Thèses sur le sujet « BPM (behavior perspective model) »

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Comportamento, 2017.
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A escolha de curso superior tem sido estudada principalmente a partir de tradições de pesquisa da sociologia, economia e desenvolvimento de carreira/counseling. Entretanto, apesar da multidisciplinaridade e da convergência no que diz respeito ao reconhecimento do caráter econômico do fenômeno, a área é carente de integração teórica. Dados o êxito com que o Behavioral Perspective Model (BPM) vem sendo adotado para explicar escolhas em contexto de consumo e a potencialidade de uma análise da escolha de curso superior na perspectiva econômico-comportamental operante, avaliou-se a factibilidade de uso do modelo para uma interpretação integrada desse tipo de escolha. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise econômico-comportamental operante da escolha de curso superior com base nas categorias de antecedentes situacionais (cenário e história de aprendizagem) e de consequentes (utilitários e informativos) do BPM, por meio de três estudos. No Estudo 1, de natureza teórico-conceitual, demonstrou-se a factibilidade teórica de uma interpretação integrada dos preditores típicos reportados pela literatura conforme as categorias analíticas do BPM. A teorização proposta foi exemplificada empiricamente por meio dos estudos subsequentes. No Estudo 2 segmentaram-se, com base em sondagem social via survey junto a uma amostra de 444 participantes do Distrito Federal, os cursos superiores de graduação presencial ofertados pela Universidade de Brasília, o que gerou três clusters agrupados conforme magnitude de reforço informativo, utilitário e preço sinalizados pelos cursos. Os padrões de consequenciação obtidos apresentaram ainda relação com a demanda pelos cursos e notas de corte no vestibular. Já no Estudo 3, testaram-se relações de predição envolvendo variáveis antecedentes e consequentes propostas pelo modelo, a partir da análise de dados referentes às escolhas de candidatos ao Vestibular de 2016 da UnB. Além da constatação de que os candidatos escolhem maximizando reforço utilitário, verificou-se que nível de preparação acadêmica, local de residência, status socioeconômico familiar (variáveis de cenário) e gênero (variável de história de aprendizagem) predizem, juntos, os padrões de consequenciação sinalizados pelos cursos escolhidos. Em conjunto, os três estudos demonstraram a factibilidade de uso do BPM como aparato teóricometodológico integrador para os achados da área de escolha de curso superior.
College/University major choice has been investigated mainly by research traditions from sociology, economics and career development/counseling. However, despite the multidisciplinarity of the research field and its convergence concerning the recognition of the economic character of the phenomenon, it needs theoretical integration. Due to the success in which the Behavioral Perspective Model (BPM) has been adopted to explain choices in consumption contexts, and considering the potential of an operant behavioral economic analysis of major choice, the feasibility of the model’s adoption to interpret the phenomenon in an integrated fashion was evaluated. Therefore, an operant behavioral economic analysis of major choice based on the BPM categories of situational antecedents (behavioral setting and learning history) and utilitarian and informational consequences was performed by three studies. In Study 1, theoretical-conceptual in nature, it was demonstrated that it is possible to interpret, based on the BPM analytical categories, the typical predictors reported in the literature. The suggested interpretation was exemplified empirically through two subsequent studies. In Study 2, majors offered by University of Brasilia were segmented according to consequential patterns (magnitudes of price, utilitarian and informational reinforcement), based on survey data with a sample of 444 participants from the Federal District, what produced three clusters. The consequential patterns obtained also showed a relation to the demand for the majors and to the passing scores at the UnB entrance exam, which proves the viability of major segmentation based upon BPM consequent categories. In Study 3, in turn, prediction relations involving BPM antecedent and consequent variables were analyzed using data referring to candidates’ choices during the 2016 UnB entrance exam. In addition to the finding that candidates choose maximizing utilitarian reinforcement, it was found that academic abilities, place of residence, socioeconomic family status (behavioral setting variables), and gender (learning history variable) predict, jointly, the consequential patterns signaled by the chosen majors. Together, the three studies set forth the feasibility of adopting the BPM as a theoretical methodological apparatus able to integrate major choice findings.

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The vast amount of information available on the Internet have enabled numerous multidisciplinar investigations aimed to understand nuances of human consumption behavior, especially to identify people's opinions about products and services. From Behavioral Perspective Model (BPM), consumer behavior analysis can be conducted focusing on antecedent variables (behavioral setting and consumer learning history) and consequences (reinforcement and punishment, utilitarian and informative) to the occurrence of behavior. The present thesis investigated consumption behavior in the context of tourism, with BPM as theoretical support for interpretations of verbal data extracted from comments available on the TripAdvisor®, a website about tourism. Verbal responses of tourism consumers, engaged in the process of online avaluation of components of tourism products (specifically, Accommodations [ACO], Restaurants [RES] and Attractions [ATR]), were analyzed. Research participants were the unknown individuals who, between the beginning of February and the end of March 2017, emitted 6.438.497 comments distributed among the 100 most evaluated Brazilian touristic destinations at TribAdvisor®. In two studies (Study 1 [E1] and Study 2 [E2]), the thesis research aimed at: a) extraction and analysis of tourist´s verbal information (commentaries) throught a Sentiment Analysis (SA) computational technique; extraction the number of touristic product component (ACO, RES e ATR) evaluative indications emitted by tourism consumers with different statuses as TripColaborators; extraction of the number of votes (Likes) to the comments; b) describe the polarized evaluative response attributed to the 100 evaluated touristic destinations and interpret such responding considering BPM concepts. E1 resulted in the successful development of the SentimentALL tool, focusing on the AS module, and the generation the primary variables explored in E2 (n = 197). In E2, data generated in E1 and derived measures were explored (described in rankings and correlation analyzes) and interpreted using the BPM conceptual framework. With a fundamental exploratory caracter, the interpretative effort suggested profitable research lines and utility of the computational and psychological knowledges integration.
A grande quantidade de informações disponíveis na internet tem viabilizado numerosas investigações de caráter multidisciplinar com o objetivo de entender nuances do comportamento de consumo humano, especialmente identificar as opiniões das pessoas sobre produtos e serviços. A partir do Behavioral Perspective Model (BPM), análises do comportamento do consumidor podem ser realizadas considerando variáveis antecedentes (cenário do comportamento e história de aprendizagem do consumidor) e consequências (reforços e punições, utilitários e informativos) à ocorrência do comportamento. A presente tese investigou o comportamento de consumo no contexto do turismo, com o BPM como suporte teórico para interpretações de dados verbais extraídos de comentários disponíveis no TripAdvisor®, website do setor. Para tanto, analisaram-se as respostas verbais de turistas-consumidores no processo de “opinar on-line” sobre componentes de produtos turísticos (especificamente, acomodações – ACO, restaurantes – RES e atrações – ATR). Os participantes da pesquisa foram os indivíduos (desconhecidos) que, entre o início de fevereiro e o final de março de 2017, emitiram, no TripAdvisor®, 6.438.497 comentários distribuídos entre os 100 destinos turísticos brasileiros mais avaliados. Descrita em dois estudos (Estudo 1 [E1] e Estudo 2 [E2]), a pesquisa de tese se propôs a: a) extração e análise de informações verbais (comentários) dos turistas com base na técnica computacional Análise de Sentimentos (AS); extração do número de indicações avaliativas dos componentes do produto turístico (ACO, RES e ATR) emitidas por turistas-consumidores com diferentes status como TripColaboradores; extração do número de votos úteis (Likes) nos comentários; b) descrever o responder avaliativo polarizado atribuído aos 100 destinos turísticos avaliados e analisar interpretativamente tal responder a partir do BPM. O E1 resultou no desenvolvimento da ferramenta SentimentALL, com foco no módulo de AS, e na geração das variáveis primárias exploradas no E2 (n = 197). No E2, dados gerados no E1 e medidas derivadas foram explorados (descritos em rankings e análises de correlação) e interpretados com recurso ao referencial conceitual do BPM. De caráter fundamentalmente exploratório, o esforço interpretativo sugeriu linhas profícuas de pesquisa e a utilidade da integração entre conhecimentos computacionais e psicológicos.

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In order to explain the behavior of a job search from the application of a theory of consumer behavior - Behavioral Perspective Model- BPM and choice, this study aimed at reviewing fundamental concepts of Personnel Management that over time has suffered adaptations in tis theoretical content due to the flexibility that the world has presented and from the organizational theories of the Experimental Analysis of behavior (Skinner,1957), Choice and behavioral Perspective Model is a theoretical proposal by Foxall (1990) which puts consumer behavior in intersection with consumer informative background and utilitarian variables. It was attempted to apply this model to the job search, which is an emerging issue in the country due to the increased demand for qualified professionals versus the requirement of professionals in choosing a workplace that offers better conditions, professionals looking for employment will be understood as the consumer of this service, while employment and the variables involved in it. The used methodology consisted of an analysis of these behaviors through an experimental procedure performed on investigative scale format split in three phases, applied to 300 participants, where attributes such as knowledge and quality of the interested organization were assessed during the job search, attributes of importance for professionals seeking employment and evaluation of weights assigned to these attributes. The results were analyzed using the software Statistical Package For Social Sciences 12.0, which provided expertise and medium quality (MCQ) and the attributes of interest. The data presented showed appreciation for workers both for employees and for the unemployed, on attributes that promote jobs that offer better conditions. While the unemployed look for a company that values them, those who are already employed expect their company to give them internally providing them with opportunities for growth and internal development.
Com o objetivo de explicar o comportamento de procura por emprego a partir da aplicação de uma teoria de comportamento do consumidor Behavioral Perspective Model-BPM e escolha, este estudo propôs revisar conceitos fundamentais da Gestão de Pessoas que ao longo do tempo tem sofrido adaptação em seu conteúdo teórico em função da flexibilidade que o mundo organizacional tem apresentado e das teorias da Análise Experimental do Comportamento (Skinner, 1957), Escolha e Behavioral Perspective Model que é uma proposta teórica apresentada por Foxall (1990) que coloca o comportamento do consumidor em interseção com o cenário de consumo e variáveis informativas e utilitárias. Tentou-se aplicar este modelo à procura por emprego que é um tema emergente no país em função do aumento da demanda de profissionais qualificados versus a exigência desses profissionais na escolha de um local de trabalho que ofereça cada vez melhores condições, o profissional em busca do emprego será entendido enquanto o consumidor deste serviço o emprego e as variáveis nele envolvidas. A metodologia empregada consistiu em uma análise desses comportamentos através de um procedimento experimental desenvolvido em formato de escala investigativa dividida em três fases, aplicada a 300 participantes onde foram avaliados atributos de conhecimento e qualidade da organização de interesse durante a procura por emprego, atributos de importância para o profissional em busca de emprego e avaliação de pesos atribuídos a esses atributos. Os resultados foram analisados por meio do programa Statistical Package For Social Sciences 12.0, que proporcionou médias de conhecimento e qualidade (MCQ) e dos atributos de interesse. Os dados demonstraram a valorização apresentada pelos trabalhadores tanto para os empregados quanto para os desempregados em atributos que favoreçam empregos que ofereçam melhores condições. Enquanto os desempregados buscam uma empresa que os valorize, os que já estão empregados esperam que sua empresa possa valorizá-los internamente, proporcionando a eles oportunidades de crescimento e desenvolvimento interno.

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The research in the area of study of consumer behavior is related to the multidisciplinarity of this area, when you speak of food consumption, several studies seek to analyze the influence of advertising on the food choice of people. Analysis has also been realized in order to check the children’s preference as consumers of food and beverages. Within the behavioral perspective studies have been carried out using the Foxall model of the BPM (Behavior Perspective Model) seeking to understand consumer behavior by the threefold contingency from the analysis of its elements: antecedent, response and consequent. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of advertising exposure on the choice of children for beverages, as well as the effect of the number of alternatives available during the choice through the use of the BPM model. An experiment was carried out with 16 children of both sexes, aged between 10 and 12 years old, using a board game and presenting drinks advertisements: juice, soda and a toy advertisement. The participants were divided into four groups; for each group, one of the advertisements was presented before the beginning of the game, when they had to make the choice between juice or soda during 20 trials in each session, and two sessions were held. The results showed that the advertisements had no influence on the participants' choices, because, regardless of the advertisement, the children showed a preference for juice instead of the refrigerant. The number of alternative choices presented in format for group four seems to have exerted influence on the choices during the trials.
A pesquisa sobre o campo de estudo do comportamento do consumidor está relacionada à multidisciplinaridade desse campo, em se tratando de consumo alimentar diversas pesquisas buscam analisar a influência da propaganda na escolha alimentar das pessoas. Análise também tem sido realizadas a fim de verificar a preferência de escolha das crianças en quanto consumidoras de alimentos e bebidas. Dentro da perspectiva comportamental estudos tem sido realizados utilizando o modelo de Foxall o BPM (Behavior Perspective Model) procurando entender o comportamento do consumidor pela vertente da tríplice contingência a partir da análise de seus elementos: antecedente, resposta e consequente. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar os efeitos da exposição de propagandas sobre a preferência de escolha de crianças por bebidas, bem como, o efeito do número de alternativas disponibilizadas durante a escolha através da utilização do modelo BPM. Para tanto foi realizado um experimento com 16 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 12 anos, com a utilização de um jogo de tabuleiro e apresentação de propagandas de bebidas: suco, refrigerante e uma propaganda de brinquedo. Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos, para cada grupo foi apresentado uma das propaganda antes do início do jogo, quando os mesmos teriam que fazer a escolha entre suco ou refrigerante durante 20 tentativas em cada sessão, sendo que foram realizadas duas sessões. Os resultados demonstraram que as propagandas não exerceram influência nas escolhas dos participantes, pois independente da propaganda exibida, as crianças demonstraram preferência pelo suco em detrimento ao refrigerante. O número de alternativas de escolhas apresentado em formato para o grupo quatro, parece ter exercido influência nas escolhas durante as tentativas.

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A proposal of functional analysis of decision behavior was constructed, based on the Behavioral Decision Model (BDM). Because it is generic, it is expected that the BDM will be used in the functional analysis of decision-making behavior in public and private organizations, in the areas of finance, production, marketing and human resources. Initially, in the public sphere, referring to human resources management, the BDM was used to verify the influence of the type of contingency scenario and previous history of resolution of managerial problems in the decision-making behavior of coordinators / sub-coordinators in a undergraduate course of a public higher education institution. Therefore, in this experimental study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, a data collection instrument was developed, called the Online Socio Demographic Profile Form, Instructional Repertory and Contingency Scenarios, which was applied specifically to professors of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), who already acted or acted at the time of data collection, in the position of coordinator or sub-coordinator of undergraduate course. This instrument allowed to collect data to verify if the type of contingency scenario (closed and open), experience in the position and self-observation (reporting) of knowledge of regulations (previous history of resolution of managerial problems), influences on decision-making behavior of these coordinators / sub-coordinators in the face of simple, routine, well-defined, known problem situations (closed contingency scenario - scheduled decisions) and singular, specific, complex, ill-defined, unknown problem situations (open contingency scenario - unscheduled decisions). The results found by means of the analyzes, chi-square test, correspondence analysis, bidirectional Gower distance matrix scaling, Pearson coefficient correlation, absolute and percent frequency analysis, Fisher LSD test and tree map, demonstrated that the type of contingency scenario and previous history of resolution of management problems, influenced the decision-making behavior of the coordinators / sub-coordinators of undergraduate courses. The results found by means of the analyzes, chi-square test, correspondence analysis, bidirectional Gower distance matrix scaling, Pearson coefficient correlation, absolute and percent frequency analysis, Fisher LSD test and tree map, demonstrated that the type of contingency scenario and previous history of resolution of management problems, influenced the decision-making behavior of the coordinators / sub-coordinators of undergraduate courses. The results also showed inconsistency in the relationship between saying (verbal behavior - self-observation report) and the doing (non-verbal behavior - decisions made) of the coordinators / sub-coordinators, related to the experience in the position and / or knowledge of regulations (instructional repertoire) In the decisions taken, in the face of closed and open contingency scenarios. Based on the results found, it is noticed that most of the teachers who have already acted or were acting as coordinator or sub-coordinator at the time of data collection are not properly prepared to act in the position, they need training, since decisions taken Inadequate (without legal support), can cause losses to students, to the institution (UFG) and to the coordinators / sub-coordinators themselves, who can respond to Administrative Disciplinary Process (ADP) and be held responsible for such decisions. Researchers, behavior analysts, managers, among others interested in decision-making, administration, public administration, behavioral psychology, etc., are expected to use BDM in future research, for example to verify the influence of reinforcing stimuli (positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement) and aversive (positive punishment, negative punishment) in decision behavior, element of the model that was not used in the research.
Foi construída uma proposta de análise funcional do comportamento de decisão, a partir do Modelo Comportamental de Decisão - MCD. Por ser genérico, espera que o MCD seja utilizado na análise funcional do comportamento de decisão, em organizações públicas e privadas, nas áreas de finanças, produção, marketing e recursos humanos. A princípio, no âmbito público, referente à gestão de recursos humanos, o MCD foi utilizado com o objetivo de, verificar a influência do tipo de cenário de contingência e história prévia de resolução de problemas gerenciais, no comportamento de decisão de coordenadores / subcoordenadores de curso de graduação de uma instituição de ensino superior pública. Em vista disso, neste estudo experimental com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, foi elaborado um instrumento de coleta de dados, denominado Formulário online Perfil Sócio Demográfico, Repertório Instrucional e Cenários de Contingência, o qual foi aplicado especificamente em docentes da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), que já atuaram ou atuavam no momento da coleta de dados, no cargo de coordenador ou subcoordenador de curso de graduação. Esse instrumento, permitiu coletar dados para verificar se, o tipo de cenário de contingência (fechada e aberta), experiência no cargo e auto-observação (relato) de conhecimento de regulamentos (história prévia de resolução de problemas gerenciais), influencia no comportamento de decisão desses coordenadores / subcoordenadores, diante de situações problemas simples, rotineiras, bem definidas, conhecidas (cenário de contingência fechada - decisões programadas) e situações problemas singulares, específicas, complexas, mal definidas, desconhecidas (cenário de contingência aberta - decisões não programadas). Os resultados encontrados mediante as análises, teste qui-quadrado, análise de correspondência, escalonamento bidimensional da matriz de distâncias de Gower, correlação pelo coeficiente de Pearson, análise de frequência absoluta e percentual, teste LSD de Fisher e mapa de árvore, demonstraram que o tipo de cenário de contingência e história previa de resolução de problemas gerenciais, influenciou no comportamento de decisão dos coordenadores / subcoordenadores de cursos de graduação. Os resultados também mostraram, inconsistência na relação entre o dizer (comportamento verbal - relato de auto-observação) e o fazer (comportamento não-verbal - decisões tomadas) dos coordenadores / subcoordenadores, relativo a experiência no cargo e/ou conhecimento dos regulamentos (repertório instrucional) nas decisões tomadas, diante dos cenários de contingência fechada e aberta. Com base nos resultados encontrados, percebe-se que a maior parte dos docentes, que já atuaram ou estavam atuando como coordenador ou subcoordenador no momento da coleta de dados, não estão devidamente preparados para atuarem no cargo, necessitam de treinamento, uma vez que decisões tomadas de forma inadequada (desprovida de respaldo legal), pode acarretar em prejuízos aos discentes, a instituição (UFG) e aos próprios coordenadores / subcoordenadores, que podem responder à Processo Administrativo Disciplinar (PAD) e se responsabilizarem por essas decisões. Espera que pesquisadores, analistas do comportamento, gestores, dentre outros interessados no estudo da decisão, da administração, administração pública, psicologia comportamental etc., utilizem o MCD em pesquisas futuras, por exemplo para verificar a influência de estímulos reforçadores (reforço positivo, reforço negativo) e aversivos (punição positiva, punição negativa) no comportamento de decisão, elemento do modelo que não foi utilizado na pesquisa.

Cyberbullying, defined as any behavior performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicates hostile or aggressive messages intended to inflict harm or discomfort on others, is a widespread problem. Bystanders play an integral role in the initiation, maintenance, and prolonged presence of such aggressive behaviors, but have thus far been overlooked in cyberbullying literature. Cyberbullying bystanders are defined in this study as those who witness cyberbullying, either within or outside their personal social network(s) and whose available responses range from inaction to intervention. Operating from a social-ecological perspective and guided by multiple goals theories, this study used focus group methodology and found that cyberbullying bystanders have an impact on perpetration and victimization by way of multiple, distinct goals, which impact their choice of behavioral response. Bystanders’ goals and behaviors served to inform the creation of a cyberbullying bystander typology inclusive of five types: the oblivious/distant bystander, the entertained bystander, the conspiring bystander, the unintentional instigating bystander, and the active/empowered bystander. By allowing a thorough, nuanced understanding of bystanders’ role in cyberbullying, the study has significant implications for communication theory and practical application in the development of prevention and intervention efforts.

Projects have become a key strategic working form and it has been shown that all industries can benefit from project-based working. Each project is unique and present different challenges to managers, which requires good project management skills in order to face these chal-lenges. These skills are referred to as the science and art of project management. The science consists of skills in using different tools and techniques and the artistry refers to skills in practising leadership, which some researchers argue is the most important quality for manag-ers to posses. Since each project is a new situation, project manager s needs to be able to adapt their leadership style to the unique situation of the project. This way of exploring leadership has been done in the Situational Leadership Model originally developed by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard. The interaction between a leader’s behaviour and the situational factors, ability and willingness, of the members are em-phasized.

The purpose of this study is to study project management from a situ-ational leadership perspective, using the Situational Leadership Model.

The empirical research was conducted through interviews made with representatives from four different companies located in or just outside the city of Jönköping. The representatives included one project leader from each company as well as one or two project members.

The study showed that the Situational Leadership Model was able to predict the appropriate leadership behavior to adopt. Even though it was able to predict the appropriate behavior, it was not adopted in all projects. Two of the five project members were confronted with a faulty leadership behavior.

Food waste has been a worldwide concern for several decades but this problem is relatively new in the Malaysian context due to the increasing amount of food waste in recent years. Thus, the goal of the study is to provide the basic information of knowledge and involvement level, and their interaction in food waste prevention among households in Malaysia. This study seek to further mass communication research in the area of food waste. The Hallahan’s Issues Processes Model was used within this study in order to determine the relationship between knowledge, involvement, and food waste prevention behavior. The convenience sampling method was adopted and the surveys were conducted using the online survey tool, Qualtric. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.00 software. The results supported the hypotheses that the level of knowledge has a positive impact on food waste behavior only if the household’s involvement is high and vice versa. According to this model, Malaysian households fall under the category of an active audience, because they recognize the negative consequences and their acceptance that food waste prevention is personally relevant in their daily life. The findings of this study contribute further recommendations for government campaign that could focus on enhancing household planning skills and routines when it comes to the food preparation. Furthermore, the need for educational campaign against food waste should focus on selected information such as demographic background and presented in mass media to stimulate model behavior in the households.

Abstract Increasingly, organizations and individuals rely upon technologies and networks more and more. Likewise, these environments are infested with more dangers, which could be avoided if computer users were to follow general security guidelines or procedures. Despite the ever-increasing threat, little research has addressed or explained why individuals purposefully engage in behaviors that make them more vulnerable to these threats, rather than avoiding or protecting themselves from such threats. Despite the advantage that could be afforded by understanding the motivations behind such behaviors, research addressing these behaviors is lacking or focused on very specific theoretical bases. This dissertation addresses this research gap by focusing on security-related behaviors that have yet to be addressed in this research stream, and by using novel theoretical perspectives that increase our insight into these types of behaviors. Four studies (n =  1,430) are tested and reported here that support the four behaviors and theoretical perspectives that are of focus in this dissertation. By considering additional theories, constructs, and theoretical perspectives, this dissertation provides several important contributions to security-related behaviors. The results of this study provide new insights into the motivations behind the purposeful enactment of behaviors that increase one’s vulnerability to technological threats and risks
Tiivistelmä Organisaatiot ja ihmiset ovat yhä enenevissä määrin riippuvaisia teknologiasta ja tietoverkoista. Tällöin he myös kohtaavat entistä enemmän tietoturvariskejä, joita olisi mahdollista välttää noudattamalla tietoturvaohjeita ja -politiikkoja. Huolimatta näistä jatkuvasti yleistyvistä riskeistä, tähän mennessä ei juurikaan ole tehty tutkimusta, joka selittää ihmisten tietoista tietoturvaohjeiden ja -politiikkojen laiminlyöntiä, joka altistaa heidät tietoturvariskeille. Aikaisempi ihmisten tietoturvakäyttäytymisen syiden ymmärtämiseen keskittyvä tutkimus tarkastelee ilmiötä yksipuolisesti tiettyihin teoreettisiin lähtökohtiin nojautuen. Tämä väitöskirjatyö tarkastelee ihmisten tietoturvakäyttäytymisen syitä uudesta teoreettisesta näkökulmasta. Väitöskirja sisältää neljä tutkimusta (n = 1430), jotka tarkastelevat erityyppistä tietoturvakäyttäytymistä erilaisista teoreettisista lähtökohdista. Väitöskirja täydentää olemassa olevaa tietoturvakäyttäytymisen tutkimusta uusien teorioiden, käsitteiden ja teoreettisten näkökulmien avulla

The current dissertation tested a model based on a systems perspective, where inflammation was hypothesized to mediate the influence of diet and physical condition on quality of life (base model) in a nationally representative U.S. dataset (NHANES). Three additional hypotheses, regarding social support (The Buffering Hypothesis), early microbial exposure (The Hygiene Hypothesis) and life history theory (The Tradeoff Hypothesis) were tested utilizing the base model. All analysis utilized a structural equation model. This study focused on objective measurements for dietary behavior and physical activity utilizing blood serum values of nutrients and metabolic markers and anthropometric data as well as blood serum concentrations of CRP and white blood cell count. Quality of life was assessed with the number of limitations in daily living, the number of days that were affected by mental, emotional and physical limitations and the self-reported general health condition. The hypothesized model fit well to the data and the results revealed that lower intake of healthy nutrients and reduced physical condition both predicted decreased quality of life, as mediated by inflammation and explained 31.9 % of the variation in quality of life (R² = .319, p<.001). Social support further predicted quality of life directly (β = .417, p<.001) and indirectly through dietary behavior and inflammation (β = -.106, p<.001), microbial exposure significantly moderated the relation between inflammation and quality of life (β = -.127, p<.001) and higher reproductive effort predicted lower intake of vital nutrients (β = .316, p<.001), physical condition (β = .352, p<.001) and subsequent inflammation. Reproductive effort also directly predicted reduced quality of life (β = .278, p<.001). These analyses indicated that inflammation can be considered a strong mediator between lifestyle factors and resulting quality of life and that social support, microbial exposure and reproductive effort each added unique predictive value to this model.

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Consumer behavior is a key part of living in our society: Modern life is typically expressed in consumer acts. Consumer behavior is traditionally studied by the Marketing field, a field that takes into account knowledge of other sciences to enhance their comprehension of this specific behavior. This project s goal was to investigate consumer behavior from a radical behaviorist perspective according to the principles of Consumer Behavior Analysis, an approach that brings together the theories and findings of marketing and behavior analysis/behavioral economics. The present work s objectives were: (1) to verify the possibility of identifying the patterns that lead consumers to build a repertoire /subset of brands of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) through the analysis of the value of utilitarian and informative reinforcers embedded in the products consumed by a group of consumers; (2) to verify if consumers behaviors are influenced by the same level of utilitarian and informational reinforcers, when the analysis is applied to different product categories of specific consumers (3) to test for generality of the study s finding by comparing its results with studies conducted in a different country (England). The major goal of marketing executives is to conquer as much loyal consumers as possible ( loyalty in marketing terms is defined as having a consumer making 100% of his/hers product choices in one specific brand within a product category), but purchasers of fast-moving consumer goods generally exhibit a multi-brand choice. Previous researches showed that consumers tend to select their purchases apparently randomly within a small subset or repertoire of already known and trusted brands. Using panel data for the purchases of 134 consumers buying four product categories of FMCG (deodorant, soap, soda, and cookies) over a 52-week period, the following results were found: (a) the number of loyal consumers was higher than expected from results of previous studies, (b) by using the concepts of utilitarian and informational reinforcers it was possible to identify a pattern that seems to characterize how consumers put together their brand repertoire, (c) that the product brand (a feature correlated with informational reinforcer) seems to exert a stronger influence over the consumers choices than do the products attributes (correlated with utilitarian reinforcers) for the consumption of the products analyzed in the present study, and (d) that the relevance of utilitarian and informative reinforcers vary among product categories as a determinant of the consumer s choice
O comportamento de consumir é parte integrante da vida de nossa sociedade. Poderíamos até assumir que a vida moderna é mais tipicamente expressa em atos de consumo. O ramo de estudo que tradicionalmente se dedica ao comportamento de consumo é o Marketing, que usualmente recorre a outras ciências para enriquecer e/ ou embasar o processo de compreensão deste comportamento. Este estudo buscou investigar o comportamento de consumir através de uma perspectiva Behaviorista Radical, partindo dos pressupostos propostos pela Análise do Comportamento e seu campo Behavioral Economics. A partir destes pressupostos, buscou-se: (1) averiguar se é possível, a partir dos conceitos de reforço utilitário e reforço informativo, encontrar um padrão na composição do repertório de marcas (escolhas de marcas) dos consumidores, na compra de produtos de uso freqüente, (2) averiguar se os mesmos critérios de escolha (quanto a reforço informativo e reforço utilitário) se aplicam as diferentes categorias de produtos pesquisadas, quando se analisa o comportamento de um consumidor comprando diferentes categorias de produtos. Alem de, aproveitar a oportunidade para (3) comparar os resultados obtidos com outras pesquisas anteriormente realizadas em outros paises. Para tanto, coletou-se, via parceria com instituto de pesquisa, os dados do histórico de compra de todos os produtos consumidos nas categorias de Biscoito Recheado, Desodorante, Detergente em Pó para Roupas e Refrigerantes, de 134 domicílios, durante o período de 52 semanas. O principal objetivo dos gestores de marketing é conquistar o maior numero de consumidores fiéis, ou seja, que realizam todas as compras de uma determinada categoria em uma única marca. A grande maioria dos consumidores, no entanto, apresenta um padrão de consumir diversas marcas dentro de uma mesma categoria de produto. Estudos anteriores mostraram que as escolhas das marcas, e conseqüentemente dos produtos, ocorrem levando em consideração não a totalidade de opções de produtos oferecidas pelo mercado dentro de cada categoria e sim a partir de um repertório de marcas de consideração composto pelo consumidor. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que: (a) o número de consumidores fiéis foi mais alto do que o encontrado em outras pesquisas, (b) mesmo comprando distintas marcas foi possível identificar um padrão nas escolhas de consumo, e conseqüentemente, da composição do repertório de marcas de consideração dos consumidores, (c) que estas escolhas tendem a levar mais em consideração as marcas do que os atributos dos produtos e (d) que o peso dos critérios de consideração (níveis de reforços utilitários e informativos) varia a depender da categoria de produto

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Consumer behavior is a key issue in modern society and one of the pillars of occidental economies. This research investigated consumer behavior for beverages (beer, soda and juice) through the analysis of one year choices for 423 consumers in the city of Sao Paulo. Such choices were analyzed according to a model (the Behavioral Perspective Model) developed by Gordon Foxall. This model split the benefits (reinforcements) of the brands in both utilitarian and informative and it was created based on Behavior Analysis interpretation of behavior. This study aimed to understand how these benefits (utilitarian and informative) control consumer choices, identifying the levels of loyalty and fidelity of consumers to these benefits. The findings confirm some patterns previously discovered in past studies: a) there was considerable loyalty towards high informative benefits; b) there was considerable loyalty towards low utilitarian benefits; c) loyalty towards specific utilitarian and informative levels were slightly superior to the one s previously identified in other similar studies; d) price did not appeared as a relevant factor in determining brand volume of each main category brand
O comportamento de consumo é um assunto-chave na sociedade atual, sendo há muito um dos principais motores das economias ocidentais ou das economicamente ocidentalizadas. Esta pesquisa investigou o comportamento de consumo de bebidas (cerveja, refrigerante e suco), em São Paulo, pela análise das escolhas de 423 consumidores durante 1 ano (8 meses para suco). Essas escolhas foram analisadas com o emprego de um modelo o Behavioral Perspective Model (ou o Modelo na Perspectiva Comportamental) elaborado por Gordon Foxall. Este modelo divide os benefícios das marcas em utilitários e informativos e foi montado com base na forma como a Análise do Comportamento enxerga o comportamento. Este estudo buscou entender como esses reforços (benefícios) utilitários e informativos controlam as escolhas dos consumidores, identificando os níveis de lealdade e fidelidade dos consumidores a estes reforços. As descobertas confirmam alguns padrões identificados em estudos anteriores: a) houve grande lealdade a reforços informativos elevados; b) houve alta lealdade a reforços utilitários baixos; c) as medidas de lealdade a níveis específicos de reforços informativos e utilitários foram ligeiramente superiores às verificadas em estudos anteriores; d) preço não se mostrou um fator relevante na determinação do volume das principais marcas de cada categoria

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The vast majority of studies in the literature on the Consumer Behavior have assumed a method similar to a study design between groups considering a generic/abstract subject. The research objective is to perform an analysis of consumer behavior through the case study. To this end, it was assumed to remain focused on individual consumer behavior (considering an individual as a home), prioritize effectively behavioral information (which records the purchasing behavior and not made reported) and the functional relationships engendered. Then, we examine four households contained in a Consumer Panel provided by the group Latin Panel during each week of 2003, analyzing how buying patterns for four categories of products (laundry detergent, deodorant, cookie and soft drink) took place. Picked up two households in the class AB (one without child and the other with child) and two households in the class DE (also one without child and the other with child). The results showed that the purchasing patterns varied depending on each product, i.e. the purchasing patterns of a family was composed by the conjunction of four different patterns of each product reviewed. For laundry detergent, households without children took an average of 43.61% more than those with children and were the ones who spent a year the highest value in this category. For deodorant, all households had very few episodes of purchase and prioritized products IR type 3. For biscuits, the numbers of households had similar episodes of purchase, bought more items from the UR type 1 and IR type 3. Already, the soft drink product category was the most bought, so when one considers the number of times purchased, as the number of episodes and also the total amount spent. It was seen that the presence of children is a factor that appears to increase the purchase of soft drink by buying opportunity and the total volume purchased. The homes were shown, many times, more faithful to manufacturers than to brands, ranging from marks made by the same manufacturer, mainly products for laundry detergent and deodorant. However, had it been cases, too, especially the cookies that all products purchased from that manufacturer were the same brand. Nevertheless, even in households that were able to identify "preferences" varied between brands within a product category. With this research, we can say that it met most of this method (case study) applied to the Consumer Behavior with an instrument, a Panel of Consumption, than was known before. However, for such a study is detailed, more individual information is required
A grande maioria das pesquisas encontradas na literatura sobre o Comportamento do Consumidor tem assumido um método de estudo semelhante a um delineamento entre grupos considerando-se um sujeito genérico/abstrato. Diante disso, objetivou-se realizar uma análise do comportamento do consumidor por meio do estudo de caso. Para tanto, assumiu-se manter o foco sobre comportamentos de consumo individuais (considerando um indivíduo como um domicílio), priorizando informações efetivamente comportamentais (que registrasse o comportamento de compra efetuado e não o relatado) e nas relações funcionais engendradas. Então, escolheram-se quatro domicílios constantes de um Painel de Consumo fornecido pelo grupo Latin Panel durante todas as semanas do ano de 2003, analisando-se como os padrões de compra para quatro categorias de produtos (detergente para roupa, desodorante, biscoito doce recheado e refrigerante) se davam. Escolheram-se dois domicílios da classe AB (um sem criança e o outro com criança) e dois da classe DE, também um sem criança e o outro com criança. Os resultados apontaram que o padrão de compras variou a depender de cada produto, ou seja, o padrão de compras de uma família foi composto pela conjunção de quatro padrões diferentes de cada produto analisado. Para detergente para roupa, os domicílios sem crianças levaram em média 43,61% a mais do que os com crianças e foram os que gastaram por ano o maior valor nesta categoria. Para o produto desodorante, todos os domicílios tiveram pouquíssimos episódios de compra e priorizaram produtos de RI do tipo 3. Para biscoitos, os domicílios tiveram números de episódios de compra semelhantes, compraram mais itens de RU do tipo 1 e RI do tipo 3. Já, o produto refrigerante foi a categoria mais comprada, tanto quando se considera o número de vezes compradas, quanto o número de episódios e, também, o preço total gasto. Viu-se que a presença de crianças é um fator que parece aumentar a compra de refrigerante por oportunidade de compra e o volume total adquirido. Os domicílios se mostraram, por muitas vezes, mais fiéis aos fabricantes do que às marcas, variando entre marcas confeccionadas pelo mesmo fabricante, principalmente para os produtos detergentes para roupa e desodorante. Contudo, tiveram-se casos, também, destacando-se os produtos biscoito doce recheado em que todos os produtos comprados daquele fabricante foram da mesma marca. Apesar disso, mesmo os domicílios em que foi possível identificar preferências , variaram entre marcas dentro de uma mesma categoria de produto. Com a presente pesquisa, pode-se dizer que se conheceu mais desse método (estudo de caso) aplicado ao Comportamento do Consumidor tendo como instrumento, um Painel de Consumo, do que se conhecia outrora. Entretanto, para que um estudo dessa natureza seja pormenorizado, mais informações individuais são necessárias

A major concern for most leadership development teams is aligning training and development goals to desired outcomes, especially when looking at overall costs to plan and implement effective training programs. Leadership training in healthcare is increasing due to the complexity of duties and the need to deal with conflicting situations on a regular basis. This study explored whether goals and assessment instruments identified and applied by program development managers were adequate to reflect a multi-frame perspective, and whether participant feedback articulates benefits encompassing multiple frames. Four main questions were used in the study: “What potential benefits do leadership development staff who select, design, and evaluate training articulate; and do they capture a multi-frame perspective? How do the goals of the program development managers align with the assessment of evaluation instruments, and do the assessments reflect a multi-frame perspective? How does the perception of training benefits align with leadership development goals and multi-frame perspective? What effect does training in competencies such as, problem-solving, conflict management, and effective communication have on leaders in healthcare?” To highlight a potential link between behavior, change and organizations; Social Cognitive, Human Needs, and Systems Theories were utilized. A mixed-method design applying Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Descriptive Statistics was used. Results of the study indicate that the goals identified by leadership development do align with trainees outcomes in terms of: serving as a support mechanism to ensure effective team-building; facilitating growth towards promotion through education and effective feedback; and enhancing leadership core competencies such as, emotional intelligence, conflict management and communication skills.

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A busca por um melhor entendimento das variáveis que determinam o comportamento do consumidor tem sido um tema amplamente estudado por diversas áreas de atuação. Dos profissionais de marketing, aos economistas e psicólogos, o comportamento de comprar, usar e descartar artigos, serviços, idéias ou experiências tem envolvido a todos, seja por aspectos científicos e metodológicos, seja no desenvolvimento de uma atividade de trabalho. Sob uma perspectiva Behavorista Radical, este estudo buscou investigar a relação entre o dizer e o fazer para o comportamento de escolha de marcas, concentrando-se na análise do sujeito único. Para tanto foram colocadas duas questões: (1) averiguar se o dizer do consumidor em relação à compra de produtos específicos com marcas específicas é condizente com o fazer deste mesmo consumidor ao emitir o comportamento de compra destes produtos e marcas específicas e (2) averiguar se é possível encontrar um padrão entre o dizer do consumidor sobre o comportamento de compra em determinadas categorias e o comportamento efetivo de compra, a partir dos conceitos de reforço utilitário e informativo para cada situação. Para tanto foram coletados os dados de compra de 07 participantes a partir dos tickets de compras emitidos pelos estabelecimentos, durante um período mínimo de 20 semanas, para as categorias de Detergente em pó, Detergente líquido e Biscoito Doce. Para coleta do relato de compra, foi aplicada uma entrevista com cada participante após um período mínimo de dois meses do início da coleta do ticket de compra. Posteriormente, os dados de compra coletados foram comparados com os seguintes relatos de compra: freqüência de compra, amplitude de marca comprada, perfil de compra por nível de reforço informativo e utilitário geral e ao longo do período da pesquisa, preferência por uma marca, conhecimento de marca e compra declarada e razões de compra dentro da categoria. Este estudo pretende indicar alguns caminhos para a condução de um entendimento mais amplo dessa relação para o comportamento de escolha de marcas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: (a) houve uma maior incidência de compras para marcas classificadas com nível de reforço informativo 3, (b) não podemos afirmar que houve maior incidência de uma única combinação de nível de reforço informativo e utilitário, pois o perfil de compra por nível de reforço utilitário variou por participante e por categoria (c) há uma maior coerência entre o relato e o comportamento de compra observado para as marcas classificadas com nível informativo 3, (d) uma grande amplitude de marcas compradas dificulta o relato de conhecimento e costume de compra, (e) uma freqüência de compra menos espaçada (semanal) remete a uma melhor descrição do comportamento de compra (f) o consumidor relata com mais precisão os atributos do produtos (reforço utilitário) das marcas classificadas com nível de reforço informativo 3 do que as de nível informativo 2 e 1 e (g) houve uma maior correspondência entre o relato de compra e a compra efetiva, em primeiro lugar, para a categoria de Detergente líquido, seguida pela categoria de Detergente em pó e por último, a categoria de Biscoito Doce

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Consumers are driven by decisions that transcend the materiality of the products and services they consume. In a superficial analysis, there is a risk of translating consumer behavior only through its standard response or stated opinions, which may at first not fully reveal the complexity and fullness of its actual behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the convergences or divergences between the "say" of the consumers, as opposed to their actual behavior in fueling in practice. In addition, it was possible to understand in depth the factors considered, according to the consumers, to the choice of fuel stations and in establishing the correlation of the say-do, it is possible to interpret about the facts perspective, the real relevance of the factors initially declared. Based on these considerations and given the complexity of the theme, a mixed approach was used for the project research, characterized as a sequential exploratory project, which is based on the Qualitative and quantitative methodology research. The data were obtained by in-depth interviews, structured questionnaires and an application (app) developed for the purposes of this study. The results of the study showed a mismatch between the say-do consumers' on the choice of gas stations brands. The inputs and discussions may serve as a basis for future research in different categories and may instigate the reflection about the needs for new tools applied to marketing that allow to evaluate the intention and behavior of the consumer beyond declared discourse.
Os consumidores são movidos por decisões, que transcendem a materialidade dos produtos e serviços que consomem. Analisando superficialmente, há um risco de traduzirmos o comportamento do consumidor apenas através da sua resposta – padrão ou opiniões declaradas, que podem em um primeiro instante não revelar completamente a complexidade e plenitude do seu comportamento real. Este estudo apresenta como objetivo, identificar as convergências ou divergências entre o dizer dos consumidores de postos de combustíveis, em contraponto com o seu comportamento real no ato de abastecer na prática, o seu fazer. Além disso, entendeu-se em maior profundidade os fatores considerados, segundo o dizer dos consumidores, para a escolha de postos de combustíveis, e ao estabelecer a correlação do dizer-fazer, pode-se interpretar á luz dos fatos a real relevância dos fatores inicialmente declarados. Partindo dessas considerações e atribuído a complexidade do tema, para a pesquisa do projeto, foi utilizada uma abordagem mista, caracterizada como um projeto exploratório sequencial, que se baseia na metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. Foram empregados para obtenção dos dados, entrevistas em profundidade, questionários estruturados e aplicativo desenvolvido para fins deste trabalho. Os resultados do estudo mostraram uma não correspondência entre o dizer-fazer do consumidor, para a escolha de marcas para abastecimento em postos de combustíveis. Os insumos e discussões poderão servir como base para futuras pesquisas, em diferentes categorias, e poderão instigar a reflexão sobre a necessidade de novas ferramentas aplicadas ao marketing, que permitam considerar com a finalidade de avaliar a intenção e comportamento do consumidor, não somente as declarações ou o dizer dos indivíduos.

碩士
國立交通大學
傳播研究所
101
Evaluative conditioning has discovered that people would change attitude while irrelevant objects with neutral attitude and positive stimulus displayed simultaneously. This paper aims at modifying traditional evaluative conditioning experiment by measuring if people will alter implicit, explicit attitude and behavior through emotional stimulus emerging. Based on Iterative Reprocessing Model proposed by Cunningham &; Zelazo (2007), this paper will further disclose the relationship between implicit and explicit attitude. 　Two experiments in this paper treat valance and arousal as independent variables and adopt basic implicit association task (B-IAT) measuring implicit attitude. The result reveals that participants’ valence will interact with existed attitude and even their implicit attitude will also be changed at the moment when participants’ attitude on high/ low calorie food which is relevant to emotional stimulus has been treated as independent variable. However, their explicit attitude has no any differences comparing pre with post test no matter how the emotional stimulus has been manipulated. Fear appeal is used to declaring negative images will effectively alter one’s attitude, and this paper advanced exploring that the target may be more effective on neutral attitude participants. 　Besides, if the specific object is irrelevant to emotional stimulus and even randomly displayed only three times, they can also provoke participants to choose specific entity. The first experiment indicates that participant tends to choose yellow entity after attending positive stimulus with yellow background thoroughly but prolonging limited entity choosing time in the second experiment. Under the circumstance, evaluative conditioning effect will abate as time goes on.

碩士
國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
102
This study applied theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the effect among perceived playfulness, information richness, subject norm, behavioral attitude, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention. In this study, SPSS 17.0 statistical software was the tools for statistical analysis. In addition, our data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, validity analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows: “Perceived playfulness” had a significant positive effect on “behavioral attitude”. “Information richness” had a significant positive effect on “behavioral attitude”. “Subject norm” had a significant positive effect on “behavioral intention”. “Behavioral attitude” had a significant positive effect on “behavioral intention”. “Perceived behavioral control” had a significant positive effect on “behavioral intention”.

碩士
崑山科技大學
資訊管理研究所
102
Recently, the research on internet use in cooperative learning is highly focused since the rapid development of information technology. Cooperative learning and discussion through Network Learning Community is a growing research topic. However, researchers hardly ever construct blended collaborative learning theory of internet and face-to-face discussion. In this study, cooperative learning methods “Group Investigation，GI” was proposed. During the experiment, the same interested group was observed and surveyed twice during cooperative learning for a semester process. The research sample included 148 college students who took e-Marketing course, and total of 137 valid pair questionnaires were received. The results are as follows: (1)Face-to-Face Discussions and Network Learning Community for Interactive Discussions had positive impact on participation behavior. (2)Interactive Discussions had a positive impact on class performance.

碩士
長榮大學
經營管理研究所
96
A blog is a web page made up of usually short, frequently updated posts that are arranged chronologically--like a what''s new page or a journal. Blog content can be information exchange, commercial website, official documents, diaries or any life details. For high-tech personnel, the blog is not only a business communication platform, but also a technical discussion of the R & D field. Besides, it is one of the places to reduce the pressure. Accordingly, in the study, I take TAM model to analyze how the external variables affect the high-tech personnel to use blog and how the blog affects high-tech personnel’s attitudes and behavioral intentions when they use the blog. In this research, there were 171 effective questionnaires returned among 360 questionnaires distributed to the high-tech personnel within Taiwan. The data were analyzed by a variety of statistical methods, such as descriptive statistic, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and LISREL, etc. The conclusions of this study are： 1. There are three external variables in the study, and all of them affect EOU and U. Only Subjective Norm can’t affect EOU. 2. The system design and the characteristic of blog affect and predict U, EOU, A and the high-tech personnel’s BI. 3. EOU can affect and predict U. Also, both EOU and U can affect and predict the high-tech personnel’s A. 4. Both U and A can affect and predict the high-tech personnel’s BI.

碩士
長庚大學
資訊管理學系
104
Lack of physical activity has been increasing in many countries recently, leading to a higher risk of non-communicable diseases, so it is important to promote self management for physical activity. As mobile phone Apps are becoming mature, studies have suggested promoting physical activity and health management with Apps. As users' requirements in conducting health management via mobile phone Apps have been rarely investigated, the present study applies behavior change techniques to design functions for physical activity promotion. To explore user satisfaction with the designed functions, the present study adopted the KANO model to extract users' expectations that can provide guidance to develop physical activity promotion Apps. Our study data were collected via questionnaires. KANO analyses were conducted not only for all respondents but for respondents in specific sub-samples. Overall, behavioral demonstration by images and providing information on consequences of behaviour were considered as attractive functions. Specifically, six attractive functions were reported by the respondents with high usage intention. By dividing respondents into three groups by smartphone self-efficacy, analyses showed 15 attractive, one must-be and one one-dimentional functions for high self-efficacy, one attractive and one must-be function for middle self-efficacy, and none for the low group. In terms of physical activity level, three attractive functions were needed by the high group, one attractive and one must-be function by the middle group, and none by the low group. We also analyzed the effects of self-efficacy and physical activity level on the sub-sample of high intention, which suggested 14 attractive and three one-dimensional functions for the high self-efficacy group, five attractive and one must-be functions for the middle group but none for the low group. In terms of physical activity level, 15 attractive and one must-be functions were found for the high group, seven attractive functions for the middle group and two attractive functions were for the low group.

碩士
國立成功大學
企業管理學系
104
The popularity of wireless Internet and the global positioning system (GPS) has led to the development of location-based advertising (LBA). Such mobile advertising brings great commercial opportunities to both stores and companies. Stores can develop LBA applications on their own, or rely on application developers to increase their visibility, working with other stores in an alliance. However, LBA is different from traditional advertising, and the greatest difference is that it needs consumers’ real-time location to send the advertisements. This study thus uses the cognition-affect-behavior model as theoretical foundation, combined with the characteristics of LBA (including positive and negative dimensions) to discuss the influences of LBA on consumers’ emotional arousals (i.e. energetic arousal, tense arousal and pleasure) and their continued usage behaviors. The research subjects are consumers who have used LBA. Through an online survey, 579 valid questionnaires were collected. The result of SEM showed a high level of media richness, informativeness and credibility could yield utilitarian benefits, and thus influence energetic arousal; irritation would cause tense arousal, but privacy concerns has no impact on this. Moreover, energetic arousal and tense arousal have positive and negative impacts on pleasure, respectively, leading to continued usage behavior. In addition, this study uses delivery type (pull and push) as a moderator to investigate its influence on the relationship between the two arousals and pleasure. The results showed that the pull-and-push moderating effect is significant. Lastly, this study suggests that LBA application developers should work to enhance the media richness of LBA, and provide more related information to consumers. Moreover, their applications should combine various functions (e.g. being connected to social networks and allowing mobile payments) to retain existing customers and attract potential ones.

碩士
長榮大學
經營管理研究所
100
Social networking sites are now fully developed and matured, and system services are gradually becoming more diverse. These sites are a new transmission media that will continue to influence society in the future. Although the development of these sites has been extraordinarily rapid, few studies have examined college students in relationship to the sites. Therefore, this study examined college students as the primary research subject to better understanding the key factors influencing college students in using Facebook. Because Facebook is a system developed using information technology, this study used the technology acceptance model (TAM) suggested by Davis as a theoretical foundation for understanding students’ behavior in using Facebook. In addition, This study explored the dual information technology and transmission media nature of social networking sites. Finally, This study added the variables of media richness and perceived enjoyment to investigate their influence on college students’ use of Facebook. This study used snowball sampling to collect questionnaires. A total of 355 valid questionnaires were collected. This study used AMOS software to perform structural equation modeling analysis. The results indicate that media richness does not significantly influence usage attitudes. However, media richness, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and usage attitudes all significantly influenced behavioral intentions. These variables can be ordered based on their level of influence on behavioral intentions as follows: (1) usage attitudes; (2) perceived usefulness; (3) media richness; (4) perceived enjoyment; and (5) perceived ease of use. This indicates that these factors influence user attitudes and should be considered in future design and planning for social networking sites to attract college students. Finally, This study present practical suggestions based on our results for the operators of social networking sites. This study also provided directions for reference for future researchers.

碩士
崑山科技大學
企業管理研究所
107
With the changes of the times, the popularity of the Internet and mobile devices, the high dependence on smart phones and the high frequency of using LINE in Taiwan, companies have launched a variety of free sponsored sticker in order to communicate with consumers. It is easy to get free sticker. However, users who have not paid for the sticker are addicted to using sponsored LINE sticker. From then on, the huge potential of free sticker hiding can be seen. However, in order for companies to grasp the opportunities and formulate effective marketing strategies, they must first understand what affects the behavior intention of the sponsored LINE sticker users. This study, based the theory of technology acceptance model(TAM) and combined perceived enjoyment into belief construct of TAM, uses three variables of perceived belief (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment) to predict possible influence on behavior intention to use sponsored LINE sticker. Secondly, the external variable is characteristics of sponsored LINE sticker to analyze the impact on perceived belief. 438 LINE users as the samples, the regression analysis results show that: (1) Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on download and use intention. (2) Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on purchase intention. (3) Perceived ease of use has a positive effect on download and use intention. (4) Perceived ease of use has no effect on purchase intention. (5) Perceived enjoyment has a positive effect on download and use intention. (6) Perceived enjoyment has a positive effect on purchase intention. (7) Perceived ease of use has a positive effect on perceived usefulness. (8) Perceived enjoyment has a positive effect on perceived usefulness. (9) Perceived enjoyment has a positive effect on perceived ease of use. (10) In the characteristics of sponsored LINE sticker, interactive, playful and theme have a positive effect on perceived usefulness. (11) In the characteristics of sponsored LINE sticker, download conditions, playful and theme have a positive effect on perceived ease of use. (12) In the characteristics of sponsored LINE sticker, download conditions, interactive, playful and theme have a positive effect on perceived enjoyment. Finally, this study makes recommendations based on empirical results for companies of sponsored LINE sticker reference in the future.

碩士
國立交通大學
管理科學系所
98
The government aggressively has promoted E-government in Taiwan for many years; therefore, the ranking of Annual Global E-Government Study that has been completed by Brown University’s Taubman Center for Public Policy is outstanding. Taiwan’s government has made efforts in shortening the digital gap and has been moving toward the goal of achieving digital Taiwan. Recently, knowledge economics and the Internet are growing fast, so these two factors have prompted Taiwan’s government to reshape the paradigm of knowledge based government. As a result, the government of Taiwan is dedicated to promoting E-government learning. This paper proposes and verifies that the technology acceptance model ( TAM ) can be employed to explain and predict the acceptance of E-government learning. In addition to the original five constructs in TAM ( perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, behavior intension and actual usage), two identifying factors that account for the E-government learning concept ( perceived learning value and perceived enjoyment) have been added to enhance the explanatory power of the model. This paper studies the users of SME Online University, the first e-learning website developed for small and medium enterprises in Asia. An online questionnaire was conducted to collect data. The design of the questionnaire was based on TAM, the E-government learning concept and related literature. As a result, there are total of 307 effective data. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to examine the fit of data and the relationship between each variable in the model by using the LISREL software. The results of the data analysis shows that the data fit the extended TAM model well. Both perceived usefulness and ease of use are fundamental factors, especially perceived usefulness. Therefore, the government should stress the usefulness of E-government learning to enhance user usage behavior. In addition, perceived learning value has a great impact on perceived usefulness, so the government could enhance learning value to maximize the usefulness of E-government learning. In order to predict the user acceptance of E-government learning, this study adds two external constructs as mentioned, perceived learning value and perceived enjoyment. The predictive power of these two constructs shows that the new variables are significant. This research analyzes the user acceptance of E-government learning from a user’s perspective and shows critical factors influencing final usage; therefore, the results can provide the government with suggestions to promote Taiwan’s E-government learning level in the future and supply a more excellent learning platform for citizens.

碩士
淡江大學
國際貿易學系國際企業學碩士班
94
As the Internet grows rapidly in these years, there are a lot of information services on the internet. Nowadays, Blog is the popular way to communicate on the Internet after the prevalence of BBS ,e-mail and MSN. Therefore, the study attempts to use the revised TAM Model (Technology Acceptance Model) to explain Taiwanese Bloggers’ using behavior. Moreover, we applies the OSL(Optimum Stimulation Level) as a moderator and tries to find out the differences between the cluster of high and low OSL. To confirm this research, we analyze the survey samples by structural equation modeling. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Blog users’ relational perception (Relative Advantage, Communication Ability,Compatibility) will positively influence Blog users’ intention to use. 2. Relational perception toward blog will influence blog users’ perceived usefulness,and will further influence their intention to use. 3. Blog users with different level of OSL have diverse using behavior. To users with high OSL, blog’s ease to use and communication ability will directly affect bloggers’ intention to use positively. As for users with low OSL, communication ability and relative advantage of the blog will influence bloggers’ intention to use.

博士
中原大學
企業管理研究所
99
This study examines the bidirectional concepts of work-family conflict (WFC) and at the same time considers the negative impact of work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW) on job satisfaction and family satisfaction. Further, this study asserts that individuals’ personality traits help reduce perceived conflicts when they confront work-family conflicts. This study incorporates cognitive valuation factors (i.e. core self-evaluation and coping behavior) into past models of WFC to construct a model aimed at examining WFC from the cognitive valuation perspective. This study surveyed married and full-time employees from the top 1,000 manufacturers and top 500 service companies, according to a survey conducted by the Common Wealth Magazine in 2009. One thousand eight hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed and 526 were returned, representing a return rate of 28.9%. After excluding 85 single respondents and 24 respondents who did not complete the surveys questions, 417 valid samples were collected. Through statistical analyses such as reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and SEM confirmatory factor analysis, the investigation results demonstrated the following important findings。 (1) the higher the CSE, the lower the perception of WFC; 2) the higher the CSE, the lower the perception of WIF and FIW. The perception of conflict is determined by individuals’ subjective cognition. When individuals exhibit positive CSE, they adopt a universal method to handle different types of situations and the perceived conflict is reduced; 3) the effect of WIF on job satisfaction is higher than that on job satisfaction. This result indicates that the outcome variables of work and family conflicts are affected by specific domains; 5) since individuals with high CSE perceive lower FIW and higher degree of family satisfaction, FIW conflict can be alleviated due to individuals’ diversified work and family roles and they ultimately enjoy the happiness of family satisfaction; 6) problem-focused coping behavior can weaken the degree of reduction in family satisfaction caused by FIW. This result shows that problem-focused coping allows individuals to obtain a larger degree of satisfaction in the family domain；and 7) emotion- focused coping behavior can weaken the degree of reduction in work satisfaction caused by WIF. This result shows that emotion-focused coping allows individuals to obtain a larger degree of satisfaction in the work domain. Empirical results of this study can be used as reference for companies in terms of putting an emphasis on employees’ work-family conflict and establishing a human resource management system. Businesses should increase employees’ education training contents and counseling, as well as sharpen their ability to deal with stress and conflict. Employees with sound mental frame of mind can provide the momentum behind the sustained operations of a company. Applicants with higher self-attribute inclinations and higher self-determination can better support their living; coping can enhance the satisfaction level in the work and family domains.

碩士
長榮大學
高階管理碩士在職專班
99
With the popularization of internet application, the relationships and the ways of communication links between people have changed greatly. Internet users transform their role from one-way information receiver toward two-way communication, especially in the interactive Social Network Service (SNS) environment. This paper was conducted to explore the factors that Facebook users’ behavior intensions base on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This research applies the questionnaires to collect data, that distributed 719 valid samples were analyzed via SPSS. The results showed that: (1) Demographic variables have the positive influence on perceived usefulness of Facebook; (2) Demographic variables have the partly valid influence on perceived ease of use of Facebook; (3) Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use has the positive influence on behavior intention of Facebook; and (4) Perceived ease of use has the positive influence on perceived usefulness. Finally, based on the results, this study proposed the conclusions and some suggestions for internet businesses to refer to.

碩士
大仁科技大學
休閒事業管理研究所
102
The purposes of this study were to find out what the behaviors that international volunteers would have to prevent infectious diseases. As the places where international volunteers served are mostly in developing countries, it is likely that they will encounter a variety of infectious diseases. This study was based on health belief model, coupled with the investigation in how the knowledge of infectious diseases and self-awareness of health behavior as variables may affect the prevention behaviors. This study collected 315 valid questionnaires with purposive sampling method applied. The questionnaire consisted of Prevention Behavior Scale, Health Awareness Scale, and Scale of Knowledge in Infectious Diseases, aiming at understanding the prevention behaviors of international volunteers in regard to travelling infectious diseases. Data collected was analyzed by running SPSS12, including item analysis, factor analysis, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, crosstabs, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. The results had shown that the demographic variable had some significant impacts in prevention behaviors and health self-awareness. The correct rate of knowledge in infectious diseases was 51%, which showed that international volunteers had insufficient knowledge of infectious diseases/epidemic. They tended to obtain knowledge related travelling infectious diseases through mass media, family members, relatives or friends. The test results also indicated that there was significant correlation between the knowledge of infectious diseases and the health beliefs as well as prevention behaviors. The health beliefs and prevention behaviors in infectious diseases appeared to have positive correlation. Health beliefs seem to have positive influences on prevention behaviors regarding infectious diseases. Among the three variables: health beliefs, knowledge in infectious diseases, and health self-awareness, the last one, health self-awareness, had the most influence on prevention behaviors. We hope this study provides useful references to international volunteers for taking appropriate preventive actions prior to their travel abroad with goodwill. Additionally, it might serve as a source to help international volunteers to increase / reinforce their health self-awareness and knowledge of infectious diseases. It is hoped that volunteers can take care of their own health while providing services to needed people.

碩士
大同大學
工業設計學系(所)
103
Childhood is the most important stage for cognitive development and concrete operations. In addition to mental growth, children’s cognitive development must also rely on their interaction with the environment. During these interactions children use concrete experience and thinking to solve problems, and use concrete operations to assist cognition. Thus, childhood is the stage with the most plasticity and educability. Correct learning and education that guides accurate life perspectives, form individual behavior, and improve the quality of the public is a topic that governments in different nations should focus on. In addition to family and school education, libraries, as a social education institute, should bear educational, cultural, and dissemination responsibilities. At the same time, libraries should reflect local culture and strengths. The research intends to analyze, through field study and in-depth interview, the current condition of the Resource Center for Parents and Children of National Taiwan Library on the basis of Environment and Behavior study and service design. The result can serve as a reference for libraries and authorities for future studies on children education. The research found that: The use of environment and expectations: the distance between users’ homes and the library affects the frequency of utilizing children library. Providing an independent and age-differentiated environment along with diverse resources for children can not only fulfill post-school children’s needs in learning and reading, but also become an incentive that pushes users to utilize the library. This will help elevating children’s environmental affordances and their ability to learn independently and to explore the environment.

碩士
東海大學
管理碩士在職專班
98
In pervious researches in regards to the green products, which were generality focusing on green marketing and green purchasing fields. It is rarely to investigate the consumer behavior for particular goods. This study is exploring the motives of behavior intention for customers to purchase the green energy saving electronic goods. Our study is base on the beliefs of “energy saving and carbon reduced” and “cost saving”, considering the customers whom will purchase the green energy saving electronic goods. And moreover, the former researches of TRA、TPB and TAM are also applies as the basis theory for this study model. In order to probe the critical factors of customer’s intention behavior for purchasing. This paper adopted the “Energy saving of knowledge” and “Altruism “ from the personal factor , the “Moral judgment” from the moral factor and “Social norm” from the society factor as the exogenous variables in the research model. And the mediators are beliefs of “ energy saving and carbon reduction usefulness” and “perception saving”. This empirical study is collected the data from Taiwanese residents by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. And the conclusion is as follows: 1. The “energy saving and carbon reduction usefulness” and “perception saving” will positive effect to the “behavior intention”. 2. The” Energy saving knowledge” has not correlated to the ” energy saving and carbon reduction usefulness” and “perception saving”. 3. The “Altruism” will positive effect to the “ energy saving and carbon reduction usefulness” and “perception saving”. 4. The “Moral judgment “ has significant correlated to the ” energy saving and carbon reduction usefulness” and “perception saving”. 5. The” social norm “ has positive effected to the “ energy saving and carbon reduction usefulness” and “perception saving”.

碩士
淡江大學
國際企業學系碩士在職專班
106
According to a recent Alibaba’s Cross-Border E-Commerce Research report, global cross-border B2C e-commerce grows strongly at annual rate of 27%, estimated to reach 1 trillion USD by 2020. The online shopper population also grows strongly at estimated 21% annually, to reach 900 million by 2020. In addition, a recent study by the Institute in information industry of Taiwan found what triggers the motivation for purchase in global cross-border e-commerce are: (1) goods not available domestically, (2) cheaper pricing cross-border, (3) more choices of merchandises. Therefore the purpose of this study tries to elucidate whether the intention to purchase through cross-border e-commerce platforms by Taiwanese online shoppers follow the classical AIDA model and whether the attention, interest, and desire affect directly and significantly the intention to purchase through cross-border e-commerce platforms.   This study used SPSS 22.0 and LISREL 8.7 were employed as the data analysis software. There are two findings from the research: 1.Comsumer’s purchase intention toward cross-border e-commerce market in Taiwan will follow the traditional AIDA model. 2.Comsumer’s desire toward the cross-border e-commerce market in Taiwan has mediation effect, while attention and interest have no direct influence on the purchase intention.

碩士
長榮大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
106
This study was based on the literatures related to Taiwan construction industry, theory of planned behavior (TPB), green building materials, and green building materials evaluation factors. We screened twelve construction companies owner of Tainan for this study. This study applied analytic hierarchy process (AHP) questionnaires as research tool to collect data. Meantime, the reaearch methods adopted in this study were literature review, Delphi method, and AHP. Finally, the results of this study were following: 1.At the first level of dimension, “Use Attitude” (weight was 0.526) has the highest rating; follow by “Subjective Norm” (weight was 0.299) and “Perceived Behavioral Control” (weight was 0.175). 2.At the second level of evaluation factors, the top four ranked in the order as follow; “Exterior Design” (integration weight was 0.326), “Laws and Regulations” (integration weight was 0.163), “Brand Image” (integration weight was 0.138), and “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)” (integration weight was 0.090).

博士
國立雲林科技大學
企業管理博士班
100
Drawing on the social learning theory, social exchange theory and social identity theory, this study explores the effects of ethical leadership on the employees’ perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) from the perspective of trickle-down model. Participants of the study include supervisors and their subordinates since the research involves different hierarchical levels of the company. Thirty large companies constitute objects of the investigation for the reason that small and medium enterprises may not be appropriate for study due to their difficulty in implementing CSR activities. Finally, one hundred and twelve supervisors and their four hundred and thirty subordinates return the questionnaires. The study examines three ranking levels of top managers, supervisors and their employees; therefore, the analysis method is a three-level hierarchical linear model. The results reveal that the employees’ perceived CSR is positively related with their OCB. For the direct effect of cross levels, the top managers’ ethical leadership is positively related with the supervisors’ ethical leadership. Both the top managers’ and the supervisors’ ethical leadership positively influence the employee’s OCB, but only the top managers’ ethical leadership exerts positive effect on the employees’ perceived CSR. With regard to the trickle-down model of ethical leadership, the top managers’ ethical leadership positively influences the employees’ OCB through the supervisor’s ethical leadership which plays a mediating role to a partial extent. Considering the mediating effect of employee’s perceived CSR, the study suggests that top managers’ ethical leadership also positively influences the employees’ OCB through their perceived CSR which also plays a mediating role in a partial way. The results carry various managerial implications and suggest that companies should understand how to take advantage of ethical leadership and the employees’ perceived CSR to enhance their OCB.

碩士
實踐大學
企業管理研究所
94
With the development of broadband network over the last few years, people communication via Internet has been deemed as an important channel in 21st century. From the old-day telegram to today Instant Messenger, the great advancement of technology and Internet makes communication among people becomes diverse, prompt, and convenient. Examples include email, voice mail, e-paper, video conference, Instant Messenger, and Blog. This thesis is to explore the perception and acceptance of Internet users regarding web-based communication services via the technology acceptance model (TAM). Perceived playfulness, subjective norms, technology life style and innovative adopter category are added into the research framework to increase the explanatory power about how people perceive web-based communication services. MSN is taken as an example of the web-based communication services in this thesis. Following a 405-sample questionnaire survey, the empirical results lead to four conclusions. First, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Playfulness do not directly influence user willingness to continuously adopt web-based communication service. Second, different groups in terms of technology life style do affect Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Playfulness regarding web-based communication services. Third, the willingness of the adoption relating to web-based communication services does differ among innovative adopter categories, and the laggards have the lowest willingness to adopt web-based communication services. Fourth, the higher the willingness of continuously adopting web-based communication services the higher the use frequency and time. Keywords: Technology Acceptance Model、Web-Based Communication Service、Instant Messenger、 Technology Life Style、Adopter Category

碩士
國立東華大學
企業管理學系
101
The development of Internet technology makes people communicate or interact more efficient. The modern is not only easy to obtain and use the Internet, but also depends on the Internet in their life. The Facebook is the most popular social Website so far in Taiwan. Hence, the business benefit bring from plenty of users becomes a topic that is worth discussing. 　　By cluster analyzing, this research distinguishes all samples into three types of Internet users. Applying the concept of Elabroration Likelihood Model, this research expores the antecedent variables of trust by positive and negative factor. This research also adopts Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the proposed model and the structural model shows a good fit. Besides, the research tests the moderating effect of involvement of Website. 　　This research sample consists of 810 members who have used the Facebook at least half year. The results indicate: (1) Through cluster analysis of technological optimism, risk beliefs, and a sense of belonging, the Internet users can be classified into technology belonging type, risk awareness type, and casual comfortable type; (2) The different types of Internet users have different behaviors in this virtual community and different backgroud through multi-group analysis; (3) Whatever the types of Internet users are, they create desire to get information and desire to give information via member trust indeed; (4) People wouldn't generat information sharing behavior via desire to get information because of reciprocal relationship; (5) The users' involvement of the community Website has moderating effect between trust and intention.

碩士
國立政治大學
廣告研究所
96
It’s been a wide attention to the men’s skin care matkets in recent years. Many of the large cosmetic groups are developing skin care products specifically for men. After the year of 2000, men’s skin care markets around the world are enjoying double-digit growth every year. Also, based on the numbers, the growth of the entire cosmetic industry in these years has largely benefited from the emerging men’s skin care product consumers. The concept of male consumers’ own look, is changing by the communication of the skin care industry, media information, and the whole atmosphere in the society. This phenominon has the power to form the concept of men’s skin care brands and products, and also raises the brand loyalty and repeated product buying. This research is based on this situation and doing a survey of the consumer lifestyle and purchase decision of men’s skin care products. Through an Internet survey, this research is to analyze the lifestyle of men’s luxury skin care product comsumers, and to compare with the lifestyle of men’s non-luxury skin care product comsumers. Effective samples are in the amount of 937 in total, 591 in luxury consumers, and 346 in non-luxury consumers. The statistics are conducted with factor analysis and cluster analysis to categorize the consumers by their lifestyles; with ANOVA, Chi-square, and independent sample T-test to see the consumer differences in purchase behavior, lifestyles, and demographics; and with regression analysis to discover the impact of the brand satisfaction to the brand loyalty. Based on the prominent differences in demographics and lifestyles, the result shows that the trend-pioneers are the target of the men’s luxury skin care products. This cluster is especially sensitive to fashion information, active in a group, caring about social activities, and their self images. They purchase luxury skin care products in diversed channels, and exchange information after using products with other users through the Internet. And we discover that the potential consumers are inhabited in the trend-pioneers in the non-luxury product consumers. They’re younger, having less income, also caring about their looks, using cheaper skin care products sold in supermarkets and drugstores, and very willing to buy luxury products in the future. They just need some time to get enough budgets. Another discovery in this research is that some comsumer needs are not fulfilled entirely; certain skin problems do not correspond to products with specific solutions. Men’s luxury skin care companies, based on the research results, should reinforce the marketing strategies to trend-pioneers, the price positioning strategies, brand images and services in luxury products channels to raise the trend-pioneers’ brand attitudes, and then to form the brand loyalty. The Internet should get more attention in marketing communication, and be used to enhance the issue management and PR strategies in cyber world, to raise consumers’ brand satisfaction. Additionally, to raise the profits, companies involved should develop corresponding luxury products to specific unfulfilled needs.

碩士
國立成功大學
企業管理學系碩博士班
98
In recent years, the global population advanced age tendency urged the cosmeceutical whole world market to grow steady, demonstrated according to the marketing research organization Kline ＆ Company material, in 2008 the global cosmeceutical market scale achieved 570 hundred million US dollars, in which take Europe as the present whole world biggest region market, next was Asia. Although at present take America, Europe and Japan, the date as the main market, but mainland China, Latin America, Russia, and developments and so on in India the country, all made haste to catch up in recent years by the two-position number growth speed, future market potential infinite. This research integrated the theories of innovation diffusion and planned behavior, and considered the effects of shop pharmacist’s characteristic during the purchase process. The purposes of this study are: 1. Through reorganizing the literature, clearing the cosmeceutical concept.2. Take Theory of Planned Behavior for the foundation, discussing influence factors during purchase process. This research use questionnaire survey procedure and the effective questionnaire counts 380. The results show that, 1. Behavior attitude can be positively influenced by perceived relative advantage, , the compatibility, the trialability, the result demonstratibility and the visibilityof the innovation. 4. Behavior intention can be positively influenced by behavior attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control. 5. Actual purchase behavior can be positively influenced by behavior intention.

博士
義守大學
管理碩博士班
103
This study aims to investigate employee reactions toward relative negative customer behavior (RNCB). Departing from the social comparison, self-concept, and the conservation of resources perspectives, I proposed that when employees’ organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) are threatened, they are more likely to engage in resource-protection. However, if individuals have additional resource to combat in adversities, they are more likely to reinvest. Accordingly, those who are cared for and supported by the organization should be less haunted by the threatened self-esteem experience and more likely to take actions in making improvements and engaging in self-enhancing strategies; in the contrary, those who lack sufficient organizational support are more likely to take avoidance/escape strategies to protect oneself from further harm (self-protective strategies). I tested the theoretical model with a sample of 449 nurses (nested in 62 groups) working in the north, central, south, and offshore islands of Taiwan. The data were collected over three time points across one year of time. Hypotheses were tested with polynomial and multilevel regression analyses. In sum, OBSE was found to mediate the relationships between RNCB and feedback avoiding behavior, job neglect, turnover intention, job crafting, and service-oriented citizenship behavior. Further, perceived organizational support (POS) was found to moderate the indirect effect of RNCB on job neglect and job crafting through organization-based self-esteem. When POS was low, employees with higher RNCB were less likely to pursue job-crafting behaviors. Interestingly, when POS was high, those experiencing higher RNCB were even more likely to neglect their job duties. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are offered in the last section of this thesis.

碩士
大仁科技大學
休閒事業管理研究所
104
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders had become very common occupational illnesses in the world that consumed a substantial share of medical and industrial resources. According to the occupational illness reporting system of Taiwan, WMSDs accounted for 62.2% of total reported illnesses. The claim for occupational injury benefits had been on the rise year after year. This indicated that the problem of WMSDs was getting increasingly critical over time. The popularity of healthcare by Chinese traditional medicine has made people pay close attention to their health. The application of traditional massage therapy for releasing stress and soothing fatigue was becoming prevalent. As such, more and more people preferred massage therapy as the means for rehabilitation. Traditional theraperutic massage was a distinctive profession among others. This job dictated long hours of labor-intensive, highly repetitive and high-strength operation. In turn, the position of the therapists in performing the service also causes WMSDs. As such, the therapists of traditional massage were a group of people who were highly exposed to WMSDs. Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study explored into the behaviors exhibited by the therapists at this kind in the prevention of occupational injury. Five hypotheses were proposed from the literature review. Respondents were gathered through a convenient sampling method, and collected 390 valid respondenses with a structured questionnaire. Analysis was conducted with the use of the SPSS software, including item analysis, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, cross tabulation, chi-square test and regression analysis. The findings from data analysis indicated that the 93.5% majority of pains fell into the parts of shoulders, waists, hands and wrists. Of all the targets of study, 77% suggested that the musculoskeletal disorders they suffered were closely associated with their work. Test results indicated that some health belief constructed were significant different along with the demographic factors of age, marriage, education, and residence. Internet information remains the primary channels for access to knowledge of endurance exercise of all the clues to action. The HBM of the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and healthcare through endurance exercise correlated with each other at a significant level. Self-awareness of suffering, severity, and interest affected the behavior for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders at significant level. The findings from this study indicated that awareness of the massage therapists on WMSDs needs to be improved. The findings also indicated that health and medical personnel are not the source of information for healthcare for massage therapists. Work environment, work hours, and rest time may help to make a change. With the introduction of HBM for the promotion of endurance exercise, the suffering of WMSDs among the massage therapists could be reduced.

博士
國立陽明大學
護理學系
105
The excess consumption of snacks by children and adolescents will increase possibility of obesity in a young age, and will likely lead to noncommunicable dieases in adulthood; snacking consumption habits will also affect snack preference in adulthood. The purposes of this study was to understand snacking consumption behaviors (includes snack purchasing decision-making behavior, snacking intake behavior and snacking avoidance behavior) among 5th-6th elementary school students and to examine its influencing factors (including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public polic factors ) based on McLeroy and colleagues’ social ecological model. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a randomly-selected sample of 940 students. A questionnaire was used to collect data.The finding indicated that 59.36% of students receive pocket money monthly, the average monthly spending on snacks was 103.34 TWD. As to snack purchasing decision-making behavior, price, label, and taste were main considerations for purchasing snack. As to snacking intake behavior, on average, the daily snacking intake behavior is about four times, beverage consumption is the highest which results in 1.18 times, followed by candy, 0.71 times, followed by chips/cookies, 0.56 times. As to snacking avoidance behavior, participatants tended to adopt the two main behaviroes: substituting beverages by water, reading food labeling to lower snack consumption . Multiple and stepwise regression analyses on snack purchasing decision-making behavior indicating six variables (social status, snack refusal self-efficacy, pocket money, unhealthy lifestyle, social support from significant others, and the availability of snack at home) could be singled out as significant factors and accounted for 24.0% of the variance. Snacking intake behavior predictors include ten variables (males, obesity, low nutritional knowledge, pocket money, pocket money spending on snacks, unhealthy lifestyle, snack accesibility at home, teachers used beverge consumption as a reward for students, and the home outside snacking store enverionment) could be sigled out as significant factors ans accounted for 24.2% of the variance. Snacking avoidance behavior predicators include five variables (high socioeconomic status, nutrition knowledge, snack refusal self-efficacy, snack refusal attitude, important social support for snack refusal) could be signled out as significant factors and accounted for 54.3% of the variance. Based on our findings, we suggest that more effective educational programs should be developed to lesson and avoid snack consumption. In practice, a supportive healthy environment on campus should be established; public health policy regarding snacking consumption should be more clear and rigourous.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
心理學研究所
106
Past research on the effect of coworker’s interpersonal citizenship behavior (ICB) on employee’s turnover intention (TI) has yielded inconsistent results and ignored the fact that coworkers also exhibit interpersonal deviant behavior (IDB). The current study addresses this research gap by examining the effects of coworkers’ ICB and IDB on employee’s TI, and the moderating effect of perceived coworker’s intent to leave or stay on this relationship. Based on the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R model), the current model proposes that psychological strain (PS) and work engagement (WE) mediate the effect of coworker’s ICB and IDB on employee’s TI. Study 1 was conducted on a sample of 224 full-time employees, and Study 2 on a sample of 124 college students. Results showed that perceived coworker’s intent to leave or stay significantly moderated the effect of coworker’s ICB and IDB on employee’s TI. Employee’s PS mediated the interactive effect between coworker’s ICB and IDB, and perceived coworker’s intent to leave or stay on employee’s TI. Employee’s WE did not have significant mediation effects. This study extends the turnover literature by exploring this phenomenon from an interpersonal perspective, and by examining the mediation processes linking coworker’s behavior to TI. Based on the above findings, limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

碩士
崑山科技大學
企業管理研究所
107
This study explores the relevance of perceptual usefulness, perceived ease of use, usage attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intent, and purchase behavior of smart phones with third-party payment (NFC) capabilities, and According to the relevant research hypothesis. The questionnaire was issued during the period from April 20 to May 20, 2019. The questionnaire was issued and collected. After deducting the invalid samples, a total of 1,040 samples were used for analysis. The empirical results are as follows: The empirical results of regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis are as follows: Perceptual ease of use has a significant positive impact on perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use has a significant positive impact on usage attitude; perceptual usefulness has an attitude toward use Significant positive impact; perceptual usefulness has a significant positive impact on behavioral intention; use attitude has a significant positive impact on behavioral intention; subjective norm has a significant positive impact on behavioral intention; perceptual behavioral control has a significant positive impact on behavioral intention Perceptual behavior control has a significant positive impact on purchase behavior; behavioral intention has a significant positive impact on purchase behavior; perceived usefulness has a significant positive impact on purchase behavior; perceived ease of use has a significant positive impact on purchase behavior; perception Usefulness has an intermediary effect in the relationship between "perceptional usability and use attitude"; the use attitude has an intermediary effect in the relationship between "perceived usefulness and behavioral intention"; behavioral intention is in "perceived behavior control and purchase behavior" Intermediary effect in the relationship; performance risk in the relationship between "use attitude and behavioral intention" It has the effect of interference; the relationship between financial risk has the effect of interfering "with the intention of using attitudinal behavior" in.

Voice user interfaces have become increasingly popular, and many consumer-level products containing this technology have been launched to the market. One of these products is the smart speaker, which shows high potential for consumer adoption. Companies will be interested in entering this lucrative market, simplifying people’s life and making the smart speaker a mainstream product. However, not many studies focus on the consumer behavior perspective. This dissertation aims to explore factors that influence the perception and intention to use smart speakers in German households, by proposing and analyzing an extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Data includes secondary data as well as primary data, from qualitative and quantitative analysis. The result showed that the factors attitude, household size for users and non-users and perceived usefulness, social influence and interest in innovation influences the intention to use smart speaker, whereas the perception and attitude is influenced by perceived usefulness (PU) and privacy concerns. Following these study results, companies should try to optimize the features of smart speaker to guarantee a higher perceived usefulness, tackle privacy concerns and investing in right targeted consumer group marketing campaigns. This study gives a solid basis for further research in the field of voice user interfaces and gives managerial implications for companies.
As interfaces de voz de utilizador têm-se tornado cada vez mais populares, e muitos produtos a nível do consumidor que contêm esta tecnologia têm sido lançados no mercado. Um destes produtos é a coluna inteligente, que mostra um elevado potencial para a adopção pelo consumidor. Empresas estarão interessadas em entrar neste mercado lucrativo, simplificando a vida das pessoas e tornando o altifalante inteligente num produto padrão. No entanto, não há muitos estudos que se concentrem na perspectiva do comportamento do consumidor. Esta dissertação visa explorar factores que influenciam a percepção e intenção de utilizar colunas inteligentes em lares alemães, propondo e analisando um modelo de aceitação de tecnologia alargada (TAM). Os dados incluem dados secundários, bem como dados primários, de análises qualitativas e quantitativas. O resultado mostrou que os aspetos atitude do usuário, o tamanho do agregado familiar de utilizadores e não-utilizadores e a percepção da utilidade, influência social e interesse na inovação influenciam a intenção de utilizar falantes inteligentes, enquanto que a percepção e atitude é influenciada pela percepção da utilidade (PU) e preocupações de privacidade. Na sequência destes resultados do estudo, as empresas devem tentar optimizar as características do "smart speaker" para garantir uma maior percepção da utilidade, lidar com as preocupações de privacidade e investir em campanhas de marketing de grupos de consumidores bem direccionadas. Este estudo fornece uma base sólida para uma maior investigação no campo das interfaces de voz de utilizador e dá implicações de gestão para empresas.

Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans, Tswana and Tsonga
In a complex world, change is inevitable and wellness in the workplace remains a popular research phenomenon in facilitating employee and organisational productivity. Churches as organisations are not exempt from change dynamics in the world of work. Employees of the church, namely pastors and their well-being are similarly imperative, as they are also responsible for facilitating the well-being of others. Coaching has emerged as a valuable and useful psychological helping process aimed at enhancing employees’ well- being and facilitating their engagement, commitment and productive work behaviour. Mentoring and training are predominant interventions aimed at addressing aspects potentially relevant to pastor well-being in both the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) and the United Reformed Church of South Africa (URCSA), albeit each with very distinct objectives in terms of calling, and professional and skills development. In light of the current underutilised mentoring programme of the DRC and the sole emphasis on skills training in the URCSA, this study emerged from the need to understand how an in-depth understanding of pastors’ experiences of well-being can contribute to construct a coaching model for professional pastoral caregivers. In order to develop a coaching model to care for and optimise the well-being of the pastors, my multidisciplinary background (stemming from Industrial and Organisational Psychology [IOP], Human Resource Management [HRM] and Theology) increased my curiosity about pastors’ experiences of well-being in a Christian faith-based South African church context. In qualitative research inquiries, investigators creatively use multiple qualitative methods from a pragmatic stance. Hence, in this thesis I used at first two qualitative research methods, namely interactive qualitative analysis (IQA) and narrative synthesis that contributed to a transparent and systematic way to collect analyse, and document the research report. As a third qualitative research method, I used an auto ethnographic reflection writing style to make trustworthy inferences about the research findings and to think about the implications thereof on the rest of the research community. A coaching model was constructed and is proposed as a possible model to care for and optimise the well-being of the pastor (individual employee) and by implication also of a church (non-profit Christian faith-based organisation). This thesis also contributes methodologically to emerging IQA research in a South African work context. Lastly, the thesis contributes to multidisciplinary studies as it integrated theoretical and empirical perspectives from three disciplines, namely IOP, HRM and Theology.
In 'n ingewikkelde wêreld is verandering onvermydelik en welstand in die werksplek bly 'n gewilde navorsingsverskynsel om werknemer- en organisatoriese produktiwiteit te fasiliteer. Kerke as organisasies is nie vrygestel van veranderingsdinamika in die wêreld van werk nie. Kerke se werknemers, naamlik pastore en hul welstand is op soortgelyke wyse noodsaaklik omdat hulle verantwoordelik is om ander se welstand te fasiliteer. Afrigting het as 'n waardevolle en nuttige psigologiese hulpproses ontluik wat daarop gemik is om werknemers se welstand te bevorder en om hul betrokkenheid, toewyding en produktiewe werksgedrag te fasiliteer. Mentorskap en afrigting is oorwegende intervensies wat daarop gemik is om aspekte aan te spreek wat moontlik relevant kan wees tot pastore se welstand in beide die Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK) en die Verenigde Gereformeerde Kerk van Suid-Afrika (VGKSA), alhoewel elkeen baie duidelik onderskeibare doelstellings met betrekking tot roeping, en professionele en vaardigheidsontwikkeling het. In die lig van huidige onderbenutting van mentorskapprogramme van die NGK en die uitsluitlike klem op vaardigheidsopleiding in die VGKSA, het hierdie studie ontstaan uit die behoefte om te verstaan hoe 'n diepgaande begrip van pastore se ervaring van welstand tot 'n konstruktiewe afrigtingsmodel vir professionele pastorale versorgers kan bydra. Om 'n afrigtingsmodel te ontwikkel om pastore te versorg en hul welstand te optimeer, het my multidissiplinêre agtergrond (industriële en organisatoriese sielkunde, menslikehulpbronbestuur en teologie) my nuuskierigheid oor pastore se welstand in 'n Christelik-gebaseerde Suid-Afrikaanse kerkkonteks geprikkel. In kwalitatiewe navorsingsvrae, gebruik navorsers meervoudige kwalitatiewe metodes uit 'n pragmatiese standpunt kreatief. In hierdie tesis het ek dus aanvanklik twee kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik, naamlik interaktiewe kwalitatiewe ontleding (IKO) en narratiewe sintese wat bydra om data deursigtig en sistematies te versamel, te ontleed en die navorsingsverslag te dokumenteer. As 'n derde kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode het ek 'n reflektiewe outo-etnografiese skryfstyl gebruik om betroubare afleidings oor die navorsingsbevindings te maak en om oor die implikasies daarvan op die navorsingsgemeenskap te dink. 'n Afrigtingsmodel is saamgestel en is voorgestel as 'n moontlike model om na pastore (individuele werknemers) om te sien en hul welstand te optimeer en dus ook die van 'n kerk (niewinsgewende organisasie wat op die Christelike geloof gebaseer is). Hierdie tesis dra ook metodologies tot ontluikende IKO-navorsing in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse werkskonteks by. Die tesis dra laastens tot multidissiplinêre studies by omdat dit teoretiese en empiriese perspektiewe van die drie vakgebiede, naamlik industriële en organisatoriese sielkunde, menslikehulpbronbestuur en teologie, integreer.
Mo lefatsheng le le marara, diphetogo di nna di le gona mme itekanelo ya mo tirong e sala go nna ntlha e e tlwaelegileng ya dipatlisiso go gokaganya tlhagiso ya badiri le ya setheo. Dikereke jaaka ditheo ga di a gololesega mo dintlheng tsa diphetogo mo tirong. Badiri ba kereke, e leng baruti, le itekanelo ya bona, ba botlhokwa fela jalo ka ntlha ya fa le bona ba rwele maikarabelo a go ela tlhoko itekanelo ya ba bangwe. Katiso e tlhageletse jaaka tsamaiso ya thuso e e boleng le e e mosola ya saekholoji e maikaelelo a yona e leng go tokafatsa itekanelo ya badiri le go gokaganya seabe sa bona, maitlamo le maitsholo a a mosola mo tirong. Tataiso le katiso ke ditsibogo tse di dirisiwang gantsi tse maikaelelo a tsona e leng go samagana le dintlha tse di maleba mo itekanelong ya baruti mo Kerekeng ya Dutch Reformed (DRC) le ya United Reformed Church of South Africa (URCSA), le fa tsotlhe di na le maitlhomo a a farologaneng go ya ka pitso, tlhabololo ya boporofešenale le bokgoni. Ka ntlha ya lenaneo le ga jaana le sa dirisiweng mo go lekaneng la tataiso la DRC le kgatelelo ya katiso ya bokgoni fela kwa URCSA, thutopatlisiso eno e bakilwe ke tlhokego ya go tlhaloganya ka moo go tlhaloganya go ya kwa botennye ga maitemogelo a baruti a itekanelo go ka tshwaelang ka gona go aga sekao sa katiso sa baruti ba batlhokomedi ba porofešenale. Go aga sekao sa katiso sa go tlhokomela le go oketsa itekanelo ya baruti, lemorago la me la maphatamantsi (go tswa mo Saekholojing ya Madirelo le Ditheo [IOP], Botsamaisi jwa Badiri [HRM] le Thuto ya Bodumedi (Thioloji)) le okeditse phisegelo ya me ya go itse ka maitemogelo a baruti a itekanelo go ya ka bokao jwa kereke ya Aforikaborwa e e theilweng mo tumelong ya Sekeresete. Mo dipotsisong tsa dipatlisiso tse di lebelelang mabaka, babatlisisi ba dirisa mekgwa e mentsi ya patlisiso e e lebelelang mabaka go tswa mo kemong ya dintlha. Ka jalo mo thesising eno ke dirisitse mekgwa ya ntlha e mebedi ya dipatlisiso tse di lebelelang mabaka, e leng tshekatsheko e e lebelelang mabaka ka tshusumetso (IQA) le motswako wa kanelo o o tshwaetseng mo tseleng e e seng bofitlha le e e rulaganeng go kokoanya, sekaseka le go kwala pegelo ya patlisiso. Jaaka mofuta wa boraro wa dipatlisiso tse di lebelelang mabaka, ke dirisitse setaele sa go kwala sa itshekatsheko ya othoetenokerafi go fitlhelela ditshwetso tse di ikanyegang ka ga diphitlhelelo tsa dipatlisiso le go akanya ka bokao jwa tsona mo setšhabeng sotlhe sa dipatlisiso. Go agilwe sekao sa katiso mme se tshitshinngwa jaaka sekao se se ka dirisiwang go tlhokomela le go tokafatsa itekanelo ya moruti (modiri a le mongwe) mme ka go rialo gape le ya kereke (setheo se se sa direng letseno se e theilweng mo tumelong ya Sekeresete). Thesisi eno gape e tshwaela mo ntlheng ya mekgwa mo dipatlisisong tse di tlhagelelang tsa IQA go lebeletswe Aforikaborwa. Kwa bokhutlong, thesisi eno e tshwaela mo dithutopatlisisong tsa maphatamantsi ka ntlha ya fa e kopantse megopolo ya tiori le ya maitemogelo go tswa mo maphateng a le mararo e leng, IOP, HRM le Thioloji.
Eka misava ya nsohensohe, ku cinca i nchumu lowu nga sivelekekiku na swona ku hlayiseka entirhweni swa ha ri nchumu lowu nga duma swinene eka ku endliwa ka rhiseche eka ku pfuneta mutirhi na nhlangano leswo swi tirha hi xiyenge xa vuyelo bya le henhla. Tikereke tani hi minhlangano a yi le handle eka timhaka ta ku cinca emintirhweni. Vatirhi va kereke, ku nga vafundzhisi na vuhlayiseki bya vona na swona i swa nkoka tani hi leswi va nga na vutihlamuleri eka ku tiyisa leswo van'wana va hlayisekile no va na rihanyu lerinene. Ku dzabela swi vonaka tani hi nchumu wa nkoka no pfuneta eka ku pfuneta hi swa ngqondo leswi swi nga na xikongomelo xa ku yisa emahlweni vuhlayiseki bya vatirhi no endla leswo va va eka xiyimo xa ku tirhisana, ku tiyimisela no va na mahanyelo ya ku gingirika emintirhweni na ku tirha hi vuyelo. Ku mentharixa na vuleteri i minchumu leyi endliwaka hi xikongomelo xa ku langutana na rihanyu lerinene ra vafundzhisi va tikereke ta Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) na United Reformed Church of South Africa (URCSA), hambi leswi yin'wana ya tona yi nga na swikongomelo swo hambana hi ku landza xivito, na ku hluvukisiwa ka vuprofexinali na vuswikoti. Hi ku vona leswo nongonoko wa ku mentharixa a wu tirhisiwi swinene eka DRC kasi eka va URCSA ku tshikileriwa ngopfu vuleteri bya vuswikoti, dyondzo leyi yi sukela eka xilaveko xa ku twisisa swinene hi vuenti swipiriyoni swa vafundzhisi swa vuhlayiseki bya vona ku pfuneta ku endla modlele wa vudzaberi eka vahlayisi va vafundzhisi hi swa vuprofexinali. Leswo ku endliwa modlele wa vudzaberi bya ku hlayisa no yisa ehenhla xiyimo lexinene xa vafundzhisi, tidyondzo ta mina (leti sukelaka eka Industrial Organisational Psychology (IOP), Human Resource Management [HRM] na tidyondzo ta ntivo-vukwembu ku nga Theology) swi yise ehenhla ku navela ku tiva ka mina hi swipiriyoni swa vafundzhisi hi vuhlayiseki bya vona eka vugandzeri bya vona lebyi byi nga le ka Vukresre eka tikereke ta vona eAfrika Dzonga. Eka swivutiso swa qualitative research na ntirhiso wa ndzavisiso hi vuswikoti leswi swi tirhisiwaka ku endla qualitative methods eka xiyimo lexi khomekaka. Hikokwalaha eka thesis leyi ndzi tirhise eka mafambiselo mambirhi ya qualitative research methods, ku nga interactive qualitative analysis (IQA) na narrative synthesis leyi yi nga pfuneta ku kuma maendlelo lama ya nga rivaleni ku hlengeleta nxopanxopo na ku endla dokumente ya xiviko xa rhiseche. Maendlelo ya vunharhu ya qualitative research method, lama ndzi nga ma tirhisa i ya authethnographic reflection writing style ku endla tiinferense ta ku tshembeka hi vuyelo bya rhiseche na ku ehleketa hi ti-implications ta swona eka hinkwavo lava va endlaka rhiseche. Modlele wa vudzaberi wu endliwile na swona hi wona lowu wu gangisiwaka tani hi modlele lowu kotekaku wa vuhlayisi na ku yisa ehenhla nhlayiseko wa mufundzhisi (ku nga mutirhi wun'we) kasi hi vuyelo na swona eka kereke (ku nga nhlangano wa vupfumeri bya Vukreste lowu nga tirheleku vuyelo bya mali). Thesis leyi yi tlhela yi pfuneta hi metodoloji ku humesa IQA research eka xiyimo xa Afrika Dzonga. Xo hetelela, thesis leyi yi tlhela yi pfuneta tidyondzo ta multidisciplinary tani hi laha ti nga hlanganisiwa eka thiyori na le ka empirical perspectives ku suka eka tidisiplini tinharhu leti ku nga, IOP, HRM na Theology.
Industrial and Organisational Psychology
Ph. D. (Psychology (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))