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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Businesswomen – Government policy – Rwanda"
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Oyamada, Eiji. « Combating corruption in Rwanda : lessons for policy makers ». Asian Education and Development Studies 6, no 3 (10 juillet 2017) : 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-03-2017-0028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Rwandan government’s anti-corruption strategy and identify lessons for policymakers in other countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper relies on materials obtained from the Rwandan government, from websites, research reports, press articles and publications as well as interviews with scholars, with Rwandan government officials, and the staff of non-governmental organizations. Findings The Rwandan government formulates and implements its anti-corruption efforts via donors’ governance support and homegrown initiatives. Corruption has been minimized by eradicating opportunities for misconduct and by focusing on governance reforms and maintaining a zero-tolerance policy against corruption. Political will and strong leadership, the active role played by the anti-corruption agency, and effective governance reform have made Rwanda’s anti-corruption activities successful. Originality/value This paper is a scholarly examination of the Rwandan government’s anti-corruption strategy.
2
Nadege, Muhimpundu, et Akimanizanye Annonciata. « Challenges to Education Policy in Rwanda : A review into preschool education ». Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no 5 (11 mai 2021) : 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.9995.
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Although ,Rwanda has approved its Early Childhood Development (ECD) Policy and Strategic Plan in September 2011, the policy was established and implemented in different ways in early childhood education, yet preschool has a long way to go. Equally, having a focus on preschool education is the best investment that Rwanda can make to achieve other national goals such as, reducing maternal mortality, eliminating malnutrition and improving access to quality education. Empirical evidence gathered from secondary sources indicates that government has put more effort in improving quality of education. Yet on preschool level, indicators available illustrates that the results are far from expectation. The study further discusses the challenges faced by government in the design and implementation of ECD policy that have led to the ensuing situation.
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Ndarihoranye, Augustin, Gedion Alang’o et Omwono Omwono. « Fiscal and Monetary Policies Coordination Rwanda Experience ». Randwick International of Social Science Journal 1, no 2 (1 août 2020) : 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i2.44.
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This paper attempts to quantify the coordination between monetary and fiscal policies in Rwanda from 2008 to 2018. The paper uses Granger causality test and vector autoregressive (VAR) framework to determine whether these policies are implemented independently and also looks at the extent of their coordination. The empirical results using unstructured VAR model suggest that monetary and fiscal policies interact and are coordinated in Rwanda. The impulse response functions demonstrate significant interaction between monetary and fiscal policy. For instance a positive shock on government expenditure induces an increase in broad money that in turn induces an increase in liquidity in the economy. Finally, the paper recommends that both policies should continue interacting in order to strengthen policy coordination. Therefore, ultimately achieve a stable and low inflation together with high growth.
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Richard, Kabanda, Peter W. Muriu et Benjamin Maturu. « Relative Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Output Stabilization in Developing Countries : Evidence from Rwanda ». International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no 1 (20 décembre 2017) : 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n1p220.
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The aim of this study was to explain the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies in explaining output in Rwanda. The study used a sample of quarterly data for the period 1996-2014. Applying a recursive VAR, the study used 12 variables, including 5 endogenous and 7exogenous variables to the benchmark model and other two specifications were attempted to capture the true contribution of monetary and fiscal policies to variations in nominal output. Obtained results using impulse responses and variance decomposition provide evidence that monetary policy is more effective than fiscal policy in explaining changes in nominal output in Rwanda. In addition, monetary policy explains better output when the VAR model contains domestic exogenous variables than when they are not included, suggesting the relevance of including domestic exogenous variables in VAR specification of monetary and fiscal policies effectiveness on economic variables. Another suggestion is that in order to achieve higher growth, the government of Rwanda should rely more on monetary policy as compared to fiscal policy.
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Desrosiers, Marie-Eve, et Haley J. Swedlund. « Rwanda’s post-genocide foreign aid relations : Revisiting notions of exceptionalism ». African Affairs 118, no 472 (15 août 2018) : 435–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ady032.
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Abstract This article studies donor–government relations in Rwanda since the end of the 1994 genocide. The notion that Rwanda enjoyed or enjoys exceptional relations with donors because of guilt regarding their inaction during the genocide is widespread in the literature and in policy circles. To assess this myth, the article first looks at aid trends for Rwanda and comparable countries, and then takes an in-depth look at aid relations with two average-size donors: Canada and the Netherlands. It demonstrates that Rwanda is not as exceptional as claimed, but instead should be considered one amongst a group of exceptional cooperation partners. The article further highlights that donors operated informally immediately following the genocide, but soon renormalized aid relations, and that there has always been a complex set of rationales determining donor behaviour regarding Rwanda.
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Maniraguha, Faustin. « Does Formalization of Informal Enterprises Matter ? Evidence from Rwanda ». Randwick International of Social Science Journal 1, no 3 (23 octobre 2020) : 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i3.96.
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In this decade, the formalization of informal sector is challenging as it provides jobs to the big number of the population and on the other hand, this group of active population work in conditions, which do not allow them to benefit some advantages from the government and these lead to not providing enough contribution to the economic growth. The main objective of the study was to find out the factors underlying for formalization of informal enterprises in Rwanda. In order to respond to the main objective, we used a desk research approach and we found that there is a necessity of enterprise formalization in Rwanda and the identified key factors are the enterprise motives/long term objectives, cash less economy/innovation in payment system and government policy for enterprise registration. The study also illustrated the factors or ways for private informal-rural enterprise formalization process may consider and some of them are affordable cost of taxation, accessibility to finance, accessibility to the markets as well as the time taken for getting legal documents. From the findings, the study recommend that the consistency capacity building so that to help managers to understand the necessity of informal sector formalization, government to continue working on the minimization of the costs related to the enterprise registration that include time, distance and other procedures and government also to continue enhancing infrastructures in rural zones. The study used secondary data both qualitative and quantitative from existing reports and data from National Institute of statistics of Rwanda.
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Behuria, Pritish. « Between party capitalism and market reforms – understanding sector differences in Rwanda ». Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no 3 (10 août 2015) : 415–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x15000403.
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ABSTRACTDifferent strategies have been used by the Rwandan government to promote capitalist accumulation. In some sectors, party and military owned enterprises are predominant. In others, the government has chosen to embrace market-led reforms. Ultimately, the vulnerability experienced by ruling elites contributes to the choice of how capital accumulation is promoted in different sectors. Ruling elites use party and military enterprises to centralise rents and establish control over the direction of economic policy. However, centralising rents is a political choice and excludes individuals from developing access to rents. The pyrethrum sector shows that the use of such groups has resulted in unequal outcomes despite increases in productivity. Reduced international prices have stunted further productivity. Conversely, the mining sector shows evidence of the pursuit of market-led reforms. These reforms have been accompanied by rapid growth in domestic production and exports. Foreign investment was necessary in order to bring capital and expertise to the sector. However, the government has struggled to retain the capacity to enforce legislation and discipline foreign investors in line with national priorities. Both sectors show evidence that ruling elites have been prompted by vulnerability to commit to economic development. Constraints that have accompanied strategies pursued in these sectors have forced the government to work ‘reactively’ to achieve strategic targets.
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Akinyemi, Felicia O. « Towards a Rwandan NSDI ». International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 3, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2012010103.
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Awareness of the importance of spatial data in achieving development strategies is high in Rwanda. Government and non-governmental institutions are aspiring to use Geographic Information Technologies (GITs) in their day-to-day activities. The non-existence of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in Rwanda brings to light serious issues for consideration. Still lacking is a spatial data policy relating to spatial data use. A mechanism to ease spatial data access and sharing is imperative. This paper describes SDI related efforts in Rwanda in a bid to establish the NSDI. Employing a multi-stakeholder approach to drive the process is advocated. To support this, SDI models in some countries are presented that could be applicable to the Rwandan context. Key players with potential roles in the NSDI were identified.
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Miklyaev, Mikhail, Glenn Jenkins et David Shobowale. « Sustainability of Agricultural Crop Policies in Rwanda : An Integrated Cost–Benefit Analysis ». Sustainability 13, no 1 (23 décembre 2020) : 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010048.
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Rwanda has aimed to achieve food self-sufficiency but faces binding land and budgetary constraints. A set of government policies have been in force for 20 years that have controlled the major cropping decisions of farmers. A cost–benefit analysis methodology is employed to evaluate the financial and resource flow statements of the key stakeholders. The object of the analysis is to determine the sustainability of the prevailing agricultural policies from the perspectives of the farmers, the economy, and the government budget. A total of seven crops were evaluated. In all provinces, one or more of the crops were either not sustainable from the financial perspective of the farmers or are economically inefficient in the use of Rwanda’s scarce resources. The annual fiscal cost to the government of supporting the sector is substantial but overall viewed to be sustainable. A major refocusing is needed of agricultural policies, away from a monocropping strategy to one that allows the farmers to adapt to local circumstances. A more market-oriented approach is needed if the government wishes to achieve its economic development goal of having a sustainable agricultural sector that supports the policy goal of achieving food self-sufficiency.
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Nkurunziza, Joseph, Annelet Broekhuis et Pieter Hooimeijer. « Free Education in Rwanda : Just One Step towards Reducing Gender and Sibling Inequalities ». Education Research International 2012 (2012) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/396019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2003, Rwanda introduced free education as part of government policy to improve school enrolment in general and the attendance of deprived children in particular. However, in addition to school fees, other factors hamper school careers of children. Shifts in attendance were analysed using binary logistic regression on data from the 2000 and 2005 Integrated Household Living Conditions Surveys. The results show that although the policy has been very successful, the objective has not been achieved. We find a strong effect of the sibling position of the child in the household and its relation to the household head. Substantial numbers of orphans/foster children in Rwanda do not profit from the free education policy and part of the children leave before completing school, in particular girls. Free education is only one step towards a more equitable distribution of educational opportunities.
Thèses sur le sujet "Businesswomen – Government policy – Rwanda"
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Musahara, Herman. « Poverty and government expenditure : an assessment of the impact of government expenditure and interventions on poor groups with a focus on Rwanda ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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In this thesis the author undertook a poverty and policy analysis. It is argued that it is important to understand the nature, magnitude and context of poverty before one can undertake an informed policy prescription. Existing theories of poverty, welfare regimes and social policies offer a lot of useful lessons for policy, but have limitations in offering a single model for Rwanda. The thesis demonstrated that, not only is Rwandan poverty multifaceted and deep, but it is characterized by a poverty conflict trap that can be traced back to the entire post colonial period. The author argued however that the current policy is not only inefficient in targeting poverty, but it may be unable to meet the challenges of growth, redistribution and conflict mitigation. The thesis, after further analyzing policy options, puts forward a package that is needed to reduce poverty in Rwanda in the long term and to break the poverty conflict trap. The prescribed package is put forward as a comprehensive and institutionalized social policy, which Rwanda so far does not have.
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Nxopo, Zinzi. « The role of government in empowering female entrepreneurs in the Western Cape, South Africa ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1794.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Business Administration (Entrepreneurship)
in the Faculty of Business
at the
CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYThe South African government, to accelerate economic growth and development, has identified the Small Medium Micro Enterprises (SMME) sector, and female entrepreneurs, as vehicles capable of bringing about this change. Unfortunately, this growth has been stifled due to the high failure rate of entrepreneurial businesses in the SMME sector. A possible solution for female entrepreneurs is the introduction of start-up support services to empower them to be successful. Empowering entrepreneurs is the function of nurturing and supporting entrepreneurs by providing them with professional skills development and moral support, to impact positively on the business’s sustainability. There is a clear need to widen access to business start-up training and advice to encourage larger numbers of women to embrace self-employment. This implies offering a wide range of start-up support services which encourage women to go into business. Women enter business from a variety of backgrounds and with a wide range of experience. The provision of business start-up training and advice needs to accommodate these very different experiences. Women attending entrepreneurship programmes have often criticised these programmes as being male-orientated and prescriptive. Women are expected to conform to male models and standards of behaviour. While this study relates specifically to female entrepreneurs in the Western Cape, it is set in the context of female entrepreneurship in South Africa. The target population for the research was 150 female entrepreneurs in the Tourism industry in the Western Cape. The study is quantitative in nature, using the survey method for better understanding of the research problem. The study aimed to understand the needs of female entrepreneurs, and to underscore the significance of skills and knowledge transfer from the government to female entrepreneurs. The research explored the role of government in empowering female entrepreneurs in the Tourism industry in Western Cape, and identified support services that can be used to promote the growth and development of female entrepreneurs. Possible solutions to failure rates of female entrepreneurship are also addressed, with specific models for improved business support services for all female entrepreneurs in the Tourism industry in the Western Cape. This will help them to run sustainable businesses as well as provide more jobs. This research recommends that management capability and financial management acumen be regarded as key to success for funding by the entrepreneurs themselves, and the parties involved in supporting and promoting them.
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Kaneza, Emelyne. « An ICT framework for accessing government support and services : a case of women-owned small, medium and micro enterprises in Rwanda ». 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001582.
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M. Tech. Business Information SystemsIn the last decade, Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs), and Women-owned SMMEs in particular, have significantly increased in many parts of the world. The growing contribution of SMMEs towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation, poverty reduction, social and economic development, can no longer be ignored. In recognition of the significance of SMMEs, many countries in the world have created special mechanisms to enhance and facilitate the creation and growth of SMMEs. Lately, the main support services offered to small enterprises include both business development services and financial services by using the cutting edge of Information Communication Technologies (ICT). However, a review of various writings has revealed that despite efforts by numerous governments to establish a support structure for SMMEs, their efforts have not been very rewarding. SMMEs still complain about the lack of access to government support and services. Issues of accessibility were worsened as female business owners face different challenges than their male counterparts. A review of those challenges was conducted in the context of Rwanda. By using a multiple case study design and an interview method for the collection of data, the study identified the support and services provided by the government and the challenges that women-owned SMMEs encountered in their attempts to access them.
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Uwimbabazi, Penine. « An analysis of Umuganda : the policy and practice of community work in Rwanda ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8964.
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This thesis analyses the policy and traditional practice of umuganda, which is a Rwandan word for community work. Many authors have looked at umuganda, mainly focusing on the period from 1973 until the 1994 genocide - something which has fostered a lot of negativity regarding the essence and practice of umuganda. Rather than discussing umuganda for a specific period, a wide look at its origins until the present day is more informative. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the nature and the evolution of umuganda in Rwanda, thereby deepening the discussion about its future prospects.
The main purpose of the thesis is to investigate how to enhance the efficiency of the policy and practice of umuganda in fostering development and peace in Rwanda. The study focuses on how the practice of umuganda has been understood and implemented throughout the historical period of Rwanda, namely, the pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial periods until the genocide and then the post-genocide period. The discussion leads to a more detailed empirical study of how the policy is understood and practised in two geographical settings: one urban, in Kigali City, and the other rural, in Western Province.
This thesis identifies the major transformation of the philosophy, organisation and purpose of umuganda throughout the four historical periods. It specifically highlights that despite the decentralisation of political and administration structures, the management of umuganda has remained hierarchical. This has resulted in the government takeover of umuganda while local people distance themselves from its practice. The thesis notes that, even though umuganda practice is regarded as beneficial for public and political interest, little benefit is seen for individuals in their communities.
This thesis attempts to shed more light on how umuganda could be in harmony with the principles of participation, development and community development. It argues that, even though cultural practises are sometimes seen as backward, transforming umuganda to be managed by local communities could contribute to either a traditional sense of socio-economic well-being or even to modern development strategies. The thesis investigates the potential for the policy and practice of umuganda to empower the poor in the community, thereby helping national development.
The recommendation is that umuganda be regarded as a local community initiative. Its practice should be organised in a way that responds to the immediate need of the people, its initial philosophy. This in turn would help the government to address the causes of poverty, division and other kind of harm to society. With efficient implementation and regulation of umuganda, a substantial part of service delivery to the community could be provided by the people themselves, while the government could intervene only in difficult situations.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
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Buhigiro, Seth. « The role of telecentres in promoting socio-economic development in Rwanda ». Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12464.
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Telecentres are an important tool for promoting socio-economic development in areas with
very low levels of e-access. They have the potential to offer benefits to rural communities in
education, health, agriculture and business. The purpose of this study was to explore the
strengths and weaknesses of telecentres in promoting specific socio-economic objectives
set in Rwanda’s National Information and Communication Infrastructure (NICI II) plan 2006 -
2010. The findings were that telecentres have been effective in contributing to community
development through access to information, skills development, job creation, study
opportunities, low cost in telecentre services and increased income. The three main
challenges that hinder rural communities from advanced e-access were found to be literacy
and level of education, language barriers, and lack of skills and awareness. Future policy
requires comprehensive guidelines to guide the deployment of rich local content in
telecentres that will enable more effective use of these facilities to promote socio-economic
development through e-Soko type projects, Umuganda activities and other community or egovernment
initiatives.
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Kisira, Simon. « Evaluation of the budgetary allocation policy on the levels and quality of public agriculture budgets and expenditures in Malawi and Rwanda ». Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13572.
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M.A. (Public Management and Governance)This study sought to assess the main outcomes of the 2003 Maputo Declaration encapsulating the political decision of the Heads of State of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), within the framework of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), to allocate at least 10% of national public budgets to the agriculture sector. The scope of the assessment included the levels, composition, efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditures in the agriculture sector. For this reason, the study not only sought to find out the calibration of the levels and quantities of resources allocated to, or spent in the agriculture sector, but also undertook a diagnosis of the composition and patterns in resource allocations and expenditures in the agriculture sector. The study, designed in form of an exploratory and pilot research, was conducted in two African countries (Rwanda and Malawi) and adopted an orientation towards discovering ideas and insights – not for purposes of coming up with final answers or decisions, but rather for providing a better understanding of the situation to inform the construction of larger research efforts. Specifically, the study aimed to: i) determine the patterns in public agriculture allocations and expenditure after the Maputo Declaration; ii) to identify the factors that determine or influence the levels and composition of budgetary allocations and expenditure in the public agricultural sector. From the population frame comprising all 54 member states of the African Union, a purposive stratified sampling method was employed to select the two countries. A judicious blend of qualitative and quantitative methods and attendant techniques was employed in data collection and analysis. Qualitative information was collected largely using a literature review and participatory research methods, such as semi-structured interviews with key informants. On the other hand, quantitative information was collected using a suite of methods and tools, such as simple questionnaires administered among specific country respondents. Anecdotal evidence drawn from literature review showed that Malawi allocates well above the 10% CAADP target for its national resources to agriculture, while Rwanda, in spite of being the first country on the continent to sign the CAADP Compact, allocates less than 10% of its public resources to the sector. The research, undertaking a deeper analysis revealed that Malawi exhibited consistent increases in the percentages of agricultural expenditure as a share of the national expenditure for the entire period under study (2000 to 2013), except in 2002/03 and in 2008/09. In fact, there is evidence that Malawi spent over 30% of its national resources on agriculture, although this percentage declined to 24.7% in the subsequent year. Most of Malawi’s expenditure is explained by the thrust that the government had placed on farm-input subsidies. It is also noteworthy that a significant proportion of Malawi’s agriculture budget (about 80%) is funded by external donors. The research revealed that the expectations of agriculture’s contribution to the growth and development of the national economy forms part of the major explanations behind the gigantic proportions of the national budget allocated to the agricultural sector. This is consistent with findings of another study that showed that show that agricultural-led economic growth has a greater impact on poverty reduction than does the same level of growth driven by non-agricultural sectors. Rwanda exhibited clearly different trends in agriculture expenditure from those exhibited by Malawi; with the exception of a spike recorded in 2001-2002, the subsequent periods all the way to the year 2006 show a consistent decline in expenditure. This study revealed that the share of agriculture expenditure in the national total fell from 8.6% recorded in 2002 to 3.3% in 2006. The patterns in agriculture budget allocations and public expenditure in Rwanda continued to drop and, in the best case scenario, the allocation patterns stagnated. The reasons for the drop before 2007 are unclear. However, Rwanda registered a consistent rise in public expenditure in the agricultural sector after 2007, both in absolute and relative terms. It is recalled that Rwanda was the first country on the continent to sign the CAADP Compact in 2007.
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Chiloane-Tsoka, Germinah Evelyn. « An investigation of the effectiveness of government policy programmes for black women entrepreneurs in Tshwane ». Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8937.
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D.Comm. (Business Management)The effectiveness of government policies and Programme for black women in Tshwane is investigated in this study. Five townships, Soshanguve, GaRankuwa, Mamelodi, Atteridgeville, Hammanskraal and Inner city were investigated by means of questionnaires. A sample of 241 black women entrepreneurs in Tshwane townships was investigated after which the results were reported. The primary objective of this study has been to investigate the extent to which black women entrepreneurs utilise government policies and Programme in Tshwane. Descriptive statistics indicated the following: 1. Information about government policies is not known by the majority of women entrepreneurs in Tshwane. 2. Local business centres are not assisting black women entrepreneurs by disseminating government policies. 3. SEDA is not effective in providing training for the SMMEs. 4. SAWEN is not effective in assisting women to start and grow their business…
Livres sur le sujet "Businesswomen – Government policy – Rwanda"
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Rwanda. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, dir. The Rwanda diaspora policy. Kigali : Republic of Rwanda, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, 2009.
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Wibabara, Jennifer. National gender policy for Rwanda. 2e éd. [Rwanda : s.n., 2000.
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Rwanda. National human settlement policy in Rwanda. Kigali : Ministry of Infrastructure, 2004.
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Rwanda. The government of Rwanda poverty reduction strategy paper. [Kigali] : National Poverty Reduction Programme, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, 2001.
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Rwanda. The Government of Rwanda poverty reduction strategy paper. [Kigali] : National Poverty Reduction Programme, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, 2002.
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Rwanda. Rwanda draft land law : National land policy. Kigali : Republic of Rwanda, Ministry of Lands, Human Resettlement and Environmental Protection, 2001.
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Goldmark, Susan. Le secteur financier au Rwanda. Kigali, Rwanda : Ministère de finances et de l'économie, Direction générale de la politique économique, 1986.
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Ligue des droits de la personne dans la région des grands lacs, dir. Étude de la monographie genre : Cas du Rwanda. Kigali : Ligue des droits de la personne dans la région des grands lacs, 2004.
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Réseau des femmes oeuvrant pour le développement rural. Étude de la monographie genre : Cas du Rwanda. Kigali : Ligue des droits de la personne dans la région des grands lacs, 2004.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Businesswomen – Government policy – Rwanda"
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Behuria, Pritish. « Rwanda ». Dans The Political Economy of Bank Regulation in Developing Countries : Risk and Reputation, 126–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841999.003.0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Until recently, the Rwandan government had not formally adopted global financial standards beyond Basel I. However, in 2015, the government’s stance changed and politicians made a formal commitment to the rapid adoption and implementation of Basel II and III. This exuberance for adopting global standards is puzzling given that Rwanda’s financial sector remains largely underdeveloped and the government is aiming to become a developmental state. The motivations behind this policy shift are to reduce risk in the financial sector, encourage harmonization of financial sector regulation across the East African Community (EAC), and develop a service-based economy, including by making Kigali a financial hub. Yet ambitious fast-paced policy-driven adoption in Rwanda conflicts with developmental state goals of direct lending. Adoption is beset with potential problems, with uncritical adoption of global financial standards likely to create difficulties for the domestic banking sector in the short-to-medium term.
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Ggombe, Kasim Munyegera, et Richard S. Newfarmer. « Rwanda ». Dans Industries without Smokestacks, 316–40. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821885.003.0016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since civil war and genocide left the country in ruins, Rwanda has undergone a remarkable transformation. Growth rates since 1995 have averaged 8 per cent annually, poverty rates have fallen, maternal and child health have improved, and infrastructure and public institutions have been rebuilt. This chapter examines the determinants of the growth path of the Rwandan economy, focusing on: the central role of government; the structural transformation of the economy; the role of exports and foreign investment; and particularly the role of ‘industries without smokestacks’. Policy coherence, together with substantial international support, allowed Rwanda to embark on a growth path. A hallmark of the development path has been to use services as a leading sector at an earlier stage of its development than many other countries.
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Holmes, Georgina, et Ilaria Buscaglia. « Rebranding Rwanda’s Peacekeeping Identity during Post-Conflict Transition ». Dans Rwanda Since 1994, 104–24. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941992.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Drawing on recent theorising of 'nation branding', this article examines how mediatised security narratives are used as part of the current Government of Rwanda's public diplomacy strategy to establish post-conflict Rwanda's peacekeeping identity and brand image as a Troop Contributing Country. It does so by undertaking an analysis of media discourse published by the state-owned English language national newspaper The New Times between 2008 and 2018, and two 'twitter storms' that occurred in March 2017 and 2018 in response to the Central African Republic Sexual Exploitation and Abuse scandal involving French military peacekeepers and a second scandal involving Ghanaian police peacekeepers in South Sudan. Specifically, we ask, how does the Government of Rwanda use mediatised security narratives as a nation branding tool after genocide and civil war? We argue that mediatised security narratives are employed to erase Rwanda's negative brand informed by the frameworks of victimology, poverty and violence and reposition Rwanda as an emerging strategic player in international peacekeeping. The RPF achieves this by 'niche building' and mimicking the public diplomacy strategies of middle-powers in order to present Rwanda as a catalyst and facilitator of contemporary peacekeeping policy and practice.
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Kabera, Telesphore. « Solid Waste Management in Rwanda ». Dans Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 287–305. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0198-6.ch012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter aims to describe the status and challenges of waste management (WM) in Rwanda. Currently, waste is managed by the Ministry of Local Government, with the participation of private companies which are only in charge of waste collection. In the city of Kigali, waste is managed by the city of Kigali whereas in other four remaining provinces waste is managed by the districts. Implementation of waste management policy is carried out by a government-owned company called Water and Sanitation Corporation (WASAC) Ltd. The per capita solid waste generation rate in the city of Kigali is equal to 0.57 kg/person/day. A lot of legislations and regulations on WM are in place but their enforcement is weak. The Government of Rwanda should do more in terms of enforcing WM legislations and regulations.
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Laws, Meghan, Richard Ntakirutimana et Bennett Collins. « ‘One Rwanda For All Rwandans’ : (Un)covering the Twa in Post-Genocide Rwanda ». Dans Rwanda Since 1994, 125–44. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941992.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The leading academic literature on Rwanda tends to focus on the Hutu-Tutsi dichotomy, either directly or indirectly, thus resigning the historical narratives of the Twa to a footnote, permanently buried in history. Based on interviews and focus groups, as well as personal testimony provided by three Twa civil society leaders, this chapter explores Twa perceptions and experiences of national unity and reconciliation during the post-genocide period. As a component of this, our chapter examines popular perceptions of the Historically Marginalized Peoples (HMP) label, a quasi-legal category generally associated with the Twa, within the broader framework of the government's unity-building and reconciliation campaign. This snapshot of Twa interactions with government policy and practice shows that Twa often feel excluded from efforts to foster national pride, unity and reconciliation. Equally, the majority of Twa object to the use of the HMP label, and many emphasize the continued relevance of Twa identity and culture at a community level.
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Thorne, Benjamin, et Julia Viebach. « Human Rights Reporting on Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts : A Story of Stagnation and Failure ». Dans Rwanda Since 1994, 41–61. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941992.003.0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Building on legal anthropology and performance studies, this chapter analyses the Gacaca law talk and performances to evidence the wider context of changes in Rwanda post-1994 due to national and international pressures. The Rwandan government legally mandated Rwandans to actively participate in the gacaca courts from 2004 to 2012 for crimes committed during the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi. Every citizen was required to attend the local level courts to provide testimony and to serve as judge, witness and testifier on a weekly basis. In total, 15,300 courts ruled over nearly two million cases. Based on a 'kaleidoscopic' reading of optical illusions, or a slight shift in perspective to integrate the multiplicity of performances within the gacaca system, we demonstrate the dramaturgic nature of gacaca through gacaca law, policy and practices. Ultimately, such visual metaphors provide important interpretative tools to grasp how gacaca scripts were performed for different audiences with different effects and functions depending on micro to macro politics, and the resulting performances of competing narratives and the variances within the gacaca system.
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Ilunga, Yvan Yenda. « Regional Political Leadership and Policy Integration in Great Lakes Region of Africa ». Dans Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 267–77. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4993-2.ch013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For the past two decades, following the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the Great Lakes Region of Africa has become a conflict-ridden zone marked by mass violations of human rights and political instabilities. Part of these instabilities and violence is due to the lack of strong and stable political leadership and institutions in many of the countries in the region. In 1996, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was plagued by the uprising of the rebel movement called the Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre. This movement was a coalition of Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda, along with Congolese people. However, the AFDL victory was short-lived since the coalition parties broke up their alliance in 1998, which led to a new cycle of conflict which continued to destabilize the DRC to date with its Eastern provinces being most affected. In addition to conflict within the DRC, political instability and crisis of legitimacy of political leadership in South Sudan, Burundi, and the Central African Republic have also exacerbated the instability in the region. In this chapter, the author argues that peace and stability in the Great Lakes Region of Africa would depend on how best several facets of policies are integrated into one operational framework for peace and stability.
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Baguma, Rehema. « Rwanda as a Knowledge Society ». Dans Developing Knowledge Societies for Distinct Country Contexts, 63–84. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8873-3.ch003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Generating and developing knowledge societies is a key element for sustainable development as defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. Based on a limited natural resource base, Rwanda chose to take an approach to development that differs from that of its neighbours by making ICTs the cornerstone of its development. With this focus, government of Rwanda (GoR) took a Pro-ICT led public policy that has led to several public reforms such as but not limited to liberalization of the telecom sector, enactment of laws to govern electronic messages, signatures, transactions, data protection, cyber-security and ICT usage, development of relevant infrastructure and establishment of key institutions such as the Rwanda Utilities and Regulatory Agency (RURA) and Rwanda Information Society Authority (RISA). These reforms have in turn led to a fast-growing ICT sector in Rwanda compared to that of the neighbours. To-date, Rwanda is one of the fastest growing African countries in ICT. In 2015, Rwanda emerged as the third best ICT country in Sub-Saharan Africa behind South Africa and Seychelles. In 2016, it moved one position up and emerged 2nd behind Seychelles. The fast-growing ICT sector has stimulated entrepreneurial creativity and growth across the economy. This chapter examines the best practices that Rwanda has applied in her journey to a knowledge society that could possibly help other countries in the region pursuing the same objective. The chapter also briefly reviews challenges and gaps in Rwanda's journey to a knowledge society and suggests recommendations for further improvement.
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Akinyemi, Felicia O. « Towards a Rwandan NSDI ». Dans Geographic Information Systems, 2040–50. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch121.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Awareness of the importance of spatial data in achieving development strategies is high in Rwanda. Government and non-governmental institutions are aspiring to use Geographic Information Technologies (GITs) in their day-to-day activities. The non-existence of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in Rwanda brings to light serious issues for consideration. Still lacking is a spatial data policy relating to spatial data use. A mechanism to ease spatial data access and sharing is imperative. This paper describes SDI related efforts in Rwanda in a bid to establish the NSDI. Employing a multi-stakeholder approach to drive the process is advocated. To support this, SDI models in some countries are presented that could be applicable to the Rwandan context. Key players with potential roles in the NSDI were identified.
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Rutebuka, Jules. « Erosion Control Success Stories and Challenges in the Context of Sustainable Landscape Management, Rwanda Experience ». Dans Soil Erosion - Current Challenges and Future Perspectives in a Changing World. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96267.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Government of Rwanda sets up a conducive policy environment to invest in several development initiatives. Agriculture sector as the main contributor in the economic development received supports to sustainably manage Rwandan hilly landscape, dominantly ranging from 5 to 55% slope gradient. Intensive erosion control interventions confronted with different approaches have been introduced in the country such as participatory landscape management, (participatory) integrated watershed management and site-located intervention without any specified approach. This chapter intends to describe and evaluate the impacts of these previous approaches used in Rwanda in order to retrieve the success stories and encountered challenges as lessons learnt in the future interventions for optimizing land productivity in a sustainable manner. Participatory landscape approach in Gishwati area was a success story in protecting degraded lands and generating ecosystem benefits. It leads to more sustainable natural resources management from participatory planning up to implementation which addressed the frequent landslides, erosion and flooding while sustainably exploit the land to the profit of local farmers in the livelihoods. About 6,600 ha of lands have been successfully protected with full-packaged bench terraces, rangeland blocks and forest regeneration. This participatory approach also helped to relocate people from high risk zones to other safe places and build capacities of farmers through farm-livestock cooperatives. On the other side, Nyanza and Karongi sites under LWH project also emphasized strong evidences how land husbandry technologies (terraces) efficiently reduced erosion risks and improved farmers’ livelihoods. Lands were made productive with implementation of bench terraces on 3212 and 2673 hectares respectively for the two selected sites. However, challenges were observed from technical and socio-economic contexts which might have caused farmers to abandon or under-exploit the terraced lands. Finally, the chapter suggests to scale up the participatory landscape management approach which supports the involvement of farmers’ communities in the process.