Articles de revues sur le sujet « C Auxiliary Sciences of History »

Disorders involving the nervous system have a great importance in veterinary medicine because they have a high incidence and few auxiliary tools for their diagnostic, prognostic and evaluation of the employed therapy. Today, the diagnostic is based, mainly, on the patient history and neurologic examination. Hence, evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid elements is one of the few alternatives to clinically access the central nervous system (CNS). Even with the great usefullness of the physical-chemical and cytoscopy exams of the CSF in veterinary neurology, there are few studies concerning the stability of its elements under freezing storage. The present study was aimed at verifing the influence of temperature and period of conservation on physical-chemical characteristics of the CSF of healthy dogs. For that purpose, CSF samples were collected by puncture of the cisterna magna of dogs clinically healthy, and then were analysed for density, pH, glucorrhachia, total proteins and activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), after storage in different temperatures (25°C, 4°C and -4°C) and periods (immediately after collection and after 24 hours, 48 hours, a week and a month). Regarding the obtained results it was possible to verify that the parameters studied were stable up to a month of storage, under freezing at -4°C.

Alcohol abuse and dependency remain a serious problem among incarcerated offenders. Successful treatment requires specific interventions that augment generic substance abuse treatment. The purpose of this study is to delineate areas for intervention with alcoholic inmates. One hundred twenty-eight alcoholic inmates (64 men and 64 women) from the Massachusetts state prison system were randomly selected and interviewed. Measures included the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), and Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). The data suggests that, along with substance abuse treatment, interventions should be directed at: (a) early intervention; (b) physical, sexual, and emotional trauma issues; (c) depression and suicide potential; (d) occupational skills; (e) safe sex education; (f) violent behavior; and (g) psychopathic characterological issues, when warranted.

Historical, in addition to having auxiliary science in his knowledge, history also establish relationships with other sciences, especially fellow social sciences. In this connection what happens is a relationship of mutual need, herein lies the difference with the concept of science Auxiliary history, where a more dominant history in need of help to uncover a problem, more precisely we can call it with a combination of two social sciences. The development of post-World War II History shows a strong tendency to use the social sciences approach in historical studies. One of the basic ideas is that: the descriptive-narrative history is no longer satisfactory to explain complex problems or symptoms in the event of History. Psychology is very related to mental and psychological human. Humans who become the object of historical study is not just explained about the actions taken and what is caused by the action? why someone does that action? These questions pertain to the psychological condition in question. Conditions that can be caused by stimuli from the outside or the environment, can also from within himself. The use of social phsychology in history, gave birth to the focus of the study of the history of mentality.

The 2011 Organizational Research Methods Feature Topic on latent class procedures has helped to establish person-centered analyses as a method of choice in the organizational sciences. This establishment has contributed to the generation of substantive-methodological synergies leading to a better understanding of a variety of organizational phenomena and to an improvement in research methodologies. The present Feature Topic aims to provide a user-friendly introduction to these new methodological developments for applied organizational researchers. Organized around a presentation of the typological, prototypical, and methodologically exploratory nature of person-centered analyses, this introductory article introduces seven contributions aiming to: (a) clarify the meaning, advantages, and applications of person-centered analyses; (b) illustrate emerging prototypical and longitudinal cluster analytic approaches; (c) introduce researchers to multilevel person-centered analyses as well as to auxiliary approaches that will drastically increase the scope of application of these methods; and (d) describe the application of these methods for confirmatory purposes.

In this paper, I attempt to answer the question – how the ideas of German-speaking historians influenced Brygida Kurbis’s concepts of the theory of history and historical methodology. I focus on the categories elaborated by her, that are fundamental to the researcher in the field of historical method, such as source studies (fontology) as well as auxiliary sciences of history.

AbstractThis article examines the incidence of moneylending and the supply of cash in four rural communities and one small urban centre in Cheshire through the seventeenth century. The evidence on which it is based is drawn from wills and inventories, supplemented by such probate accounts and depositions as are available. It considers the questions of who lent money and to whom, for what purposes and in what amounts. It also examines the incidence of cash holdings in inventories and the effect that the Civil War and its aftermath had upon the availability of cash.

The Greater Houston metropolitan area has experienced recurring flooding events in the past two decades related to tropical cyclones and heavy inland rainfall. With the projected recurrence of severe weather events, an approach that outlines the susceptibility of different localities within the study area to potential floods based on analyses of the impacts from earlier events would be beneficial. We applied a novel C-band Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based flood detection method to map floodwater distribution following three recent severe weather events with the goal of identifying areas that are prone to future flood hazards. Attempts were made to calibrate and validate the C-band-based results and analyses to compensate for possible sources of error. These included qualitative and quantitative assessments on L-band aerial SAR data, as well as aerial imagery acquired after one of the events. The findings included the following: (1) most urban centers of Harris county, with few exceptions, are not believed to be prone to flooding hazards in contrast to the densely populated areas on the outskirts of Harris county; (2) nearly 44% of the mapped flood-prone areas lie within a 1 km distance of major drainage networks; (3) areas experiencing high subsidence rates have persistently experienced flooding, possibly exacerbated by morphological changes to the land surface induced by subsidence.

Using survey data from a nationally representative sample, this article explores how marriage timing varies across major religious denominations. Survival analysis indicates that net of statistical controls, Catholics, moderate Protestants, conservative Protestants, and Mormons marry significantly earlier than their unaffiliated counterparts. This holds true for women and men. However, no statistical differences emerge between Jews, liberal Protestants, and the unaffiliated. As surmised, auxiliary statistical tests reveal additional religious subcultural variations: (a) Jews tend to marry later than Catholics, conservative Protestants, and Mormons; (b) Catholics also marry later than conservative Protestants and Mormons; (c) no statistical difference surfaces between Mormons and conservative Protestants; and (d) differences between Catholics and liberal Protestants as well as between Jews and liberal Protestants are statistically negligible. These findings systematically support the denominational subcultural paradigm in the case of marriage timing.

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the history of factor markets in pre-colonial West Africa, both during and after the Atlantic slave trade. The forms and volume of these markets strongly reflected the natural and technological environment, and a horizontally and vertically uneven distribution of coercive and purchasing power. The general abundance of land and absence of economies of scale in production militated against contracting for land and free labour. Hence the most widespread and large-scale factor market was in slaves. Capital and credit were transacted mostly within networks of trust and/or on the security of human pawns. With considerable social costs, variously reinforced and restricted by states, pawning and (especially) the intra-West-African slave trade channelled labour into the production of commodities for sale, contributing to the nineteenth-century growth of certain coastal and interior economies. It was only in the latter era that land rights began to be commercialized. This was not a response to a general shift in factor ratios, but rather to demand for specific kinds of land in specific places, stimulated by the growth of export markets for agricultural commodities.

Brygida Kürbis, a medievalist from Poznań, who died in 2001, thanks to her publications, contributed a lot to increasing the importance of both editing medieval chronicles and source studies, which are auxiliary sciences of history. The author deliberately modified the postulated rules and principles of publishing written sources in editorial practice, depending on the type of released texts and publishing capabilities, changing over time.

Quand on parle de « famille », et plus précisément de « famille aristocratique », il faut d'abord s'entendre sur le sens du terme (J.-L. Flandrin, 1984). Dans la perspective d'une étude comparative, on est amené, pour la famille romaine, à jouer constamment sur deux registres : d'un côté le vocabulaire latin et les concepts sous-jacents (É. Benveniste, 1969 ; G. Franciosi, 1975-1976 ; Ph. Moreau, 1978b ; R. P. Saller, 1984a) — gens, familia, domus, mais aussi nomen, genus, stirps, etc. —, de l'autre la langue et les concepts que manient les historiens de la famille médiévale et moderne, en assimilant ou en adaptant les définitions et les analyses des anthropologues.Au prix d'une certaine simplification, on parlera donc ici, comme Georges Duby (1981) ou Gérard Delille (1985), sinon Marc Auge (1975) et Françoise Héritier (1981), surtout :

The article examines scientific and auxiliary bibliographic manuals, which reflect the publications of the art historian of Uzbekistan, academician G. A. Pugachenkova. Employees of the Institute of Art Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan are working on the creation of bibliographic collections, in which specialists can find information about all publications of scientists. These biobibliographic indexes keep track of all printed products of specialists from the first articles of the scientist to the fundamental scientific publications of the given author. The article analyzes the principles of selection and the order of placing major scientific works in the bibliographic index. Such bibliographic aids make it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in the scientific interests of a scientist, to consider his involvement in the study of the field of knowledge to which his publications are devoted, to reveal his creative and scientific contacts.

The life history and density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) were examined below Opa Reservoir in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. This caddisfly is the only species that occurs immediately below the impoundment auxiliary spillway where it closely associates with an aquatic bryophyte, Fontinalis sp. We collected larvae every month between July 2004 and June 2005 as long as larvae were available in the study site. The instar growth ratio was fairly constant and ranged from 1.198 to 1.402 (mean ± standard error = 1.285 ± 0.073) but mean head capsule width increased with larval development. The frequency distribution of head capsule width of larvae clustered into 5 size classes, suggesting 5 larval instars for C. digitata in the study site. Density of larvae ranged from 1,100 to 11,150 inds.m-2 (mean ± SE = 6739 inds.m-2 ± 3904.70), the highest densities occurring in October 2004 during the bloom of Fontinalis. The first larval instar appeared in July 2004. Adult emergence occurred mainly in December 2004 through January 2005 at the onset of reservoir draw-down and death of Fontinalis. These patterns indicate that C. digitata tended to show a univoltine life cycle in the study site.

RésuméÀ travers l’analyse des premiers textes produits par des Africaines en Afrique occidentale française dans les années 1940 et 1950, cet article explore les conditions et les usages de l’écriture par les femmes en situation coloniale ainsi que les rapports entre écrit et modernité. L’étude de manuscrits scolaires, de correspondances, d’articles de presse signés par une minorité de femmes diplômées de la section sages-femmes de l’École de médecine et de l’École normale de jeunes filles de Rufisque, permet de montrer l’émergence d’une culture de l’écrit partagée, fondée sur des réseaux tissés pendant les années d’études. Bien qu’elle soit le plus souvent suscitée par les autorités coloniales, la prise d’écriture féminine n’en comporte pas moins une dimension autonome et participe d’une subjectivité en construction.

Peu d'hommes auront, autant qu'Ernest Labrousse, marqué en profondeur la réflexion et la production historiques contemporaines. Il vient de nous quitter au terme d'une carrière exceptionnellement longue et, jusqu'au bout, militante pour l'histoire qu'il aimait. Deux grands livres, qui ont précocement défini les problèmes et les règles d'une histoire économique et sociale rigoureuse ; une magistrature scientifique installée à la Sorbonne en 1945, exercée sur deux générations d'étudiants et de chercheurs qui sont venus massivement se placer sous son patronage ; une inlassable activité de chef d'équipe, scandée par quelques grands textes-programmes qui ont façonné de très vastes secteurs de la recherche. Il a fondé une tradition généreuse, puissante, et qui n'a pas cessé d'être revivifiée. Comme toutes les traditions, elle lui a en partie échappé. Elle s'est diversifiée très largement et, parfois, de façon contradictoire. Elle a aussi sécrété, à cause de son succès même, des certitudes et des habitudes. Comme toutes les traditions, elle a tendu à oublier et à faire oublier ce dont elle était née : la volonté d'invention rigoureuse, le goût de l'expérimentation contrôlée qui, après plus d'un demi-siècle, frappent si évidemment qui lit ou relit les pages de l'Esquisse. Le texte que nous publions n'a rien d'iconoclaste. Dans la réflexion critique qu'il propose, il nous a paru être fidèle au volontarisme intellectuel et à l'exigence qui ont traversé tout entière l'œuvre et l'action d'Ernest Labrousse.

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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Abstract. Among most current tropospheric tomography studies, only the signals crossing out from the top boundary of the tomographic area are used for reconstructing the three-dimensional water vapour field, while signals penetrating from the side faces of the tomographic body are ignored as invalid information. Such a method wastes the valuable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations and decreases the utilisation efficiency of GNSS rays. This is the focus of this paper, which tries to effectively use signals penetrating from the side faces of the tomographic body for water vapour reconstruction. An optimised tropospheric tomography method is proposed using an auxiliary area. The top height of the tomography body is determined based on the average water vapour distribution derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) products. In addition, the coefficients of a negative exponential function between the adjacent layers for vertical constraints are fitted using the COSMIC RO profiles. Thirteen GPS stations are selected in the CORS Network of Texas to perform the tomographic experiment and validate the performance of the proposed method at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC daily using the radiosonde data for a period of 15 days. Compared to the conventional method, the accuracy of the reconstructed water vapour information derived from the proposed method is increased by 14.37 % and 16.13 %, respectively, in terms of mean root mean square (rms) and mean absolute error (MAE). The tomographic results obtained from the proposed method are further validated with the slant water vapour (SWV) data derived using the GAMIT (GNSS processing software package). Results show that the rms and MAE accuracy of SWV values has been improved by 18.18 % and 27.62 %, respectively, when compared to the conventional method. Keywords. History of geophysics (atmospheric sciences)

RésuméDans cet article, la question de l'origine des pâtes alimentaires est abordée sous Tangle de l'histoire des techniques. Les techniques de fabrication de ces nourritures sont en effet constitutives de leur representation dans les sociétés où elles ont acquis une certaine importance alimentaire. Le cas exemplaire de la Chine à cet égard s'insère cependant dans une réflexion comparative plus large avec le monde méditerranéen. Malgre 1'introduction tardive du blé dans le bassin du fleuve Jaune entre xive et xie siècles av. J.-C, on constate dés le IIIe siécle de notre ère l'existence d'une véritable civilisation des pâtes pétries appelées du nom générique bing. Dans ses tout premiers emplois, ce terme désignait également de façon implicite une « manière de faire » correspondant à la mise en forme par leur agglomération de matières malléables et ductiles. Ainsi un fil peut être tracé entre plusieurs univers techniques : de la table de pétrissage à celui de la paillasse du pharmacologue, en passant par 1'atelier du fabricant de ferments pour boissons alcooliques et celui du métallurgiste, tous milieux ou le mot bing a désigné soit une opération technique de mise en forme, soit la forme elle-même ainsi obtenue. Ainsi l'intégration des préparations à base de pâte de farine de blé pétrie dans les pratiques alimentaires fut essentiellement conçue en fonction des potentialités que revetait au plan technique la farine de blé. Celle-ci fut considéréd comme une matière totalement differénte des autres «poudres» de céreales, qui elles, on le sait aujourd'hui, ne contenaient pas le gluten donnant cette élasticité toute particulière aux pâtes issues du blé tendre ou dur.

L'auteur examine l'ampleur et la signification des différences économiques et sociales parmi les métayers d'une région au caractère commercial dans le sud de l'Angleterre au début de l'expansion économique moderne. II relève les tendances quant à l'utilisation des terres, des baux, des loyers, de la rentabilité, de la propriété ainsi que du volume, de la nature et des effets des différents transferts foncièrs. Ensuite l'auteur suit les carrières des acquéreurs de biens fonciers par le détail. Des changements à la fois structuraux et qualitatifs de la propriété foncière se manifestent, souvent sans rapport entre les deux. Les relations entre les différences économiques et socio-culturelles sont complexes. L'auteur suggère que l'évolution récente de la théorie sociale, cherchant à incorporer la multidimensionalité de la vie sociale dans l'Interprétation des changements sociaux à long terme, est de grande utilité pour les médiévistes.

The idea of starting an astronomical site testing in Antarctica began during a congress organized by French Académie des Sciences, in 1992, and entitled ‘Recherches polaires-Une Stratégie pour l'an 2000’. At this time, one of us (Vernin 1994) gave a proposal for an astronomical site testing in Antarctica. This proposal was rapidly followed by a meeting between Al Harper (from ‘Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica’, Chicago), Peter Gillingham (from the Anglo Australian Observatory, Australia) and Jean Vernin (from Nice University) at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, in 1993. It was decided to investigate what was the astronomical quality of South Pole station, each institute bringing its own participation: CARA, the South Pole infrastructure, University of New South Wales, a PhD student and Nice University its expertise and instruments.