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1
Šorgo, Andrej. "Connecting Biology and Mathematics: First Prepare the Teachers." CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 3 (2010): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Developing the connection between biology and mathematics is one of the most important ways to shift the paradigms of both established science disciplines. However, adding some mathematic content to biology or biology content to mathematics is not enough but must be accompanied by development of suitable pedagogical models. I propose a model of pedagogical mathematical biological content knowledge as a feasible starting point for connecting biology and mathematics in schools and universities. The process of connecting these disciplines should start as early as possible in the educational process, in order to produce prepared minds that will be able to combine both disciplines at graduate and postgraduate levels of study. Because teachers are a crucial factor in introducing innovations in education, the first step toward such a goal should be the education of prospective and practicing elementary and secondary school teachers.
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Sari, Putri Permata, and Zubaidah Amir MZ. "Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar." JURING (Journal for Research in Mathematics Learning) 4, no. 3 (2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/juring.v4i3.14024.
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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Rambah Samo, Kab. Rokan Hulu, Riau. Subjek penelitian ini adalah para ahli yang bersala dari dosen, guru dan siswa SMPN 2 Rambah Samo. Objek penelitian ini adalah LKS berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME). Jenis data yang digunakan berupa data kuntitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan uji validitas, LKS berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) dinyatakan dalam kategori sangat valid dengan tingkat kevalidan 98,45%. Berdasarkan uji kepraktisan, LKS berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) dinyatakan kategori sangat praktis dengan persentase tingkat kepraktisan 97,08%. Berdasarkan hasil posttest diperoleh nilai sebesar 4,64 dan nilai pada taraf signifikan 5% sebesar 1,73 maka > atau 4,64 > 1,73. Sehingga diterima dan ditolak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa LKS matematika berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) yang telah dikembangkan ini memiliki dampak terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar
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XIE, FEI, PHILLIP C. Y. SHEU, ARTHUR LANDER, and VITTORIO CRISTINI. "SEMANTIC ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 03 (2005): 547–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002415.
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In general biologists are not accustomed to formulating biological problems in the precise mathematical terms that are required to solve the problems analytically or numerically. Although many computational tools for systems biology have been developed recently, our observations indicate that many of these tools are powerful only in the hands of those who know a lot about how to use them. For most biologists, the tools have a protracted learning curve and unfriendly user interface that often diminish their likelihood of being used. Our long-term goal is to build a knowledge system that allows biologists to synthesize complex biological systems via natural language interactions, and the system is able to generate the corresponding mathematical descriptions so that the often cumbersome communication process between biologists and mathematicians/engineers in formulating complex biological problems in mathematic terms can be performed more easily. To focus, the first goal in this research is to build a knowledge system prototype that focuses on transport related biological problems that occur from the cellular to tissue level. We address specifically two inter-related problems: (1) Provision of an intelligent system that is capable of automatically synthesizing smaller components into more complex systems; Provision of a user-friendly and natural language interface.
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Sugiyanti, Ratih, Edi Harapan, and Endang Wahyuningrum. "PENGARUH PENDEKATAN STEAM DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS V SD." Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 8, no. 2 (2023): 5837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jp.v8i2.10171.
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This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of the STEAM approach and learning motivation on mathematic learning result for the fifth grade of Elementary School. This study uses a quasi-experimental method. The population for this study were the students in the fifth grade at Elementary School in cluster two at Parittiga District. The samples were taken by using a random sampling technique The instrument that used in this research is a matter of pretest and posttest of students' mathematic and studenst’ motivation questionnaires. The data analysis technique that used in this research was statistical analysis with two-way ANOVA technique. Based on the calculation result, the research result are as follow: (1) There are differences in mathematics learning result between students who are taught using the STEAM approach and those who are taught using the conventional approach. This is based on the two-way ANOVA statistical test which states that the significance for the STEAM approach category is 0.000, which means < 0.05. (2) There is an interaction effect between the STEAM approach and students' learning motivation on mathematics learning result. This is based on the two-way ANOVA statistical test which states that the significance for the STEAM approach category and learning motivation is 0.004 which means < 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of using the STEAM approach and learning motivation on mathematics learning outcomes in fifth grade of elementary school.
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Samiah, Umi, Annisah Kurniati, Depriwana Rahmi, and Suci Yuniati. "Validitas dan Kepraktisan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel." Juring (Journal for Research in Mathematics Learning) 6, no. 2 (2023): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/juring.v6i2.18837.
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Mengembangkan dan menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) matematika berbasis pendekatan Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel yang memenuhi kriteria valid dan praktis merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan Model Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE). Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah validator yang berasal dari dosen dan guru serta siswa SMP Negeri 22 Pekanbaru. Objek pada penelitian ini ialah LKS berbasis pendekatan RME pada materi SPLDV. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji validitas diperoleh LKS berbasis pendekatan Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) dinyatakan sangat valid dengan persentase tingkat kevalidan yaitu 93,55%. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil uji kepraktisan kelompok kecil diperoleh bahwa LKS berbasis pendekatan Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) sangat praktis dengan tingkat kepraktisan yaitu 92,425%. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKS yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria valid dan praktis.Kata kunci: lembar kerja siswa (LKS), realistic mathematic education (RME), sistem persamaan linier dua varibel
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Vorobjeva, Tatiana. "Dynamic homoeostasis: equilibrium, steady state, chaos?" Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 4, no. 1 (1996): 102–8. https://doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-1996-4-1-102-108.
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The steady state (s.s.) is а very important notion for understanding of nature and functional mechanisms оп various biclogical systems. Physiological homoeostasis is one of the notions connected with mathematic notion of the s.s. The character of organisms functional changes under variation of environmental conditions depends on the number оf s.s. and types of stability, which are programmed by the system’s structure. At complex nonlinear dynamic system as а result of the system’s nonstability the regimes known as «trigger», «oscillator» and «chaos» may arise. A set of mathematical models is analysed, which demonstrate different regimes: the biological electron and membrane transport systems, the heart rate dynamics.
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Li, Xin Yu, Bing Liu, Si Ze Li, and Shu Sen Liu. "Numerical Simulations of Biological Droplet Transport in an Indoor Environment." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.862.
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In this paper, the biological droplet transport and deposition in the turbulent airflow inside an indoor environment was studied using the Lagrangian computational method. Meanwhile, as to the mathematic simulation, the Monte Carlo modeling method was coupled into this simulation program to describe the bio-particle transport. Many influent factors such as indoor airflow velocity, the bio-aerosol generator velocity, particle diameter, and evaporation and death were considered synthetically in this paper. Serratia marcescens was used as tracer microorganism to simulate the droplet nuclei exhaled by patients, and the spatial distribution of its concentration was measured. Collected bacteria were quantified using standard cultivating assays. It showed the simulation results were comparable with the data of the experimental findings.
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Zhang, Cheng, Ning Wang, Yu Xu, Hor‐Yue Tan, and Yibin Feng. "Identification of Key Contributive Compounds in a Herbal Medicine: A Novel Mathematic—Biological Evaluation Approach." Advanced Theory and Simulations 4, no. 6 (2021): 2000279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adts.202000279.
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Zhu, Ping, Pohua Lv, Weiming Zou, et al. "Principle and Application for Rumination Computing Algorithms." Applied and Computational Mathematics 13, no. 5 (2024): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20241305.18.
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To fully analyze, mine, and utilize the information and knowledge implied in problem resolving use cases, this paper proposed the autonomous learning method based on machine inducting, hypothesis formulating, and result verifying, which was similar to the biological process of cows ruminating, called rumination computing. Firstly, after inducting and summarizing over 1080 mathematic application problem, the system architecture and general algorithm for humanoid automatic resolving mathematic application problems were represented, which typically included functional modules such as commonsense knowledge base, domain knowledge base, and local knowledge base, preprocessing, word segmentation and part of speech tagging, semantic framework matching, global semantic analyzing, thinking mechanism implementing, etc. Secondly, after the use case solutions were approved, three typical rumination computing modes, including vocabulary sequence, semantic relationship, and computing action, were introduced based on the correct results, resolving steps, and basic rumination actions. The rumination computing step plan was formulated, new knowledge was obtained from the commonsense and results verification, so the continuous autonomous learning loop for machine thinking was formed. Detailed explanations were provided for the three core algorithms implemented (rumination framework algorithm, rumination semantic algorithm, rumination action algorithm). Then, by specific mathematic application problem humanoid resolving user cases, the above three types of rumination computing modes were illumined.
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Wahyuni, Hanny Indrat, Retno Iswarin Pujaningsih, and Padwi Anwar Sayekti. "Kajian Nilai Energi Metabolis Biji Sorghum Melalui Teknologi Sangrai Pada Ayam Petelur Periode Afkir." Jurnal Agripet 8, no. 1 (2008): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v8i1.605.
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Evaluation of metabolic energy value of roasted sorghum in culled laying chickens ABSTRACT. Tannin contained in sorghum can be reduced by using technology processing such as roasting. By using this way, husk of sorghum can be removed leading to decrease of tannin content which is reflected by the value of metabolism energy. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of roasted sorghum on metabolism energy of culled laying chickens. Measurement of metabolic energy as mathematic is used as comparison. The material used in his experiment was red sorghum, water, and 39 culled laying chickens. Equipment used in this experiment was balance, roasting tool, plastic, force feeding equipment, metabolism cages and bomb calori-meter. This experiment used completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications (each replication 3 chickens). Treatment consisted of T0 = no roasted sorghum, T1 = roasted for 5 minutes and T2 = roasted for 10 minutes. Data collected were metabolism energy of roasted sorghum both biologically (force feeding) and mathematically (proximate analysis) at culled laying chickens. All data were statistically calculated, further statistically was conducted by using Duncan and compression of metabolism energy was calculated by using t-Test. The results show that, no statistically effect (p0, 05) on duration of roasting on metabolism energy of sorghum. Based on t-Test analysis, there was a significantly difference (p0, 05) between biological metabolism and mathematical metabolism. From this experiment, it can be concluded that 10 minutes of roasting cannot increase of sorghum metabolic energy. The average of biological metabolic was lower (3105, 94 kcal/kg) compared to the average of mathematical metabolic energy (3766, 82 kcal/kg).
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Yu, Zhong Hai, Tian Chen, Di Shi Liu, and Jing Wang. "Study on the Optimized Cutting Parameters for the Nuclear Channel Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3534.
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As one of the key components of the nuclear power equipments, the nuclear channel head has a complicated shape and is difficult to be machined. In this paper, the optimal combination of cutting parameters of large-scale nuclear channel head is researched. Considering the machining requirements and machining conditions, the cutting parameters optimized mathematical model is established to achieve the goal of maximum production efficiency. Meanwhile, the target functions and the corresponding constraint functions are analyzed. Finally, by using genetic algorithm of simulating biological evolution, the mathematic models of cutting parameters of CNC machining are compared and optimized. Then the optimized results are compared with the cutting parameters obtained through the trial-producing experience and manual of a small-size channel head. We conclude that the optimized cutting parameters can greatly increase the CNC machining efficiency of Nuclear Channel Head.
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Hayya, Adieba Warda. "The Creative Thinking Skill of Biological Learning Students at Candi Baru High School." Journal Of Biology Education 4, no. 2 (2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jobe.v4i2.10187.
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<p class="Default">The aim of this study was to describe the skill of students to think creatively about Biology at Candi Baru high school (HS). The study used a qualitative approach using a case study method. The population in this study was students of Candi Baru HS from the academic year 2016/2017. This research uses randomized cluster sampling. Samples were XI Mathematic and Science (MIA) 6, 7, and 8 classes. Data collected by observation and document collection, using a human instrument, an observation sheet and a categorization sheet. Data research included the quality of the student's; answers, works, and responses during the learning process. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by comparing the results of the research with information derived from literature or theory. The results showed that students' level of creative thinking skill is still low and the assessment provided by the teacher has not reached the students' creative thinking skill.</p>
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Liang, Xin Li, Dan Lv, Juan Luo, Xue Jing Guan, and Zheng Gen Liao. "Application Research of Lipid Microsphere Biological Carrier Material on Prescription of Tanshinone II a Lipid Microsphere by Central Composite Design-Response Surface Method." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.834.
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To optimize the prescription of tanshinone IIA lipid microspheres by central composite design method, and evaluate the quality. Through evaluating average particle size, stability constant and the encapsulation efficiency of the lipid microsphere to investigate the concentration of the egg yolk lecithin and the poloxamer and the percentage of Soybean oil in the total oil phase which may impact the properties of tanshinone IIA lipid microsphere. Building the mathematic relation between the index and factor by the binomial expression, according to the best mathematical model of the evaluation indicators to describe response surface and then to use response surface method to predict the best prescription which will be analysed. According to the prescription optimization to prepare tanshinone IIA lipid microsphere and evaluate its quality. The results showed that each index of the binomial equation fitting is good, the correlation coefficient of the average particle size, stability constant and the encapsulation efficiency are 0.97, 0.92 and 0.84 respectively. The optimized prescription is as follows: egg yolk lecithin1.38 g, F68 0.19 g, LCT 2 g, MCT 18 g, all the indexes of the optimized prescription are similar to the target values.
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Filipchuk, O. V., and O. M. Gurov. "PECULIARITIES OF APPLYING BALLISTIC GEL AS A SIMULATOR OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 15 (November 30, 2016): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2015.46.
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The study of a mechanism of gunshot wound formation is the main task of wound ballistics. The damaging effect of the wounding projectile (the regularities in the formation of a temporary pulsating cavity) can be studied the most effectively as part of an experiment on simulators whose physical properties (density, elasticity, the capacity to absorb energy) resemble the tissues of a living human. The article presents modern capacities of applying ballistic gel as the most representative biological simulator of a living human s tissues. The article suggests priority methods ofmaking blocks of gel, the conditions of conducting the experiment and mathematic processing of data from the perspective wounding ballistics. Due to the elastic properties of gel, the temporary pulsating cavity that emerges in the course of the wounding projectile in the same way as the living tissues collapse with the permanent wound tract. In order to evaluate the volume of the damaging effect of the wounding projectile there are used standard calculation methods: the fissure surface area (FSA), wound profile method (WPM), the total crack length method (TCL).
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ZHU, Y. J., F. XU, J. H. SU, H. ZHOU, and T. J. LU. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE PREDICTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TOOTH THERMAL PAIN: A REVIEW." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 11, no. 04 (2011): 735–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519411004095.
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Tooth pain, especially tooth thermal pain, is one of the most important symptoms and signs in dental clinic and daily life. As a special sensation, pain has been studied extensively in both clinic and experimental research aimed at reducing or eliminating the possible negative effects of pain. Unfortunately, the full underlying mechanism of pain is still unclear, because the pain could be influenced by many factors, including physiological, psychological, physical, chemical, and biological factors and so on. Besides, most studies on pain mechanisms in the literature are based on skin pain sensation and only few are based on tooth pain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on both neurophysiology of tooth pain mechanism, and corresponding thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical behaviors of teeth. We also describe a multiscale modeling approach for quantifying tooth thermal pain by integrating the mathematic methods of engineering into the neuroscience. The mathematical model of tooth thermal pain will enable better understanding of thermal pain mechanism and optimization of existing diagnosis and treatment in dental clinic.
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Tsymbaliuk, V., I. Lurin, K. Gumeniuk, et al. "Modeling of wound ballistics in biological tissues simulators." Medicni perspektivi 28, no. 1 (2023): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2023.1.275866.
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Modern weapons cause severe damage, accompanied by high rates of complications and mortality. The investigation of such kinds of weapons is in high demand considering the ongoing active phase of russia's war against Ukraine since February 2022. In order to understand the pathological processes that occur in and outside the gunshot wound, we conducted an experimental study using mathematical simulation. The results presented in the article will help to choose the appropriate surgical management and improve the results of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the damaging effect of a 5.45 mm 7N6M bullet and a 5.45 mm V-max expansive bullet using numerical modeling of wound canals in ballistic plasticine. The Ansys Explicit Dynamics engineering complex was used to simulate the dynamics of the bullet’s motion. The basic equations, solved by the explicit dynamic analysis, express the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in Lagrange coordinates. Together with the material model and the set of initial and boundary conditions, they determine the complete solution to the problem. Taking into account that the initial velocity of the bullet is 1185 m/s at a mass of 3.9 g, we obtain energy 2740 J. All this energy acts at the area of the wound canal with a depth of 150 mm. Injury with a conventional 7N6M bullet is characterized by the fact that it passes through the block and loses only part of the kinetic energy. The simulation results showed that the velocity of the bullet at the outlet is 220 m/s. Taking into account the initial velocity of the bullet 918 m/s with a mass of 3.4 g, we obtain the kinetic energy acting on the walls of the wound canal with a depth of 200 mm of about 830 J. Mathematic analyses showed that the expansive bullet has a soft core that deforms and transfers all the kinetic energy to the tissues immediately after penetration into the tissues. The loss of kinetic energy of the bullet (ΔE, J) is defined as the difference between the kinetic energy at the time of injury (Ec, J) and the residual energy of the bullet when leaving the material (Er, J). Numerical modeling of wound ballistics in biological tissue simulators allows us to determine with high accuracy the features of wound canal formation and tissue response to damage of bullets having different kinetic energy, which contributes to the choice of adequate surgical management during surgery for gunshot wounds.
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Tsymbaliuk, V., I. Lurin, K. Gumeniuk, et al. "Modeling of wound ballistics in biological tissues simulators." Medicni perspektivi 28, no. 1 (2023): 37–48. https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2023.1.275866.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Modern weapons cause severe damage, accompanied by high rates of complications and mortality. The investigation of such kinds of weapons is in high demand considering the ongoing active phase war against Ukraine since February 2022. In order to understand the pathological processes that occur in and outside the gunshot wound, we conducted an experimental study using mathematical simulation. The results presented in the article will help to choose the appropriate surgical management and improve the results of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the damaging effect of a 5.45 mm 7N6M bullet and a 5.45 mm V-max expansive bullet using numerical modeling of wound canals in ballistic plasticine. The Ansys Explicit Dynamics engineering complex was used to simulate the dynamics of the bullet’s motion. The basic equations, solved by the explicit dynamic analysis, express the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in Lagrange coordinates. Together with the material model and the set of initial and boundary conditions, they determine the complete solution to the problem. Taking into account that the initial velocity of the bullet is 1185 m/s at a mass of 3.9 g, we obtain energy 2740 J. All this energy acts at the area of the wound canal with a depth of 150 mm. Injury with a conventional 7N6M bullet is characterized by the fact that it passes through the block and loses only part of the kinetic energy. The simulation results showed that the velocity of the bullet at the outlet is 220 m/s. Taking into account the initial velocity of the bullet 918 m/s with a mass of 3.4 g, we obtain the kinetic energy acting on the walls of the wound canal with a depth of 200 mm of about 830 J. Mathematic analyses showed that the expansive bullet has a soft core that deforms and transfers all the kinetic energy to the tissues immediately after penetration into the tissues. The loss of kinetic energy of the bullet (ΔE, J) is defined as the difference between the kinetic energy at the time of injury (Ec, J) and the residual energy of the bullet when leaving the material (Er, J). Numerical modeling of wound ballistics in biological tissue simulators allows us to determine with high accuracy the features of wound canal formation and tissue response to damage of bullets having different kinetic energy, which contributes to the choice of adequate surgical management during surgery for gunshot wounds.
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Kumbár, Vojtěch, and Adam Polcar. "Flow behavior of petrol, bio-ethanol and their blends." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 6 (2012): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260060211.
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The objective of this article deals with the flow behavior of bio-ethanol, conventional petrol and their blends (E15, E85). The temperature dependence density and kinematic viscosity of the liquids have been measured. The densitometer Densito 30PX with the scale for measuring fuels has been used to the measuring temperature dependence of the density of fuels and their blends. The rotary viscometer Anton Paar DV-3P has been used to the measuring temperature dependence of kinematic viscosity of fuels and their blends. For all samples has determined that the temperature has increased the density and kinematic viscosity of fuels and their blends has decreased. The range of temperature measurement has been from −10°C to 40°C. The mathematic models have been compiled (polynomial and exponential) according to the general shapes. The coefficients of determination R2 have achieved high values from 0.98 to 0.99 for temperature dependence of density of fuels and their blends and from 0.86 to 0.96 for temperature dependence of kinematic viscosity of fuels and their blends. The mathematical models could be used to the prediction flow behavior of petrol, bio-ethanol and their blends.
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Flores, Mario, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Yu-Chiao Chiu, Eric Y. Chuang, Yufei Huang, and Yidong Chen. "Gene Regulation, Modulation, and Their Applications in Gene Expression Data Analysis." Advances in Bioinformatics 2013 (March 13, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/360678.
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Common microarray and next-generation sequencing data analysis concentrate on tumor subtype classification, marker detection, and transcriptional regulation discovery during biological processes by exploring the correlated gene expression patterns and their shared functions. Genetic regulatory network (GRN) based approaches have been employed in many large studies in order to scrutinize for dysregulation and potential treatment controls. In addition to gene regulation and network construction, the concept of the network modulator that has significant systemic impact has been proposed, and detection algorithms have been developed in past years. Here we provide a unified mathematic description of these methods, followed with a brief survey of these modulator identification algorithms. As an early attempt to extend the concept to new RNA regulation mechanism, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), into a modulator framework, we provide two applications to illustrate the network construction, modulation effect, and the preliminary finding from these networks. Those methods we surveyed and developed are used to dissect the regulated network under different modulators. Not limit to these, the concept of “modulation” can adapt to various biological mechanisms to discover the novel gene regulation mechanisms.
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Yuliani, Dewi, Lies Andriani, and Irma Fitri. "Pengaruh Penerapan Pendekatan RME (Realistic Mathematic Education) Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Berdasarkan Self Efficacy Siswa SMPN 18 Pekanbaru." JURING (Journal for Research in Mathematics Learning) 3, no. 2 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/juring.v3i2.9386.
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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya fakta di lapangan yang menunjukkan masih rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang terdapat pada siswa SMPN18 Pekanbaru. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan pendekatan RME dengan siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inquiry, mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis pada siswa yang memiliki self efficacy tinggi, sedang dan rendah, serta melihat ada tidaknya interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran dengan self efficacy siswa terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain penelitian factorial experimental design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas VIII.2 dan VIII.3 dengan menggunakan cluster random. Teknik pengumpulan data beserta instrumen penelitian adalah tes berupa soal posttest kemampuan komunikasi matematis, angket berupa lembar angket self efficacy, observasi berupa lembar observasi dan dokumentasi berupa foto dan profil sekolah. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah anova dua arah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa: 1) Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan RME dengan siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inquiry. 2) Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis pada siswa yang memiliki self efficacy tinggi, sedang dan rendah. 3) Tidak terdapat interaksi antara penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran dengan self efficacy terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa.
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Shishkina, L., A. Dubobik, M. Kozlov, A. Povkh, and V. Shvydkiy. "MODEL SYSTEMS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF THE WATER MEDIUM COMPONENTS ON THE BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS." Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty 7, no. 1 (2022): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0499.
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Following four model systems on the base on the natural lipids to estimate the action of the water medium components on the biological objects were presented by using the earlier obtained data about the similarity functioning of the physicochemical regulatory system of the oxidation processes in the biological objects of varying complexity and the ability of phospholipids to the self-aggregation in the polar medium: the low temperature autoxidation of lecithin in the polar medium, the mathematic analysis of UV-spectra of lecithin and its mixtures with the water medium components by Gauss method, the self-aggregation of lecithin in the different polar medium, the ξ-potential value of the formed particles. As the model toxicants sodium thiophosphate and copper(II) ions were used. Scale of the sodium thiophosphate influence on the lecithin oxidation kinetics is shown to depend on the initial intensity of the lecithin oxidation and composition of its phospholipids. It is agree with the earlier obtained data about the influence of the chemical toxic agents under their intake into the body on the lipid peroxidation state in tissues of animals. In is established that the copper ions participate in the initiation of lecithin oxidation and form complex with its phospholipids. This influences on the ability of lecithin to the self-aggregation and electrophoretic properties of formed particles. Thus, the lipid component lability of the natural lipids allows us to reveal the action of components of the natural medium on the biological systems of various complexity even on the level of the complex biological model systems.
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Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro, Simone Aparecida Capellini, and Sylvia Maria Ciasca. "Comparative study of the neuropsychological and neuroimaging evaluations in children with dyslexia." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 64, no. 2b (2006): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2006000300004.
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We analyzed retrospectively the neuroimaging exams of children with a confirmed diagnosis of dyslexia and correlated our findings with the evaluation of higher cortical functions. We studied 34 medical files of patients of the Ambulatory of Neuro-difficulties in Learning, FCM/UNICAMP. All of them had been sent to the ambulatory with primary or secondary complaints of difficulties at school and were submitted to neuropsychological evaluation and imaging exam (SPECT). From the children evaluated 58.8% had exams presenting dysfunction with 47% presenting hypoperfusion in the temporal lobe. As for the higher cortical functions, the most affected abilities were reading, writing and memory. There was significance between the hypoperfused areas and the variables schooling, reading, writing, memory and mathematic reasoning. The SPECTs showed hypoperfusion in areas involved in the reading and writing processes. Both are equivalent in terms of involved functional areas and are similar in children with or without specific dysfunctions in neuroimaging.
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Steel, Mike. "The Penny Ante: Mathematical biology or biological mathematics?" New Zealand Science Review 66, no. 1 (2024): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzsr.v66.9435.
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Hhyhorieva, O. M., S. B. Dimova, and T. M. Almaieva. "THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SOYBEAN GROWING ON HEAVY LOAMY CHORNOZEM ON THE RIGHT-BANK STEPPE OF UKRAINE." Agriciltural microbiology 29 (October 17, 2019): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.29.46-55.
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Objective. To study the efficacy of pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds with biological preparations in different preparative forms with and without pre-treatment of seeds under different systems of protection against weeds. Methods. Field, laboratory, biochemical, mathematic-statistical and economic. Results. In the stationary field experiment, the influence of different forms of biological preparations on the soybean growth under the conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. It has been established that in the seed pre-treatment, Maxim XL, which determines the increase in soybean productivity compared to the preparation Scarlet is preferred, and among the inoculants, it is preferred to choose Ryzobofit both in liquid and in the peat form. It has been proved that the post-emergent herbicides contribute to the decrease of weeds in soybean culture, which results in better conditions for the growth and development of plants, an increase in the number of nodules on the roots, and increased grain yield. The use of biological preparations contributed to an increase in not only the number of nodules on soybean plant roots, but also their mass compared to control without inoculation (7.8–76.9 or 26.7–109.7 %, respectively). Under the resource-saving system of crops protection from weeds in soybeans, higher rates were obtained in variants where treater Scarlet was used for pre-sowing treatment, and under the intense one — Maxim XL. The use of biological preparations in technology has made it possible to significantly increase yields by 0.2–0.3 t/ha (or 9.2–13.8 %) under both systems of crop protection from weeds. Conclusion. On heavy loamy chornozem on the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine, pre-sowing inocula-tion of soybean by biological preparations is a mandatory agrotechnical measure, which, in combi-nation with seed pre-treatment, allows a significant increase in yields and contributes to improving the quality of the grain when cultivating the crop using both studied systems for protection of crops from weeds.
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Liao, Liping, Xianguang Lin, Jielin Hu, et al. "Simulation and calculation of the contribution of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels to action potentials." Archives of Biological Sciences 68, no. 1 (2016): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150416144l.
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The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel, which mediates the influx of cations, has an important role in action potential generation. In this article, we describe the contribution of the HCN channel to action potential generation. We simulated several common ion channels in neuron membranes based on data from rat dorsal root ganglion cells and modeled the action potential. The ion channel models employed in this paper were based on the Markov model. After modifying and calibrating these models, we compared the simulated action potential curves under the presence and absence of an HCN channel and calculated that the proportional contribution of the HCN channel in the potential recovery phase was 33.39%. This result indicates that the HCN channel is critical in assisting membrane potential recovery from a hyperpolarized state to a resting state. Furthermore, we showed how the HCN channel modifies the firing of the action potential using mathematic modeling. Our results indicated that although the loss of the HCN channel made recovery of the membrane potential more difficult from the most negative point to resting in comparison with the control, the firing rate of the action potential increased in certain circumstances. We present a novel explanation for the HCN channels? mechanism in neuron action potential generation using mathematical models.
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Jaekel, Julia, Nicole Baumann, Peter Bartmann, and Dieter Wolke. "General cognitive but not mathematic abilities predict very preterm and healthy term born adults’ wealth." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (2019): e0212789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212789.
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Xu, X. M., N. Salama, P. Jeffries, and M. J. Jeger. "Numerical Studies of Biocontrol Efficacies of Foliar Plant Pathogens in Relation to the Characteristics of a Biocontrol Agent." Phytopathology® 100, no. 8 (2010): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-8-0814.
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A previously published generic mathematic model has been used in a numerical study to understand the dynamics of foliar pathogens in relation to mechanisms, and timing and coverage of biocontrol agent (BCA) applications. With the model parameter values used, it was demonstrated that a BCA possessing either competition or induced resistance as the main mechanism of biological control was more effective in reducing disease development than a BCA with either mycoparasitism or antibiosis as its mechanism. Application coverage, ranging from 50 to 90%, had little effect on biocontrol efficacy, particularly for a BCA with competition and induced resistance as the main mechanism of biocontrol. Conversely, delayed application of BCA had more profound effects on biocontrol efficacy for those with competition or induced resistance as their main mechanism than those with mycoparasitism and antibiosis. Biocontrol efficacy was greatest for a single BCA combining competition with mycoparasitism or antibiosis. The efficacy for a single BCA combining induced resistance with competition critically depended on application time; the efficacy was greatly reduced for delayed applications. The present study suggests that development of an effective strategy for BCA application is critically dependent upon our quantitative understanding of several key biocontrol processes and their interactions. Without reliable quantitative estimation of these processes, it is impossible to make quantitative predictions about biological control and hence to optimize BCA application strategies.
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Kvíčalová, Jolana, and Jan Široký. "Quantification of factors influencing the difference in household income in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 4 (2013): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040995.
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Income inequalities, resulting from different income of economic entities and the level of redistribution (especially the amount and structure of taxes on one hand and transfer payments on the other) and peculiarities of the market economy, have been increasing.Within the context of the economic crisis, the pressure (proved by election results in many countries) to alleviate such differences, or at least to stop their deepening has been strengthening. The analysis of the increased income differentiation gets into attention of the theory of public finance.The paper theoretically deals with the ways of measuring such inequalities and then it focuses on the factors that may be regarded as significant for increasing income differences in particular conditions of the Czech Republic within the years 2006–2011 for the selected types of households. Based on the preliminary description, deduction and induction, the research objective was to determine, using the mathematic and statistical methods, the relevancy and -where appropriate- the level of dependence of the analyzed effects on particular elements of household income.
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Prykhodchenko, Anatolij, Yulia Ulianovskа, and Vladislav Ulianoskiy. "USE OF METHODS OF MATHEMATIC STATISTICS FOR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL DATA FOR REVELATION OF THE ROLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN ETHIOPATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN DISEASES." EUREKA: Health Sciences 4 (July 29, 2016): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00132.
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Aim of paper was to appraise the possibility of use of the traditional mathematical statistics methods for biomedical data to processing for determining the role of aluminium, chrome, niobium and lead in functioning of human blood-forming system. An effect of the abovementioned microelements on immunocompetent and blast cells was examined. Methods. To solve the indicated purposes, it were examined the venous blood leukoconcentrate in 48 of the examined persons. The standard methods of statistics were applied to the obtained data, namely the construction of spreading plot, elements of correlation and regression analysis. Results. It was obtained, that the reaction of immunocompetent and blast cells is ambivalent and depends upon the level of micronutrient status in human organism. Micronutrient biogenic effect is observed upon its low concentration in blood. An abiogenic effect arises upon the high level of micronutrient status in biological media of human. Conclusions. Notwithstanding the obtained results, the generally accepted approaches haven’t provided the possibility to determine the faithful character of immunocompetent and blast cells reaction on the level of micronutrient status in human organism and require the elaboration and development of the new approaches considering the revealed nonlinear relation.
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Kllogjeri, Adrian, and Pellumb Kllogjeri. "Mathematical endeavours to explain biological phenomena." MOJ Biology and Medicine 9, no. 3 (2024): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2024.09.00223.
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The use of mathematical methods and models is continually increasing in many areas of contemporary biological research: in genomics, molecular modelling, structural biology, neurobiology, biology of systems and so on. In this paper we discuss the importance of Mathematics, mathematical modelling and dynamic visualization, with the aid of technology, in the field of Biology and Medicine. We emphasize that the language of Mathematics and the graphical display is remarkably powerful and flexible, and the modes of understanding and thinking about phenomena can yield deep insight into it that pervades the modern life.
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Garte, Seymour, Perry Marshall, and Stuart Kauffman. "The Reasonable Ineffectiveness of Mathematics in the Biological Sciences." Entropy 27, no. 3 (2025): 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27030280.
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The known laws of nature in the physical sciences are well expressed in the language of mathematics, a fact that caused Eugene Wigner to wonder at the “unreasonable effectiveness” of mathematical concepts to explain physical phenomena. The biological sciences, in contrast, have resisted the formulation of precise mathematical laws that model the complexity of the living world. The limits of mathematics in biology are discussed as stemming from the impossibility of constructing a deterministic “Laplacian” model and the failure of set theory to capture the creative nature of evolutionary processes in the biosphere. Indeed, biology transcends the limits of computation. This leads to a necessity of finding new formalisms to describe biological reality, with or without strictly mathematical approaches. In the former case, mathematical expressions that do not demand numerical equivalence (equations) provide useful information without exact predictions. Examples of approximations without equal signs are given. The ineffectiveness of mathematics in biology is an invitation to expand the limits of science and to see that the creativity of nature transcends mathematical formalism.
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Putera, Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah, Yeni Aryati Mulyani, Stanislav Lhota, Riki Herliansyah, and Sodikin Sodikin. "Waterbird Foraging Habitat Selection in Balikpapan Bay: Water Depth and Patch Area as Important Factors." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 4 (2021): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.4.312-324.
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Balikpapan Bay is one of the wetlands providing potential foraging habitat for waterbirds in Indonesia. Potential habitat loss due to oil industry expansion, recent waterbird occurrence, and co-occurrence of two closely related species with similar foraging characteristics led to habitat selection. Habitat selection could be affected by food as an intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor, for example, accessibility to the physical and biological components of the habitat. This study aimed to measure the foraging habitat selection, identify significant habitat quality parameters for the habitat selection and predict the foraging habitat selection model. We used one-zero sampling for collecting foraging habitat selection data, corer sampling for prey data, and collecting the abiotic environment, and Generalized Linear Modelling (GLM) to build the model. We identified four species as the migrant Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Great Egret (Ardea alba), Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea), and Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus). All species, except Purple Heron, selected foraging habitats. A simple mathematic model of foraging habitat selection was significantly affected by two factors: water depth and patch area. A large patch area may provide primary prey abundance for waterbirds, while a low water depth level may give easy access to the prey.
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Lu, Ying, Haishan Tang, Feng Chen, et al. "Extraction and Biological Activity of Lignanoids from Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson Residual Waste Biomass Using Deep Eutectic Solvents." Molecules 29, no. 10 (2024): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102352.
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Lignanoids are an active ingredient exerting powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of many diseases. In order to improve the efficiency of the resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine waste, Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson residue (MOR) waste biomass was used as raw material in this study, and a series of deep eutectic solvents (ChUre, ChAce, ChPro, ChCit, ChOxa, ChMal, ChLac, ChLev, ChGly and ChEG) were selected to evaluate the extraction efficiency of lignanoids from MORs. The results showed that the best conditions for lignanoid extraction were a liquid–solid ratio of 40.50 mL/g, an HBD-HBA ratio of 2.06, a water percentage of 29.3%, an extract temperature of 337.65 K, and a time of 107 min. Under these conditions, the maximum lignanoid amount was 39.18 mg/g. In addition, the kinetics of the extraction process were investigated by mathematic modeling. In our antioxidant activity study, high antioxidant activity of the lignanoid extract was shown in scavenging four different types of free radicals (DPPH, ·OH, ABTS, and superoxide anions). At a concentration of 3 mg/mL, the total antioxidant capacity of the lignanoid extract was 1.795 U/mL, which was equal to 0.12 mg/mL of Vc solution. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity study found that the lignanoid extract exhibited good antibacterial effects against six tested pathogens. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus exerted the strongest antibacterial activity. Eventually, the correlation of the lignanoid extract with the biological activity and physicochemical properties of DESs is described using a heatmap, along with the evaluation of the in vitro hypoglycemic, in vitro hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activity of the lignanoid extract. These findings can provide a theoretical foundation for the extraction of high-value components from waste biomass by deep eutectic solvents, as well as highlighting its specific significance in natural product development and utilization.
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Nur Vira Natasya, Nutria Permadani, Ikmawati Ikmawati, and Kurniawan Kurniawan. "Pendekatan Matematika yang Digunakan pada Biologi." Populer: Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa 3, no. 4 (2024): 73–84. https://doi.org/10.58192/populer.v3i4.2696.
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Despite their apparent differences, mathematics and biology are increasingly being used in tandem to model and analyze a wide range of biological processes. This article addresses the use of multiple methods, including population modeling, differential equations, mathematical genetics, and epidemiology, to the study of biology, a field known as biomathematics. Genetic dynamics and the behavior of biological systems, such as population expansion and disease transmission, are understood through mathematical modeling. SIR and SEIR models are used in epidemiology to describe how infectious diseases spread throughout a population. This journal emphasizes the value of mathematical approaches in comprehending intricate biological systems and the necessity of interdisciplinary research between mathematics and biology to address both theoretical and practical issues through a review of the literature. The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between mathematics and biology and the application of mathematical models in the analysis of biological phenomena. This article uses a literature study writing method by recording research problems, analyzing, and collaborating different thoughts.
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Bouallag, Ouardia, Sabrina Zeghichi-Hamri, Mostapha Bachir-Bey, et al. "Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from Bellis perennis flowers and assessment for antioxidant properties." Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati. Fascicle VI - Food Technology 46, no. 1 (2022): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/foodtechnology.2022.1.10.
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Bellis perennis is an interesting daisy not for its ornamental usage but also for its bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, and related biological effects that explain traditional application for many disorders. The objective of this study was the optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from B. perennis flower with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using response surface methodology (RSM) and assessing optimal extract for bioactive contents and in vitro biological properties. The optimization of phenolic extraction was performed by studying four parameters (solvent concentration, time, microwave power, and solvent to solid ratio). Furthermore, the optimal extract was analyzed for flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory activity, and FTIR analysis. Data fitting to the secondary polynomial model revealed that optimal conditions allowing the best phenolic extraction regarding solvent concentration, time, microwave power, and solvent to solid ratio were 56%, 83s, 200 W, and 68 mL/g, respectively. The phenolic yield obtained using this optimal combination was 135.67 mg GAE/g dw. The obtained optimal extract demonstrated an interesting flavonoids content (27.68 mg EQ/g dw) and expressed a good antioxidant activity measured with DPPH free radical scavenging activity (46.4mg GAE/g dw), ABTS free radical scavenging activity (59.6mg TE/g dw), reducing power (288.0mg GAE/g dw), iron chelating activity (32.7mg EDTAE/g dw), and anti-inflammatory activity (7.9mg IbuE/g dw). FTIR analysis revealed the presence of characteristic functional groups of phenolic compounds in the studied extract. This investigation allowed the development of a validated mathematic model for phenolic compounds extraction from B. perennis flower using MAE and optimal extract expressed good bioactive contents with the best antioxidant properties.
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Basovníková, Marcela, Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, and Jan Vavřina. "Economic performance of Czech business entities in the context of CSRs’ implementation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 1985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361071985.
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The term responsible entrepreneurship refers to economic success of a business by the inclusion of social and environmental considerations into a company’s operational processes. It satisfies customers’ demands, whilst also managing the expectations of employees, suppliers and the surrounding community. In general, the term Social Corporate Responsibility means a positive contribution to society including management of enterprise’s environmental impacts. The major determinants of the CSR values can be explored such as economic, cultural and leadership factors. Corporate Social Responsibility has been receiving increased attention also from bodies which give certification to companies with CSR in practice. There are different certificates which companies can apply for, if being „responsible“, such as SA 8000, GRI, AA1000, IiP or ISO26000. The aim of this paper is to introduce various certificates, namely SA 8000 and look in details on economic data of 9 companies, chosen from 25 in the Czech Republic, which received this label.Both traditional and modern indicators for assessment of business entities’ economic performance within the entity sample are employed as the inclusion of the economic factors on the CSR. Indices of credibility in order to evaluate the financial status of sample entities are utilised as well. The mentioned economic analysis is managed both in the period before the implementation of the certified CSR system and in the ex-post period. The results of economic analysis in the period before receiving the SA8000 certificate are evaluated using the mathematic-statistical methods to reveal development trend regarding their economic performance and to conduct comparison to respective industrial means.
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Tsikas, Dimitrios. "Mass Spectrometry-Based Evaluation of the Bland–Altman Approach: Review, Discussion, and Proposal." Molecules 28, no. 13 (2023): 4905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134905.
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Reliable quantification in biological systems of endogenous low- and high-molecular substances, drugs and their metabolites, is of particular importance in diagnosis and therapy, and in basic and clinical research. The analytical characteristics of analytical approaches have many differences, including in core features such as accuracy, precision, specificity, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ). Several different mathematic approaches were developed and used for the comparison of two analytical methods applied to the same chemical compound in the same biological sample. Generally, comparisons of results obtained by two analytical methods yields different quantitative results. Yet, which mathematical approach gives the most reliable results? Which mathematical approach is best suited to demonstrate agreement between the methods, or the superiority of an analytical method A over analytical method B? The simplest and most frequently used method of comparison is the linear regression analysis of data observed by method A (y) and the data observed by method B (x): y = α + βx. In 1986, Bland and Altman indicated that linear regression analysis, notably the use of the correlation coefficient, is inappropriate for method-comparison. Instead, Bland and Altman have suggested an alternative approach, which is generally known as the Bland–Altman approach. Originally, this method of comparison was applied in medicine, for instance, to measure blood pressure by two devices. The Bland–Altman approach was rapidly adapted in analytical chemistry and in clinical chemistry. To date, the approach suggested by Bland–Altman approach is one of the most widely used mathematical approaches for method-comparison. With about 37,000 citations, the original paper published in the journal The Lancet in 1986 is among the most frequently cited scientific papers in this area to date. Nevertheless, the Bland–Altman approach has not been really set on a quantitative basis. No criteria have been proposed thus far, in which the Bland–Altman approach can form the basis on which analytical agreement or the better analytical method can be demonstrated. In this article, the Bland–Altman approach is re-valuated from a quantitative bioanalytical perspective, and an attempt is made to propose acceptance criteria. For this purpose, different analytical methods were compared with Gold Standard analytical methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), i.e., GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Other chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods were also considered. The results for several different endogenous substances, including nitrate, anandamide, homoarginine, creatinine and malondialdehyde in human plasma, serum and urine are discussed. In addition to the Bland–Altman approach, linear regression analysis and the Oldham–Eksborg method-comparison approaches were used and compared. Special emphasis was given to the relation of difference and mean in the Bland–Altman approach. Currently available guidelines for method validation were also considered. Acceptance criteria for method agreement were proposed, including the slope and correlation coefficient in linear regression, and the coefficient of variation for the percentage difference in the Bland–Altman and Oldham–Eksborg approaches.
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B. Khyade, Vitthalrao, and Hanumant V. Wanve. "Review on Use of Mathematics for Progression of Biological Sciences." International Academic Journal of Innovative Research 05, no. 01 (2018): 301–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajir/v5i1/1810004.
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Veselý, T. "Method of export strategy formulation for manufacturing or trading company." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 4 (2012): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5088-agricecon.
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The objective of the paper is to present one method that solves the problem of election of a suitable export strategy using method of multi criteria evaluation. The initial hypothesis assumes limited financial and personal resources of a company generating necessity of incremental penetration to export markets with dependence on budget and expected results. The method also assumes individual choice of a single export strategy for each market. Number of formulated export strategies equals to the number of penetrated markets. The process of formulation of a new strategy consists of two steps. In the first step, an export market is chosen and in the second step, one of the export strategies is attached to the export market. The company management according to the company orientation and the management experience creates criteria for market selection. The method is supported with software that leads the company management through the entire process of export strategy formulation. The final order of suitable export strategies for the chosen market allows management to elect the best ranked variant or discuss about the order of export strategies and justify the diversion from strict mathematic evaluation of entered data.
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Kaur, Jaspreet. "Inclusion of mathematics in biological concepts at the senior secondary level in Indian education system." Assimilation: Indonesian Journal of Biology Education 6, no. 2 (2023): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/aijbe.v6i2.62077.
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The students who study biology often develop fear from mathematical concepts and tend to avoid the pages of biology textbook where mathematical details are included. The students often perceive Mathematics and Biology as two separate disciplines of study. One of the main reasons for this perception is that biology textbooks do not include relevant mathematical details in biological concepts. Moreover, biology teachers often have little or no mathematical academic background while mathematics is taught by teachers with least or no interest in biology. This often leads to the lack of understanding among students that both subjects are actually linked to each other. So, the students study them in parallel and there are hardly any cross talks between these two subjects. But, the myth is debunked later when biology students reach the undergraduate and postgraduate level wherein they are expected to apply the mathematical skills to understand the biological concepts. So, if the realization is sparked at an early stage during schooling years that both Mathematics and Biology are related to each other, then the ‘Maths phobia’ among Biology students can be easily overcome. In this article, illustrative examples have been presented with detailed explanation wherein the biology students can appreciate mathematical concepts efficiently in a teaching-learning environment at the senior secondary level.
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Akinbusola Olushola and Victoria Alao. "Mathematical modeling of neural networks: Bridging the gap between mathematics and neurobiology." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 13, no. 1 (2024): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.13.1.0448.
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This article explains how mathematical modeling is used in neural networks with much focus on artificial neural networks or ANN and the biological neural system. It offers an introduction to the objects defining the type of model – architecture of neural networks, the mathematical models of neuron behavior – and learning algorithms used for training. The article consolidates the progress and issues surrounding the enhancement of neural network usability toward more biological realism about artificial models and their biological counterparts. It further goes to the new methodologies, including neuromorphic computing, the hybrid model, and the ethical issues of AI. Using examples of particular cases and calculations in the article, the authors show examples of practical application and further research to address the gap between theory and practice. The conclusions made in this work stress the need for collaboration and integration of multiple fields and approaches in the development of neural nets and their adoptions.
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Vsevolod Horyachko, Vsevolod, Oksana Hoholyuk, Taras Ryzhyi, and Serhiy Rendzinyak. "Mathematical model of electrical activity of biological network areas." Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2019.02.008.
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In the paper, the mathematical model describing the generation of action potential and propagation of an impulse in the neuron's filaments on the basis of the analysis of parametric electriс circuits with distributed parameters and the mathematical model of synaptic interneuron connections are proposed. Developed models allow taking into account the influence of such factors as geometric, physical and chemical parameters of the neuron's filaments and the presence of different neurotransmitters in chemical synapses on transmitting a neural impulse. Further, such models can be used for investigating the conditions of neuron firing at spatial and time integration of input signals, as well as for the simulation of neuromuscular junctions.
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Sviashchennikov, Pavel N., Boris V. Ivanov, and Irina A. Govorina. "Environmental pollution impact on radiation properties of atmosphere, snow and ice cover: Study from Barentsburg (Spitsbergen Archipelago)." Czech Polar Reports 4, no. 2 (2014): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2014-2-18.
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The value of the albedo of snow and ice surface is associated with the texture and structure of the surface layer of snow or ice (sea ice, glaciers), the peculiarities of the vertical redistribution of contaminations in this layer (mineral or organic particles of various concentrations, the size and shape), temperature regime of the surface layer of the atmosphere. Identifying links with the albedo characteristics of natural and artificial contamination is very important. For example, the results of mathematic modeling the evolution of ice sheets, sea ice and snow cover demonstrate the high sensitivity of the model to this parameter. Original results in the framework of this problem were obtained by researches from AARI and St. Petersburg State University during the 2010-2012 years on Svalbard in the vicinity of the Russian mining settlement Barentsburg. We present original results showing the relationship of "albedo-contaminations" and the influence of anthropogenic factors. The estimation of solar radiation that penetrates deep into the snow, and the impact of contamination on its redistribution in the snow thickness were obtained.
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Kzhyshkowska, Julia. "Multifunctional Receptor Stabilin-1 in Homeostasis and Disease." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 2039–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.189.
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The multifunctional scavenger receptor stabilin-1 (STAB1, FEEL-1, CLEVER-1, KIAA0246) is expressed on tissue macrophages and sinusoidal endothelial cells in healthy organisms, and its expression on both macrophages and different subtypes of endothelial cells is induced during chronic inflammation and tumor progression. Stabilin-1 is a type-1 transmembrane receptor that mediates endocytic and phagocytic clearance of “unwanted-self” components, intracellular sorting of the endogenously synthesized chitinase-like protein SI-CLP, and transcytosis of the growth hormone family member placental lactogen. The central sorting station for stabilin-1 trafficking seems to be the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Transport of stabilin-1 in the TGN requires interaction with GGA adaptors that bind to the classical DDSLL motif and a novel acidic cluster in its cytoplasmic tail. Degradation of stabilin-1 seems to depend on the interaction with sorting nexin 17. However, the mechanisms keeping stabilin-1 on the cell surface remain to be identified. This issue deserves specific attention due to the growing amount of data indicating that function of stabilin-1 in cell adhesion events is essential for inflammation and metastasis. Taking into consideration the complexity of stabilin-1—mediated processes, investigation of stabilin-1 functions in the animal models, as well as mathematic modeling of intracellular trafficking and extracellular contact, would enable prediction of stabilin-1 behavior in complex biological systems and would open perspectives for therapeutic targeting of stabilin-1 pathways in chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Bianca, Carlo. "Mathematical and computational modeling of biological systems: advances and perspectives." AIMS Biophysics 8, no. 4 (2021): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2021025.
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<abstract> <p>The recent developments in the fields of mathematics and computer sciences have allowed a more accurate description of the dynamics of some biological systems. On the one hand new mathematical frameworks have been proposed and employed in order to gain a complete description of a biological system thus requiring the definition of complicated mathematical structures; on the other hand computational models have been proposed in order to give both a numerical solution of a mathematical model and to derive computation models based on cellular automata and agents. Experimental methods are developed and employed for a quantitative validation of the modeling approaches. This editorial article introduces the topic of this special issue which is devoted to the recent advances and future perspectives of the mathematical and computational frameworks proposed in biosciences.</p> </abstract>
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Doube, Michael. "Mathematics for Biological Scientists." Journal of Anatomy 216, no. 4 (2010): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01195.x.
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Molise, Dineo Charmaine, and Luneta Kakoma. "An overview of the causes of dyscalculia and its impact on learners’ arithmetic ability." Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning 19, no. 1 (2024): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/ijtl.v19i1.18857.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Some children experience severe struggles in understanding mathematical concepts. A condition called ‘dyscalculia’ impairs learners’ capacity and limits their ability to perform and comprehend a mathematical concept. This study identifies factors that contribute to the weak academic performance by learners in mathematics. An empirical approach was used to gather data from a mainstream school and a special school. Interviews were conducted with teachers, occupational therapists, and learners. Virtual interviews included doctors and educational psychologists. The study revealed that learners' ability to learn and comprehend mathematics is influenced by medical, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The consociate of the factors responsible for mathematical learning could raise awareness and provision to tackle the difficulties of mathematics teaching and learning. The study proposes further research around the development of mathematics curriculum underpinned by teaching and learning materials that accommodate the learning capabilities of learners with dyscalculia.
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Geary, David C. "Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 2 (1996): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00042400.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe principles of sexual selection were used as an organizing framework for interpreting cross-national patterns of sex differences in mathematical abilities. Cross-national studies suggest that there are no sex differences in biologically primary mathematical abilities, that is, for those mathematical abilities that are found in all cultures as well as in nonhuman primates, and show moderate heritability estimates. Sex differences in several biologically secondary mathematical domains (i.e., those that emerge primarily in school) are found throughout the industrialized world. In particular, males consistently outperform females in the solving of mathematical word problems and geometry. Sexual selection and any associated proximate mechanisms (e.g., sex hormones) influence these sex differences in mathematical performance indirectly. First, sexual selection resulted in greater elaboration in males than in females of the neurocognitive systems that support navigation in three-dimensional space. Knowledge implicit in these systems reflects an understanding of basic Euclidean geometry, and may thus be one source of the male advantage in geometry. Males also use more readily than females these spatial systems in problem-solving situations, which provides them with an advantage in solving word problems and geometry. In addition, sex differences in social styles and interests, which also appear to be related in part to sexual selection, result in sex differences in engagement iii mathematics-related activities, thus further increasing the male advantage in certain mathematical domains. A model that integrates these biological influences with sociocultural influences on the sex differences in mathematical performance is presented in this article.
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Duncan, Sarah I., Pamela Bishop, and Suzanne Lenhart. "Preparing the “New” Biologist of the Future: Student Research at the Interface of Mathematics and Biology." CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 3 (2010): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0025.
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We describe a unique Research Experience for Undergraduates and Research Experience for Veterinary students summer program at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis on the campus of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The program focused on interdisciplinary research at the interface of biology and mathematics. Participants were selected to work on projects with a biology mentor and a mathematics mentor in an environment that promoted collaboration outside of the students' respective disciplines. There were four research projects with teams of four participants and two faculty mentors. The participants consisted of a mixture of 10 undergraduates in biology- and mathematics-related disciplines, four veterinary students, and two high-school teachers. The activities included lectures on both the biological and mathematical backgrounds of the projects, tutorials for software, and sessions on ethics, graduate school, and possible career paths for individuals interested in biology and mathematics. The program was designed to give students the ability to actively participate in the scientific research process by working on a project, writing up their results in a final report, and presenting their work orally. We report on the results of our evaluation surveys of the participants.
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Naidoo, Jayaluxmi. "Integrating Indigenous Knowledge and Culturally based Activities in South African Mathematics Classrooms." African Journal of Teacher Education 10, no. 2 (2021): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v10i2.6686.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Culturally based activities embedded within indigenous knowledge, in general, may be used to support the teaching of mathematics in multicultural classes. The article reflects on research that has been conducted with twenty-five post-graduate students studying Mathematics Education at one university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. These post-graduate students were also practicing mathematics teachers at schools. The study explored the use of indigenous knowledge and culturally based activities by post-graduate students in schools while teaching mathematical concepts. The theory of Realistic Mathematics Education framed this qualitative, interpretive study which used a questionnaire, lesson observations and semi-structured interviews to generate data. Qualitative data were analysed inductively and thematically. The findings reveal that the participants needed to understand indigenous knowledge to integrate culturally based activities in mathematics lessons. Secondly, culturally based activities established on indigenous knowledge scaffolded mathematics lessons and promoted the understanding of mathematical concepts to make learning more meaningful and relevant. Thirdly, this study provides examples of good practice to support teachers in integrating classroom activities and activities outside the classroom, ensuring that mathematical concepts learned in classrooms are not done in isolation but take into account learners’ authentic experiences in various settings. Finally, by integrating indigenous knowledge and culturally based activities in the mathematics curriculum, learners interacted and engaged more freely within the educational context. Similar studies could be conducted at universities internationally. Implications for mathematics teachers, mathematics teacher educators and mathematics curriculum developers globally are discussed.