Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Budget carbone »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Budget carbone"
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Treiner, Jacques. "Jouer avec les chiffres du climat : une approche par budget carbone." Reflets de la physique, no. 43 (March 2015): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/201543046.
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Oghazi, N. Rezaei, T. Jusselme, and M. Andersen. "Carbon budgets at the component scale and their impacts on design choices: the façade as a case study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 15 (2023): 152016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/15/152016.
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Abstract In accordance with the Paris agreement, the Swiss Climate Strategy (SCS) defines the net-zero target to be reached before 2050, which demands for a thoughtful carbon budget allocation between the different contributors. Ongoing normalization tasks are currently defining life cycle carbon budgets at the building scale aligned with the SCS. While recent research has provided promising methodologies to break down a whole building’s carbon budget, SCS-aligned budgets cannot be calculated at the component scale yet. Having the ability to define carbon budgets at the components’ level could support a carbon-responsible design process by reducing the scope of the design problem: the idea is to ensure that the cumulative impact of all the building components (calculated per building energy reference area) remains below the allowed building carbon budget based on SCS targets. This would provide a straightforward link between SCS and carbon budgets at the component scale, a scale at which many decisions need to be taken during the design process. Moreover, based on the set SCS net-zero objectives to be reached by 2050, the carbon budget, whether for buildings or for their components, will have to decrease annually, thereby affecting design flexibility, i.e. the number of design solutions that can still comply with the building’s carbon budget on any specific year. The research presented in this paper aims to provide a framework able to set carbon budgets at the components’ scale and start discussing the consequences of such carbon budgets on façade design flexibility until 2050.
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BADER, Maaike Y., Gerhard ZOTZ, and Otto L. LANGE. "How to minimize the sampling effort for obtaining reliable estimates of diel and annual CO2 budgets in lichens." Lichenologist 42, no. 1 (2009): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282909990338.
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AbstractEstimating carbon budgets for poikilohydric organisms, such as lichens and bryophytes, requires methods other than those for homoiohydric plants due to a strong dependency of carbon gain on fluctuating hydration. This paper provides guidance with respect to optimal sampling strategies for estimating annual carbon budgets of lichens and bryophytes, based on a one-year dataset of half-hourly CO2-exchange readings on the epilithic placodioid lichen Lecanora muralis (syn. Protoparmeliopsis muralis) and tests the effects of reduced sampling frequencies and different temporal sampling schemes on carbon budget estimates. Both fine-scale sampling (measurements within a day) and large-scale sampling (selection of days within a year) are addressed.Lowering the sampling frequency within a day caused large deviations for 24-h (diel) budget estimates. Averaged over a larger number of days, these errors did not necessarily cause a large deviation in the annual budget estimate. However, the occurrence of extreme deviations in diel budgets could strongly offset the annual budget estimate. To avoid this problem, frequent sampling (c. every 1·5 hours) is necessary for estimating annual budgets. For estimating diel budgets and patterns a more frequent sampling (every c. 0·5 hours, balancing data resolution and disturbance) is often needed.Sampling fewer than 365 days in a given year inevitably caused estimates to deviate from the ‘true’ carbon budget, i.e. the annual budget based on half-hourly measurements during 365 days. Accuracy increased with total sample frequency, and blocking days caused larger deviations than sampling randomly or regularly spaced single days. Restricting sampling to only one season led to strongly biased estimates. The sampling effort required for a reliable estimate of the annual carbon balance of lichens based on simple extrapolations of diel carbon budgets is impracticably large. For example, a relatively large sample of 52 random days yielded an estimate within 25% of the true annual budget with only 60% certainty. Supporting approaches are therefore suggested, in particular extrapolating diel budgets using ‘weather response types’, possibly aided by diel activity patterns from chlorophyll fluorescence, or modelling CO2 exchange as a function of climatic conditions.
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Campbell, Ian D., Celina Campbell, Zicheng Yu, Dale H. Vitt, and Michael J. Apps. "Millennial-Scale Rhythms in Peatlands in the Western Interior of Canada and in the Global Carbon Cycle." Quaternary Research 54, no. 1 (2000): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2134.
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A natural ∼1450-yr global Holocene climate periodicity underlies a portion of the present global warming trend. Calibrated basal radiocarbon dates from 71 paludified peatlands across the western interior of Canada demonstrate that this periodicity regulated western Canadian peatland initiation. Peatlands, the largest terrestrial carbon pool, and their carbon-budgets are sensitive to hydrological fluctuations. The global atmospheric carbon-budget experienced corresponding fluctuations, as recorded in the Holocene atmospheric CO2 record from Taylor Dome, Antarctica. While the climate changes following this ∼1450-yr periodicity were sufficient to affect the global carbon-budget, the resultant atmospheric CO2 fluctuations did not cause a runaway climate–CO2 feedback loop. This demonstrates that global carbon-budgets are sensitive to small climatic fluctuations; thus international agreements on greenhouse gasses need to take into account the natural carbon-budget imbalance of regions with large climatically sensitive carbon pools.
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De Sisto, Makcim L., and Andrew H. MacDougall. "Effect of terrestrial nutrient limitation on the estimation of the remaining carbon budget." Biogeosciences 21, no. 21 (2024): 4853–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4853-2024.
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Abstract. The carbon cycle plays a foundational role in the estimation of the remaining carbon budget. It is intrinsic for the determination of the transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions and the zero-emissions commitment. For the terrestrial carbon cycle, nutrient limitation is a core regulation on the amount of carbon fixed by terrestrial vegetation. Hence, the addition of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in land model structures in Earth system models is essential for an accurate representation of the carbon cycle feedback in future climate projections. Therefore, the estimation of the remaining carbon budget is impacted by the representation of nutrient limitation in modelled terrestrial ecosystems; however, it is rarely accounted for. Here, we estimate the carbon budget and remaining carbon budget of a nutrient-limited Earth system model, using nitrogen and phosphorus cycles to limit vegetation productivity and biomass. We use eight Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (hereafter SSP) scenarios and idealized experiments with three distinct model structures: (1) carbon cycle without nutrient limitation, (2) carbon cycle with terrestrial nitrogen limitation, and (3) carbon cycle with terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. To capture the uncertainty in the remaining carbon budget, three different climate sensitives were tuned for each model version. Our results show that, overall, nutrient limitation reduced the remaining carbon budget for all simulations in comparison with the carbon cycle without nutrient limitation. Between nitrogen and nitrogen–phosphorus limitation, the latter had the lowest remaining carbon budget. The mean remaining carbon budgets obtained from the SSP scenario simulations for the 1.5 °C target in the non-nutrient-limited, nitrogen-limited, and nitrogen–phosphorus-limited models were 228, 185, and 175 Pg C, respectively, relative to the year 2020. For the 2 °C target, the mean remaining carbon budget values were 471, 373, and 351 Pg C for the non-nutrient-limited, nitrogen-limited, and nitrogen–phosphorus-limited models, respectively, relative to the year 2020. This represents a reduction of 19 % and 24 % for the 1.5 °C target and 21 % and 26 % for the 2 °C target for the respective nitrogen- and nitrogen–phosphorus-limited simulations compared with the non-nutrient-limited model. These results show that terrestrial nutrient limitation constitutes an important factor to be considered when estimating or interpreting remaining carbon budgets and that it is an essential uncertainty in the remaining carbon budgets from Earth system model simulations.
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Alaux, N., T. Lackner, S. Nabernegg, et al. "Carbon budget for national building stock life-cycle emissions: a novel approach." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 15 (2023): 152004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/15/152004.
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Abstract Following the Paris Agreement, many countries such as Switzerland or Denmark have derived carbon budgets for their national building stock to support local policies by creating benchmarks. The aim is to calculate a quota for carbon emissions that a country can spend on its building stock by 2050 to ensure that it stays within a 1.5°C trajectory. The underlying allocation principle almost exclusively follows this procedure: (i) allocating the global budget to the national level, (ii) further allocating the national budget to the sectoral level, and (iii) to the building stock level (or even further down to the district or building level). However, this procedure of budget allocation does not do justice to the cross-sectoral and international nature of the national building stock’s life-cycle emissions. We propose a new approach for consistent, building stock-specific carbon budgets and demonstrate the proposed methodology for Austria. Adopting this approach for the building stock of other countries would enable consistent carbon budgets that reflect the field of action buildings for climate change mitigation.
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Costentin, Jean. "Depuis l’Hôtel Matignon retentissent des trompettes qui tentent d’effondrer les murailles lézardées protégeant encore du cannabis." Revue française de criminologie et de droit pénal N° 13, no. 2 (2019): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfcdp.013.0053.
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Un « conseil d’analyse économique » placé sous l’autorité du Premier Ministre, vient de prôner (d’une façon qui pourrait être hiérarchiquement incontrôlée) la légalisation du cannabis. Il justifie sa proposition à partir de considérations essentiellement économiques. L’organisation étatique de la culture et de la vente du cannabis rapporterait au budget près de 3 milliards d’euros. On sait désormais que tabac et alcool, loin d’être bénéficiaires pour le budget, l’obèrent grandement en raison de leurs coûts sanitaires et sociaux énormes. La légalisation du cannabis ferait exploser le nombre, déjà considérable, de ses consommateurs et développerait les multiples méfaits, pour le corps et pour le cerveau, provoqués par l’oxyde de carbone, les goudrons cancérigènes et le tétrahydrocannabinol (THC) ; à savoir : une toxicité cardio-vasculaire (artérites, infarctus du myocarde, accidents vasculaires cérébraux) ; une toxicité pour la sphère O.R.L. et bronchopulmonaire(parinflammationetcancers); une toxicitépourlafemmeenceinte et l’enfant qui en naîtra (prématurité, mort subite inexpliquée, hyperactivité avec déficit de l’attention, trouble du développement psychomoteur, grande appétence pour les drogues à l’adolescence). Le THC est responsable d’accidents routiers et professionnels. Ses effets désinhibiteurs rendent le consommateur dangereux pour lui-même et pour autrui. Le THC persiste pendant plusieurs semaines dans le corps et dans le cerveau. Il induit une ivresse, il diminue l’éveil, l’attention, la mémoire ; il crée une démotivation, avec de grandes perturbations cognitives. Il induit une anxiété, des troubles dépressifs avec leurs risques suicidaires ; sa responsabilité dans la survenue, la décompensation ou l’aggravation de la schizophrénie est chaque jour mieux précisée. Il incite à la consommation d’autres drogues (escalade et poly toxicomanie). Un autre argument avancé par ce rapport est celui de la création d’emploi ; il prétend que c’est dans l’agriculture, alors que ce serait plutôt dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques. Il prétend aussi que cette légalisation libérerait la police de la chasse aux dealers (ils seraient plus de 200.000) ; comme si ces derniers allaient disparaître et non pas adapter leurs offres. La gestion pitoyable du tabac (avec ses 75.000 morts annuels) et de l’alcool (avec ses 49.000 morts) joints à l’énormité des coûts qu’ils engendrent, ne manquerait pas d’être au rendez-vous de la légalisation du cannabis. Très au-dessus des fallacieux bénéfices qu’ils font miroiter, rappelons à ces apprentis sorciers « qu’il n’est de richesse que d’Hommes ».
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Zhao, Junfang, Jinlong Ai, Yujie Zhu, Ruixi Huang, Huiwen Peng, and Hongfei Xie. "Carbon budget of different forests in China estimated by an individual-based model and remote sensing." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0285790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285790.
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Forests play a key role in the regional or global carbon cycle. Determining the forest carbon budget is of great significance for estimating regional carbon budgets and formulating forest management policies to cope with climate change. However, the carbon budget of Chinese different forests and their relative contributions are not completely clear so far. We evaluated the carbon budget of different forests from 1981 to 2020 in China through combining model with remote sensing observation. In addition, we also determined the relative contribution of carbon budget of each forest type to all forests in China. Eight forest types were studied: evergreen coniferous forest (ECF), deciduous coniferous forest (DCF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBF), seasonal rain forest (SRF), and rain forest (RF). The results indicated that the Chinese forests were mainly carbon sink from 1981 to 2020, particularly the annual average carbon budget of forest from 2011 to 2020 was 0.191 PgC·a-1. Spatially, the forests’ carbon budget demonstrated obvious regional differences, gradually decreasing from Southeast China to Northwest China. The relative contributions of carbon budget in different forests to all forests in China were different. During 2011–2020, the ECF forests contributed the most carbon budget (34.45%), followed by DBF forests (25.89%), EBF forests (24.82%), EDBF forests (13.10%), RF forests (2.23%), SRF forests (3.14%) and CBF forests (1.14%). However, the DCF forests were found mainly as carbon source. These results contribute to our understanding of regional carbon budget of forests.
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Oshiro, Ken, Keii Gi, Shinichiro Fujimori, et al. "Mid-century emission pathways in Japan associated with the global 2 °C goal: national and global models’ assessments based on carbon budgets." Climatic Change 162, no. 4 (2019): 1913–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02490-x.
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Abstract This study assesses Japan’s mid-century low-emission pathways using both national and global integrated assessment models in the common mitigation scenario framework, based on the carbon budgets corresponding to the global 2 °C goal. We examine high and low budgets, equal to global cumulative 1600 and 1000 Gt-CO2 (2011–2100) for global models, and 36 and 31 Gt-CO2 (2011–2050) in Japan for national models, based on the cost-effectiveness allocation performed by the global models. The impacts of near-term policy assumption, including the implementation and enhancement of the 2030 target of the nationally determined contribution (NDC), are also considered. Our estimates show that the low budget scenarios require a 75% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2050 below the 2010 level, which is nearly the same as Japan’s governmental 2050 goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80%. With regard to near-term actions, Japan’s 2030 target included in the NDC is on track to meet the high budget scenario, whereas it is falling short for the low budget scenario, which would require emission reductions immediately after 2020. Whereas models differ in the type of energy source on which they foresee Japan basing its decarbonization process (e.g., nuclear- or variable renewable energy-dependent), the large-scale deployment of low-carbon energy (nuclear, renewable, and carbon capture and storage) is shared across most models in both the high and low budget scenarios. By 2050, low-carbon energy represents 44–54% of primary energy and 86–97% of electricity supply in the high and low budget scenarios, respectively.
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Liu, Zhouhan, and Shigang Shen. "Evaluation methods, progress and prospect of carbon budget system under dual carbon background." Information 26, no. 1 (2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47880/inf2601-03.
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In September 2020, China declared to it to achieve carbon peaks by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060. Based on the literature review, this paper analyzes the current status of the carbon revenue and expenditure system. It expouds on the methods and progress of the carbon revenue and expenditure system. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward from four aspects: primary data, accounting methods, and technical means. The current research progress and existing problems were reviewed, and suggestions for future research ideas were put forward, in order to provide a methodology reference for accurate estimation of carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems in China, and provide scientific support for the development of carbon neutral emission reduction policies in China.
Thèses sur le sujet "Budget carbone"
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Neves, Mosquini Lucas. "Une méthodologie d'aide à la décision basée sur l'ACV dynamique pour la gestion du budget carbone des bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT062.
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Le secteur du bâtiment est un des principaux contributeurs de la crise environnementale mondiale et doit impérativement maitriser ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Cette thèse vise à contribuer à l’atteinte de cet objectif en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la phase d’occupation des bâtiments. Il est nécessaire d’agir lors de cette phase pour respecter un budget carbone défini dès la conception et maintenu sur toute la durée de vie du bâtiment. Cette contribution souligne la nécessité d’une évaluation dynamique dans les processus de prise de décision afin de tenir compte des scenarios d’évolution sur les années restantes.Une analyse des méthodologies actuelles telle que l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) nous conduit à étudier plus spécifiquement l’ACV Dynamique. Nous nous intéressons en particulier à la réduction des temps de simulation et l’optimisation du nombre de paramètres dynamiques. Des techniques telles que l’interpolation linéaire, les modèles de substitution, la sélection des caractéristiques importantes, l’analyse de sensibilité et d’incertitude sont mise en œuvre pour y parvenir. A travers une étude de cas, l’importance de la décarbonisation des secteurs industriels, des déchets et de l’énergie est mise en évidence dans les calculs du Potentiel de Réchauffement Planétaire dynamique.La méthodologie d’ACV Dynamique que nous proposons est appliquée dans le contexte de la prise de décision pour la rénovation, démontrant son utilité pour s’adapter aux écarts du budget carbone tout au long du cycle de vie d’un bâtiment. L’étude de cas d’une maison individuelle dans la région parisienne montre l’efficacité de la méthodologie pour guider les décisions de rénovation en accord avec les budgets carbone. Cependant, les résultats révèlent également que ces décisions dépendent fortement des scénarios envisagés, indiquant que les bâtiments conformes au budget peuvent présenter une variété de caractéristiques en fonction des différentes hypothèses de modélisation de l’ACV Dynamique.Plus globalement, nos travaux apportent une méthode pour rationaliser et faciliter l’utilisation généralisée de l’ACV en tenant compte des incertitudes et des sensibilités des différents paramètres dynamiques. Nous montrons que l’ACV Dynamique ainsi mise en œuvre a un impact significatif dans les processus de prise de décision pour la rénovation afin d’assurer une meilleure adaptation aux budgets carbone tout au long du cycle de vie des bâtiments<br>Addressing the global challenge of environmental sustainability in the building sector, this thesis focuses on advancing methodologies for greenhouse gas (GHG) budget compliance in building post-occupancy stages. It emphasizes the need for dynamic assessment in the decision-making processes to enhance the process of ensuring carbon budget compliance.The research employs a multifaceted approach, beginning with an exploration of current methodologies for building GHG budget compliance. This includes a thorough examination of carbon budgets, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment (DLCA). The study then progresses to refine the DLCA methodology, focusing on reducing simulation times and optimizing the number of dynamic parameters. Techniques such as linear interpolation, surrogate modelling, feature selection, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are tested for these tasks. Then, through a case-study, the importance of decarbonization of the industrial, waste and energy sectors in dynamic GWP calculations are highlighted.Furthermore, the enhanced DLCA methodology is applied in the context of retrofit decision-making, showcasing its utility in adapting to carbon budget deviations throughout a building’s life cycle. This application is exemplified through the same case-study of a single-family home in the Paris region, demonstrating the methodology’s effectiveness in guiding retrofit decisions in alignment with carbon budgets and broader environmental objectives. However, the findings also reveal the scenario-dependent nature of these decisions, indicating that budget-compliant buildings can exhibit diverse characteristics based on different DLCA assumptions.Overall, this research emphasizes the critical role of integrating dynamic parameters in retrofit decision-making processes. Simultaneously, it also challenges and assesses the applicability of these methods within the framework of carbon budget compliance, providing a detailed evaluation of their impact on sustainable building practices
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Darul, Romane. "Bilan des nutriments et du carbone dans les zones humides naturelles et artificielles de tête de bassin versant : cas du bassin versant du lac de Carcans-Hourtin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0190.
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Les zones humides sont soumises à de nombreuses menaces telles que l’eutrophisation, la perturbation de leur hydrologie par les activités humaines et le changement climatique. Des travaux de restauration des sites naturels et la création de zones humides artificielles sont réalisés par les gestionnaires territoriaux afin de préserver les services écosystémiques qu’elles abritent : support de la biodiversité, épuration des nutriments et stockage de carbone. Les zones humides de tête de bassin versant sont donc particulièrement importantes car elles influencent la qualité de l’eau en aval et la biodiversité des écosystèmes aquatiques d’une grande partie du bassin hydrographique en aval. Le bassin versant des lacs médocains est un territoire très anthropisé, dédié à la culture de pins et l’agriculture. Il abrite de nombreux milieux humides naturels, les lacs de Carcans-Hourtin et de Lacanau, des marais, des cours d’eau et de nombreuses mares temporaires forestières, reliquats de la zone marécageuse ayant existé avant l’expansion de la sylviculture sur le plateau Landais. Ces dernières sont soumises aux risques d’eutrophisation et d’assèchement ; leur nombre diminue chaque année. A ces milieux naturels s’ajoutent des fossés creusés entre les parcelles sylvicoles, et des Zones Tampons Humides Artificielles (ZTHA), construites en aval des exploitations agricoles afin d’abattre les flux de nutriments provenant du lessivage des champs. L’étude de ces zones humides naturelles et artificielles est donc un point stratégique de la gestion territoriale. Dans ce travail de thèse, la physico-chimie de 12 mares temporaires et de 3 ZTHA a été suivie pendant environ 2 ans. Des carottes sédimentaires ont été prélevées dans des ZTHA afin de quantifier les flux de nutriments à l’interface eau-sédiment en lien avec les processus d’abattement des nutriments. Pour les mares temporaires, un bilan du carbone a été établi grâce à des mesures de flux de CO2 et de CH4 aux interfaces eau-atmosphère et sédiments exposés à l’air-atmosphère, à l’aide de chambre à flux, et à des mesures de taux d’accumulation du carbone grâce à la datation au 210Pb dans des carottes sédimentaires. L’identification de ceintures de végétation et des récoltes de biomasses ont été réalisées sur 6 mares temporaires. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse montrent que les ZTHA sont, à l’heure actuelle, trop petites pour abattre efficacement le nitrate provenant de la fertilisation des champs. Cependant, les processus de dénitrification et de séquestration du phosphore dans les sédiments sont bien présents. Les travaux d’agrandissement et la construction de nouvelles zones devraient permettre de réduire efficacement les flux de nutriments à l’avenir. Les mares temporaires étudiées sont acides et majoritairement oligotrophes. Un phénomène de nitrification a cependant été mesuré lors de la remise en eau de mares longuement asséchées pendant l’été et une contamination au nitrate a été identifiée dans plusieurs mares situées en aval des zones agricoles. Les sites en bon état de conservation ou ayant subi les travaux de restauration les plus récents, consistant en un reprofilage des berges et la sauvegarde de la banque de graines des sédiments, ont été identifiés comme des puits de carbone, contrairement aux sites ayant été sur-creusés dans le passé, et présentent une végétation plus dense et diversifiée. Un gradient de stockage du carbone a été identifié dans les mares : les zones centrales, le plus longtemps immergées, ont des taux de carbone plus élevés que les zones externes. ii Les techniques de restauration des zones humides naturelles utilisées actuellement et les travaux d’agrandissement prévus pour les ZTHA semblent donc être des méthodes efficaces pour préserver une bonne qualité de l’eau et un maintien des milieux humides sur le bassin versant du lac de Carcans-Hourtin.[...]<br>Wetlands are subject to numerous threats such as eutrophication, disruption of their hydrology by human activities and climate change. Restoration of natural sites and the creation of artificial wetlands are carried out by territorial managers to preserve the ecosystem services they provide: support for biodiversity, nutrient remediation and carbon storage. Headwater wetlands are particularly important as they influence downstream water quality and the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems in much of the downstream watershed. The watershed of the lacs Médocains is a highly anthropized territory, dedicated to pine cultivation and agriculture. It is home to several natural wetland environments, including the Carcans-Hourtin and Lacanau lakes, marshes, watercourses and many temporary forest ponds, remnants of the marshy area that existed before the expansion of forestry on the Landes plateau. These environments are at risk of eutrophication and drying up; their number decreases every year. Some Agricultural Artificial Wetlands (AAW) are constructed downstream of agricultural exploitations to reduce nutrient flows from field runoff. The study of these natural and artificial wetlands is thus a strategic point in territorial management. In this thesis work, the physico-chemistry of 12 temporary ponds and 3 AAW was monitored for about 2 years. Sediment cores were taken from the AAW to quantify nutrient fluxes at the water-sediment interface and define nutrients depletion processes. Within temporary ponds, a carbon budget was established through measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes at the water-atmosphere and exposed sediment-air interfaces using flux chambers, and through measurements of carbon burial rates using 210Pb dating in sediment cores. Identification of vegetation belts and biomass harvesting were carried out on 6 temporary ponds. The results of this thesis show that AAW are currently too small to effectively reduce nitrate coming from field fertilization. However, denitrification and phosphorus precipitation processes in the sediments are indeed occurring. The enlargement of surface of existing AAW and the creation of new artificial wetlands should be recommended in order to effectively reduce nutrient flows in the future. The temporary ponds studied resulted acidic and mostly oligotrophic. However, nitrification was measured during the re-watering of ponds that had dried up for a long time during the summer, and nitrate contamination was identified in several ponds located downstream of agricultural areas. Sites in good conservation status or having undergone recent restoration works, consisting of bank re-profiling and sediment seed bank conservation, were identified as carbon sinks and had the highest vegetation biomass and diversity. On the opposite, ponds that had been over-excavated in the past, resulted as carbon sources and present less biodiversity. A carbon storage gradient was identified in the ponds: central areas, which were immersed the longest, had higher carbon rates than external areas. iv The current restoration techniques used for natural wetlands and the planned enlargement works for the artificial ones therefore appear to be effective methods for maintaining good water quality and sustaining wetlands in the Carcans-Hourtin lake watershed. However, it is still necessary to monitor the evolution of these environments in the context of climate change
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Raghunathan, Jayanthi. "Budget Your Carbon Emissions : Interactive visualisation of an individual’s carbon budget." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299937.
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Climate change is now more of a reality than ever. Carbon budget provides an upper limit on the amount of carbon that can be emitted, for the earth to be within an accepted temperature rise. People are aware that eating less meat, flying less and reducing product consumption would decrease their emission, but they are not sure on how much less. Existing studies show that people are quite willing to accept the concept of carbon budget but there is no tool that visualises this information at an individual level. This study investigated the features that must be included in a carbon budget tool when visualising an individual’s information to create awareness. An exploratory design approach was used in this study where the design was iteratively developed from user feedback. Four preliminary designs were first developed and discussed in a focus group. With the feedback from the focus group, one design was finalised and redesigned as a carbon budget tool. This was tested in a one-on-one user testing where users had to complete tasks using the tool. The study results provided evidence that personalised information, effective text, labels, interactive features, and clear and simple layout are important features that must be included when designing a tool to visualise an individual’s carbon budget. The participants also rated an increase in awareness of carbon budget concept after using the tool.<br>Klimatförändringarna är nu mer verkliga än någonsin. En koldioxidbudget anger en övre gräns för mängden utsläpp av klimatgaser som kan släppas ut för att hålla ökningen av jordens medeltemperaturen inom en acceptabel gräns. Många människor är medvetna om att lägre köttkonsumtion, färre flygresor och en minskad konsumtion av saker skulle minska deras utsläpp, men de är inte säkra på hur mycket varje ändring påverkar utsläppen. Befintliga studier visar att människor accepterar begreppet koldioxidbudget i sig, men det finns idag inga verktyg för att visualisera en koldioxidbudget på individuell nivå. Denna studie undersöker vilka funktioner som behöver ingå i ett verktyg för visualisering av en individuell koldioxidbudget, med syfte att skapa medvetenhet hos användaren. En utforskande designmetod användes där verktygets design utvecklades iterativt med feedback från användare. Först utvecklades fyra preliminära designprototyper som diskuterades i en fokusgrupp. Med feedback från fokusgruppen vidareutvecklades en av prototyperna till en slutgiltig version. Detta testades i en användartestning där användare utförde uppgifter med verktyget. Studieresultaten visade att personlig information, effektiv text, etiketter, interaktiva funktioner och tydlig och enkel layout är viktiga funktioner som måste inkluderas när man utformar ett verktyg för att visualisera en koldioxidbudget för individuell användning. Deltagarna bedömde också att de uppnått en ökad medvetenhet om konceptet koldioxidbudget efter att ha använt verktyget.
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Pique, Gaétan. "Apport de la télédétection pour la simulation spatialisée des composantes du bilan carbone des cultures et des effets d'atténuation biogéochimiques et biogéophysiques des cultures intermédiaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30038.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les changements climatiques et la croissance démographique de la population mondiale amènent aujourd'hui le monde agricole à s'adapter pour faire face à ces deux enjeux majeurs. Si les surfaces agricoles, qui représentent près d'un tiers des terres émergées, contribuent largement aux émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre, elles offrent également la possibilité de mettre en place des leviers d'atténuation des changements climatiques. Dans ce contexte, ces travaux de thèse ont vocation à enrichir nos connaissances sur le fonctionnement des surfaces agricoles, à fournir des outils d'évaluation de la contribution des surfaces cultivées aux évolutions du climat, et à quantifier les effets biogéochimiques (stockage de C) et biogéophysiques (effet albédo) d'atténuation des changements climatiques via la mise en œuvre de cultures intermédiaires. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, deux approches de modélisation ont été développées au cours de ces travaux. Le premier volet de cette thèse s'est intéressé à développer une approche de modélisation spatialisée, permettant de fournir des estimations des productions (biomasses et rendements), des flux de CO2 et d'eau, ces variables servant à la quantification des bilans de carbone et d'eau pour les parcelles de grandes cultures. À cette fin, le modèle agro-météorologique SAFYE-CO2 assimilant des produits satellites d'indice de végétation à hautes résolutions spatiale et temporelle a été développé et appliqué à différentes cultures (blé, maïs et tournesol) et végétations d'intercultures (repousses spontanées, mauvaises herbes, cultures intermédiaires). Cette approche a pu être validée sur un réseau de parcelles du Sud-Ouest de la France, en tirant parti d'un grand nombre d'images satellites et de données de validation sur la zone de l'Observatoire Spatial Régional. Elle a notamment permis d'estimer avec précision les productions de blé, de tournesol et de maïs, ainsi que les flux de CO2 et d'eau sur les cultures de blé et de tournesol. La végétation, pouvant se développer sur les parcelles pendant les périodes d'interculture, a également été prise en compte afin d'améliorer l'estimation des flux de CO2 et d'eau. Cela a notamment permis de quantifier l'impact des cultures intermédiaires sur les composantes du bilan C des parcelles allouées aux grandes cultures sur la zone d'étude. Le second volet visait à développer un modèle d'introduction de cultures intermédiaires à l'échelle européenne, afin d'estimer le forçage radiatif induit par la modification de l'albédo de surface engendré par cette pratique. Grace à des produits albédo moyenne résolution (1/20°), développés par le CNRM (et en collaboration avec ce laboratoire), cette approche de modélisation a permis de fournir des estimations de l'effet albédo relatifs aux cultures intermédiaires. Plusieurs scenarii d'introduction ont été simulés pour rendre compte de l'impact de certains facteurs, tels que la neige ou la pluie. Ils ont permis d'alerter sur le potentiel impact négatif de l'assombrissement du sol, induit à long terme (via l'enrichissement des sols en matière organique) par les cultures intermédiaires sur le forçage radiatif des surfaces cultivées. Enfin, comme tout changement de pratique agricole induit des effets biogéochimiques et biogéophysiques sur le climat, une analyse de ces effets couplés a été menée grâce à l'utilisation combinée de ces deux approches de modélisation. Nous en concluons qu'une fois les cultures intermédiaires mises en place, le sol devrait être couvert en permanence pour que l'effet assombrissement du sol ne fasse pas perdre les autres bénéfices climatiques engendrés par cette pratique agricole<br>Climate change and the demographic growth of the world's population are leading the agricultural world to adapt to meet these two major challenges. While agricultural land, which represents nearly one third of the world's land area, contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, it also offers the possibility of implementing climate change mitigation levers. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to increase our knowledge of the functioning of agricultural areas, to provide tools for assessing the contribution of cultivated surfaces to climate change, and to quantify the biogeochemical (C storage) and biogeophysical (albedo effect) effects of climate change mitigation through the implementation of cover crops. To meet these objectives, two modeling approaches were developed during this work. The first part of this thesis focused on the development of a spatialized modeling approach, allowing to provide estimates of production (biomass and yields), CO2 and water fluxes, these variables being used to quantify the carbon and water budgets for cropland. To this end, the SAFYE-CO2 agro-meteorological model assimilating satellite products of vegetation index at high spatial and temporal resolutions was developed and applied to different crops (wheat, maize and sunflower) and intercrop vegetation (spontaneous regrowth, weeds, cover crops). This approach has been validated on a network of plots in southwestern France, taking advantage of a large number of satellite images and validation data on the Regional Spatial Observatory area. In particular, it has allowed to accurately estimate wheat, sunflower and corn production, as well as CO2 and water fluxes on wheat and sunflower crops. Vegetation, which can develop on the plots during intercropping periods, was also considered in order to improve the estimation of CO2 and water fluxes. In particular, this made it possible to quantify the impact of intermediate crops on the C balance components of plots allocated to field crops in the study area. The second part of the project aimed at developing a model for the introduction of cover crops at a European scale, in order to estimate the radiative forcing induced by the modification of the surface albedo generated by this practice. Thanks to medium resolution albedo products (1/20°), developed by the CNRM (and in collaboration with this laboratory), this modelling approach allowed to provide estimates of the albedo effect related to cover crops. Several introduction scenarios were simulated to account for the impact of certain factors, such as snow or rain. They have allowed us to highlight the potential negative impact of soil darkening, induced in the long term (via the enrichment of soil organic matter) by cover crops on the radiative forcing of cultivated areas. Finally, as any change in agricultural practice induces biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects on climate, an analysis of these coupled effects was conducted using these two modelling approaches. We conclude that once intercropping is implemented, the soil should be permanently covered so that the soil darkening effect does not cause the other climatic benefits of this agricultural practice to be lost
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Ossolinski, Justin Emerson. "Carbon budget analysis of the branching coral Madracis mirabilis." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 96 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338884351&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Perrin, Anne-Sophie. "Rôle des fertilisants azotés dans l'érosion chimique des bassins versants carbonatées : implication dans la consommation de CO2 et la composition chimique des eaux de surface." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/817/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les fertilisants azotés sont une source majeure d'acidité pour les sols, et les carbonates, très réactifs, en sont les principaux régulateurs par le biais des processus d'altération. Cette perturbation de l'altération naturelle des carbonates est susceptible de modifier le bilan de carbone de la boucle de l'altération. Différentes approches, à l'échelle de sols et de petits bassins versants du sud ouest de la France (Gascogne) et à l'échelle globale ont ainsi permis de mieux contraindre l'impact de ces modifications sur la qualité des eaux de surface et sur le bilan global du carbone. Les processus d'altération induits par les fertilisants azotés en zones d'agriculture intensive entraîneraient une diminution de la proportion de l'alcalinité par rapport aux calcium et magnésium (mesuré en zone naturelle), correspondant à un minimum de 5,7 à 13,4% et 1,6 à 3,8% du CO2 consommé annuellement par l'altération des carbonates en France et dans le monde respectivement. Cette diminution représente 6 à 15% de la consommation annuelle globale de CO2 par l'altération des silicates. Des expérimentations menées sur colonnes de sols ont montré que la nitrification de l'ammonium accroît les flux de cations par les eaux de drainage et entraîne l'émission directe de quantités considérables de CO2 vers l'atmosphère. Des bilans d'éléments et d'altération des carbonates établis à partir du suivi intensif de deux petits bassins versants agricoles (le Montoussé et le Hay) ont mis en évidence le rôle joué par l'hydrologie, la végétation et la précipitation secondaire de calcite dans la perte relative de consommation de CO2 lors de l'altération des roches carbonatées en zones agricoles<br>Nitrogenous fertilizers are a major contributor of acidity to soils and carbonate bedrocks, as a result of their high reactivity, are the main buffers through mineral weathering reactions. This perturbation of natural carbonate weathering processes is susceptible to modify the carbon budget of the weathering loop. Different approaches, from soil and small catchment experiments in the south-west of France (Gascogne area) to global scale estimations allowed us to better constrain the impact of these modifications on the quality of riverine water and on the global carbon budget. Carbonate weathering processes induced by nitrogenous fertilizers would decrease the proportion of alkalinity (and thus of carbon) in relation to calcium and magnesium ions by a minimum of respectively 5,7 to 13,4% and 1,6 to 3,8% of the CO2 naturally consumed by carbonate weathering in France and on a global scale. This decrease represents 6 to 15% of the CO2 consumed by silicate weathering on a global scale. Experimentations on soil columns showed that nitrification processes of ammonium ions increase cations fluxes in drainage soil solutions and lead to direct CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Elements and carbonate weathering budgets, measured from intensive surveys of elements fluxes in two small agricultural catchments (the Montoussé and the Hay catchments) highlighted the role of hydrology, vegetation and secondary precipitation of calcite in the relative loss of CO2 consumption by carbonate weathering in agricultural areas
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Koren, Lindsey Michelle. "Assessment of Microbial Carbon Processing and its Implications to the Carbon Budget of Lake Superior." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Over the past few decades, there has been increased research focus on carbon cycling within aquatic systems, especially with the changing global climate. Inland waters play a major role in the global carbon cycle, but the fundamental features remain poorly understood, particularly the large lakes of the world. Our experimental approach assessing the carbon budget of Lake Superior, the largest freshwater lake by area, provides spatial and temporal variability that has been previously overlooked but may be critical to our understanding on the biogeochemical processes controlling the lake. Multiple stations were chosen across the lake, both nearshore and offshore, to evaluate the variability in physical mixing regimes and biogeochemical processing. Short and long-term carbon consumption measurements were coupled to assess the heterotrophic activity relative to the lability of dissolved organic carbon. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) was directly measured to determine the metabolic nature of the lake and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that fluxes across the air-water interface. The pCO2 results were further coupled with an isotopic approach measuring oxygen-18 (δ18O) to evaluate how the metabolism of Lake Superior has changed over a decadal scale.
A range of environmental factors, including temperature, photodegradation and source/quality of organic carbon, influenced short and long-term carbon consumption. In-situ pCO2 observations supported a temporal switch in metabolism from the lake being a source of CO2 in the spring to being a sink in the summer driven by biological components of the system. When the pCO2 results were coupled with the isotopic measurements over the past decade (1999-2011), Lake Superior was dominated by respiration during isothermal conditions and production during stratification. In the past decade, Lake Superior has experienced increased surface water temperatures, shifting the metabolic state to a shorter net heterotrophic period in the spring and a longer net autotrophic period in the summer. This research highlights fundamental aspects of Lake Superior’s metabolism that have been previously understudied, as well as providing key information about processes controlling its carbon budget, and giving a better understanding of how climate change will continue to impact Lake Superior.
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Richmond, Nicole L. "THE CARBON BUDGET OF A SHALLOW, TROPICAL AQUIFER: SOURCES, SINKS, AND PROCESSES." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1070212062.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geology, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 127 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113).
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Wang, Qiaoqiao. "Global budget of black carbon aerosol and implications for climate forcing." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11237.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores the factors controlling the distribution of black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere/troposphere and its implications for climate forcing. BC is of great climate interest because of its warming potential. Estimates of BC climate forcing have large uncertainty, in part due to poor knowledge of the distribution of BC in the atmosphere. This dissertation first examines the factors controlling the sources of BC in the Arctic in winter and spring using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). Emission inventories of BC and wet scavenging of aerosols in the model are updated to reproduce observed atmospheric concentrations of BC as well as observed snow BC content in the Arctic in winter-spring. The simulation shows a dominant contribution of fuel (fossil fuel and biofuel) combustion to BC in Arctic spring. Arctic snow BC content is dominated by fuel combustion sources in winter, but has equal contributions from open fires and fuel combustion in spring. The estimated decrease in Arctic snow albedo due to BC deposition in spring is 0.6%, resulting in a regional surface radiative forcing of 1.2 W m-2. The dissertation then extends the evaluation of the BC simulation to the global scale using aircraft observations over source regions, continental outflow and remote regions and ground-based measurements. The observed low BC concentrations over the remote oceans imply more efficient BC removal than is currently implemented in models. The simulation that has total BC emissions of 6.5 Tg C a-1 and a mean tropospheric lifetime of 4.2 days for 2009 (vs. 6.8 ± 1.8 days for the AeroCom models) captures the principal features of observed BC. The simulation estimates a global mean BC absorbing aerosol optical depth of 0.0017 and a top-of-atmosphere direct radiative forcing (DRF) of 0.19 W m-2, with a range of 0.17-0.31 W m-2 based on uncertainties in the BC atmospheric distribution. The DRF is lower than previous estimates, which could be biased high because of excessive BC concentrations over the oceans and in the free troposphere.<br>Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Ji, Junling. "Land use change impact on soil carbon cycling and elemental budget." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 135 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674962261&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Budget carbone"
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Canada, Canada Natural Resources, and Canadian Forest Service, eds. Canada's forest carbon budget = Bilan du carbone des forêts du Canada. Canadian Forest Service, 2001.
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1958-, Kurz Werner Alexander, Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development: FRDA II., Canadian Forest Service, and British Columbia. Ministry of Forests., eds. The carbon budget of British Columbia's forests, 1920-1989: Preliminary analysis and recommendations for refinements. Canadian Forest Service, 1996.
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International Boreal Forest Research Association. Conference. The role of boreal forests and forestry in the global carbon budget: Proceedings. Edited by Shaw Cindy 1956-, Apps Michael J, and Northern Forestry Centre (Canada). Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 2002.
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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Can the global carbon budget be balanced? U.S. Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.
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W, Markewich Helaine, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Can the global carbon budget be balanced? U.S. Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.
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Enting, I. G. Constraining the atmospheric carbon budget: A preliminary assessment. CSIRO, 1992.
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Enting, I. G. Constraining the atmospheric carbon budget: A preliminary assessment. CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, 1992.
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United States. Forest Service. Northern Research Station, ed. FORCARB2: An updated version of the U.S. forest carbon budget model. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2010.
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Mirbach, Martin Von. Carbon budget accounting at the forest management unit level: An overview of issues and methods. The Network, 2000.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Oversight hearing: The President's fiscal year 2016 budget request for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency : hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, first session, March 4, 2015. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Budget carbone"
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Glynn, James. "Carbon budgets." In Metaphor, Sustainability, Transformation. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143567-6.
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Houghton, R. A., Manuel Gloor, Jon Lloyd, and Christopher Potter. "The regional carbon budget." In Amazonia and Global Change. American Geophysical Union, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gm000718.
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Chapin, F. Stuart, Pamela A. Matson, and Peter M. Vitousek. "Plant Carbon Budgets." In Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9504-9_6.
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Heinonen, Jukka, and Juudit Ottelin. "Carbon Accounting for Regenerative Cities." In Future City. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe carbon budget for limiting global warming to the targeted 1.5 ° is running out. Cities have a central role in climate change mitigation, as the vast majority of all greenhouse gas emissions occur to satisfy the energy and material needs of cities and their residents. However, cities typically only account for their direct local emissions from transportation, industry, and energy production. This may lead to the so-called low-carbon illusion of cities following from producing little and reporting low emissions, while extensively relying on imported material and energy flows. Consumption-based accounting, or carbon footprinting, enables overcoming this problem by assigning the emissions to the end user regardless of the place of production. However, currently the carbon footprinting methods only capture the harm side, and not the potential positive effects, the restorative or regenerative impacts, caused by green infrastructure, reforestation, and carbon capture and storage, for example. These positive impacts are sometimes called “carbon handprint”. In this chapter, we create a handprint-extended carbon footprinting method to illustrate how restorative and regenerative impacts can be incorporated consistently in the carbon accounting of cities and carbon footprints of consumers. We also link the discussion on regenerative cities with the remaining carbon budgets.
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de Vries, Annick, Gijsbert Werner, Elsenoor Wijlhuizen, Victor Toom, Mark Bovens, and Suzanne Hulscher. "Distributing the Dutch Reduction Targets." In Research for Policy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59427-4_3.
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AbstractAllocating the carbon budget is a fundamental issue of distributive justice in global climate policy. At the national level, the carbon budget is often translated into sectoral reduction targets. In this chapter, we ask how the reduction targets should be distributed amongst the industrial, electricity, agriculture and land use, mobility, and built environment sectors. From a perspective of distributive justice, we ask which sectors need to reduce the most carbon emissions if we are to achieve the national targets?
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Chapin, F. Stuart, Pamela A. Matson, and Peter M. Vitousek. "Decomposition and Ecosystem Carbon Budgets." In Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9504-9_7.
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Rebmann, C., P. Anthoni, E. Falge, et al. "Carbon Budget of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem." In Ecological Studies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06073-5_8.
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Heath, Linda S., Pekka E. Kauppi, Peter Burschel, et al. "Contribution of Temperate Forests to the World’s Carbon Budget." In Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes:. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1982-5_4.
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Meybeck, Michel. "Riverine Transport of Atmospheric Carbon: Sources, Global Typology and Budget." In Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes:. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1982-5_31.
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Kramer, J. R. "Old Sediment Carbon in Global Budgets." In Soil Responses to Climate Change. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79218-2_11.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Budget carbone"
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Li, Jiangfeng, Huayong Wu, Mengjin Sun, Tao Yu, and Ye Xia. "Sustainable Network-Level Bridge Maintenance Decision-Making Based on NSGA-111." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0223.
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<p>Traditional bridge maintenance prioritizes cost and safety, neglecting sustainability. This study proposes an NSGA-111-based tri-objective optimization minimizing costs, carbon emissions, and performance gaps. Emissions from maintenance activities are quantified and monetized via carbon trading, integrating environmental costs. TOPSIS-entropy weighting evaluates bridge criticality, while NSGA-111 generates Pareto-optimal solutions under budget constraints. Applied to Shandong's highway network, sensitivity analysis reveals higher budgets paradoxically increase C02 emissions due to expanded repairs, underscoring budget-environment trade-offs. The framework enables data-driven decision-making by balancing fiscal limits, structural reliability, and decarbonization goals. This approach addresses lifecycle sustainability gaps in infrastructure management, offering pathways to align maintenance strategies with carbon neutrality targets.</p>
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Wulff, Niklas, Andreas Meurer, Hans Christian Gils, and Patrick Jochem. "Carbon dioxide emissions of transport sector transformation pathways considering CO2 emission budget allocation approaches." In 2024 20th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem60825.2024.10608929.
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Khan Rana, Ahmad Raza, Graham Brigham, and Syed Umair Niaz Bukhari. "Thermal & Moisture Cycling Impacts on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel under Contacting and Contact-Free Insulation." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19171.
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Abstract CUI (corrosion under insulation) is among the leading damage mechanisms active in oil refining and hydrocarbon facilities. Reportedly, 10% of the total maintenance budget of a typical refinery is spent on inspecting and fixing CUI damages. The mechanism of CUI is complex and influenced by many factors namely the design of the insulated system, insulation type, ambient conditions, condition of coatings and insulation materials, as well as operating parameters. This study addresses the quantified influence of cyclic temperatures on CUI in comparison with constant temperatures for various insulation designs namely the closed-contacting and contact-free with low-point drainage. It also investigates the CUI behaviors under moisture cycling (i.e., wet-dry conditions) of candidate insulation designs in comparison to a fully wet environment. To simulate this, corrosion rates were determined under Isothermal wet, isothermal wet-dry, cyclic wet, and cyclic wet-dry conditions using weight loss measurement as per applicable ASTM G189-07 standard. The influence of cyclic temperatures and wet-dry conditions were also studied using the linear polarization resistance method in the system with contact-free insulation. The corroded coupons were then characterized using a microscope and surface topography. The wet-dry conditions under both cyclic and constant temperatures caused more corrosion rates than those under wet conditions. Also, cyclic temperatures caused more corrosion rates than constant temperatures under both wet and wet-dry conditions.
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Eves, Simon. "Structural FRP Applications on Topside Projects – How Do CAPEX and OPEX Costs Really Compare to Conventional Carbon Steel?" In MPWT 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/mpwt19-15325.
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Abstract Offshore projects today are demanding ever more reductions in both CapEx and OpEx. Tertiary structural products (eg handrails, gratings, ladders and platforms) made in steel may at first seem to be the lowest cost option, but steel is heavy and eventually suffers from corrosion which can be a significant drain on budgets and resources. The benefits of FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) tertiary structural products for offshore oil and gas projects can be very significant, with substantial weight reduction, lower installation costs and minimal maintenance. But how can these recognized FRP benefits against steel be translated into actual CapEx and OpEx savings when used in oil and gas projects? This aim of this paper is to offer answer to this question, by presenting a study of the projected Whole Life Cost and Value Proposition for the MARRS Offshore FRP Handrail using data drawn from the recent BP Clair Ridge Project.
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Rana, Ahmad Raza Khan, Graham Brigham, Omar Chaar, and George Jarjoura. "Localized Corrosion Management for Thermally Insulated Systems via Insulation Standoffs and Low Point Drains." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17585.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract CUI (corrosion under insulation) is a major damage mechanism affecting the integrity of process equipment, piping, and pipelines. CUI is known to create localized corrosion and pitting under thermal insulations which trigger non-linear corrosion rates and end up in unanticipated leaks in industrial assets. Reportedly, detection and management of CUI-driven damages constitute 10% of the maintenance budget in a typical refinery. This study simulates the CUI behavior of carbon steel under fibrous stone wool insulation using four testing conditions namely Isothermal wet, isothermal wet-dry, cyclic wet, and cyclic wet-dry. The weight loss of coupons under each test condition was converted into corrosion rate followed by characterization of damage modes namely pitting, uniform corrosion via microscope, and surface topography. It also compares the corrosion behaviors in closed-contacting insulation to those produced under contact-free insulation with low-point drains under similar testing conditions. Unlike closed-contacting insulations, coupons under contact-free insulation with low-point drainage resulted in uniform corrosion, insignificant pitting, and reduced corrosion rates under all testing conditions.
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Niglia, Jorge, Noé Hoijman, and Marcelo Marino. "Design of an Internal Onshore Coating System Qualification Program for Tubular Goods." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11035.
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Abstract Argentina Our company needs to select and incorporate internal protective coating materials and systems for corrosion control in tubular goods. The aim is to transport water and crude oil under harsh corrosive condition. These conditions include high salinity/high solids content "formation water", crude oil, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide associated to erosion, high temperature and high pressure. For the selection we have also taken into account the coating application process, the transport, handling, storage and installation requirements, and the expected service life of the these tubular goods. This paper describes the problems faced in the development of an internal coating system qualification program for tubular goods in onshore petroleum exploration and production fields, using available standardized testing methods, applied to high performance coatings available in the market. In addition the paper describes the criteria adopted for the design of a testing plan. In the qualification program we had to deal with two restrictions: a limited budget for the qualification tests and some of the available applicable standard tests which we consider do not fit completely for the evaluation of our conditions. In this way, we have proposed a "design philosophy" for the testing and evaluation of the high performance coating systems, using a suitable minimal quantity of modified and non modified standard tests and non standard tests.
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Blattmann, Thomas, Baozhi Lin, Zhifei Liu, et al. "Towards Refining the Carbon Budget of the Taiwan Orogeny." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.203.
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Hongmin Dong, Zhongkai Zhou, Zhiping Zhu, Hongwei Xin, and Yongxing Chen. "Carbon and Nitrogen Budget of Commercial Cage-Grown Broilers." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37297.
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Weber, Nurit, and Yael Kiro. "Could coastal groundwater discharge close the ocean's carbon budget?" In Goldschmidt2023. European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.19058.
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Robertson, Noel, and Shaun Quegan. "Modelling of snow hydrology of siberia for carbon budget calculations." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423080.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Budget carbone"
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Kull, S. J., G. J. Rampley, S. Morken, J. M. Metsaranta, E. T. Neilson, and W. A. Kurz. Operational-scale Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) version 1.2: user’s guide. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4095/st000013.
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Le Modèle du bilan du carbone du secteur forestier canadien (MBC-SFC3), version 1.2 présenté dans ce guide d’utilisation a été développé afin de répondre aux besoins de comptabilité du carbone forestier à l’échelle opérationnelle qu’ont les aménagistes et analystes forestiers à travers le Canada. Le MBC-SFC3 est un cadre de modélisation à l’échelle du peuplement et du paysage qui peut servir à la simulation des dynamiques des stocks de carbone forestier comme requis par la Convention-Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques. Il se conforme aux méthodes d’estimations citées par le document Recommandations en matière de bonnes pratiques pour le secteur de l’utilisation des terres, changements d’affectation des terres et foresterie issu du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat. Ce modèle emploie plusieurs informations qui sont déjà requises pour la planification des activités d’aménagement forestier (par ex. inventaire forestier, courbes de croissance et de rendement, données sur les perturbations naturelles et anthropiques, calendrier d’exécution de l’aménagement forestier et données sur les changements d’affectation des terres), complétées par des informations provenant de bases de données écologiques nationales. Au moyen de cet outil informatique sophistiqué mais convivial, les utilisateurs peuvent intégrer leurs propres informations relatives à l’aménagement forestier à l’échelle du peuplement et du paysage pour calculer les stocks de carbone et les changements de ces stocks dans le passé (surveillance) ou dans l’avenir (projection). Les utilisateurs peuvent aussi créer, simuler et comparer divers scénarios d’aménagement forestier afin d’en évaluer les impacts sur le carbone. Les outils fournis avec le modèle sont conçus pour aider les utilisateurs à importer les données requises à partir de modèles courants d’approvisionnement en bois ou encore depuis des fichiers de données faits sur mesure par les utilisateurs eux-mêmes. Le modèle contient des outils pour aider à préparer les données, à définir des scénarios, à effectuer les analyses et à examiner les résultats. Les résultats des analyses peuvent servir à divers types de comptes-rendus sur le carbone des écosystèmes forestiers. Bien que le modèle contienne des paramètres écologiques par défaut qui s’appliquent au Canada, ces paramètres peuvent être modifiés par l’utilisateur, ce qui permet d’appliquer le modèle dans d’autres pays.
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Marinkovic, Catalina, and Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Is Energy Planning Consistent with Climate Goals? Assessing Future Emissions from Power Plants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005183.
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At least ten Latin American and Caribbean countries have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality. Has electricity planning in the region evolved towards reaching these goals? We compare power generation capacity in 2023 to announced plans in 2019. We then estimate committed emissions from existing and planned power plants that is emissions that would result from the normal operations of these plants during their typical lifetime and compare them to emissions from power generation in published IPCC scenarios. We find that fossil fuel planned capacity has decreased by 47% since 2019, mainly due to the cancellation of 50% of coal and 40% of gas projects, compared to only 32% of renewable energy projects. But existing plants in the region will emit 6.7 GtCO2 during their lifespan, and if all planned plants are built, they will add 4.9 GtCO2, totaling 11.6 GtCO2, exceeding median carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2C-consistent IPCC pathways (2.3 and 4.3 GtCO2). Natural gas power plants are the largest contributor to existing (62%) and planned (75%) emissions (versus 24% and 23% for coal). We evaluate emissions reduction strategies to achieve carbon budgets. Assuming no new coal plants comes into operation, announced gas and oil projects are canceled at the same rate as in the past four years, all fossil fueled plant lifetimes are reduced by 10 years, and all new natural gas displaces existing coal, committed emissions fall by 59%, almost meeting the 2C budget, but still twice as large as the median 1.5C budget. Our results suggest that while progress is being made, energy planning in the region is not yet consistent with global climate goals as reflected by the IPCC scenario database.
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Anderson, Suzanne, Cole Cochran, Robert Anderson, Marisa Repasch, Josie Arcuri, and Irina Overeem. A conceptual carbon budget for an icy riverine corridor. International Permafrost Association (IPA), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52381/icop2024.161.1.
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Hayes, D. J., R. Vargas, S. Alin, et al. Chapter 2: The North American Carbon Budget. Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report. Edited by N. Cavallaro, G. Shrestha, R. Birdsey, et al. U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/soccr2.2018.ch2.
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Gatti, Luciana V., Pedro Moura Costa, Julia Arieira, et al. HUMAN IMPACTS ON CARBON EMISSIONS & LOSSES IN ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES: THE NEED FOR RESTORATION AND INNOVATIVE CLIMATE FINANCe FOR THE AMAZON. Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/huye3394.
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Over the last decade (2010-2020), the Amazon carbon budget, integrating all absorption and emission processes, indicates that the region has become a carbon source. Extreme climate events exacerbate human-driven changes in the Amazon, threatening the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) as well as those who live in its cities and towns. Ending all deforestation (legal and illegal) and preventing forest degradation can restore the Amazonian carbon sink. Carbon markets (i.e., transactions of carbon credits in exchange for carbon removals or storage) can provide part of the finance needed for forest protection and restoration.
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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, Thamir Alshehri, and Nicholas Howarth. The Circular Carbon Economy Index – Methodological Approach and Conceptual Framework. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-mp01.
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The circular carbon economy (CCE) approach, developed during Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency and endorsed by G20 leaders and energy ministers, can be used as a framework for holistic assessments of all available energy and emission management technologies within the confines of a global carbon budget. KAPSARC’s Circular Carbon Economy Index project, launched in 2021, will develop a composite indicator (index) that measures and tracks country performance and potential on various dimensions of the CCE to support related policy discussions and planning
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Heath, Linda S., Michael C. Nichols, James E. Smith, and John R. Mills. FORCARB2: An updated version of the U.S. Forest Carbon Budget Model. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-67.
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Clark, Ebipere. Moving from plans to action: Mainstreaming climate action into Nigeria’s budget and economic planning. APRI - Africa Policy Research Private Institute gUG (haftungsbeschränkt)., 2025. https://doi.org/10.59184/pb025.02.
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Weiss, P. S. The oceanic cycle and global atmospheric budget of carbonyl sulfide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/527495.
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Blair, Neal. A benthic carbon budget for the Continental Slope off Cape Hatteras, NC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/765626.
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