Articles de revues : « Broilers »

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Xiong, Xingguo, Mingzhou Lu, Weizhong Yang, Guanghui Duan, Qingyan Yuan, Mingxia Shen, Tomas Norton et Daniel Berckmans. « An Automatic Head Surface Temperature Extraction Method for Top-View Thermal Image with Individual Broiler ». Sensors 19, n^o 23 (30 novembre 2019) : 5286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235286.

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Surface temperature variation in a broiler’s head can be used as an indicator of its health status. Surface temperatures in the existing thermograph based animal health assessment studies were mostly obtained manually. 2185 thermal images, each of which had an individual broiler, were captured from 20 broilers. Where 15 broilers served as the experimental group, they were injected with 0.1mL of pasteurella inoculum. The rest, 5 broilers, served as the control group. An algorithm was developed to extract head surface temperature automatically from the top-view broiler thermal image. Adaptive K-means clustering and ellipse fitting were applied to locate the broiler’s head region. The maximum temperature inside the head region was extracted as the head surface temperature. The developed algorithm was tested in Matlab® (R2016a) and the testing results indicated that the head region in 92.77% of the broiler thermal images could be located correctly. The maximum error of the extracted head surface temperatures was not greater than 0.1 °C. Different trend features were observed in the smoothed head surface temperature time series of the broilers in experimental and control groups. Head surface temperature extracted by the presented algorithm lays a foundation for the development of an automatic system for febrile broiler identification.

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Tarkhan, Amneh H., Khaled M. M. Saleh et Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul. « HSF3 and Hsp70 Expression during Post-Hatch Cold Stress in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Embryonic Thermal Manipulation ». Veterinary Sciences 7, n^o 2 (22 avril 2020) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020049.

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Decades of selective breeding for commercial purposes have rendered the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) highly susceptible to heat and cold stress. A multitude of studies have documented the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) on broiler thermotolerance during periods of post-hatch heat stress, but very few have focused on the effect of TM on a broiler’s ability to withstand cold stress. Therefore, the primary objective of the current study is to determine the effects of TM on the acquisition of thermotolerance in broilers via their expression of the stress-associated 70 kilodalton heat shock protein (Hsp70) gene and heat shock factor 3 (HSF3) gene. Briefly, Hubbard broiler embryos were subject to TM by increasing the incubation temperature to 39 °C and 65% relative humidity (RH) for 18 h daily, from embryonic days (ED) 10 to 18. Broilers were then exposed to cold stress by decreasing the room temperature to 16 °C during post-hatch days 32 to 37. After thermal challenge, broilers were euthanized and hepatic and splenic tissues were collected. Our results showed that TM decreased the hatchability rate and body temperature but improved the body weight gain. TM generally decreased the hepatic expression but did not change the splenic expression of HSF3 during cold stress. In contrast, both hepatic and splenic Hsp70 expression decreased during cold stress. The results of the present study may suggest that TM significantly affects a broiler’s genetic response to cold stress.

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Surya Atmaja, I. Putu, I. Ketut Satriawan et I. Wayan Gede Sedana Yoga. « SISTEM DINAMIS KETERSEDIAAN DAGING AYAM RAS PEDAGING (BROILER) DI PROVINSI BALI ». JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 7, n^o 2 (23 mai 2019) : 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2019.v07.i02.p07.

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The demand of broilers meats in Bali Province are very high and more dominated from hotels, restaurants, cafes and industrial. The aims of this research are to establish the factors those influenced the availability broiler meat, to arrange dynamic system modeling broiler meat availability, calculate the availability policy for fulfilling the need of animal protein, to arrange alternative recommendation of scenario policy for fulfilling the demand of broiler meat in Bali Province. Simulation are conducted over a period of 10 years, starting from 2012 until 2021. The factors those influenced the availability broiler meat in Bali Province are broiler meat production and broiler meat requirements. The simulation result showed that the production of broilers meat in Bali Province did not afforded to fulfil the demands of broilers since 2012. The avaibilty of broilers in Bali Province mostly appointed the reduction from the bigining to the end of the simulation year. According to the simulation result several scenarios, the policy which was very effective and possible to be developed for fulfilling the demand of broilers meat is by adding the weight of broilers during the livestock and also by adding more chicken. Key words: system dynamics, availability, broiler meat, simulations

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Kamaludin, Kamaludin, P. W. Dzikrillah, M. F. Azhoheru, Suhendrian Suhendrian, W. Hardiansyah, D. D. Putri et G. G. Maradon. « Manajemen usaha Ayam Pedaging Jantan dan Betina dengan Penambahan Suplemen Organik Cair ». PETERPAN (Jurnal Peternakan Terapan) 1 (26 décembre 2019) : 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/peterpan.v1i1.1476.

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This study aims to determine the growth of broiler chickens and analyze the feasibility of broiler farming with the addition of liquid organic supplements. Liquid organic supplements (SOC) or also called probiotics contain Lactobacillus sp, Azetobacter sp, Basiluss sp, vitamins, and minerals. SOC can increase antibodies, reduce stress levels, suppress the onset of disease, help stimulate appetite, and accelerate the growth of broiler chicken. Broilers are divided into 4 treatments female broilers without SOC, male broilers without SOC, female broilers with the addition of SOC, and treatment of male broilers with the addition of SOC. Based on the results and discussion the highest PBB is obtained by male chicken with SOC. Feasibility analysis shows that all treatments are feasible, B/C (3.11) and R/C (3.18) values of treatments added by SOC are higher than treatments without SOC.Keywords: Broiler, Feasibility Analysis, SOC

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Çavuşoğlu, Enver, et Metin Petek. « Effects of different floor materials on the welfare and behaviour of slow- and fast-growing broilers ». Archives Animal Breeding 62, n^o 1 (14 juin 2019) : 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-335-2019.

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Abstract. Litter quality and fast growth rate are the two main issues in broiler welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of genotype and floor material on broiler welfare and behaviour. In the study, slow-growing (Hubbard JA57) and fast-growing (Ross 308) broilers on a slatted floor and deep litter were used; there were four main groups (2 genotype × 2 housing) and each treatment group consisted of 5 replicates. Each replicate group consisted of 10 male chicks, and 200 birds were used in total. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The welfare parameters were recorded in weeks 6, 7, and 8, whereas behaviour data were collected in week 8 only. Results showed that welfare parameters of broiler chickens were affected by genotype and floor type. Slow-growing broilers had better welfare parameters than fast-growing broilers. The slatted floor had a positive effect on main welfare parameters of the birds. Slower-growing broilers had a longer distance in the avoidance distance test. Tonic immobility reaction was longer in slow-growing broilers compared to fast-growing broiler. On the other hand, floor type did not affect behaviour parameters. As a conclusion, slow-growing broilers had better welfare parameters than fast-growing broilers and slat flooring could be beneficial to improve broiler welfare, but further behavioural investigations are needed such as dust bathing and walking behaviour.

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Tahamtani, Fernanda M., Lena K. Hinrichsen et Anja B. Riber. « Welfare assessment of conventional and organic broilers in Denmark, with emphasis on leg health ». Veterinary Record 183, n^o 6 (30 mai 2018) : 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104817.

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The aim of this study was to survey and report the walking ability in broilers housed in both conventional and organic production systems in Denmark. To this end, the authors assessed the walking ability, by using the Bristol scale, in 31 conventional broiler flocks and in 29 organic broiler flocks distributed across Denmark. In addition, assessment of contact dermatitis, leg abnormalities, scratches and plumage cleanliness, as well as postmortem analysis of tibial dyschondroplasia, was performed in conventional broilers. The survey found a prevalence of 77.4 per cent of impaired walking ability (gait score (GS) >0) in conventional broilers and 38.1 per cent in organic broilers. The prevalence of severe lameness (GS >2) was 5.5 per cent and 2.5 per cent for conventional and organic broilers, respectively. The prevalence of tibial dyschondroplasia in conventional broilers was 4.7 per cent. The results on other welfare indicators are also presented for conventional broilers. The results from the present and previous surveys indicate that the prevalence of impaired walking ability in broiler chickens in the Danish conventional production system is high, but the severity has been steadily decreasing over the last 19 years. Furthermore, the results from the survey of organic broilers suggest that lameness is less prevalent and severe in this system relative to conventional production.

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Elkomy, Ashraf, Mohamed Aboubakr, Elsayed Emam et Mohammed Kassem. « Studies on the effects of cephradine and colibacellosis on immunological status of broiler chicken vaccinated with newcastle virus vaccine ». International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 7, n^o 2 (22 juillet 2019) : 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v7i2.29020.

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The present study was carried out using 100, one-day old broiler chicks to evaluate the immunological status of broiler chicks vaccinated with Newcastle virus vaccine and infected with E coli and treated by cephradinee.At day 15th of age, broilers chicks were divided into 4 equal groups (25 chicks in each). 1st group, healthy non infected non treated broilers (control group). 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups expermintally infected with E. coli was done at 15th day of age. 2nd group infected, non treated broilers, 3rd group infected broilers and vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus vaccine, 4th group infected broilers vaccinated with Newcastle vaccine and received 20 mg/kg b.wtcephradinee in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days. At 1st, 10th and 20th day post administration, blood samples were collected for determination cellular and humeral immune response. Infected broilers with E coli only or infected broilers and vaccinated display significant increase in leukocyte, heterophils, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, killing percentage, nitric oxide, lysozyme activity and gamma globulin. Beside significant decrease in lymphocyte, serum total protein, albumin, total globulin, A/G ratio and HI titer coupled with insignificant decrease in esinophils, basophils and monocyte, beta globulin associated with insignificant increase in alpha globulin allover experimental period post vaccination when compared with control broilers. Vaccinated-Infected broilers that received 20 mg/kg b.wtcephradine daily for five consecutive days revealed significant increase in leukocyte, heterophils, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, killing % and gamma globulin at 1st day post treatment coupled with insignificant increase at 10th and 20th day post treatment. In-addition to significant decrease in serum total protein, albumin, total globulin A/G ratio and HI associated with non significant decrease in esinophils, basophils, monocyte,beta globulin and non significant increase in nitric oxide, lysozyme activity and alpha globulin allover the experiment when compared with control broilers. It could be concluded that, colibacillosis in broiler chickens and cephradine induced some adverse effects on immunological status of broiler chickens. Therefore, it’s important not vaccinated broiler during colibacelosis or using cephradine in treatment.

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Zhao, Zhonghao, Xiuguo Zou, Zhengling Yin, Zhibin Cao, Jie Zhang, Chenyang Wang, Wenchao Liu et Yungang Bai. « Research on the Correlation between Breeding Environment and Activity of Yellow Feather Broilers Based on the Multichromatic Aberration Model ». Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (14 septembre 2021) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2897879.

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Broiler behavior is closely related to the breeding environment. Therefore, studying broiler behavior helps breeding farm workers to better carry out welfare breeding. In the breeding environment of yellow feather broilers, temperature, humidity, and ammonia concentration are the main factors that affect the behavior of the broilers. This study used a multichromatic aberration model to process the color images of yellow feather broilers to extract the activity feature of the broilers at different periods, utilized the Cb component of YCbCr color model and the b component of Lab color model to remove background litter in images, and employed the Q component of YIQ color model to remove the feeders and the drinkers from the image. The segmented images were constructed into an accumulator to generate a heat map of yellow feather broilers’ activity. Then, the correlation between the activity and the temperature and humidity index (THI) and the correlation between the activity and ammonia concentration were explored. The experiment found that the activity of the broilers was significantly positively correlated with ammonia concentration ( P < 0.05 ), indicating that the activity of yellow feather broilers increased with ammonia concentration ascending. Besides, the THI in the broiler chamber had a significant positive correlation with the ammonia data ( P < 0.01 ), indicating that when the THI in the broiler chamber increases, the ammonia concentration rises. The research provides a direction for exploring the impact of THI and ammonia concentration on the performance of yellow feather broilers. At the same time, it provides a theoretical basis for the early warning and judgment of broiler breeding by farm workers in the future.

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Simarmata, Lasmaria, R. E. M. F. Osak, E. K. M. Endoh et F. N. S. Oroh. « ANALISIS PREFERENSI KONSUMEN DALAM MEMBELI DAGING BROILER DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA MANADO (STUDI KASUS “PASAR PINASUNGKULAN KAROMBASAN”) ». ZOOTEC 39, n^o 2 (13 juillet 2019) : 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.24427.

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ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER BUYING PREFERENCES IN BROILER MEAT AT TRADITIONAL MARKET IN MANADO CITY (CASE STUDY OF THE "PINASUNGKULAN KAROMBASAN MARKET"). The goals of this study was to analyze consumer preference and attitude on attribute variation of broilers at the traditional market in Manado. Study was conducted at the Pinasungkulan market, Karombasan Manado on February 2019. Survey method was used by deep interview supported by questionnaire. Samples were defined by accidental sampling method involving fifty respondents. The primer and secondary data were used in this study and analyzed by Chi-Square and Multi attribute Fishbein analysis. The Chi-Square analysis indicated that all attributes studied were significantly different. This was meaning that there were differences of consumers preference on broilers. On the basis of Multi attribute Fishbein analysis indicated that all broiler attribute were considered by consumers in making decision of buying broilers. Broilers were became consumer preference significantly at the Pinasungkulan Market, meaning that there was difference of consumer preference on broiler attributes. Sequences of broiler attribute from the highest consideration to the lowest consideration were meat color, skin color, meat smell, skin tenderness and meat weight. Consumer attitude on broiler meat attributed in decision of buying meat of broilers was broiler meat color. Keywords: Broiler, consumer preference

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Zekeri, Okpanachi Joseph, Okpe, Alfa Ameh, Ejiwoye, Ouwafemi Amos, Ajagbe et Adekune David. « Performance and haematological indices of broiler chickens fed varied inclusion level of palm kernel cake ». GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, n^o 1 (30 octobre 2022) : 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.21.1.0380.

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A total of one hundred and forty four (144) broiler chickens in a 42-day trial were used to evaluate the effect of graded levels of palm kernel cake on the performance and haematological characteristics of broilers. The broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30 % PKC inclusion levels designated as treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Each treatment had three (3) replicates with twelve (12) birds per replicate. Growth performance showed higher significant (P<0.05) values of 2073.68 g, 1874.39 g, 44.63 g and 101.49 g respectively for final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain and daily feed intake from birds fed 30 % PKC. Value ranges of 32.14 % to 34.67 % 10.36 g/dl to 11.37 g/dl, 3.17 to 3.49 x1012/l were obtained for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and red blood cell in birds fed the control and 30 % PKC based diets respectively. This implied PKC has the potential to improved growth performance and haematology of boilers chicken. It was concluded that inclusion of PKC in the broiler’s diets significantly improved the performance and haematological parameters of the broiler chickens therefore should be included in the formulation of broilers diets for up to 30 %.

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Phillips, Hannah N., Roger D. Moon, Ulrike S. Sorge et Bradley J. Heins. « Efficacy of Broilers as a Method of Face Fly (Musca autumnalis De Geer) Larva Control for Organic Dairy Production ». Animals 10, n^o 12 (18 décembre 2020) : 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122429.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate Freedom-Ranger broiler chickens as a method to control face fly (Musca autumnalis De Geer) larvae in cow dung pats on pasture. Ninety-nine pats in three replicates were inoculated with first-instar larvae and exposed to one of four treatment conditions for 3 to 4 days: (1) an environment-controlled greenhouse (GH); (2) pasture without broilers (NEG); (3) pasture with 25 broilers stocked at a low density of 2.5 m2 of outdoor area per broiler (LOW); and (4) pasture with 25 broilers stocked at a high density of 0.5 m2 of outdoor area per broiler (HIGH). Broiler behaviors and weather conditions were recorded twice daily. Survival rates of larvae (mean, 95% CI) were similar for pats in the NEG (4.4%, 2–9%), LOW (5.6%, 3–11%), and HIGH (3.2%, 2–7%) groups, and was greatest for larvae reared in the GH (54.4%, 36–72%) group compared to all other groups. The proportion of broilers observed pasture ranging was 14.0% (6–28%) but was negatively related to solar radiation. Broilers were never observed foraging in pats. Results indicate that use of broilers may not be an effective method for controlling larvae of dung pat breeding flies.

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Kim, Yong Ju, Min Ho Song, Ji Hwan Lee, Han Jin Oh, Se Yeon Chang, Jae Woo An, Young Bin Go et al. « Partial Replacement of Animal Fat with Full-Fat Almond in Broiler Chicken Diets : Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profile, Cecal-Fecal Microflora Composition, and Foot-Pad Dermatitis ». Animals 11, n^o 11 (28 octobre 2021) : 3075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113075.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of full-fat almonds (FFA) as an alternative protein and fat source for broiler feed on broiler productivity, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal-fecal microflora, and foot-pad dermatitis (FPD). A total of 96, one-day-old broiler chickens (Arbor Acres) with initial body weight 41.61 ± 0.36 g were placed in 16 cages. In each trial, four treatments were set up: a basal diet partially replacing animal fat with FFA 0% (Control, CON), a basal diet partially replacing animal fat with FFA 1% (T1), a basal diet partial replacing animal fat with FFA 2% (T2), a basal diet partially replacing animal fat with FFA 4% (T3). The experiment was conducted for a total of 4 weeks. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers at weeks 0 to 1 than in the CON group of broilers. From weeks 3 to 4, and for the entire experimental period, FCR was lower (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON and T1 groups of broilers. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the ether extract (EE) was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in the other treatment groups, and AID of crude protein (CP) was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in the CON group. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of EE was lower (p < 0.05) in the CON group than in the other treatment groups, and the ATTD of CP and energy was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON group of broilers. The AID and ATTD of total amino acids were higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in the other treatment groups. Blood cholesterol levels were lower (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON and T1 groups of broilers, and higher (p < 0.05) in the CON group of broilers than in the T2 and T3 groups of broilers. The amount of E. coli in the cecal and fecal was lower (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in CON and T1 groups. FPD score was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON group of broilers. In conclusion, replacing a partial of animal fat with at least 4% FFA in broiler diets can increase growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler nutrition.

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Bao, Chengling, Wenxiu Zhang, Jian Wang, Yajing Liu, Heng Cao, Feiyu Li, Suozhu Liu, Zhengda Shang, Yunhe Cao et Bing Dong. « The Effects of Dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL106 Supplementation, as an Alternative to Antibiotics, on Growth Performance, Intestinal Immunity, Epithelial Barrier Integrity, and Intestinal Microbiota in Broilers ». Animals 12, n^o 22 (9 novembre 2022) : 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223085.

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A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly divided into five dietary treatments (control feed (CON), supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin (ANT), supplemented with 7.5 × 108 CFU/kg (Ba1) and 2.5 × 109 CFU/kg (Ba1), and 7.5 × 109 CFU/kg (Ba3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL106, respectively) to investigate the probiotic effect of TL106 instead of antibiotics in broilers. On days 1–21, the average daily gain of broilers in the Ba groups was increased compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). In addition, the feed/gain ratio of broilers in the Ba groups was lower than that of broilers in the CON and ANT groups on days 22–42 and days 1–42 (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, dietary TL106 increased the digestibility of crude fiber and crude protein (p < 0.05), and the effect was similar to that of the ANT group. The levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6 in serum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers fed TL106 were decreased compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in broilers of ANT and Ba groups was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). After 21 days, villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum of broilers fed TL106 were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids such as lactate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate in cecal digesta of broilers dietary TL106 were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The supplementation with TL106 altered the compositions and diversity of the cecal microbiota of broilers. Moreover, supplementation with TL106 improved the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria on days 21 and 28, while the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae was increased. On days 35 and 42, broilers fed TL106 had an increased total abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased abundances of Lactobacillaceae, while the abundance of Barnesiellaceae was increased. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with TL106 improved the broiler’s growth performance, immune response capacity, gut health, modulated development, and composition of the gut microbiota in broilers. It is suggested that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL106 may be a suitable alternative to in-feed antibiotics to improve broiler health and performance.

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Pisarikova, B., Z. Zraly, S. Kracmar, M. Trckova et I. Herzig. « The use of amaranth (genus AmaranthusL.) in the diets for broiler chickens ». Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 7 (27 mars 2012) : 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5560-vetmed.

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The objective of our study was to test amaranth grain or dried biomass in the diet for broiler chickens as a resource of protein replacing animal protein. Further, the effect of amaranth on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were assessed in a feeding trial. The experimental groups of broilers were fed feed mixtures with crude amaranth grain (AC), heat processed amaranth grain (AP) or dried above-ground biomass (AB). Control groups (C) received the diet containing animal proteins. The results obtained in the experimental groups of broiler chickens can be compared to the control group in all the production indicators under investigation. On day 42 of the experiment, live weight (g) of female broilers ranged from 2 205.1 ± 152.5 (AP) to 2 254.0 ± 136.5 (C), and that of male broilers from 2 375.1 ± 233.0 (AC) to 2 506.0 ± 286.0 (C). Feed conversion ranged from 1.80 kg in control group of male broiler chickens to 1.91 kg in experimental group of male broilers (AB). Percentage yield in female broiler chickens ranged from 70.8 ± 1.74 (AB) to 72.4 ±3.34(AC) or 72.4 ± 1.98 (C), and in male broilers from 72.8 ±3.55(AP) to 75.1 ±2.44(AB). Our results showed that amaranth can fully replace meat-and-bone meals in the diets for broiler chickens.

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Hao, Hongyun, Peng Fang, Enze Duan, Zhichen Yang, Liangju Wang et Hongying Wang. « A Dead Broiler Inspection System for Large-Scale Breeding Farms Based on Deep Learning ». Agriculture 12, n^o 8 (7 août 2022) : 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081176.

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Stacked cage is the main breeding method of the large-scale farm in China. In broiler farms, dead broiler inspection is a routine task in the breeding process. It refers to the manual inspection of all cages and removal of dead broilers in the broiler house by the breeders every day. However, as the total amount of broilers is huge, the inspection work is not only time-consuming but also laborious. Therefore, a dead broiler inspection system is constructed in this study to replace the manual inspection work. It mainly consists of an autonomous inspection platform and a dead broiler detection model. The automatic inspection platform performs inspections at the speed of 0.2 m/s in the broiler house aisle, and simultaneously collects images of the four-layer broilers. The images are sent to a server and processed by a dead broiler detection model, which was developed based on the YOLOv3 network. A mosaic augment, the Swish function, an spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module, and complete intersection over union (CIoU) loss are used to improve the YOLOv3 performance. It achieves a 98.6% mean average precision (intersection of union (IoU) = 0.5) and can process images at 0.007 s per frame. The dead broiler detection model is robust to broilers of different ages and can adapt to different lighting conditions. It is deployed on the server with a human–machine interface. By observing the processing results using the human–machine interface, the breeders could directly find the cage position of dead broilers and remove them, which could reduce the workload of breeders and promote the intelligent development of poultry breeding.

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Noleto, Raiana Almeida, Nadja Susana Mogyca Leandro, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho Mello, Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição, Itallo Conrado Sousa de Araújo, Eduardo Miranda de Oliveira, Paulo Henrique Sousa da Paz et Aleane Francisca Cordeiro Barbosa. « Supplementation of copaiba or sucupira oils in broiler diets ». Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 19, n^o 1 (mars 2018) : 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402018000100008.

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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental copaiba or sucupira oils on broiler performance and intestinal health. A total of 600 one-day old Cobb 500 male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates with 25 broilers each. To increase the health challenge, the broilers were reared on reused litter. The treatments consisted of: control diet; diet with a performance enhancing antibiotic (avilamycin); diet with 2,000 mg/kg copaiba oil and a diet with 500 mg/kg sucupira oil. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (5%). The addition of sucupira oil at 500 mg/kg decreased broiler performance at 21, 33, and 40 days of age, whereas the addition of copaiba oil resulted in similar performance relative to the antibiotic. Dietary supplementation of copaiba or sucupira oils did not change the intestinal epithelium of broilers. The addition of sucupira oil negatively affected broiler performance. Copaiba oil can be used in broiler diets as a performance enhancer.

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Vitorovic, D., G. Vitorovic, B. Mitrovic et V. Andric. « Natural sepiolite efficiency in reducing 137Cs transfer and deposition into meat and edible organs of broiler chickens ». Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, n^o 2 (2011) : 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1102183v.

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The objectives of the present study were to examine the level of radiocesium deposit in meat and edible organs of broiler chickens as well as to investigate efficiency of natural sepiolite in reducing 137Cs deposition in meat, liver and gizzard of alimentary contaminated broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (six weeks of age) were fed with the standard diet and each broiler was given a single oral dose of 137Cs, total activity of 3750 Bq. The broilers were divided into two groups (10 broilers per group). The group 1 was control (received only radiocesium). The broilers of the group 2, in addition to radiocesium received natural sepiolite solution (2 g sepiolite per bird). After 24 hours, all broilers, from each group, were stunned and killed. The samples of meat, (breast and legs), liver and gizzard were taken from each broiler, for gamma spectrometry determination of radiocesium activity. After 24 hours of contamination, 56 % of introduced 137Cs radioactivity was deposited in the meat (breast and legs muscles), 1 % in the liver and 2,4 % in the gizzard of broiler chickens 42 days of age. Natural sepiolite demonstrated insufficient protective action. Compared to the control group, percentage reduction (decreasing percentage) of 137Cs deposition in meat was 16%, in liver 5% and in gizzard 12%.

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Moses, Chandapiwa, Freddy Manyeula, Malebogo Virginia Radikara, Molebeledi Horatious Dambe Mareko et Othusitse Ricky Madibela. « Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Ross 308 Broiler Chickens Fed Malted Red and White Sorghum-Based Diets ». Poultry 1, n^o 3 (8 août 2022) : 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/poultry1030015.

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In this study, the effects of malted sorghum-based diets (MSBD) on carcass characteristics and meat quality were investigated in broiler chickens. Two-week-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to three groups (each with five replications) and were then reared on either 0 or 100% (red (Mr Buster) or white (Segaolane)) malted sorghum commercial diets. The highest (p < 0.05) slaughter weights, hot carcass weights, and cold carcass weights were observed for the broilers reared on the control diets. Broilers reared on MSBD had high (p < 0.05) drumstick–thigh and vertebrae weights. The broilers fed the malted red sorghum-based diet (MRSBD) had the longest (p < 0.05) small intestine and highest gizzard and liver percentage. The pHi of the broilers fed MRSBD was higher (p < 0.05) than the broilers on the control or malted white sorghum-based diet (MWSBD). Breast muscle crude fibre was the lowest (p ˂ 0.05) for the MRSBD and phosphorus was low (p ˂ 0.005) for MSBD broilers. The highest (p < 0.05) muscle potassium and magnesium was found in the control diet broilers. The carcass characteristics, internal organs, and meat quality traits of the broilers fed MSBD compared well to those fed the control diets. It is concluded that malted sorghum grains are a potential alternative energy source to maize for broiler diets and could reduce competition for maize grains between livestock and human use.

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Al-Hassani, Ali S., D. H. Al-Hassani et I. A. Abdul-Hassan. « INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF-2) GENE POLYMORPHISMS INFLUENCES CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILER CHICKENS ». IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 53, n^o 5 (25 octobre 2022) : 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i5.1639.

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This study aimed to investigate genetic variations of the IGF-2 gene and how these polymorphisms affect different biochemical markers was conducted in this study. Broiler chicks of 300 days of age were analyzed in this research (150 Cobb500 and 150 Hubbard F-15). Each bird's blood was used to get its unique DNA sequence. Multiple biochemical features were connected to IGF-2 genotypes found using PCR-RFLP. If you're looking for an easy way to raise your chickens' cholesterol levels, go no further than Cobb500 chickens with the "TT" genotype (p≤0.05). Hubbard F-15 broilers with the TT genotype exhibited substantially higher levels of LDL (p≤0.05) than those with the TC and CC genotypes. The LDL levels of Hubbard F-15 broilers were substantially greater than those of Cobb500 broilers (p ≤0.05). In male TC-type broilers, LDL levels were considerably (p ≤0.05) greater than those in the TC-type female broilers. The ALT enzyme activity of broilers with the TC genotype was substantially greater than that of broilers with the TT genotype (p≤0.05). Cobb500 broilers with the CC genotype had substantially lower AST enzyme activity than Cobb500 broilers with the TT or TC genotypes (p≤0.05). There was a significant difference (p≤ 0.05) in AST enzyme activity between the Hubbard F-15 broiler genotypes, TC and TT, and CC genotypes. IGF-2 gene polymorphisms were shown to have a greater impact on ALT and AST enzyme activity than other gene variations.

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Balami, A. G., A. G. Sule, S. J. Enam, J. J. Gadzama, J. J. Ndahi, M. Mustapha, L. Adamu, A. M. Wakawa, T. Aluwong et P. A. Abdu. « Effect of Moringa oleifera Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ‎during Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection in Broiler Chickens ». Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2021) : 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.229.

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This study was designed to assess the effect of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) on oxidative stress biomarkers in broiler chickens fed Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) supplemented feed. Two hundred- and forty-day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were randomly assigned into groups A, B, C and D of 60 chicks each.The chicks were raised on deep litter housing.Broiler starter (BS) and broiler finisher (BF) mash were formulated for broilers in groups A and B each with 5% MOL supplemented as part of the feed.while BS and BF were formulated without MOL for broilers in groups C and D. Broiler chickens in groups A, B and C were challenged with 0.05 ml of a live vvIBDV at 35 days of age, whereas those in group D served as controls. At days 35, 38, 42 and 49 of age, blood was collected from 10 broilers in each group via the wing vein to determine serum concentration of Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) using an Audiocomb Serum Auto-analyser.There was a significant increase in the concentration of CAT (P=0.0125) and GPx (P=0.0190), in broilers of group A at 38 days of age when compared with the control (group D). While the concentration of MDA increased significantly in broilers of group A (P=0.0004) at 42 days of age when compared with the control. Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation in the feed of broilers is shown to potentiate the antioxidant activities of CAT, GPx and MDA during infection with infectious bursal disease virus.

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Toaha, Shah Mohammad, Bazlur Rahman Mollah et Muslah Uddin Ahammad. « Use of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed for the production of safe broiler lean meat ». Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3, n^o 2 (19 août 2016) : 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i2.29356.

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An experiment was conducted for a period of 28 days to determine the dietary effect of fenugreek seeds (FGS) on the productive and economic performances of broilers. A total of 400 day-old Hubbard Classic straight run broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 isonitrogenous and iso-caloric dietary treatment groups, each having 80 chicks in 4 replications of 20 numbers, in a completely randomized design (CRD). Broilers were fed ad libitum on either basal diet with (positive control) or without (negative control) 0.1% antibiotic (used as antibiotic growth promoter; AGP) or basal diet containing 1.0%, 2.0% or 3.0% FGS. There were no differences in live weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatment groups for broilers up to 14 days of age (P>0.05). Broilers fed on the diet containing FGS exhibited significantly better productive performances than those fed on AGP (P<0.01). However, the highest productive performances were recorded for the 2.0% FGSfed broilers in all treatment groups, followed by broilers received 1.0% and 3% FGS (P<0.01). Inclusion of dietary FGS at 2% level resulted in higher dressed carcass, breast, thigh and drumstick meat weight compared to any other level of the FGS inclusion in broiler diet (P<0.01). Unlike the AGP, addition of 2% FGS to the diet significantly reduced abdominal fat (P<0.01). With regard to economic performance, broilers fed on diet containing 2% FGS fetched highest profit in the dietary treatment groups. Inclusion of FGS in broiler diet resulted in lower feed cost and higher profit compared to the inclusion of AGP in the diet. It may be concluded that supplementation of FGS in diets may be useful for efficient and economic production of broiler. The inclusion of FGS at 2% level in broiler diet may be profitable in the production of lean meat of broilers.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 305-314, August 2016

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VAN DE GIESSEN, A. W., J. J. H. C. TILBURG, W. S. RITMEESTER et J. VAN DER PLAS. « Reduction of campylobacter infections in broiler flocks by application of hygiene measures ». Epidemiology and Infection 121, n^o 1 (août 1998) : 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268898008899.

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Transmission routes of Campylobacter spp. in broilers and possibilities for prevention of infections were studied on two Dutch broiler farms. The occurrence of Campylobacter spp. was studied in successive broiler flocks, in the environment of the farms and in some of the parent flocks involved. Isolates of Campylobacter spp. were typed by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The results indicate that broiler flocks become infected from environmental sources. The typing results suggest that on one farm transmission of Campylobacter spp. occurred from cattle to broilers via the farmer's footwear. After several campylobacter positive broiler cycles hygiene measures, including thorough cleaning and disinfection procedures, change of footwear at the entrance of each broiler house, control of vermin and other hygienic precautions, were introduced on both farms in order to prevent transmission of Campylobacter spp. from the farm environment to the broilers. The results indicate that the application of hygiene measures significantly reduced campylobacter infections of broiler flocks on both farms.

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Sugiharto, Sugiharto. « Dietary strategies to alleviate high-stocking-density-induced stress in broiler chickens – a comprehensive review ». Archives Animal Breeding 65, n^o 1 (21 janvier 2022) : 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-21-2022.

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Abstract. Stocking broilers at a high density has been a strategy to optimize the area of the cage and hence increase the efficiency of broiler production. If the environmental (microclimate) conditions and rearing management are not properly managed, stocking broilers at a high density may, however, result in stressful conditions that are harmful for the production, health and welfare of broilers. To ameliorate these unfavorable effects of overcrowding stress, dietary interventions have been conducted. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, plant-derived products, vitamins, propolis, amino acids, fatty acids, etc. have been supplemented in diets to deal with the harmful impact of stress induced by a high stocking density of broilers. This review covers the detrimental effects of overcrowding-induced stress on broiler development and attempts to ameliorate those negative effects by dietary interventions.

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Bogosavljević-Bosković, S., V. Kurćubić, M. Petrović et V. Dosković. « The effects of season and rearing systems on meat quality traits ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 8 (5 décembre 2011) : 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3953-cjas.

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With the aim to examine the effect of season and rearing system on major broiler meat quality traits appropriate experimental investigations were conducted. Trial material included a total of 800 one-day-old broilers of the Hybro line hybrid. The experiment was organized in two replications, as trial I (conducted in the spring season) and trial II (conducted in the summer season). Two broiler fattening methods were employed, the intensive and semi-intensive one (using free-range rearing). The experimental chicks were slaughtered after seven weeks of fattening. Following the fattening period, 60 broilers (30 broilers from each experimental group) were chosen at random and slaughtered, with the aim of examining major broiler meat quality traits. At the slaughter line, determination of meat quantitative traits was done accompanied by sampling for chemical analyses. The rearing systems (intensive and semi-intensive system) affected significantly (P < 0.05) the proportion of class I meat in the broilers reared under the semi-intensive system, whereas in the class II and III meat proportions the rearing system did not exert any statistically significant effect (P > 0.05). The broilers reared under the semi-intensive system had a 1.44% higher proportion of muscular tissue on average than the intensively reared ones (P < 0.01). The bone and skin proportion was 0.82 and 0.67% lower in the broilers reared by the semi-intensive method (P < 0.05). The differences between the results of two trials organised at different seasons were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The broilers reared semi-intensively had a statistically highly significantly higher protein proportion (P < 0.01) in breasts, drumsticks and thighs compared to the intensively reared broilers. The broilers reared in the summer season had higher breast and drumstick proportions (P < 0.01) as well as a higher thigh proportion (P < 0.05). The effect of both the season and the rearing system on the lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). The lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was higher in the broilers during the summer season as well as in the intensively reared chicken. Finally, having thoroughly examined the research results, or more precisely, considering the established advantages in terms of the meat quality, the use of the free-range broiler rearing system can be deemed scientifically and professionally justifiable.

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Sari, Ayu Intan. « Evaluasi Adopsi Inovasi Feed Additive Herbal untuk Ternak Ayam Pedaging ». Sains Peternakan 7, n^o 2 (27 octobre 2016) : 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.7.2.87-97.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate technically and economical adoption of herbal feed additive innovation for broiler. This research was conducted from August to October 2008, in the broiler farm at Karanganyar, Sragen, and Boyolali by using research based method of descriptive analysis. The respondents of the research were 34 farmers selected by using purposive convenience sampling. Evaluation technical adoption of herbal feed additive innovation, was analyzes base on the respondent’s answer to questionnaire which draw a process adoption of innovation, consist of the first reason of farmer apply innovation, process receiving innovation and the difficulties and in apply innovation. The result of research shows based on technical evaluation result there differences adoption innovation process on adopter category early and late, it is first reason receive innovation where on early adopter category because on broiler production higher (52,94%), while the first reason for late adopter category in receive innovation because to save production cost (47,06%). The result also shows that early adopter category of farmers (58,82%) not found difficulties in apply innovation feed additive, while in late category adopter (52,94%) . Found difficulties in apply innovation feed additive. Base on economic evaluation value, the income of broilers farm without using feed additive herbal at scale > 8.000 broiler Rp 2.392,18 per broiler, scale 3001– 8.000 broilers Rp 1.910,54 per broiler, and the income at scale < 3000 broilers Rp 1.616,59 per broiler. Income of broilers farm with using feed additive herbal base on scale > 8.000 broilers Rp 2.557,19 per broiler, scale 3001- 8000 broilers Rp 1.767,15 per broiler. The conclusion from this research are different evaluation score technical adoption innovation feed additive herbal at the early and late adopter category, it is on the first reason in receive innovation where the early adopter category because of the broilers productivity higher, while late adopter category in receive innovation because the save the production cost. Base on economic evaluation result, there is increase income received by farmers after using innovation feed additive herbal and more scale broilers farm, so the advantage which get also bigger. Key words: Technical evaluation, economic evaluation, adoption invation, herbal feed additive

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Sari, Ayu Intan. « Evaluasi Adopsi Inovasi Feed Additive Herbal untuk Ternak Ayam Pedaging ». Sains Peternakan 7, n^o 2 (27 octobre 2016) : 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v7i2.1088.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate technically and economical adoption of herbal feed additive innovation for broiler. This research was conducted from August to October 2008, in the broiler farm at Karanganyar, Sragen, and Boyolali by using research based method of descriptive analysis. The respondents of the research were 34 farmers selected by using purposive convenience sampling. Evaluation technical adoption of herbal feed additive innovation, was analyzes base on the respondent’s answer to questionnaire which draw a process adoption of innovation, consist of the first reason of farmer apply innovation, process receiving innovation and the difficulties and in apply innovation. The result of research shows based on technical evaluation result there differences adoption innovation process on adopter category early and late, it is first reason receive innovation where on early adopter category because on broiler production higher (52,94%), while the first reason for late adopter category in receive innovation because to save production cost (47,06%). The result also shows that early adopter category of farmers (58,82%) not found difficulties in apply innovation feed additive, while in late category adopter (52,94%) . Found difficulties in apply innovation feed additive. Base on economic evaluation value, the income of broilers farm without using feed additive herbal at scale > 8.000 broiler Rp 2.392,18 per broiler, scale 3001– 8.000 broilers Rp 1.910,54 per broiler, and the income at scale < 3000 broilers Rp 1.616,59 per broiler. Income of broilers farm with using feed additive herbal base on scale > 8.000 broilers Rp 2.557,19 per broiler, scale 3001- 8000 broilers Rp 1.767,15 per broiler. The conclusion from this research are different evaluation score technical adoption innovation feed additive herbal at the early and late adopter category, it is on the first reason in receive innovation where the early adopter category because of the broilers productivity higher, while late adopter category in receive innovation because the save the production cost. Base on economic evaluation result, there is increase income received by farmers after using innovation feed additive herbal and more scale broilers farm, so the advantage which get also bigger. Key words: Technical evaluation, economic evaluation, adoption invation, herbal feed additive

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Sarıca, Senay, Menderes Suicmez et Muzaffer Corduk. « Effects of Essential Oils for Broiler Chicks with Delayed Feeding after Hatching 2. Morphological Development of Small Intestine ». Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, n^o 10 (1 octobre 2018) : 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1347-1352.1847.

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The study investigated the effects of oregano- or red pepper-essential oil at delayed feeding (0, 24 and 48 h post-hatching) on performance and morphological development of small intestine segments. Female broilers were fed one of 3 rations including a control ration with no essential oil (CONT), the rations added with either oregano essential oil (OEO) or red pepper essential oil (RPEO) at 250 mg/kg to CONT. A total of 18 chicks from each treatment were used to measure the morphological parameters of the small intestine segments on the 14th day. Prolongation of accessing time to ration significantly decreased the body weights of broilers at 3rd, 7th and 14th d, feed intake (FI) from 4 to 7 d and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers at the period of 4-7 d. Access to ration for 48 h post-hatching significantly decreased the body weight gains at the period of 4-7 and 7-14 d, FI from 7 to 14 d and improved FCR of broilers at the period of 7-14 d. OEO250 ration significantly increased villus height (VH) and villus surface area (VSA) of jejunum (J) and ileum (I) of broilers fed immediately and the IVH and IVSA of broiler accessed to ration for 48 h post-hatching. VH of duodenum (D), IVH and IVSA of broilers fed for 24 h post-hatching were significantly increased by RPEO250 ration. OEO250 and RPEO250 rations significantly reduced crypt depth (CD) of D and J of broiler accessed to ration for immediate and DCD of broiler fed for 24 h post-hatching. OEO250 and RPEO250 rations significantly increased IVH and IVSA and reduced DCD, JCD and ICD of broilers. In conclusion, OEO250 and RPEO250 rations affected positively VH and VSA of I and reduced CDs of small intestine segments of broilers accessed to ration at different times.

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Leão, Philipe A., Camila I. Amaral, Willian H. M. Santos, Matheus V. L. Moreira, Leticia B. de Oliveira, Erica A. Costa, Mauricio Resende, Raphael Wenceslau et Roselene Ecco. « Retrospective and prospective studies of transmissible viral proventriculitis in broiler chickens in Brazil ». Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, n^o 3 (26 mars 2021) : 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211004106.

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We investigated the occurrence and pathologic findings of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) associated with the chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in commercial broiler chickens in southeastern Brazil. Seventy-three broilers, 25–36 d old, with a history of reduced growth, were referred to our veterinary pathology services from 2013 to 2017. Broilers were clinically examined, weighed, and euthanized for postmortem examination. Broilers of different ages with proventricular histologic lesions were positive for CPNV by RT-PCR; however, the intensity of histologic lesions was higher among 33-d-old animals, and viral RNA detection was more frequent among those that were 28 d old. In the proventriculi of 35 of 73 (48%) broilers, lesions were characterized by glandular epithelial necrosis, lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltrates, and metaplasia of glandular epithelium to ductal epithelium. In 24 of 73 (36%) broilers with histologic TVP-compatible lesions, CPNV was detected by RT-PCR for the viral protein 1 ( VP1) gene. Broilers with histologic lesions were lighter than expected compared to the Cobb 500 standard weight. TVP has not been reported previously in broiler chickens in Brazil, to our knowledge.

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Kittelsen, Käthe, Erik Granquist, Agnete Aunsmo, Randi Moe et Elisiv Tolo. « An Evaluation of Two Different Broiler Catching Methods ». Animals 8, n^o 8 (15 août 2018) : 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8080141.

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Catching is the first step in the pre-slaughter chain for broiler chickens. The process may be detrimental for animal welfare due to the associated handling. The aim of this pilot study was to compare two different methods to manually catch broilers: Catching the broilers by two legs and carrying them inverted (LEGS) or catching the broilers under the abdomen and carrying them in an upright position (UPRIGHT). Wing and leg fractures upon arrival at the abattoir, animal density in the drawers, birds on their back, broilers dead-on-arrival and time to fill the transport modules were investigated. The results showed that mean crating time was shorter in the UPRIGHT method (p = 0.007). There was a tendency for more wing fractures in broilers caught by the LEGS (p = 0.06). The animal density in the drawers was lower and with a smaller range in the UPRIGHT method (p = 0.022). The results indicate that catching the broilers under the abdomen in an upright position may improve broiler welfare in terms of fewer wing fractures, more consistent stocking density in drawers and potentially reduced loading time.

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NORSTRÖM, M., G. JOHNSEN, M. HOFSHAGEN, H. THARALDSEN et H. KRUSE. « Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from Broilers and Broiler House Environments in Norway ». Journal of Food Protection 70, n^o 3 (1 mars 2007) : 736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.3.736.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni collected from the environment outside four broiler houses (n = 63) and from the environment inside these broiler houses (including broiler droppings) (n = 36) from May to September 2004 was studied and compared with isolates from Norwegian broilers analyzed within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring program of antimicrobial resistance in feed, food, and animals (NORM-VET) in 2004 (n = 75). The MICs of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained by the broth microdilution method VetMIC. The present study, which to our knowledge is the first Norwegian study on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from the environment of broiler houses, revealed a very low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from the broilers and broiler house environments studied. All isolates originating from the four broiler houses studied were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except for one isolate from the outdoor environment (courtyard soil), which was resistant to oxytetracycline (MIC, 8 mg/liter). For the isolates from broilers (NORM-VET), low prevalences of resistance to oxytetracycline (1.3%) and ampicillin (4%) were observed. No quinolone resistance was observed. The results for the broiler isolates are in agreement with the earlier findings of a very low prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter from broilers in Norway, which reflects the low usage of antimicrobials in Norwegian broiler production. Furthermore, the present data are in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. jejuni from domestically acquired human cases.

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Obikaonu, H. O., et A. B. I. Udedibie. « Performance of growing pigs and finisher broilers housed together ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 31, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2021) : 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v31i1.1453.

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Growth performance and cost of feeding young growing pigs and finisher broilers under integrated broiler pig production system were investigated. Four young growing pigs (the control) were housed in pen A and fed B of their body weight as commercial growers feed. Another 4 were housed in pen B with broilers in cages placed above them and given 2% of their body weight as commercial growers feed and allowed to make up with droppings from the broilers above. Another 4 were housed without broilers in pen C and given 2% of their body weight as commercial growers feed and droppings collected from broilers housed without pigs in pen D. Each pig within a treatment was tagged and regarded as a replicate. The broilers were put in the cages at week 5 and given broiler finisher feed ad libitum. They were removed at 9 weeks of age and replaced with another batch similarly raised, a process that was repeated 3 times in the 12-week trial. The growth rate of the pigs of the control group was statistically similar to that of the group housed with broilers (P>0.05) bur significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the group housed without broilers. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio of the broilers housed with pigs and those housed without pigs. Cost analysis of the production systems showed that N104.00 was spent on feed to produce 1.0kg live weight of pigs in the control group and N65.00 for the other two groups.

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Balami, A. G., J. J. Ndahi, J. J. Gadzama, S. J. Enam, P. A. Abdu, A. M. Wakawa et T. Aluwong. « Growth Performance of Broilers fed Moringa oleifera Supplemented Feed ‎and Challenged with a very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ». Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, n^o 3 (28 septembre 2020) : 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i3.109.

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A study was conducted to assess the growth performance of broiler chickens fed Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) feed supplement and challenged with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Two hundred and forty day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were randomly assigned into groups A, B, C and D of 60 chicks each and were raised in deep litter housing. Broiler starter (BS) and broiler finisher (BF) mash were formulated each with 5% MOL included as part of the feed ingredient for broilers in groups A and B while BS and BF for broilers in groups C and D were formulated without MOL. Broiler chickens in groups A, B and C were challenged at 35 days of age with 0.05 ml of a live vvIBDV, while those in group D served as control. Daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average body weight gain (ABWG) was used to assess the growth performance. At 42 and 49 days of age, significant difference was observed in the feed intake of broilers in groups A, B and C when compared with group D (p = 0.0001). At 49 days of age, broilers in group A and D significantly (p = 0.0001) added more weight than those in groups B and C respectively. Broilers in group B had a significantly (p = 0.0006) lower FCR than those in group A, C and D at 28, 35 and 42 days of age. Despite the challenge with vvIBDV, MOL inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens resulted in reduced DFI, good FCR, increased ABWG and final body weight and carcass weight.

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Peralta, M. F., A. Nilson, V. N. Grosso, A. Senz, A. Soltermann et R. D. Miazzo. « STEVIA (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) Extract : A Natural Alternative in Broilers Nutrition ». Applied Science and Innovative Research 4, n^o 4 (19 novembre 2020) : p38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v4n4p38.

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The aim was to evaluate Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) extract (SE) effects on performance productive and gut health variables in broilers from 1 to 15 days old. SE from Stevia leaves was added to broilers diet (0.5% to 1%). Seventy-five Ross male broilers (1 to 15 days old) were distributed into T1: commercial type, without SE, T2: T1 plus 0.5% SE, T3: T1 plus 1% SE. Performance productive were measured as Average Daily Weight Gain (g/broiler/day), Average Daily Consumption Feed (g/broiler/day) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). At 15 days of age, all the broilers were dissected, gut removed and processed for histomorphometric study. In gut was measured VH/CD Ratio. Results: FCR was better (P ? 0.05) in T3 and T2 than T1. In gut, VH/CD ratios showed T2 < T3 < T1 (P ? 0.05). Goblet cells number and mucus layer height were increased in broilers receive SE, especially in T2 and plasmatic cells number increased in T3. Conclusion: SE (0.5% to 1%) enhanced gut histomorphometric variables, improved gut health, mainly when SE is added at 0.5% in the broiler diet from 1 to 15 days old. It was reflexed in a better FCR in both groups received this phytobiotic.

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Ying, Linlin, Maria Tabassum Chaudhry, Fenglin Xiao, Yanjun Mao, Mi Wang, Bo Wang, Shanshan Wang et Yao Li. « The Effects and Mechanism of Quercetin Dietary Supplementation in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Arbor Acre Broilers ». Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (10 février 2020) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9585047.

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Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is widely distributed as a secondary metabolite in the plant kingdom. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The present study investigated the effects of quercetin dietary supplementation on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced hyperglycemic Arbor Acre (AA) broilers by determining the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), biochemical indicators, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines content, antioxidant enzymes activities in tissues, and mRNA expression of genes relating to the insulin signaling pathway. Three hundred one-day-old healthy AA broilers were randomly assigned into 5 treatments; A, control healthy broilers; B, STZ-induced broilers; C, STZ-induced broiler dietary supplemented with 0.02% quercetin; D, STZ-induced broiler dietary supplemented with 0.04% quercetin; and E, STZ-induced broiler dietary supplemented with 0.06% quercetin. The results showed that quercetin supplementation relieved the side effects of STZ-induced oxidative stress by changing activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, activating expression of genes relating to PI3K/PKB signaling pathway that modulate glucose metabolism and reduce oxidative damage, thereby decreasing FBG and increasing FINS levels. These findings suggest that quercetin exhibits a protective effect in STZ-induced hyperglycemic AA broilers via decreasing oxidative stress.

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Kishniaikina, Е. A., et К. V. Zhuchaev. « Effect of thyme extract on fertility and survival of ISA F-15 broilers ». Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), n^o 4 (23 décembre 2018) : 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2018-49-4-74-80.

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The paper highlights the research conducted in order to assess the effect of different doses of thyme extract on the productive properties and livability of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted at a broiler poultry farm with a closed production cycle; the experiment assumed the control group and 5 experimental groups where each group contained 37 broilers at floor housing. The broilers of the 1st experimental group were fed with the extract of medicinal plant thyme dosed 2 mg/kg; broilers of the 2nd group received thyme extract dosed 4 mg/kg; 3rd group of broilers – 6 mg/kg, 4th group -8 mg/kg, and the dosage of the thyme extract was 10 mg/kg for broilers in the 5th experimental group. The authors controlled the live weight of broilers in each group by means of individual weighing every 7 days. Using this data the researchers calculated average daily body weight gain, absolute and relative gain; feed consumption was daily calculated. Feed consumption became the basis for calculating feed costs per a kilo of live weight gain. The authors recorded the number of daily fallen chickens. The data on poultry loss was the basis for calculating poultry livability. In order to assess production efficiency, the European productivity index was calculated. The research results indicate the efficiency of thyme extract application in different doses when feeding the broiler. Application of thyme extract in feeding meat poultry allowed to increase productive properties of broilers from experimental groups from 2.3 to 4.7%, reduce feed costs per a kilo by 1.1-8.1%, increase poultry livability on 2.7-8.1% and increase the European productivity index in the experimental groups on 0.2 21.3%.

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Nwaigwe, Chioma U., John I. Ihedioha, Shodeinde V. Shoyinka et Chukwuemeka O. Nwaigwe. « Evaluation of the hematological and clinical biochemical markers of stress in broiler chickens ». October-2020 13, n^o 10 (2020) : 2294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2294-2300.

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Background and Aim: Stress significantly affects health and productivity of animals. There is need for affordable and easy-to-assay markers of physiological stress in broilers. This study evaluated hematological and serum biochemical markers of physiologic stress in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Thirty day-old broiler chickens were assigned to three groups of ten broilers each during the 56-day study. Group 1 broilers served as the control and were not exposed to any stressors; Group 2 broilers were stocked at the stress density of 50 kg BW m–2 from day 49 to 56 while Group 3 broilers had their feed withdrawn 36 h before blood collection on day 56. Blood samples were collected on day 49 (pre-stress sample) and day 56 (post-stress sample) from all the birds and subjected to hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Results: The parameters did not vary significantly (p>0.05) pre-stress. Post-stress, there were significant variations in the heterophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts and in the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio across the three groups. The concentrations of the plasma fibrinogen and serum albumins, sodium, and sodium to potassium ratio of the broilers varied significantly across the groups. Conclusion: Heterophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte counts, the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, plasma fibrinogen, serum albumin, sodium, and sodium to potassium ratio are significant markers of physiological stress in broilers.

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GEORGIADES (Γ.Κ. ΓΕΩΡΓΙΑΔΗΣ), G. K. « Detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in day-old broiler chicks and broilers ». Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 53, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2018) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15357.

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During the last decade, in die Clinic of Poultry Diseases, 882 sera were examined for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M.g.) and Mycoplasma synoviae (M.s.), which are usually involved in the respiratory diseases of broilers. Out of these sera, 188 derived from day-old broiler chicks and 694 from broilers with respiratory disease. Rapid serum agglutination test was used as diagnostic method. Among day-old broiler chick sera, 40 (21.27%) were M.g. positive, while 76 (40.42%) were M.s. positive. Among broiler sera, 133 (19.16%) were M.g. positive, while 356 (51.29%) were M.s. positive. The results of the present study show that the prevalence of the M.s. positive sera is significantly higher (P<0.001) than this of the M.g. positive sera, not only in day-old broiler chicks, but also in broilers, which indicates the greater importance of M.s. in the occurrence of respiratory disease in these birds.

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Lala, A. O., A. O. Oso, A. O. Fafiolu, A. M. Bamigbose, D. Eruvbetine et M. Bemji. « The effects of instant noodles waste in diets for broiler chickens ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, n^o 2 (1 février 2021) : 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i2.2800.

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The effects of instant noodles waste (INW) as a replacement for maize was investigated using 144 day-old, unsexed broiler chicks of Anak strain which were randomly assigned into four dietary treatment groups of 36 birds each. Each dietary treatment group had 3 replicates of 12 broilers per replicate. These four different diets were fed, in which INW replaced maize at 0% (control), 10, 20 and 30% from day old to 8 weeks of age. The growth performance, nutrient digestibility, haematological parameters and carcass traits of the chickens were evaluated. Average final live from 1559.44 g to 1730.91g with broilers fed control diet and 30% INW diet recording the highest and least values respectively among the treatments. Broilers fed the 30 % INW had lower (P< 0.05) live weight. Broilers fed INW based diets had higher blood profile comparable to the control. The results indicated that INW can replace up to 20% of broiler starter diet and 30% replacement of maize at the finisher phase without adverse effects on growth performance of the broilers.

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Cahaner, A., et N. Deeb. « Reduced heat tolerance in fast-growing broilers ». BSAP Occasional Publication 27 (2000) : 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500040589.

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Broiler breeders conduct their breeding programs only in optimal environments, claiming that because farmers are instructed to provide the broilers with optimal management, genotype by environment interactions (GxE) are not important for the broiler industry. However, with the rapid development of the poultry industry worldwide, high-performance broiler stocks are now being imported to developing countries where environmental control, mainly the mitigation of hot climates, is not feasible. Moreover, results from several studies suggest that due to the increase in genetic potential for rapid growth rate, resulting from successful breeding programs, broilers are becoming more sensitive to rather small environmental deviations from optimal conditions (Leenstra and Cahaner, 1991; Cahaner and Leenstra, 1992; Cahaner et al., 1993; Settar et al., 1999; Yunis et al, 1999). Hence, also in developed countries, many broilers will be, or are already being reared under suboptimal hot environments.

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van der Wielen, Paul W. J. J., Steef Biesterveld, Servé Notermans, Harm Hofstra, Bert A. P. Urlings et Frans van Knapen. « Role of Volatile Fatty Acids in Development of the Cecal Microflora in Broiler Chickens during Growth ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, n^o 6 (1 juin 2000) : 2536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.6.2536-2540.2000.

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ABSTRACT It is known that volatile fatty acids can inhibit growth of species of the family Enterobacteriaceae in vitro. However, whether these volatile fatty acids affect bacterial populations in the ceca of chickens is unknown. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate if changes in volatile fatty acids in ceca of broiler chickens during growth affect bacterial populations. Results showed that members of theEnterobacteriaceae and enterococci are present in large numbers in 3-day-old broilers and start to decrease when broilers grow older. Lactobacilli are present in large numbers as well in 3-day-old broilers, but they remain stable during the growth of broilers. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate increase from undetectable levels in 1-day-old broilers to high concentrations in 15-day-old broilers, after which they stabilize. Significant negative correlations could be calculated between numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and concentrations of undissociated acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Furthermore, pure cultures of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the ceca were grown in the presence of volatile fatty acids. Growth rates and maximal optical density decreased when these strains grew in the presence of increasing volatile fatty acid concentrations. It is concluded that volatile fatty acids are responsible for the reduction in numbers of Enterobacteriaceae in the ceca of broiler chickens during growth.

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Hudák, Marek, Boris Semjon, Dana Marcinčáková, Lukáš Bujňák, Pavel Naď, Beáta Koréneková, Jozef Nagy, Martin Bartkovský et Slavomír Marcinčák. « Effect of Broilers Chicken Diet Supplementation with Natural and Acidified Humic Substances on Quality of Produced Breast Meat ». Animals 11, n^o 4 (10 avril 2021) : 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041087.

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This study was conducted to examine the effect of two humic substances (HS) supplemented in broilers’ diet on the breast meat quality of broiler chickens. In this experiment, 120 pieces of one-day-old COBB500 broiler chickens were used. Broilers were divided into three groups, each containing 40 birds with three replications (13, 13, and 14 per one pen). Fattening lasted 38 days. The first experimental diet was supplemented with 0.7% of HS (HS0.7) and the second was enriched with 0.7% of acidified HS (HSA0.7). The control group of broilers (C) was fed a basal diet without the addition of any supplements. HS0.7 samples had the highest total protein content and the lowest content of fat (p < 0.01). The effects of broiler diet and storage had a significant impact on the pH of breast samples, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. Supplementation of HS in broiler diet positively affected the lipid oxidation of breast meat samples, as indicated by the lower malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). HSA0.7 samples had significantly better juiciness after the storage period (p < 0.001). The quality of meat produced with supplementation of HS in broilers’ feed can be considered as valuable in human nutrition due to improved protein and fat content with decreased lipid oxidation.

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Mutia, Rita, Laily Rinda Ardani et Widya Hermana. « Evaluation of Probiotics as an Alternative a Substitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) on Carcass Percentage and Physical Quality of Broiler’s Meat ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1020, n^o 1 (1 avril 2022) : 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1020/1/012018.

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Abstract The addition probiotics brings several benefit including protect the environment by reducing ammonia gas. This research aims to evaluate probiotics as a substitute for AGP on carcass percentage and physical quality of broiler’s meat. This experiment used 300 Lohmann broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 3 groups of treatment and 5 replications in each treatment during the 35 days. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments, there are P0: (basal diet); P1: (P0 + AGP zinc bacitracin 0.04%); P2: (P0 + probiotics in drinking water). The parameters measured were carcass percentage, pH, tenderness, meat cooking loss, water holding capacity and organoleptic. All data collected within the present study were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and if there were significant differences further tests needed to be performed with Duncan’s multiple range test by SPSS version 25. The results showed that the probiotics not significantly (P>0.05) influenced carcass percentage, pH, cooking loss, and organoleptic values include aroma and flavor of broiler’s meat. The probiotics significantly (P<0.05) influenced tenderness, water holding capacity and organoleptic value including texture of broiler’s meat. From these results, it can be concluded that probiotics increased the tenderness of meat and water binding capacity. Probiotics also influence the consumer’s taste for the texture of broiler meat. The AGP can be replaced by probiotics for broilers.

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Skrbic, Zdenka, Milos Lukic, Veselin Petricevic, Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, Natasa Tolimir, Vladimir Doskovic et Simeon Rakonjac. « Effects of intensity of light and stocking density on broiler body weight and yield of valuable carcass parts ». Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 34, n^o 1 (2018) : 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1801083s.

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In order to determine the effect of intensity of light and stocking density, as well as the interaction of light intensity x stocking density on body weight and individual carcass traits, an experiment was performed on 1200 broilers of the Ross 308 genotype. The investigated factors were the intensity of light (LI): 20 lx (K) ; 150 lx (O) and stocking density (SD): 10 broilers/m2 (A); 13 broilers/m2 (B); 15 broilers/m2 (C), in 4 repetitions. The light source was incandescent bulbs of adequate intensity and a light program 16L: 4D: 2L: 2D was applied. Broiler body weight was controlled on 11th, 21st, 35th and 42nd day, by individual measurement of all chickens in the trial. The average sample containing 12 chickens per treatment with equal gender representation (total of 72 broilers) was used to study the slaughter quality of carcasses based on the parameters of absolute and relative yield of more valuable carcass parts (breast, thighs and drumsticks) and meat in the more valuable parts of the carcass. The effect of light with different intensity on the body weight differed depending on the broiler rearing phase. The interaction effect of the intensity of light and stocking density on the body weight of broilers was confirmed in all stages of growing up to the age of 42 days. A higher intensity of light (150 lx) showed the potential to alleviate the negative effects of higher stocking density (15 broilers/m2) on the final body weight of the broiler. The carcass traits were not significantly affected by the intensity of the light, while the stocking density, as well as the intensity of the light x stocking density did influence the yield of whole breast and the yield of breast meat.

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Qiao, Yingying, Oleksandr Kyselov et Changzhong Liu. « EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM RELATIVELY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE USE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILERS ». Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series : Livestock, n^o 2 (41) (26 octobre 2020) : 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2020.2.2.

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The experiment aims to study the effects of long-term relatively high and low temperatures on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out in Yunnan Academy of Animal Science, for determine the quality of meat used the laboratories of Henan Institute of Science and Technology. A total of experiment use 240 healthy 1-day-old Avian broiler chickens were randomly divided into three groups: relatively high temperature group, low temperature group and control group. The results of the experiment confirm that at low temperatures, when the energy consumption of the animal decreases, it leads to weight loss, which we can see in the low-temperature group, the average daily weight gain in this experiment was significantly lower than in the control group (P <0.05). It was found that low-temperature stress significantly increased the mortality of broilers, at the age of 42 days in the low-temperature group, the mortality of chickens was higher than in the control group, by 71.4%. Among all evaluated groups on the content of unsaturated fatty acids SFA, PUFA, MUFA and EFA in the muscles of the breasts of broilers, the lowest content was in the lower temperature group than in the control group, by 48.3%, 46.9%, 51.5% and 43.9%. Studies have shown that influence of high-temperature above 30°C causes disturbances in poultry behavior and physiology, leading to reduced production performance. Broilers aged 35-40 days experienced 31°C high-temperature stress and found that their performance and immunity decreased. Broilers feed intake and growth rate at 35°C high temperature were reduced by 13% and 32% than at 20°C. The results showed that: ① Relatively high temperature and low temperature for a long time reduced the growth performance and mortality of broilers, and long-term relatively low temperature decreased the slaughter performance of broilers.② Relatively high and low temperatures for a long period of time reduced the levels of serine, glycine, SFA, PUFA, USFA, EFA and MUFA in broiler breast muscles negative effect on meat quality. ③ The long-term relatively low temperature has a greater adverse effect on broilers than the long-term relatively high temperature. The results provided some theoretical basis for accurately setting the broiler breeding environment temperature, improving broiler quality, maximizing broiler production performance, and increasing the economic benefits of the farm.

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Marchi, Denis Fabrício, Alexandre Oba, Iris Lamberti Ziober, Adriana Lourenço Soares, Elza Iouko Ida et Massami Shimokomaki. « Development of a gas chamber for detecting broiler chicken halothane sensitivity and PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) meat formation ». Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, spe (novembre 2009) : 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000700024.

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The objective of this work was to investigate the use of a halothane to screen broiler chickens prone to develop PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) meat through a special gas chamber connected to a veterinarian anaesthetic apparatus developed in our laboratory. Anaesthesia was induced with approx. 3.0% halothane at a flow rate of 6.0 Lm-1 in pure oxygen for 5 min. Commercial male broilers (n=342) aged 46 days old were evaluated and classified as either halothane sensitive (HAL+) or insensitive (HAL-), depending on the leg rigidity response. Approximately 27.5% (n=94) of broilers were HAL+ and 72.5% (n=248) were HAL-. This is a simple and rapid technique to evaluate broiler sensitivity to halothane and identify broilers prone to develop PSE meat. The occurrence of PSE meat in HAL insensitive broiler chicken samples suggests that other factors are related to PSE occurrence.

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Hertamawati, Rosa Tri, Niswatin Hasanah et Adline Putri Sabrina. « EFEKTIVITAS TEPUNG DAUN SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata nees) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP PERFORMANS BROILER YANG TERINFEKSI Escherichia coli ». JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU 7, n^o 2 (29 août 2019) : 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v7i2.p247-250.

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Rapid broiler development is one of the reason farmers’ choice in raising broiler. The effect broiler become weak because of diseases even come from bacteria or viruses. One of the diseases which are leaded by bacteria which attack broiler oftenly is colibacillosis. The aim of this experiment was to examine the addition of sambiloto leaf meal on feed to the inhibition of bacterial development inside the body of infected Escherichia coli broiler toincrease broilers performance. This experiment used 100 day old chicks (DOC) of Cobb strain which were kept for five weeks. The experiment used completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications consisting of 5 broilers in each replication. The treatments were P0 = control (healthy broiler), P1 = P0 infected with Escherichia coli, P2 = P1 + 0,2% sambiloto leaf meal, P3 = P1 + 0,4% sambiloto leaf meal, P4 = P1 + 0,6% sambiloto leaf meal. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance. The variables observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and total colony bacteria in broiler excreta. The result showed that sambiloto leaf meals 0.6% have a significant effect in decreasing bacteria. Keywords: Antibacterial, Broilers, Eschericia coli, Performance, Sambiloto leaf meal

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Martinez-Lemus, Luis A., R. Kelly Hester, Elizabeth J. Becker, Joan S. Jeffrey et Ted W. Odom. « Pulmonary artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in a chicken model of pulmonary hypertension ». American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, n^o 1 (1 juillet 1999) : R190—R197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.1.r190.

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Among chicken strains, broilers are prone to pulmonary hypertension, whereas Leghorns are not. Relaxations to endothelium-dependent (ACh, A23187) and endothelium-independent [sodium nitroprusside (SNP), papaverine (PPV)] vasodilators were compared in preconstricted pulmonary artery (PA) rings from these chicken strains. ACh (10−7, 10−6, and 10−5 M)- and A23187 (10−6 and 10−5.5 M)-induced relaxations were smaller ( P < 0.05) in broilers than Leghorns. N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10−3.5 M) caused similar reductions in ACh-induced relaxations in both strains.l-Arginine (10−4 M) enhanced ACh-induced relaxations more in broilers than Leghorns. Relaxations to 10−10–10−6M SNP did not differ between strains, but were greater ( P < 0.05) in broilers than Leghorns at higher concentrations (10−5 and 10−4 M). PPV (10−4 M)- and SNP (10−4 M)-induced maximal relaxations were greater in broilers than in Leghorns (176.2 ± 14.7 vs. 120.9 ± 14.7% and 201.3 ± 7.8 vs. 171.2 ± 10.7%, respectively, P < 0.05). Broiler PA rings appear to have increased intrinsic tone and reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide activity, both of which may contribute to the susceptibility of broiler chickens to pulmonary hypertension.

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Habib, Masuma, Abu Jafur Md Ferdaus, Md Touhidul Islam, Begum Mansura Hassin et Md Shawkat Ali. « Evaluation of productive performance of broiler in response to Koroch (Pongamia pinnata) cake feeding ». Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3, n^o 2 (19 août 2016) : 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i2.29357.

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The study was conducted for a period of 28 days to investigate the response of broiler to the inclusion of de-oiled koroch (Pongamia Pinnata) seed cake in the diet of broiler. A total of 192 day-old broiler chicks were individually weighed and randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups having 4 replications of 12 chicks each, in a completely randomized design. Broilers under treatment 1 received a basal diet containing no koroch seed cake, considered as control; in treatment 2, 3 and 4, broilers were fed on basal diet containing 2%, 4% and 6% koroch seed cake, respectively. All productive performances (live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency) of broiler fed on koroch seed cake were significantly (P<0.01) depressed compared to the control. The degree of depression was increased with the increasing level of koroch seed cake in the diet at all ages of broiler. The meat yield parameters showed a non-significant (P>0.05) effect except for the percentage of dressing yield, breast, liver and gizzard weight for the broilers in all treatment groups. Broilers fed on diet containing 6% koroch seed cake yielded the lowest dressed weight in the treatment groups. Inclusion of 2% koroch seed cake resulted in higher breast meat yield compared to any other level of koroch cake inclusion in the diet (P<0.01). However, liver and gizzard weight were increased significantly (P<0.05) for incorporation of de-oiled koroch seed cake in the diet at all levels (2%, 4% or 6%). On the basis of these results it is concluded that feeding de-oiled koroch cake had no positive effect on growth response and meat yield characteristics of broiler. Therefore, it is suggested that the koroch seed cake may contain anti-nutritional factor(s), which seemed to be associated with growth depression in broilers. Further research is warranted to alleviate the potential toxic effect of koroch seed cake on broiler performances.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 315-321, August 2016

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AMAEFULE, K. U., et F. C. OBIOHA. « PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF DIETS CONTAINING RAW, BOILED OR DEHULLED PIGEONPEA SEED MEALS (Cajanusc cajan) FED TO BROILER FINISHERS ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, n^o 2 (4 janvier 2021) : 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i2.1860.

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One hundred and eighty, 4-week old broilers were used to study the performance of broiler finishers fed diets containing raw, boiled or dehulled pigeonpea seed meals included at levels of 30 and 40% of the diets in a 33 x2 factorially designed experiment. Performance criteria were daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), nutrient utilization and final liveweight of the broilers at the end of 8" week. Results showed that dehulled seed meal diet produced broilers with the highest daily weight gain, final liveweight and protein efficiency ratio, lowest feed intake, FCR and daily protein intake. Broilers fed boiled seed meal diet performed significantly better than those fed raw seed meal diet in all measurements. Broilers fed on 30% inclusion level of PPSM gave better results than those on 40% which significantly depressed growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency and increased protein intake. The interaction between processing methods and inclusion levels were not significant. There was a higher nutrient utilization of dehulled and boiled PPSM diets by broilers than the raw seed meal. Increase in the level of inclusion generally decreased protein retention except for the dehulled PPSM diet. It is concluded that a better option is to dehull boiled pigeonpea seeds and include the meal at not more than 30% of the whole ration for broiler finishers.

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Wang, Weiwei, Huiyi Cai, Anrong Zhang, Zhimin Chen, Wenhuan Chang, Guohua Liu, Xuejuan Deng, Wayne L. Bryden et Aijuan Zheng. « Enterococcus faecium Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization ». Animals 10, n^o 7 (20 juillet 2020) : 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071232.

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Modern broiler chickens have ongoing bone health problems. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in bone development and increased understanding of P metabolism should improve the skeletal health of broilers. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as a probiotic in broiler production and is shown to improve skeletal health of rats, but its effect on the bones of broilers remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and the associated changes in the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium improved P absorption through upregulation of the expression of intestinal NaP-IIb mRNA and increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase. These actions increased P retention and bone mineralization in E. faecium-treated broilers. The positive effects of E. faecium on P metabolism were associated with changes in the populations of the intestinal microbiota. There was increased relative abundance of the following genera, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Rikenella and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed gut microbiota populations of broilers, increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria, improved intestinal P absorption and bone forming metabolic activities, and decreased P excretion. E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers.

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