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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Bones Pathophysiology »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 3 février 2022

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1

Wiegerinck, R. F., R. Schreurs, and F. W. Prinzen. "Pathophysiology of dyssynchrony: of squirrels and broken bones." Netherlands Heart Journal 24, no. 1 (December 10, 2015): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12471-015-0765-7.

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Shapkin, Yu G., P. A. Seliverstov, and E. A. Skripal. "THE PHENOMENON OF «SECOND HIT» AFTER OPERATIONS OF OSTEOSYNTHESIS IN CASE OF POLY-TRAUMA." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 23, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2017-23-6-331-336.

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In case of poly-trauma the early operations of osteosynthesis under fractures of long bones, unstable fractures of pelvis and backbone bones being an operational trauma, can provoke progression of inflammatory reaction, development of systemic complications and poly-organ inadequacy i.e. causing a «second hit» effect. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of «second hit» phenomenon are complicated and they are implementing by means of modulation of immune response. The risk of development of the given phenomenon depends on period of implementation and method of osteosynthesis, severity of injuries a

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Thévenin-Lemoine, C., J. Vial, J. L. Labbé, B. Lepage, B. Ilharreborde, and F. Accadbled. "MRI of acute osteomyelitis in long bones of children: Pathophysiology study." Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research 102, no. 7 (November 2016): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2016.06.014.

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Tasis, Nikolaos, Ioannis Tsouknidas, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Nassiopoulos, and Dimitrios Filippou. "Left Functional Pneumonectomy Caused by a Very Rare Giant Intrathoracic Cystic Lesion in a Patient with Gorham–Stout Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Pulmonology 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2406496.

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Gorham–Stout syndrome is an uncommon entity, with few cases reported in bibliography. It consists of osteolytic manifestations affecting various bones and replacing them with lymphangiomatous tissue. With pathophysiology unknown, Gorham–Stout disease affects also cardiorespiratory system usually causing lytic lesions to the bones of the thoracic cage or directly invading the thoracic duct. This is a case report of a unique respiratory manifestation of the disease and a review of its cardiorespiratory complications.

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Kuhweide, R., V. Van de Steene, S. Vlaminck, and J. W. Casselman. "Ramsay Hunt syndrome: pathophysiology of cochleovestibular symptoms." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, no. 10 (October 2002): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/00222150260293691.

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Ramsay Hunt’s hypothesis that herpes zoster oticus results from reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the geniculate ganglion is supported by the detection of viral genome in archival temporal bones of normals and Ramsay Hunt patients by the polymerase chain reaction. Ramsay Hunt syndrome is characterized by the presence of cochleovestibular symptoms in association with facial paralysis. VZV has also been demonstrated in the spiral and/or vestibular ganglion. Two cases are reported in which cochleovestibular symptoms outweighed the facial nerve symptoms, presumably representing V

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Puntillo, Filomena, Mariateresa Giglio, Antonella Paladini, Gaetano Perchiazzi, Omar Viswanath, Ivan Urits, Carlo Sabbà, Giustino Varrassi, and Nicola Brienza. "Pathophysiology of musculoskeletal pain: a narrative review." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 13 (January 2021): 1759720X2199506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x21995067.

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Musculoskeletal pain (excluding bone cancer pain) affects more than 30% of the global population and imposes an enormous burden on patients, families, and caregivers related to functional limitation, emotional distress, effects on mood, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life. The pathogenic mechanisms of musculoskeletal pain relate to the differential sensory innervation of bones, joints, and muscles as opposed to skin and involve a number of peripheral and central nervous system cells and mediators. The interplay of neurons and non-neural cells (e.g. glial, mesenchymal, and immune

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Shams, Ramsha, Kelsey P. Drasites, Vandana Zaman, Denise Matzelle, Donald C. Shields, Dena P. Garner, Christopher J. Sole, Azizul Haque, and Narendra L. Banik. "The Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis after Spinal Cord Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 3057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063057.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 300,000 people in the United States. Most individuals who sustain severe SCI also develop subsequent osteoporosis. However, beyond immobilization-related lack of long bone loading, multiple mechanisms of SCI-related bone density loss are incompletely understood. Recent findings suggest neuronal impairment and disability may lead to an upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which promotes bone resorption. Disruption of Wnt signaling and dysregulation of RANKL may also contribute to the pathogenesis of SCI-related os

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Gore, Ashwini P., Soon Ho Kwon, and Antine E. Stenbit. "A Roadmap to the Brittle Bones of Cystic Fibrosis." Journal of Osteoporosis 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/926045.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder which despite advances in medical care continues to be a life-limiting and often fatal disease. With increase in life expectancy of the CF population, bone disease has emerged as a common complication. Unlike the osteoporosis seen in postmenopausal population, bone disease in CF begins at a young age and is associated with significant morbidity due to fractures, kyphosis, increased pain, and decreased lung function. The maintenance of bone health is essential for the CF population during their lives to prevent pain and fractures but also

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Assi, Tarek, Sarah Watson, Bachar Samra, Elie Rassy, Axel Le Cesne, Antoine Italiano, and Olivier Mir. "Targeting the VEGF Pathway in Osteosarcoma." Cells 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051240.

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Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of the bones affecting mainly young adults. Despite the advances in the field of systemic anticancer therapy, the prognosis of relapsed of metastatic osteosarcoma patients remain dismal with very short survival. However, the better understanding of the pathophysiology of this subtype of sarcoma has led to the identification of new targeted agents with significant activity. In fact, increased angiogenesis plays a major role in the tumor growth and survival of osteosarcoma patients. Several targeted agents have demonstrated a significant anti-tumor a

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Golovach, I. Yu. "Clinical significance of spondyloarthritis-attended enthesites: from pathophysiology to treatment (review)." PAIN, JOINTS, SPINE 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-1507.11.1.2021.226905.

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The article presents the latest views on enthesites’ anatomy and pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic options. The enthesis lesions are considered an outstanding pathologic and clinical manifestation of spondyloarthritis group; this symptom is included into the classification criteria by the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society for the peripheral and axial forms. The typical spondyloarthritis-attended enthesites’ localizations are: the site of Achilles tendon and plantar aponeurosis’ attachment to the calcaneus, the lateral condyle of the humerus, the

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Kang, Hongje. "Comprehension of Midcarpal Instability." Archives of Hand and Microsurgery 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/ahm.21.0082.

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The midcarpal instability is the state with instability between the proximal and distal carpal rows, without dissociation between carpal bones. It can be divided into the intrinsic one that is caused by ligament hyperlaxity, and extrinsic one that is caused secondarily by the malunion of distal radius. The pathophysiology of the intrinsic one is still unknown, and the treatment is also controversial. On the other hand, the extrinsic one can be treated by corrective osteotomy of the radial malunion. This review investigated the comprehension, definition, classification, symptoms, diagnosis, and

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Shokri, Tom, Weitao Wang, Aurora Vincent, Jason E. Cohn, Sameep Kadakia, and Yadranko Ducic. "Osteoradionecrosis of the Maxilla: Conservative Management and Reconstructive Considerations." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 34, no. 02 (May 2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709144.

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AbstractThe implementation of radiotherapy in the multimodal treatment of advanced head and neck cancer has greatly improved survival rates. In some patients, however, this benefit comes at the potential expense of the tissue surrounding the primary site of malignancy. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the facial bones, in particular the maxilla, is a debilitating complication of radiation therapy. Exposure to ionizing radiation results in devitalization of underlying bone with necrosis of adjacent soft tissue. Controversy surrounding appropriate early intervention in ORN persists and no consensus f

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Ruparelia, Jigish, Rajnish Patidar, Jaskaran Singh Gosal, Mayank Garg, Suryanarayanan Bhaskar, and Deepak Kumar Jha. "An Aberrant Line on CT Head: The Mendosal Suture." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 11, no. 03 (June 16, 2020): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713304.

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AbstractA knowledge of variant anatomy is important in clinical practice. The skull bones have several normal anatomical variations, especially in the occipital bone. Accessory sutures have been described in newborns and young children.In this study, we discussed radiological findings of an accessory occipital suture in a 14-year-old child who had presented with mastoiditis and brain abscess. We further describe this “mendosal suture,” and its pathophysiology and clinical implications. It is important to bear this entity in mind to avoid misdiagnosing this as a fracture. The use of CT scans an

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Sharma, Suresh, Sakshi Mathur, Puneet Joshi, and Upendra Kumar Gupta. "MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN DRIED HUMAN SKULL BONES OF NORTH-WEST INDIAN REGION." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 8, no. 4.1 (November 10, 2020): 7777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.217.

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Background: The Foramen Magnum is communication between vertebral canal and posterior cranial fossa and important landmark to key structures such as brain, spinal cord, vertebral arteries. Anatomical knowledge of the foramen magnum is significant for understanding the pathophysiology of various disorders of the craniovertebral junction as well as for planning surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 62 dry skulls of unknown gender obtained from the Department of Anatomy. The shape of foramen magnum was classified as oval, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal a

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Franco, Melanie, Emmanuel Collec, Philippe Connes, Emile van den Akker, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Nadia Belmatoug, Marieke von Lindern, et al. "Abnormal properties of red blood cells suggest a role in the pathophysiology of Gaucher disease." Blood 121, no. 3 (January 17, 2013): 546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-07-442467.

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AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by glucocerebrosidase deficiency. It is notably characterized by splenomegaly, complex skeletal involvement, ischemic events of the spleen and bones, and the accumulation of Gaucher cells in several organs. We hypothesized that red blood cells (RBCs) might be involved in some features of GD and studied the adhesive and hemorheologic properties of RBCs from GD patients. Hemorheologic analyses revealed enhanced blood viscosity, increased aggregation, and disaggregation threshold of GD RBCs compared with control (CTR) RBCs. GD RB

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Arora, Vijinder, and Nilanshu Kataria. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Osteopetrosis in a Child Presenting with Blindness." Indian Journal of Musculoskeletal Radiology 1 (August 18, 2019): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijmsr_17_2019.

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Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone dysplasia of heterogeneous pathophysiology in which failure of osteoclastic bone resorption leads to increased bone mass, which has poor mechanical properties. Patients present in childhood with complaints of bone pains, failure to thrive and growth retardation. Other clinical findings include severe anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and thrombocytopenia. The dense, extremely brittle bones fracture easily. Involvement of the cranium can lead to optic nerve atrophy with blindness or other cranial nerve defects. The diagnosis is primarily radiogr

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Elwany, Samy. "Pathology of the eustachian tube in otitis media: an electron microscopic study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, no. 7 (July 1993): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100124004.

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The ultrastructure of the mucosa of the eustachian tube was studied in four temporal bones showing tympanosclerosis, cholesteatoma, otitic meningitis and a grafted tympanic membrane (tympanoplasty). The mucosa of tube was abnormal in the four cases confirming the relationship between the state of the eustachian tube and the inflammatory process in the middle ear. The observed abnormalities included: ciliary loss, abnormal ciliary morphology and motility, oedema of the microvilli, hyperplasia of the goblet cells and the seromucinous acini, desquamation of the non-ciliated cells and appearance o

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Nadol Jr., Joseph B., E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte, Sami Samir Amr, Jennifer T. O'Malley, and Takefumi Kamakura. "Histopathology of the Inner Ear in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome Caused by a Missense Variant (p.Thr65Ala) in the MPZ Gene." Audiology and Neurotology 23, no. 6 (2018): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495176.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neuropathies affecting both peripheral motor and sensory nerves. Progressive sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular abnormalities, and dysfunction of other cranial nerves have been described. This is the second case report of otopathology in a patient with CMT syndrome. Molecular genetic testing of DNA obtained at autopsy revealed a missense variant in the MPZ gene (p.Thr65Ala), pathogenic for an autosomal-dominant form of CMT1B. The temporal bones were also prepared for light microscopy by hematoxylin an

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Hofmann, Sigrun R., Anja Schnabel, Angela Rösen-Wolff, Henner Morbach, Hermann J. Girschick, and Christian M. Hedrich. "Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis: Pathophysiological Concepts and Current Treatment Strategies." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 11 (September 1, 2016): 1956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.160256.

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Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder, covering a clinical spectrum with asymptomatic inflammation of single bones at the one end, and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) at the other end. The exact molecular pathophysiology of CNO remains largely unknown. Provided familial clusters and the association with inflammatory disorders of the skin and intestine suggest a genetic predisposition. Recently, profound dysregulation of cytokine responses was demonstrated in CRMO. Failure to produce antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-

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Nadol, Joseph B. "Techniques for human temporal bone removal: Information for the scientific community." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 115, no. 4 (October 1996): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70042-6.

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Human temporal bones provide an irreplaceable resource for study of the pathology and pathophysiology of disorders of hearing, balance, taste, and facial nerve function. Additional specimens are needed to study disorders for which there are few human specimens; to increase the number of specimens for a given disorder to understand the natural variability and expression of the disease entity; to evaluate the accuracy of otologic diagnoses and the efficacy of otologic treatment modalities; to apply newly available scientific methods, including immunohistochemistry and molecular biologic or molec

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Briolay, A., S. Delplace, F. Duboeuf, O. Peyruchaud, D. Magne, L. Brizuela, and C. Bougault. "POS0404 VOLUNTARY WHEEL RUNNING MODEL IN MICE TO MECHANICALLY STIMULATE THE ENTHESIS OF THE ACHILLES TENDON." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 431.3–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.833.

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Background:Excessive bone formation in the entheses is one of the features of peripheral spondyloarthritis. Biomechanical stress is proposed to occupy a central place in spondyloarthritis pathophysiology, but the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathological response of the enthesis are still largely unknown [1]. Besides, physical therapy and exercise are recommended as non-pharmacologic therapies for patients. We focused on the effect of exercising on enthesis ossification.Objectives:We aimed to develop and characterize an in vivo model in mice to study the impact of m

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Lintz, Francois, Alessio Bernasconi, Céline Fernando, and Cesar de Cesar Netto. "Assessing Hallux Valgus using Automatically Segmented Weight Bearing CT Datasets: A Case-Control Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00056.

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Category: Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Hallux Valgus (HV) is a complex 3D deformity. Coronal rotation of the first column has been advocated as a key component of its pathophysiology. Cone Beam Weightbearing CT (CB-WBCT) provides 3D images of the foot and ankle bones under physiological load and may provide any absolute or relative measurements. However, the fact that numerous bones and joints are concerned makes analysis time-consuming and results difficult to render and interpret. Artificial Intelligence based Automatic Segmentation (AIAS) is a new tool which allows for vol

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Razmara, Ehsan, Amirreza Bitaraf, Hassan Yousefi, Tina H. Nguyen, Masoud Garshasbi, William Chi-shing Cho, and Sadegh Babashah. "Non-Coding RNAs in Cartilage Development: An Updated Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184475.

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In the development of the skeleton, the long bones are arising from the process of endochondral ossification (EO) in which cartilage is replaced by bone. This complex process is regulated by various factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements. It is recognized that DNA methylation, higher-order chromatin structure, and post-translational modifications of histones regulate the EO. With emerging understanding, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as another mode of EO regulation, which is consist of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The

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Chinoy, Amish, Mohamed Zulf Mughal, and Raja Padidela. "Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: causes, recognition, prevention, treatment and long-term consequences." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 104, no. 5 (May 11, 2019): F560—F566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316330.

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Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) is characterised by skeletal demineralisation, and in severe cases it can result in fragility fractures of long bones and ribs during routine handling. MBDP arises from prenatal and postnatal factors. Infants who are born preterm are deprived of fetal mineral accumulation, 80% of which occurs in the third trimester. Postnatally, it is difficult to maintain a comparable intake of minerals, and medications, such as corticosteroids and diuretic therapy, lead to bone resorption. With improvements in neonatal care and nutrition, the incidence of MBDP in

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Walallawita, Umani S., Frances M. Wolber, Ayelet Ziv-Gal, Marlena C. Kruger, and Julian A. Heyes. "Potential Role of Lycopene in the Prevention of Postmenopausal Bone Loss: Evidence from Molecular to Clinical Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 7119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197119.

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Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density, which affects the quality of life of the aging population. Furthermore, disruption of bone microarchitecture and the alteration of non-collagenous protein in bones lead to higher fracture risk. This is most common in postmenopausal women. Certain medications are being used for the treatment of osteoporosis; however, these may be accompanied by undesirable side effects. Phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables are a source of micronutrients for the maintenance of bone health. Among them, lycopene has recent

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Koç, Ahmet, Gazanfer Ekinci, A. Mert Bilgili, Ihsan N. Akpinar, Hamdi Yakut, and Turgay Han. "Evaluation of the mastoid air cell system by high resolution computed tomography: three-dimensional multiplanar volume rendering technique." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 117, no. 8 (August 2003): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221503768199906.

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The mastoid air cell system is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of middle-ear inflammatory disease. The mastoid cavity is not only an air reservoir, but also an active space for gas exchange. Various methods of temporal bone imaging have been designed to investigate mastoid pneumatization. In this study, we examined 100 normal temporal bones for the evaluation of mastoid pneumatization. Mastoid air cell systems were measured by reconstructed axial and coronal high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images. The reconstructions were made by a three-dimensional multiplanar volum

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Placha, Daniela, and Josef Jampilek. "Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Their Delivery Nanosystems." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010064.

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Inflammatory diseases, whether caused by excessive stress on certain tissues/parts of the body or arising from infections accompanying autoimmune or secondary diseases, have become a problem, especially in the Western world today. Whether these are inflammations of visceral organs, joints, bones, or the like, they are always a physiological reaction of the body, which always tries to eradicate noxious agents and restore tissue homeostasis. Unfortunately, this often results in damage, often irreversible, to the affected tissues. Nevertheless, these inflammatory reactions of the body are the res

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Rothschild, Bruce. "Intertwining of paleontology and medicine: implications for structure-function relationships, behavior, and habitat in paleontology." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008121.

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Medicine and paleontology have been intertwined from the start. Gideon Algernon Mantell, a family physician from Sussex, and his wife, while on patient care “rounds,” found the first English dinosaur. Nineteen years later in 1841, Sir Richard Owen established the neologism, dinosaur, to categorize these animals. It is not accidental that the first Dean of Kansas University School of Medicine was also the founder of the University's Museum of Natural History. Rheumatology and paleontology paths have also crossed in the form of Thinocetus arthritus, so named because the ligamentous fusion in a s

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Tona, Risa, Ivan A. Lopez, Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer, Rabia Faridi, Claudio Anselmi, Asma A. Khan, Mohsin Shahzad, et al. "Mouse Models of Human Pathogenic Variants of TBC1D24 Associated with Non-Syndromic Deafness DFNB86 and DFNA65 and Syndromes Involving Deafness." Genes 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11101122.

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Human pathogenic variants of TBC1D24 are associated with clinically heterogeneous phenotypes, including recessive nonsyndromic deafness DFNB86, dominant nonsyndromic deafness DFNA65, seizure accompanied by deafness, a variety of isolated seizure phenotypes and DOORS syndrome, characterized by deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, intellectual disability and seizures. Thirty-five pathogenic variants of human TBC1D24 associated with deafness have been reported. However, functions of TBC1D24 in the inner ear and the pathophysiology of TBC1D24-related deafness are unknown. In this study, a no

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Drago, Lorenzo, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Carlo Luca Romanò, Karan Goswami, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Roberto Mattina, and Javad Parvizi. "Oral–Gut Microbiota and Arthritis: Is There an Evidence-Based Axis?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101753.

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The gut microbiome appears to be a significant contributor to musculoskeletal health and disease. Recently, it has been found that oral microbiota are involved in arthritis pathogenesis. Microbiome composition and its functional implications have been associated with the prevention of bone loss and/or reducing fracture risk. The link between gut–oral microbiota and joint inflammation in animal models of arthritis has been established, and it is now receiving increasing attention in human studies. Recent papers have demonstrated substantial alterations in the gut and oral microbiota in patients

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Sanketh, DS, N. Amrutha, and Shankargouda Patil. "Metastatic Tumors of the Oral Cavity." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 2 (2014): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1526.

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ABSTRACT The pivotal reason for morbidity and mortality of any type of cancer is due to metastasis that occurs as a result of adaptation of genetically unstable cancer cells, in an ectopic conducive environment. Oral metastasis in spite of being unusual or rare represents around 25% of the first signs of metastatic spread. Literature says there are more number of cases of jaw bone metastasis reported than in the oral soft tissues. The most common primary organs metastasizing to the jaw bones and the oral soft tissues are the breast and the lungs respectively. The issue in diagnosing a metastat

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Hosseini, Ali, Pim Van Dijk, Sofie Breuking, Bryan Vopat, Daniel Guss, A. Holly Johnson, and Christopher DiGiovanni. "The Peroneus Brevis and Plantar Fascia Insertions Are Related to Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 2473011417S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000198.

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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Proximal fifth metatarsal fractures (PFMF) are among the most common fractures in the foot and can be categorized into three fracture zones [1]. To investigate the fracture mechanism of PFMF in different zones, a better understanding of the anatomy of the bone and its surrounding soft tissues is required. Both the plantar fascia (PF) and the peroneus brevis (PB) tendon insertions are at the base of the fifth metatarsal, and may contribute to the pathophysiology of PFMF. However, the role of the PB and PF insertions in the pathogenesis of PFMF re

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Bjelica, Artur, Viktorija Vucaj-Cirilovic, Snezana Tomasevic-Todorovic, and Karmela Filipovic. "Postmenopausal osteoporosis." Medical review 71, no. 5-6 (2018): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1806201b.

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Introduction. Postmenopausal women are at a great risk for osteoporosis and bone fractures. Pathophysiology of osteoporosis. The two main factors causing osteoporosis are aging and loss of the gonadal function. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is primarily the consequence of estrogen deficiency, whereas senile osteoporosis is related to the natural aging process. Risk factors for the onset of osteoporosis. Risk factors include: age of 50 years and over. female gender. Caucasian race, genetic predisposition, short stature, under?nourishment, physical inactivity, amenorrhea, late menarche, early meno

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Chen, Ye, Rodrigo O. Jacamo, Nicole A. Hofmann, Yue-xi Shi, Rui-yu Wang, Sergej Konoplev, Dirk Strunk, Marina Konopleva, and Michael Andreeff. "Human Extramedullary Bone and Bone Marrow in Mice: First In Vivo Model of a Genetically Controlled Hematopoietic Environment." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1323.1323.

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Abstract Abstract 1323 The importance of the tumor microenvironment for cancer development, progression and resistance to treatment has recently been recognized. Our group was first to report the contribution of bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for tumor development and metastasis. BM is also the dynamic microenvironment (niche) for normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with high local concentrations of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. The maintenance of HSCs quiescence and normal hematopoiesis require complex bidirectional interactions between t

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Mukkamalla, Shiva Kumar Reddy, and Dhatri Malipeddi. "Myeloma Bone Disease: A Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126208.

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, characterized by overproduction of heavy- and light-chain monoclonal proteins (M-protein). These proteins are mainly found in the serum and/or urine. Reduction in normal gammaglobulins (immunoparesis) leads to an increased risk of infection. The primary site of origin is the bone marrow for nearly all patients affected by MM with disseminated marrow involvement in most cases. MM is known to involve bones and result in myeloma bone disease. Osteolytic lesions are seen in 80% of patien

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Gomes, Alicia, Peter Weiser, Maria Descartes, and Jariya Upadia. "A Familial Case of Multicentric Carpotarsal Osteolysis Syndrome and Treatment Outcome." Journal of Pediatric Genetics 07, no. 04 (June 16, 2018): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1657760.

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AbstractMulticentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome (MCTO) is a rare skeletal disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in the MAFB gene (v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene ortholog B). This is an autosomal dominant condition with a high frequency of sporadic cases. MCTO is characterized by osteolysis of the carpal, metacarpal, and tarsal bones beginning in early childhood with musculoskeletal rheumatologic symptoms such as pain and disability. Renal involvement can be seen in more than half of the patients; from ages 16 months to 42 years and manifests from proteinuria to end-sta

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Ahamed, Irshad, and Niyati Jauhar. "Hypercalcemia Due to Immobilization." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.398.

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Abstract Background: Hypercalcemia associated with immobilization is an infrequent diagnosis. It is usually associated with prolonged immobility due to traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injuries. It results from rapid bone turnover. Diagnosis requires workup to rule out other causes of hypercalcemia. Keywords: Hypercalcemia; immobilizationCASE REPORT: We report a case of a 49 year old woman with severe traumatic brain injury and paraplegia following an electric-scooter accident. She had an extended stay in hospital and was noted to be hypercalcemic after six months’ in-patient. Laboratory

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Arudkumaran, Dharscika, Albert Chang, Deviani Umadat, and Deirdre Cocks Eschler. "Acute Sensorineural Hearing Loss - an Unusual Presentation of Uncontrolled DM." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A363—A364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.740.

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Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disorder that possesses macro- and microangiopathic consequences. Studies have demonstrated that a relationship exists between sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and DM, particularly in patients of older age, longer disease duration, and uncontrolled DM. The pathophysiology of DM related hearing loss is poorly understood, however proposed mechanisms include ischemia, fibrosis, demyelination, and atrophy of the eighth cranial nerve. We however, present a case of acute, transient sensorineural hearing loss in the setting of diabe

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Wootton, Elizabeth, Matthew Balcerek, Syndia Lazarus, and Emma L. Duncan. "Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification With Incidental Hyperparathyroidism." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.431.

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Abstract Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a rare disease characterised by abnormal bone growth in non-osseous tissues, causing pain, immobility and impaired quality of life. Although still being elucidated, the underlying pathophysiology may relate to local macrophage-driven inflammation in response to trauma1. Case: A 35-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) fractured over twenty bones (multiple vertebrae, ribs and complex open book pelvic fracture with shattered left acetabulum) with extensive soft tissue injuries requiring multiple surgeries. Past medical histo

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Mironov, S. P., N. A. Es’kin, A. I. Krupatkin, G. A. Kesyan, R. Z. Urazgil’deev, and I. G. Arsen’ev. "Pathophysiologic Aspects of Soft Tissue Microcirculation in the Zone of Long Bones Pseudarthrosis." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2012): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto20120422-26.

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Thirty four patients with delayed consolidating fractures and long bones pseudarthrosis and 30 healthy individuals (control group) were examined using laser Doppler flowmetry and computed thermography. It was shown that during the osteogenesis process no isolated changes in bone circulation took place but the potentialities of blood flow in the extremity segment as a whole were mobilized. Important role of bone surrounding soft tissue circulation for provision of adequate osteogenesis was confirmed. In case of pseudarthrosis formation microcirculation system, especially its nutrient part, resp

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Kawata, Yuki, Hisashi Hirano, Ren Takahashi, Yukari Miyano, Ayuko Kimura, Natsumi Sato, Yukio Morita, Hirokazu Kimura, and Kiyotaka Fujita. "Detailed Structure and Pathophysiological Roles of the IgA-Albumin Complex in Multiple Myeloma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041766.

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Immunoglobulin A (IgA)-albumin complexes may be associated with pathophysiology of multiple myeloma, although the etiology is not clear. Detailed structural analyses of these protein–protein complexes may contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. We analyzed the structure of the IgA-albumin complex using various electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and in silico techniques. The data based on the electrophoresis and mass spectrometry showed that IgA in the sera of patients was dimeric, linked via the J chain. Only dimeric IgA can bind to albumin molecules leading to

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Pozzi, Samantha, Raffaella Marcheselli, Alessia Bari, Eliana Valentina Liardo, Paola Bresciani, Maria Teresa Donini, Santo Neri, et al. "Evaluation of Atypical Low Energy Fractures in Patients Affected by Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bispohosphonates." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 5134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5134.5134.

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Abstract Abstract 5134 BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates (BP) are standard supportive care in patients affected by symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) with skeletal lesions. Despite the long term use of BP in the clinic, many of the effects of this category of drugs and their optimal schedule of administration are still matter of debate. In the recent past the identification of osteonecrosis of the jaw induced clinicians and researchers to reevaluate the schedule of administration of BP in myeloma, questioning about their effects on other cells than osteoclasts. Therefore a better definition of risks

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Shimizu, Yu, Kiminori Nakamura, Aki Yoshii, Yuki Yokoi, Mani Kikuchi, Ryuga Shinozaki, Shunta Nakamura, Shuya Ohira, Rina Sugimoto та Tokiyoshi Ayabe. "Paneth cell α-defensin misfolding correlates with dysbiosis and ileitis in Crohn’s disease model mice". Life Science Alliance 3, № 6 (28 квітня 2020): e201900592. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900592.

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Crohn’s disease (CD) is an intractable inflammatory bowel disease, and dysbiosis, disruption of the intestinal microbiota, is associated with CD pathophysiology. ER stress, disruption of ER homeostasis in Paneth cells of the small intestine, and α-defensin misfolding have been reported in CD patients. Because α-defensins regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota, their misfolding may cause dysbiosis. However, whether ER stress, α-defensin misfolding, and dysbiosis contribute to the pathophysiology of CD remains unknown. Here, we show that abnormal Paneth cells with markers of ER st

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Wakahashi, Kanako, Kentaro Minagawa, Noboru Asada, Yuko Kawano, Mari Sato, Hiroki Kawano, Akiko Sada та ін. "αSMA+ Macrophages Skewed From Hematopoietic Stem Cells By Vitamin D3 Initiate Myelofibrosis and Subsequent Osteosclerosis". Blood 122, № 21 (15 листопада 2013): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.340.340.

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Abstract Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized as the proliferation of fibroblasts resulting in the replacement of marrow space by collagenous connective tissue fibers and is also known to be frequently complicated with osteosclerosis. However, the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is largely unknown. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the therapeutic choice in clinic with complete resolution of the disorder despite the recognition as microenvironment problem by the hematologists. Here, we establish a novel inducible murine MF model and propose a new paradigm in the pathophysiology of MF. Vit

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Chae, Young Kwang, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Muhamed Baljevic, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama, Gautam Borthakur, Tapan M. Kadia, Susan O'Brien, et al. "Adverse Prognosis Of Extramedullary Disease In Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) In The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Era: a Cohort Study Of 283 Blastic Phase CML Patients." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2724.2724.

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Abstract Background With the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), significant improvement has been made in the survival outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, blastic phase (BP) CML remains a therapeutic challenge. Extramedullary disease (EMD) is a diagnostic criterion for BP, and patients with this presentation represent a unique subgroup of BP CML. The characteristics of EMD in BP CML patients have not been well described, especially in the era of TKIs. Methods We have analyzed CML patients with extramedullary BP either at the time of diagnosis or progressing fr

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Essex, DW, K. Chen, and M. Swiatkowska. "Localization of protein disulfide isomerase to the external surface of the platelet plasma membrane." Blood 86, no. 6 (September 15, 1995): 2168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.6.2168.bloodjournal8662168.

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Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation as well as the isomerization of disulfide bonds. In this study, antibodies against PDI were used to show PDI antigen on the platelet surface by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and by flow cytometry. The platelets were not activated, as evidenced by the absence of staining by an antibody against P-selectin. Permeabilized platelets showed little cytosolic PDI by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, suggesting that the majority of platelet PDI is localized to the platelet surface. PDI activity against “scrambled

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Parakh, Sonam, Damian M. Spencer, Mark A. Halloran, Kai Y. Soo, and Julie D. Atkin. "Redox Regulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/408681.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that results from the death of upper and lower motor neurons. Due to a lack of effective treatment, it is imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms and processes involved in disease progression. Regulations in cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) processes are being increasingly implicated in disease. Here we discuss the possible involvement of redox dysregulation in the pathophysiology of ALS, either as a cause of cellular abnormalities or a consequence. We focus on its possible role in oxidative stress, protein misfo

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Dubin, A., J. Potempa, and J. Travis. "Structural and functional characterization of elastases from horse neutrophils." Biochemical Journal 300, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3000401.

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In order better to understand the pathophysiology of the equine form of emphysema, two elastinolytic enzymes from horse neutrophils, referred to as proteinases 2A and 2B, have been extensively characterized and compared with the human neutrophil proteinases, proteinase-3 and elastase. Specificity studies using both the oxidized insulin B-chain and synthetic peptides revealed that cleavage of peptide bonds with P1 alanine or valine residues was preferred. Further characterization of the two horse elastases by N-terminal sequence and reactive-site analyses indicated that proteinases 2A and 2B ha

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Angelopoulou, Maria K., Pantelis Tsirkinidis, Georgios Boutsikas, Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos, and Panayiotis Tsirigotis. "New Insights in the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma Patients." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/835138.

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Following chemotherapy and/or the administration of growth factors, such as granulocyte-colony stimulated factor (G-CSF), hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) mobilize from bone marrow to peripheral blood. This review aims to systematically present the structure of the HSC “niche” and elucidate the mechanisms of their mobilization. However, this field is constantly evolving and new pathways and molecules have been shown to contribute to the mobilization process. Understanding the importance and the possible primary pathophysiologic role of each pathway is rather difficult, since they share various o

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Reichelt, K. L. "Can the pathophysiology of autism be explained by the nature of the discovered urine peptides and dietary antigens?" European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.840.

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PurposeA: 1. To develop the urine analysis for exorphins for routine use in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).2. Disorders where patient related validation must be carried out: schizophrenia, depression (uni- and bipolar) and autism.MethodA: HPLC-MS/MS (fragmentation mass spectrometry) technology.With both a specific HPLC retention time and MS/MS (fragmentation) this method is close to an absolute technique for peptide recognition.B: ELISA against specific proteins (gliadin, gluten and casein and transglutaminase 6) (Table 1 og 2).BackgroundA: schizophrenia: increased opioid peptide levels h

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