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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Brown thrasher »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 1 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Brown thrasher"

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Hunt, Jeffrey S., Eldredge Bermingham et Robert E. Ricklefs. « Molecular Systematics and Biogeography of Antillean Thrashers, Tremblers, and Mockingbirds (Aves : Mimidae) ». Auk 118, no 1 (1 janvier 2001) : 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.1.35.

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Abstract We constructed phylogenetic hypotheses for Greater and Lesser Antillean Mimidae, including five endemic species of tremblers and thrashers that represent the best plausible example of an avian radiation within the Lesser Antilles. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from analysis of 3,491 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and roughly 780 bp of the nuclear-encoded myoglobin gene. We used a subset of mtDNA gene sequences and pcrRFLP analysis to evaluate the phylogeographic relationships among individuals representing island populations of the Brown and Gray tremblers (Cinclocerthia ruficauda and C. gutturalis), Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus), Scaly-breasted Thrasher (Margarops fuscus), and Antillean and continental populations of the Tropical (Mimus gilvus) and Northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos). Phylogeographic analysis distinguished three strongly differentiated mtDNA clades among tremblers, as well as distinct southern (St. Lucia and Martinique) and northern (Dominica to Montserrat) mtDNA lineages of the Scaly-breasted Thrasher. Minor geographic subdivision was also observed between continental and Antillean populations of the Tropical Mockingbird. Phylogenetic analyses of species-level Mimidae relationships that are based on mtDNA and nuclear sequences provide strong support for the monophyly and Antillean origin of a clade that consists of the tremblers, Pearly-eyed Thrasher, and Scaly-breasted Thrasher, but reject the monophyly of the genus Margarops. Phylogenetic analysis cannot confirm the monophyly of all endemic Antillean mimids because of the apparently contemporaneous diversification of the Antillean White-breasted Thrasher (Ramphocinclus brachyurus) with the continental Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and Black Catbird (Melanoptila glabrirostris). However, an insertion and a deletion in the myoglobin intron 2 sequence support grouping the West Indian thrashers and tremblers, from which we infer that the endemic Lesser Antillean mimids are an indigenous radiation. Assuming a constant mtDNA clock for the Mimidae, the splitting of the Northern and Tropical mockingbird lineages is roughly contemporaneous with the separation of the three trembler clades, as well as the two Scaly-breasted Thrasher clades. Application of a mitochondrial DNA clock ticking at 2% sequence divergence per million years (Ma), suggests that the history of the endemic thrasher and trembler lineage in the West Indies extends back about 4 Ma, and the three distinct clades of tremblers split about 2 Ma ago.
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Rivers, James W., et Brett K. Sandercock. « PREDATION BY GRAY CATBIRD ON BROWN THRASHER EGGS ». Southwestern Naturalist 49, no 1 (mars 2004) : 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2004)049<0101:pbgcob>2.0.co;2.

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Cavitt, John F., Aaron T. Pearse et Todd A. Miller. « Brown Thrasher Nest Reuse : A Time Saving Resource, Protection from Search-Strategy Predators, or Cues for Nest-Site Selection ? » Condor 101, no 4 (novembre 1999) : 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1370076.

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Merrill, L., S. J. Chiavacci, R. T. Paitz et T. J. Benson. « Quantification of 27 yolk steroid hormones in seven shrubland bird species : interspecific patterns of hormone deposition and links to life history, development, and predation risk ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no 1 (janvier 2019) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0351.

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Steroid hormones play critical organizational and activational roles during vertebrate development, impacting everything from sexual differentiation to metabolic activity. For oviparous species such as birds, these hormones are transferred from female to egg during follicle maturation, and differences in relative and absolute concentrations of the steroid hormones may reflect differences in life history, developmental, and ecological conditions. Prior work on yolk steroid hormones has focused on a handful of candidate hormones (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone), but we used high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS–MS) to quantify 27 yolk steroids from the eggs of seven shrubland bird species (American Robin, Turdus migratorius Linnaeus, 1766; Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783); Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus, 1758); Eastern Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758); Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla (A. Wilson, 1810); Gray Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus, 1766); Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)). In addition to comparing steroid profiles across species, we conducted exploratory analyses to determine how the hormones clustered using a principal component (PC) approach and if PCs were correlated with aspects of egg resources (relative egg size, proportion yolk), life-history traits (embryonic and nestling development speed), and nest-predation risk (daily survival rate (DSR)). We documented substantial interspecific variation in both absolute and proportional endocrine profiles. PCAs indicated that glucocorticoids generally clustered together (PC1), but other classes of steroids did not. PC2 and PC3 strongly covaried with egg resources, DSR, and development speed, suggesting that they reflect adaptive patterns of maternal hormone deposition.
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Gibson, J. C., A. V. Suarez, D. Qazi, T. J. Benson, S. J. Chiavacci et L. Merrill. « Prevalence and consequences of ants and other arthropods in active nests of Midwestern birds ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no 8 (août 2019) : 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0182.

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Many organisms build nests which create unique microhabitats that are exploited by other animals. In turn, these nest colonizers may positively or negatively influence nest owners. Bird nests are known to harbor communities that include both harmful and possibly beneficial species. We quantified the nest arthropod communities of 10 bird species in Illinois, USA, along a land-use gradient, focusing on ant prevalence. We found eight ant species in nests, and for three species, at least part of their colonies inhabited nests. The odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile (Say, 1836)) was the most common species and maintained the largest colonies in nest material. Forest-cover percentage surrounding bird nests best predicted ant-colony presence. There was little evidence that ant presence influenced abundance or prevalence of other arthropods within nests with the exception of Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus, 1758)) nests, where a negative association between T. sessile presence and abundance of fly larvae was found. Breeding success did not differ between nests with and without ant colonies for any bird species. Ant species that exhibit polydomy and nomadism may be more likely to occupy ephemeral resources like bird nests than other ants. How widespread this phenomenon is and the degree of commensalism that both parties experience is unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Orrock, John L. « The effect of gut passage by two species of avian frugivore on seeds of pokeweed, Phytolacca americana ». Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no 4 (1 avril 2005) : 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-016.

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Although avian frugivores are known to be important dispersers of seeds of pokeweed, Phytolacca americana L., there are no studies that rigorously examine the effect of gut passage through avian frugivores on P. americana seeds. I examined how passage through avian frugivores affected the proportion of P. americana seeds germinating, the rate of germination (average number of days required for all seeds to germinate), and the total number of viable seeds. Field-collected fruits were either cleaned of pulp (control seeds), fed to northern Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), or fed to Brown Thrashers (Toxostoma rufum). The proportion of seeds germinating after passage through avian frugivores was greater than control seeds (0.88 vs. 0.67, respectively), but did not differ between Mockingbirds or Brown Thrashers. However, seeds consumed by Mockingbirds germinated significantly faster on average (4.2 d) compared with seeds consumed by Brown Thrashers (4.6 d). Consumption by either species led to faster germination than control seeds (5.5 d). The total number of viable seeds did not differ among seeds consumed by avian frugivores or control seeds. These results suggest that avian frugivores do not change the viability of P. americana seeds. Rather, avian frugivores shifted the timing of germination, such that more seeds germinate more quickly after passage through frugivores. The adaptive implications of accelerated germination following passage through frugivores are briefly discussed.Key words: dispersal, frugivore, germination, viability.
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Haas, Carola A., et Katherine H. Haas. « Brood Parasitism by Brown-Headed Cowbirds on Brown Thrashers : Frequency and Rates of Rejection ». Condor 100, no 3 (août 1998) : 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369720.

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Murphy, Michael T., et Robert C. Fleischer. « Body Size, Nest Predation, and Reproductive Patterns in Brown Thrashers and Other Mimids ». Condor 88, no 4 (novembre 1986) : 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368270.

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Goller, F., et R. A. Suthers. « Role of syringeal muscles in gating airflow and sound production in singing brown thrashers ». Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no 2 (1 février 1996) : 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.867.

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1. The role of syringeal muscles in song production, particularly in regulating airflow through the syrinx, was studied in singing brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum). In nine individuals, muscle activity was recorded electromyographically together with bilateral syringeal airflow, subsyringeal air sac pressure, and vocal output. 2. Dorsal muscles, m. syringealis dorsalis (dS) and m. tracheolateral dorsalis (dTB), are consistently activated during ipsilateral closing of the syrinx or increasing syringeal resistance, suggesting that their main role is adduction. This interpretation is supported by the motor patterns accompanying syllables with rapid oscillations in the rate of airflow. Bursts of electrical activity (2-10 ms) in dorsal muscles are precisely synchronized with decreasing airflow. 3. Electrical activity in m. tracheobronchialis ventralis (vTB) and m. tracheolateralis (TL) is associated with active abduction. An important contribution of vTB is to open the syringeal lumen for short inspirations in between syllables. In syllables with oscillatory flow modulations, vTB bursts show variable alignment with the phase of increasing flow. From this and activity during other syllables, it appears that, during phonation, vTB activity fine tunes the syringeal configuration, which is set by action of the dorsal muscles into a partially constricted state. 4. Activity in the ventral portion of TL, an extrinsic muscle, is strikingly similar to that of vTB, an intrinsic muscle, suggesting that the two muscles have a similar functional role. This supports the notion that intrinsic syringeal muscles of songbirds evolved from extrinsic muscles of nonpasserines. 5. M. syringealis ventralis (vS) does not appear to contribute directly to gating of airflow. Its activity is not consistently correlated with active changes in syringeal resistance. 6. Activity in m. sternotrachealis (ST) is most prominent during rapid changes in the rate of airflow or when switching between expiratory and inspiratory flow, suggesting a role in stabilizing the syringeal framework.
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Reichard, Dustin G., et J. Jordan Price. « Species recognition in a vocal mimic : repetition pattern not the only cue used by Northern Mockingbirds in discriminating songs of conspecifics and Brown Thrashers ». Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120, no 4 (décembre 2008) : 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/07-162.1.

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Livres sur le sujet "Brown thrasher"

1

Cade, Brian S. Habitat suitability index models : Brown thrasher. Washington, D.C : Western Energy and Land Use Team, Division of Biological Services, Research and Development, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1986.

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Hendricks, P. Roadside bird counts on BLM lands in Petroleum and Fergus counties, Montana. Helena, Mont : Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2000.

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WWF Attitude, Official Acclaim Strategy Guide. Glen Cove, NY : Acclaim Entertainment, Incorporated, 1999.

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4

Kilgo, James. Colors of Africa (Brown Thrasher Books) (Brown Thrasher Books). University of Georgia Press, 2007.

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5

Daughter of My People (Brown Thrasher Books) (Brown Thrasher Books). University of Georgia Press, 2007.

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Kay, Terry. The Year the Lights Came on (Brown Thrasher Books) (Brown Thrasher Books). University of Georgia Press, 2007.

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Kilgo, James. Inheritance of Horses (Brown Thrasher Books). University of Georgia Press, 1995.

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A Little Salvation : Poems Old and New (A Brown Thrasher Books Original) (A Brown Thrasher Books Original). University of Georgia Press, 2007.

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Peterkin, Julia. Scarlet Sister Mary : A Novel (Brown Thrasher Books). University of Georgia Press, 2004.

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Teal, John, et Mildred Teal. Portrait of an Island (Brown Thrasher Books Ser.). University of Georgia Press, 1997.

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