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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Bitume de pétrole »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Bitume de pétrole"
Gires, Jean-Michel. « Les pétroles extra-lourds et les bitumes ». Annales des Mines - Responsabilité et environnement N° 64, no 4 (2011) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/re.064.0033.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Bitume de pétrole"
Lu, Ying. « Interaction du bio-brai avec le coke : effet du bio-brai sur la formulation d'anode ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67909.
Texte intégralAluminium producers are constantly facing challenges regarding the increase in production costs including those related to coal-tar-pitch (CTP). CTP, a fossil material with carbon footprint, is used as binder to produce carbon anodes. Regardless of the technical benefits of CTP, it contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known to be carcinogenic for humans and detrimental to the environment. Furthermore, the escalating production capacity of aluminium during the past 3 decades exerts a considerable pressure on the pitch supply chain. To overcome this challenge, alternative sources to CTP capable of addressing the health issues and zero carbon footprint without decreasing anode quality, are thus of great interest. Bio-pitch, produced from bio-oil, could be a good candidate in this regard. However, the properties of bio-pitch could be significantly different from those of CTP depending on its origins and process conditions. This study focuses on the synthesis of bio-pitches from bio-oil under different pyrolysis conditions and characterization of its physical and chemical properties, aiming at determining the conditions which may result in suitable properties for anode formulation. We first synthesized biopitch from bio-oil under different conditions. The resulting biopitches were deeply characterized in order to understand the effect of process parameters on their properties. Among these typical characterizations are determination of density, softening point, coking value, quinoline insoluble, PAH content, molecular weight, viscosity, elemental composition, chemical structures as well as the reaction mechanisms occurring during the pyrolysis process. Then we focused on characterisation of biopitch interaction with coke in order to assess its behaviour and its role, as a binder, in anode formulation. Information on the wetting capacity of bio-pitch on the surface of coke particle is also of great interest in assessing its possible use as a renewable and environmental-friendly binder. It was shown that the wettability of bio-pitch is greatly influenced by its viscosity, surface tension, surface chemical functional groups, amount of quinoline insoluble, and molecular weight distribution. The good wettability of bio-pitch enhances the anode densification, thus mitigates the negative effect of its low coking value on the baked anode density. In order to improve the bio-pitch properties, the investigation to increase the QI content thereby to vi improve its coking value by adding different amounts of solid bio-char as an additive were also studied
Ainous, Nédal. « Réalisation d'un appareil d'analyse en ligne pour l'étude des équilibres liquide-vapeur : application à la récupération assistée des bitumes ». Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10232.
Texte intégralMajidi, Behzad. « Discrete element method simulation of packing and rheological properties of coke and coke/pitch mixtures ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30959.
Texte intégralGlobal aluminum production now is around 60 000 metric tonnes, annually, which is produced by the Hall-Héroult process. The process has mostly kept the original concept developed in 1886. Pre-baked carbon anodes are an important part of the design of aluminum smelting cells. Anodes are part of the chemical reaction of alumina reduction and are consumed during the process. Thus, quality and properties of anodes have direct effects on the performance and economy of the aluminum production in today’s highly competitive market. Although the design of anodes goes back to 130 years ago, effects of raw materials properties on final quality of anodes still need to be investigated. Anodes are composed of granulated calcined coke, binder pitch and recycled anode butts. Pitch at temperatures of mixing and forming steps is a liquid. Hence the mixture is a paste of coke and butts aggregates with pitch acting as binder. Flow and compaction behavior of this mixture, because of the co-existence of a variety of physical, chemical and mechanical parameters are complicated phenomena. Given the importance of high quality and long lasting anodes in performance and so the economy of the reduction cells, understating and predicting the final properties of anodes are very important for smelters. Numerical modeling in such complicated problems can provide a virtual laboratory where effects of different materials or process parameters on anode quality index can be studied without risking the pot performance. However, the choice of the numerical framework is a critical decision which needs to be taken according to the physics of the problem and the geometrical scale of the investigated problems. Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used in this research work to model the anode paste. In the first step, DEM models of coke aggregates are used to simulate the vibrated bulk density test of coke particles and to reveal the parameters involved. As a micromechanical model, DEM provides a unique opportunity to investigate the particle-particle contacts. The developed DEM models of coke aggregates were then used to propose a new dry aggregates recipe exhibiting higher packing density. Packing density of coke aggregates has direct effect on the baked density of anodes. High density is a very favorable anode quality index as it has positive effects on mechanical strength, and consumption rate of anodes in the cell. Electrical resistivity of bed of particles was experimentally measured. Particle-particle contacts information obtained from numerical models were used to explain the electrical resistivity of samples with different size distribution. Results showed that the increase in the number of contacts in volume unit of a sample increases, the electrical resistivity of the particle bed. Packing density also influences the electrical current transfer in granular systems. According to the obtained results, keeping the contacts density as low as possible is beneficial for electrical conductivity if it does not have a negative effect on packing density. Pitch is a viscoelastic material at elevated temperatures. In the present work, rheological properties of pitch and binder matrix (pitch+fine coke particles) were experimentally measured using a dynamic shear rheometer at 135, 140, 145 and 150 ºC. Four-element Burger’s model is then used to model the mechanical behavior of pitch and binder matrix. The verified model is then used to investigate the rheological properties of pitch and coke/pitch mixtures at 150 ºC. Calibrated Burger’s model showed to have a good prediction of viscoelastic properties of pitch and binder matrix at different temperatures. Obtained numerical results showed that available empirical equations in the literature fail to predict the complex modulus of mixtures of pitch and coke particles. As pitch has viscoelastic response and coke particles have irregular shapes, rheology of this mixture is more complicated and needs well-tailored mathematical models. Complex modulus of pitch decreases by increasing the temperature from 135 to 150 ºC, this makes easier the coke/pitch mixtures to flow. DEM modeling showed that the mixture gets a better compaction and so lower porosity by vibro-compacting at higher temperatures. The ability of pitch to penetrate to inter-particle voids in the porous structure of bed of coke particles was also shown to be improved by temperature. Final anode structure with less porosity and so high density is favorable for its mechanical strength as well as its chemical reaction in the cell as Based on the obtained results and considering the physics of the problem, it can be said that discrete element method is an appropriate numerical simulation technique to study the effects of raw materials and the anode paste formulation on mechanical and physical properties of coke/pitch mixtures. The platform created in the course of this research effort, provides a unique opportunity to study a variety of parameters such as size distribution, shape and content of coke particles, content and rheological properties of pitch on densification of coke/pitch mixtures in vibro-compaction process. Outputs of this thesis provide a better understanding of complicated response of anode paste in the forming process.
Chambrion, Philippe. « IInfluence d'adjuvants carbochimiques sur le comportement physico-chimique d'un bitume pétrolier ». Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0292.
Texte intégralMouillet, Virginie. « Spectroscopie des liants routiers : nouvelles approches macroscopiques. Relations pétroles bruts et caractéristiques des liants. Etude des interactions bitumes / polymères par microscopie IRTF ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30036.
Texte intégralAt present, considering crude oils diversity and different formulations, there is a great variety of road bitumens, with chemical compounds or not (polymers,. . . ). So, physico-chemical methods of modified bitumens must set of macroscopic approaches and microscopic approaches too, ideal to characterize in situ differents components. Nevertheless, one of industrial difficulties of bitumens manufacturing is to choose quickly a crude oil or mixture of crude oils leading to the final characteristics wished for bitumens. In order to answer to this industrial matter, a new macroscopic approach of bitumens spectroscopic study, based upon statistical treatment, have been developped to create bitumens maps. These ones present a great benefit industrial as an decisional help. Explanatory patterns by multiple regression or partial least squares have enabled to identify links between chemical and physical parameters. So, inspite of the judicious choice of crude oils, bitumens, during their road service life, asphalts harden due to weathering (temperature, UV,. . . ). Consequently, their mechanical properties are modified. Then, in order to limit theses phenomenons, a polymer can be added. Polymer Modified Bitumens (PMB) are composite materials with a highly complex structure. Understanding how this microstructure is affected by any changes in PMB composition is a very important objective. So, for this purpose, FTIR microscopy and UV Fluorescence microscopy were used in order to characterize in situ differents components. FTIR microscopy displayed promising results to make a mapping of the specimen with respect to local polymer concentration. Most PMB display a biphasic structure with polymer rich areas along with polymer poor regions. The size and the composition of those areas are bitumen dependent. They also dramatically change through the cross linking process. The chemical species that swell the polymer involve certain types of aliphatics and slighty condensed aromatics. In any case, the polymer dispersion is greatly enhanced by the cross linking process
Nourouzilavasani, Samira. « Technico-economic evaluation of bitumen-coke integrated gasification combined cycle with CO₂ capture ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25542/25542.pdf.
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