (2023): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17119-23.

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Chinese cymbidiums are important flowering ornamental plants. Traditional propagation via seed or division cannot satisfy growers’ demand for commercialization of new cultivars, and in vitro propagation has a low micropropagation efficiency due to the browning of rhizomes. In this study, rhizomes of Cymbidium ‘14-16-13’ and ‘14-16-5’ were cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP), NAA (α-napthaleneacetic acid), or BAP with NAA under either the dark or light. The degree of browning was read, and rhizome proliferation or sprouting (sprout numbers) was evaluated. Results showed that there was significant difference in browning grade of rhizomes between ‘14-16-13’ and ‘14-16-5’ regardless of dark and light culture. Dark culture induced rhizome proliferation but failed to induce sprouts. Light culture slightly elevated the degree of browning but induced sprouting. Among the growth regulators evaluated, BAP was more effective for sprout induction. As rhizome browning appeared to be inevitable in micropropagation of the cymbidiums, a compromise between browning and sprout production could be a realistic approach. Our study showed that rhizomes cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L−1 BAP were able to produce more than 16 sprouts per vessel even though browning occurred in the rhizomes. Thus, culturing rhizomes in this medium could be a practical solution for in vitro propagation of Chinese cymbidiums.

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Bojko, Monika, Magdalena Kędra, Agata Adamska, Zuzanna Jakubowska, Monika Tuleja, and Beata Myśliwa-Kurdziel. "Induction and Characteristics of Callus Cultures of the Medicinal Plant Tussilago farfara L." Plants 13, no. 21 (2024): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13213080.

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Tussilago farfara L. is a traditional medicinal plant valued for its potentially health-promoting metabolites. Its herbal raw material has been recognized and used since ancient times and continues to be widely used in traditional medicine. Introducing this plant species to in vitro cultivation is a challenging task, but once the protocol is developed, such cultures can provide an abundant and inexhaustible source of plant material. In this study, we report the successful induction and growth of vigorous T. farfara callus in vitro. Callus induction was achieved on MS solid media with the combination of indole-3-acetic acid (3 mg/L) and benzyl aminopurine (2 mg/L) in darkness, whereas it appeared inefficient under light conditions and in suspension culture. We present a detailed description of callus growth kinetics, morphological analysis, photosynthetic activity, and biochemical parameters (including protein content and photosynthetic pigments) supported by histological studies. Furthermore, we observed the potential for organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. This method for the in vitro propagation of T. farfara, along with callus culture maintenance, offers a wide range of applications in pharmacy for the production of valuable metabolites. Moreover, it could benefit the environment by reducing the depletion of natural populations of this species and may serve as an alternative strategy for species conservation in light of global warming.

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Ashok, Kumar, CP Singh, and Ram Sant. "Response of Plant Hormone bioassay to Paclobutrazol." International Journal of Plant Science and Horticulture 1, no. 3 (2019): 150–62. https://doi.org/10.36811/ijpsh.2019.110014.

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Quantitative estimation of a known or suspected biologically active substance (such as a hormone or drug) by measuring its effect on a living organism in standard conditions is known as bioassay. The interaction of gibberellic acid (GA3) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) in lettuce hypocotyl bioassay and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and paclobutrazol in radish cotyledon enlargement test that paclobutrazol counteracts gibberellin activity when applied exogenously. The radish cotyledon enlargement at low concentration without counteracting BAP action. The reduction of growth to be counteracting of gibberellin activity by paclobutrazol as well as its cytokinin well activity at lower concentration which indicate concentration of gibberellins activity as evidence by their respective bioassay in the present investigation. Paclobutrazol slightly increased radish cotyledon growth at low concentration (up to 0.01 ppm) and could not counteract the growth caused by 1.0 ppm BAP at its 0.001 to 1.0 ppm concentrations suggesting independent effect of paclobutrazol to that of BAP. Furthermore, the activity of paclobutrazol was tested in corn root curvature test and it was found that PBZ concentrations from 0.001 to 10.0 ppm linearly increased the percentage of corn roots showing more than 90° curvature. Therefore, suggession that PBZ conutracted GA3, induced growih and also as IAA and cytokinin at lower concentration0.001 to 100ppm. Keywords: Paclobutrazol; PBZ; Auxins; Gibbrellins; Bioassay; Cytokinens; Abscisic Acids; Ethylene; Paper chromatography; radish; cotyledons; hypocotyls; BAP

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Chigozirim, Uzoma-Nwachukwu, Kpekot K.A., and Wilson V. "The Effect of Seed-Soaking in Cytokinin on the Vegetative Growth of White-Seed Melon (Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin)." GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science 07, no. 05 (2024): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12665434.

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The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cytokinin (6-Benzyl-aminopurine); BAP at two concentrations on the growth of Cucumeropsis mannii and was conducted at the Screen house of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. Cucumeropsis mannii is a species of melon native to tropical West, Central and East Africa and cultivated widely in a number of countries including Nigeria, Benin republic and Cameroon primarily for its ‘leaves’ rich in nutrients and are of high medicinal value, which are consumed as vegetables in some parts of Benin republic and in some Eastern parts of Nigeria and for its white, flat and smooth seeds called ’Egusi-itoo’ which serves as food and as a source of oil. Viable seeds of Cucumeropsis mannii sterilized in 70% ethanol solution were presoaked in 50ppm and 100ppm concentrations each of BAP for four hours. Data collection was done at an interval of two weeks. The collected data; plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, internode length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content were subjected to analysis of variance and tested for significance at 5% level of significance. BAP was effective on enhancing growth as the highest mean number of leaves (11.6), mean leaf area (73.5cm2), mean internode length (5.1cm), mean fresh weight (17.0g), mean dry weight (2.6g) and mean chlorophyll content (35.7spad) was recorded with the use of 50ppm BAP while the highest mean plant height (43.3cm) was recorded in the control. The study established that improvement of vegetative growth of Cucumeropsis mannii which entails availability of healthy green leaves for consumption as vegetables, and for medicinal use, as well as the possibility of improving fruit and seed quality is achievable with the use of 50ppm BAP.

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Fauzan, Fadzlin Qistina, Arifullah Mohammed, Ahmed Mahmood Ibraheem, et al. "Plantlet regeneration of Cucumis melo L. Glamour cv. using different types of cytokinin and explants." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 12, no. 1 (2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v12i1.1367.

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Plantlets or clones’ regeneration in Cucurbitaceae species can be performed in vitro by applying the tissue culture techniques. Hypocotyls, cotyledons, leaves, cotyledonary nodes and petioles can be used as the explants or starting materials to initiate the regeneration under laboratory condition. BAP (Benzyl aminopurine) and TDZ (Thidiazuron) were among the well-known cytokinin used in tissue culture as plant hormones to regulate the plant growth in vitro. The effectiveness of BAP and TDZ was investigated in this study to determine the effect of different types of cytokinin hormone on C. melo explants since both hormones might show differences in their activity towards C. melo explants. This study found that BAP was superior at all used concentrations compared to TDZ during most of the growing stage of the explants (cotyledons and hypocotyls). Based on this finding, the experiment was repeated by using different types of explants which were nodal explants, petioles and young shoots along with cotyledons and hypocotyls, by using BAP that showed excellent plantlet regeneration. Cotyledon and nodal explants successfully regenerated plantlets with excellent height and significant number of shoots compared to the rest of the explants. The plantlets from cotyledons and nodal explants were regenerated via direct regeneration without any formation of callus. The direct shoot regeneration was the preferred method for mass production via tissue culture because the chances of somaclonal variation is low. Contrarily, the hypocotyls, petioles and shoot tips mostly developed callus and only several treatments formed very small plantlets.

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Jamilu, Danjuma Koko. "In vitro Propagation of Anther Culture of Datura (Datura stramonium. L) Using MS Media." International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IJPBS) 13, no. 3 (2023): 154–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10460721.

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AbstractDatura stramonium L. is a medicinal plant that makes tropane alkaloids and generates secondary metabolites during in-vitro culture. The study aimed at using standardizes explant (anther) surface sterilization to generate a virus free plant. A different culture of Datura stramonium was in-vitro propagated in MS basal medium with the addition of 30 g/L sucrose, 8 g/L agar, various mixtures of 2, 4, and Dichlophenoxyacetic acid (at three levels, 0, 1, and 2 mg/L), and kinetin (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L). The calli were then moved to regenerative media that contained BAP alone (at three levels, 1, 2, and 3 mg/L), or in conjunction with NAA (at four levels, 0, 0.02, 0.2, and 1 mg/L). The newly grown shoots were planted in soil with IBA at three different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/l). The best media for inducing callus from anthers as explants were discovered to contain 2 mg/L 2, 4-dihydroxyacetic acid + 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D alone. Furthermore, the best hormonal treatments for shoot regeneration from calli of anther explants were discovered to be 3mg/L BAP+ 1mg/L NAA media and 2mg/L BAP+ 1mg/L NAA media. Additionally, the best method for rooting regenerated stems was found to be 0.5 mg/L IBA. Further research on leaves for generating a virus free plant should be conducted.KeywordsDatura stramonium, Callus, Regeneration, 1-Naphthaleneacetic, 6- Benzyl aminopurine

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