Se connecter

Bibliographies thématiques / Carbon composites Testing

Sommaire

Articles de revues
Thèses
Livres
Chapitres de livres
Actes de conférences
Rapports d'organisations

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Carbon composites Testing »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 31 janvier 2023

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres

Choisissez une source :

Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Carbon composites Testing ».

À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.

Articles de revues sur le sujet "Carbon composites Testing"

1

Sosa, Edward D., Erica S. Worthy, and Thomas K. Darlington. "Microwave Assisted Manufacturing and Repair of Carbon Reinforced Nanocomposites." Journal of Composites 2016 (October 13, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7058649.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

We report a composite capable of advanced manufacturing and damage repair. Microwave energy is used to induce thermal reversible polymerization of the matrix allowing for microwave assisted composite welding and repair. Composites can be bonded together in just a few minutes through microwave welding. Lap shear testing demonstrates that microwave welded composites exhibit 40% bond strength relative to composites bonded with epoxy resin. Double cantilever beam testing shows 60% recovery in delamination strength after microwave assisted composite repair. The interfacial adhesion and composite repair after microwave exposure are examined by X-ray computed tomography. The microwave processing is shown to be reproducible and consistent. The ability to perform scalable manufacturing is demonstrated by the construction of a large structure from smaller components.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Nazem Salimi, Masoumeh, Mehdi Torabi Merajin, and Mohammad Kazem Besharati Givi. "Enhanced mechanical properties of multifunctional multiscale glass/carbon/epoxy composite reinforced with carbon nanotubes and simultaneous carbon nanotubes/nanoclays." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 6 (August 20, 2016): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316655201.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Hybrid composites are being used in a wide variety of applications especially in the aircraft industry. Therefore, it would be of great use to develop a hybrid composite with a high mechanical performance. With this premise, this studyaimed to imbed secondary nanoscale reinforcement into the matrix of glass/carbon/epoxy composite where amino multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hybridization of amino multi-walled carbon nanotube and Nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) were utilized. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of hybrid composites were evaluated and a comparative study between hybrid composite reinforced with amino-MWCNTs and simultaneous amino-MWCNTs and Nanoclay was conducted. The fractured surfaces of tensile testing and bending testing specimens were characterized with a high precise field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results of the tensile test revealed that incorporation of amino-MWCNTs reduced the ultimate strength of hybrid composite, while the elastic modulus of composite with combination of amino-MWCNTs and Nanoclay increased. It was demonstrated that incorporation of nanotubes and simultaneous presence of both amino MWCNTs and Nanoclay could enhance exclusively the flexural strength of conventional hybrid composite by up to 10.5% and 22% respectively. Also, simultaneous presence of nano-fillers resulted in 12.2% enhancement of impact strength of hybrid composite where amino-MWCNTs exclusively increased it by up to 49.9%. Morphological characterization of composites indicated to strengthen interfacial interaction of fabrics to epoxy when matrix reinforced with nano-fillers, especially in combination of both nanotubes and nanoclays.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Arun A.K, Satish Hiremath, Kavyashree R, and Md Imamali. "Fabrication and Testing of Novel Hybrid Carbon Composite for Aircraft Applications." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v2i1.26.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Even though many advanced composite material fabrication method is available, still hand layup method is a major part of a research work. Hand-layup process is time consuming and inconsistent method, but due its low cost and versatility, this method is used for production of composites. In this project, a hybrid carbon composite has been fabricated and tested for two different compositions. From testing results we studied that carbon-glass composite fiber is tougher than the glass-bagasse-carbon composite fiber and which is harder than the glass-bagasse-carbon composite fiber. The limitation of the carbon-glass composite fiber is more costly than the glass-bagasse-carbon composite fiber but it gives more strength.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Wang, Xiaojun, Xuli Fu, and D. D. L. Chung. "Electromechanical study of carbon fiber composites." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 11 (November 1998): 3081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0420.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Electromechanical testing involving simultaneous electrical and mechanical measurements under load was used to study the fiber-matrix interface, the fiber residual compressive stress, and the degree of marcelling (fiber waviness) in carbon fiber composites. The interface study involved single fiber pull-out testing while the fiber-matrix contact electrical resistivity was measured. The residual stress study involved measuring the electrical resistance of a single fiber embedded in the matrix while the fiber was subjected to tension through its exposed ends. The marcelling study involved measuring the electrical resistance of a composite in the through-thickness direction while tension within the elastic regime was applied in the fiber direction.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Kummerlöwe, Claudia, Norbert Vennemann, and Achim Siebert. "Carbon Nanotube Elastomer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.322.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Composites of multi walled carbon nanotubes and several synthetic rubbers as well as natural rubber were investigated regarding their mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity and vulcanization properties. The composites were prepared by a melt mixing process. Induction and cure times obtained from rheometer curves exhibited a considerable decrease with increasing filler loading and kinetic investigations using a first order model indicated a distinct reduction of the activation energy. An examination of the crosslink density by equilibrium swelling and hysteresis tensile testing showed a strong increase with carbon nanotube content. The analysis of the thermal conductivity revealed the presents of a considerable interfacial thermal resistance which restricts the contribution of carbon nanotubes to the composite thermal conductivity. The electrical percolation thresholds of the melt compounded composites depend on processing procedure as well as elastomer and CNT type. At least a partial exfoliation of the CNT aggregates was reached.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Dai, R. L., and W. H. Liao. "Carbon Nanotube Composites for Vibration Damping." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.817.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

It has been found that the composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and epoxy resin could greatly enhance damping ability while the stiffness is kept high. In this paper, carbon nanotube enhanced epoxy resin is fabricated. A testing apparatus for obtaining composite dynamic properties is set up. In particular, the loss factors are measured. Experimental results show that CNT additive can provide the composite with several times higher damping as compared with pure epoxy. A finite element model is built to simulate the composite damping. CNT diameter and segment length are investigated using the developed model. Results show that composite damping is insensitive to CNT segment length while the effect of CNT diameter on composite damping is significant.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Pang, Laixue, Jinsheng Zhang, and Jing Xu. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Fe3Al-MWNTs Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 17, no. 4 (July 2008): 096369350801700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350801700404.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) reinforced iron aluminides (Fe3Al) intermetallic matrix composites have been prepared by a conventional (hot pressing) sintering method. Morphological, structural, compositional and mechanical properties investigations have been performed. Compressive testing shows that the composites still display high yield strength. The first results show that carbon nanotubes have been preserved in composite structure during the sintering process.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Patro, Brundaban, D. Shashidhar, B. Rajeshwer, and Saroj Kumar Padhi. "Preparation and Testing of PAN Carbon/Epoxy Resin Composites." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01711010014.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Background: Due to light weight, high performance and excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers are considered a key material in the 21st century. These are extensively used in many industries for structural usages, such as aerospace, aeronautical, sporting goods applications, and automotive and medical devices, due to their desirable strength to weight properties. Now, these are globally accepted as a high performance and high-strength material. Most of the carbon fibers are derived from polyacrylonitrile fiber precursor. These materials have the potential for fire hazards caused due to heat, smoke, and electric short circuit. Objective: To prepare polyacrylonitrile carbon and epoxy resin laminates in multilayers by hand-lay-up method and testing by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. Method: Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites are prepared using the hand-lay-up method. For the non-destructive testing, the ultrasonic type is used. For the destructive testing, a universal testing machine is used to test the tensile test, the flexural test and the inter-laminar shear stress test, as per the ASTM standard. Subsequently, the physical properties, such as the density test and the fiber content, the resin content and the void content tests of the laminate are carried out. Results: The experimental results show that the matrix laminates have good mechanical and physical properties. Conclusion: Preparation and testing of polyacrylonitrile carbon/epoxy resin composites are carried out and the prepared laminates exhibit good mechanical and physical properties. Hence, the laminates can be used in many industrial and commercial applications, as a composite material.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Islam, Md Zahirul, Ali Amiri, and Chad A. Ulven. "Fatigue Behavior Comparison of Inter-Ply and Intra-Ply Hybrid Flax-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5070184.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Hybridization of natural fiber with synthetic fiber to reinforce polymer matrix composites is an effective way of increasing fatigue strength of composites with substantial amount of bio-based content. Flax is the strongest type of bast natural fiber, possessing excellent mechanical and damping properties. Fatigue properties of flax fiber hybridized with synthetic carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites were studied. Fatigue properties of inter-ply hybrid flax-carbon fiber reinforced composite were compared to intra-ply hybrid flax-carbon fiber reinforced composites through tensile fatigue testing at 70% load of ultimate tensile strength and with a loading frequency of 3 Hz. For similar amount (by mass) of flax and carbon fiber, intra-ply flax-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced composite exhibited a very large increase (>2000%) in fatigue life compared to inter-ply flax-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced composites. Suitable hybridization can produce hybrid composites that are as strong as synthetic fiber composites while containing a high bio-based content of natural fibers.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

He, Xun Lai, Jun Hui Yin, Zhen Qian Yang, and Hong Wei Liu. "Damage Mechanism Analysis of Carbon Fiber Composites under Compressive Load." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.36.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Carbon fiber composite material with light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and other characteristics of its impact damage mechanism is different from the traditional metal materials. In this paper, the quasi-static compression of carbon fiber composites was carried out by using a material testing machine to analyze the damage mechanism. The Hopkinson bar technology was used to test the dynamic mechanical properties. The damage mechanism of the carbon fiber composites under dynamic compressive loading was studied. Stress - Strain relationship of composites under Quasi - static and dynamic compressive load. It is found that the main failure mode of out-of-plane direction of carbon fiber composite laminates is brittle shear failure, while the in-plane failure mode shows the properties of brittle materials.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Carbon composites Testing"

1

Bradley, Luke R. "Mechanical testing and modelling of carbon-carbon composites for aircraft disc brakes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426204.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Rubin, Ariel. "Strenghtening of reinforced concrete bridge decks with carbon fiber composites." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19320.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Fox, Bronwyn Louise. "The manufacture, characterization and aging of novel high temperature carbon fibre composites." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011207.114246/index.html.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Scudder, Lawrence Philip. "Characteristics and testing of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites using laser generated ultrasound." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283488.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Wanner, Svenja. "Systematic approach on conducting fatigue testing of unidirectional continuous carbon fibre composites." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261694.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

High fuel saving potentials, increased load carrying capacities and therefore competitive advantages force the heavy goods vehicle industry to enhance the efforts towards comprehensive lightweight designs. Facing this challenge, the material evaluation in terms of simulations and physical testing of composite materials is required for the design against fatigue failure due to road introduced vibrations. Eliminating fatigue testing issues in order to gain acceptable and reproducible results, a future-oriented systematic approach on conducting constant amplitude tension-tension fatigue testing on a unidirectional composite material is presented. Following the material characterisation of the carbon/epoxy material in terms of tensile and shear properties as well as fibre volume fraction, several combinations of tab configurations and specimen geometries have been tested with regard to their suitability for fatigue testing. Finally, the unidirectional material was successfully tested under tension-tension fatigue and first elaborated test data were assessed. In conclusion, the usage of straight aluminium tabs completely clamped inside the grips and bonded to the straight-sided specimen with 3M DP420 adhesive, using ventilation during the test is the recommended test procedure.<br>Lastbilsindustrin tvingas öka ansträngningarna för omfattande viktbesparingar med lättviktskonstruktioner då dessa har konkurrenskraftiga fördelar med potential att minska bränsleförbrukningen samt öka den lastbärande kapaciteten. Genom att ta sig an denna utmaning kommer materialkarakterisering, provning och simulering av kompositmaterial vara av stor betydelse för att kunna konstruera produkter utsatta för cykliska laster från väginducerade vibrationer. Vid utmattningsprovning är det viktigt att kunna generera acceptabla och reproducerbara resultat. I denna rapport presenteras hur man kan undvika och eliminera problem vid utmattningsprovning, samt ett systematiskt tillvägagångsätt vid genomförande av utmattningsprovning med konstant amplitud för belastningen drag-drag på ett kompositmaterial med enkelriktad fiberorientering. Ett kolfiber/epoximaterial är karakteriserat och flertal kombinationer av tab-konfiguration och provstavsgeometri har testats, med avseende på lämplighet för utmattningsprovning. Slutligen har kolfiber/epoximaterialet provats med framgång under cyklisk drag-drag belastning i fiberriktningen. Slutsatsen för utmattningsprovning är att använda sig av raka aluminium tabbar helt fastklämda inuti greppen. Tabbarna limmas fast på provstaven med 3M DP420 lim. Ventilation är också rekommenderat under provning för att undvika en ökning av temperatur i provstaven.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Drivas, Thanos. "Manufacturing Three-dimensional Carbon-fibre Preforms for Aerospace Composites." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31577.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites (CF PMCs) are increasingly used in state-of-the-art aerospace applications. Aerospace manufacturers favour components made of CF PMCs over those made of traditional metallic alloys because of their light weight and corrosion resistance, which lead to significant improvements in fuel consump- tion, increased payload capability, and reduced maintenance and inspection costs. How- ever, manufacturing of CF PMC components is performed differently than traditional material in all stages – design, prototyping and production – and therefore, many com- mercial manufacturers have only recently begun producing components with CF PMCs. The first half of this thesis was written as a contribution to the CRIAQ COMP-501 project, which focusses on investigating the cost-effective procurement of airframe com- ponents that are manufactured from final-thickness, net-shaped, and through-thickness reinforced CF preforms. Reinforcement preforms were assembled from commercial 2D woven fabric using stacks of various configurations of structural through-thickness CF stitch. The contribution herein provides the results obtained from investigations into the mechanical behaviour of the relevant reinforcements, when subjected to pre-infusion op- erations typical to RTM VARTM; mechanical behaviour in compaction, shear (draping) and bending (forming). The second half of this thesis presents the major developments which were made to an alternative process for producing thick 3D preforms with great versatility, a process originally proposed as a candidate for supplying preforms to the COMP-501 project. This process interfaces a proprietary kinematic drape optimization (CAD) software with proprietary automated dry fibre placement assembly (CAM) machinery to produce vari- able or final-thickness reinforcements which are highly-drapable and can lay steered tow yarns.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Bass, Roger Wesley. "Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Healing Poly (Carbonate Urethane) Carbon-Nanotube Composites." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2999.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Synthesis of high molar mass polycarbonate polyurethanes using a novel polyol is described. The resulting elastomers demonstrate excellent mechanical properties as well as the capability to re-heal after rupture without the addition of additives or imbedded healing agents. The self-healing functionality is shown to greatly improve with the addition of up to 1% single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The interface of the carbon nanotubes and self-healing polymer are probed using Raman techniques and provide an insight into how the self-healing actions are improved with the addition of carbon nanotubes. Synthesis of polycarbonate polyurethanes and carbon nanotube composites using a novel casting method is described and compared to the more traditional solution casting method. The dispersion of the carbon nanotubes is evaluated as well as the effect of effective dispersion on the composites through tensile testing, rheometry and hardness testing. Although complete agglomeration avoidance could not be achieved, significant size decrease was observed. Over 200% improvement in tensile strength is shown with conventional solution casting method which is further improved by the described novel solution casting method. Contact angle measurements on our novel self-healing poly (carbonate urethane) and CNTs composites show that surface energies are drastically changed when CNTs are used. The most revealing finding is that f×svp increases in CNT composite materials from ~30% of the surface energy on average for the samples tested, to ~80%. We have shown that surface free energies increase most likely as a result of exposing hydrogen bonding sites typically found within the bulk in polyurethanes. Our polyurethane differs from traditional polyurethanes in that it has both novel soft segments made from a novel polycarbonate polyol discussed in chapter 2 and relatively soft ¡§hard¡¦ segments resulting from the use of H12MDI, all leading to increased ability to hydrogen bond within the material. The availability of the hydrogen bonding sites is demonstrated by FTIR absorbance bands for associated and unassociated hydrogen bonding sites, which do not seem to be accessible to a large until the PCPU¡¦s surface is disrupted. Once disrupted, the exposed hydrogen bonding sites are able to bond with other bonding sites of adjacent ruptured surfaces. This would explain why our material is non-blocking, e.g. won¡¦t stick to itself, until the surface is ruptured. It would also explain why any two ruptured surfaces of our material will reheal, even if they were not attached previously.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Etheridge, George Alexander. "Investigation of progressive damage and failure in IM7 carbon fiber/5250-4 bismaleimide resin matrix composite laminates." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19669.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Haberle, Jurgen. "Strength and failure mechanisms of unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced plastics under axial compression." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11390.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Thompson, Luke Francis. "Through-thickness compression testing and theory of carbon fibre composite materials." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/throughthickness-compression-testing-and-theory-of-carbon-fibre-composite-materials(02ad7cfa-b779-4e69-9361-3c5bb44c6114).html.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This study investigates the through-thickness behaviour of carbon/epoxy laminates. A through-thickness compression test regime was conducted utilising three specimen designs, which are waisted, hollow cylindrical and cubic specimens. An assessment and comparison of each specimen is given regarding their advantages and disadvantages in characterising the through-thickness response of [+45/-45/90/0]s quasi-isotropic AS4/8552 carbon/epoxy laminates. A finite element (FE) study of the three specimens is presented which results in specimen geometries that provided a macroscopically uniform stress response throughout the gauge length whilst also minimising other features such as stress concentrations. Further to the final geometries being presented, the method of manufacture for the laminate and machining processes for each of the specimens is given. A mesoscopic FE study is presented relating to the free-edge effects induced by through-thickness loading in quasi-isotropic laminates. The results presented show that free-edge effects will be present in the test specimens and will have a larger overall impact on the hollow cylindrical specimen. The free-edge effects also increase the stress concentrations present in the corners of the waisted and cubic specimens. Characteristic stress strain curves are presented for each specimen with strain data taken from post yield strain gauges attached to the specimens. The extracted initial Young's modulus Ez and Poisson's ratios vzx and vzy show a small variation between specimens. The strength values for the three specimens vary greatly with the waisted specimen being the strongest and cylindrical specimen the weakest, indicating that the chosen specimen geometry dominates failure. The experimental data will be used for test case 12 in the Second World Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II). A study is presented to predict the effective elastic properties of Z-pinned laminates. The materials under consideration are UD and [0/90]s cross-ply AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy laminates. Estimates on the effective properties are provided by two FE approaches and two analytical bounding approaches; namely Voigt and Reuss bounds and Walpole's bounding theory. The two FE approaches are based on extreme assumptions about the in-plane fibre volume fraction in the presence of Z-pins and provide a tight range of values in which the real result should lie. Furthermore, whilst the bounding methods are simple and in the case of Young's moduli produce very wide bounds the selection of the suitable bound result can lead to a good estimate in comparison with the FE data. Typically the best bounding method result for each elastic property is within 10% of the FE predictions.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Livres sur le sujet "Carbon composites Testing"

1

Symposium on Thermostructural Behavior of Carbon-Carbon Composites (1986 Anaheim, Calif.). Thermostructural behavior of carbon-carbon composites: Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Anaheim, California, December 7-12, 1986. New York, N.Y. (345 E. 47th St., New York 10017): ASME, 1986.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Salmonson, John C. Ion beam testing of the Aerolor X-point dump plate for the Joint European Torus. Albuquerque, N. M: Sandia National Laboratories, 1991.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Scudder, Lawrence Philip. Characterisation and testing of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites using laser generated ultrasound. [s.l.]: typescript, 1994.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Nettles, A. T. Low temperature mechanical testing of carbon-fiber/epoxy-resin composite materials. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Lance, D. G. Low velocity instrumented impact testing of four new damage tolerant carbon/epoxy composite systems. Huntsville, Ala: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1990.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Fabrication and testing of Mo-Re heat pipes embedded in carbon/carbon. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Fabrication and testing of Mo-Re heat pipes embedded in carbon/carbon. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Acoustic emission monitoring of low velocity impact damage in graphite/epoxy laminates during tensile loading. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1992.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Acoustic emission monitoring of low velocity impact damage in graphite/epoxy laminates during tensile loading. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1992.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., ed. Instrumented impact and residual tensile strength testing of eight-ply carbon/epoxy specimens. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Carbon composites Testing"

1

Gvishi, M., A. H. Kahn, and M. L. Mester. "Eddy Current Testing of Carbon-Carbon Composites." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 289–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3344-3_36.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Park, Soo-Jin, and Kyong-Min Bae. "Testing of Carbon Fibers and Their Composites." In Carbon Fibers, 135–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9478-7_5.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Park, Soo-Jin. "Testing of Carbon Fibers and Their Composites." In Carbon Fibers, 139–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0538-2_5.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Adams, D. F. "CFRP Testing and Properties Optimization." In Carbon Fibres and Their Composites, 175–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70725-4_10.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Coulter, L. L., and J. G. Byrne. "Positron Testing of Carbon-Fiber Composites." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1561–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3742-7_55.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Zhang, Liangchi. "Mechanics of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites." In Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices, 174–208. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78701-5_9.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Byrne, J. G., and K. Schick. "Further on Positron Testing of Carbon Fiber Composites." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1405–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2848-7_180.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Ladevèze, Pierre, David Néron, and Hadrien Bainier. "A Virtual Testing Approach for Laminated Composites Based on Micromechanics." In The Structural Integrity of Carbon Fiber Composites, 667–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46120-5_23.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Bielak, Jan, Josef Hegger, and Rostislav Chudoba. "Towards Standardization: Testing and Design of Carbon Concrete Composites." In High Tech Concrete: Where Technology and Engineering Meet, 313–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_38.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

García-Arrieta, Sonia, Essi Sarlin, Amaia De La Calle, Antonello Dimiccoli, Laura Saviano, and Cristina Elizetxea. "Thermal Demanufacturing Processes for Long Fibers Recovery." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 81–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_5.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractThe possibility of recycling glass (GF) and carbon fibers (CF) from fiber-reinforced composites by using pyrolysis was studied. Different fibers from composite waste were recovered with thermal treatment. The recycled fibers were evaluated as a reinforcement for new materials or applications. The main objective was to evaluate the fibers obtained from the different types of industrial composite waste considering the format obtained, the cleanliness and the amount of inorganic fillers and finally, the fibers quality. These characteristics defined the processes, sectors and applications in which recycled fibers can replace virgin fibers. These fibers were also evaluated and validated with tensile testing and compared to the tensile strength of virgin GF and CF.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Carbon composites Testing"

1

Sudhir, Aswathi, Abhilash M. Nagaraja, and Suhasini Gururaja. "Effective Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Carbon Composites." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36583.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In recent times, composite materials have gained mainstream acceptance as a structural material of choice due to their tailorability and improved thermal, specific strength/stiffness and durability performance [1–3]. For high temperature applications, which include exit nozzle for rockets, leading edge for missiles, nose cones, brake pads etc. Carbon-Carbon composites (C/C composite) are found suitable [4–6]. Mechanical property estimation of C/C composites is challenging due to their highly heterogeneous microstructure. The highly heterogeneous microstructure consists of woven C-fibers, C-matrix, irregularly shaped voids, cracks and other inclusions. Predicting the mechanical behavior of complex hierarchical materials like C/C composites is of interest which forms the motivation for the present work. A systematic study to predict the effective mechanical properties of C/C composite using numerical homogenization has been undertaken in this work. The Micro-Meso-Macro (MMM) principle of ensemble averages for estimating the effective properties of the composite has been adopted. The hierarchical length scales in C/C composites were identified as micro (single fiber with matrix), meso (fabric) and macro (laminate). Comparisons have been made with mechanical testing of C/C composites at different length scales.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

VASHISTH, ANIRUDDH, TODD C. HENRY, BRENT T. MILLS, JOSEPH LEE, and CHARLES E. BAKIS. "Oblique Ballistic Impact Testing of Carbon/Epoxy Torsion Tubes." In American Society for Composites 2019. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc34/31270.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

LIN, WENHUA, YEQING WANG, SPENCER LAMPKIN, WALKER PHILIPS, SAMUEL PRABHAKAR, RYDEN SMITH, LINCOLN WHITTINGTON, et al. "Hail Impact Testing of Stitched Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites Laminates." In American Society for Composites 2020. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc35/34892.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

CRABTREE, JOSHUA, DAYAKAR PENUMADU, and STEPHEN YOUNG. "Tensile Properties of Carbon Fiber: Single Filament Vs Tow Based Testing." In American Society for Composites 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc2017/15290.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Berg, Vanessa S., Dale S. Preece, Jerome H. Stofleth, and Mathew A. Risenmay. "Kevlar and Carbon Composite Body Armor: Analysis and Testing." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71433.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Kevlar materials make excellent body armor due to their fabric-like flexibility and ultra-high tensile strength. Carbon composites are made up from many layers of carbon AS-4 material impregnated with epoxy. Fiber orientation is bidirectional, orientated at 0° and 90°. They also have ultra-high tensile strength but can be made into relatively hard armor pieces. Once many layers are cut and assembled they can be ergonomicically shaped in a mold during the heated curing process. Kevlar and carbon composites can be used together to produce light and effective body armor. This paper will focus on computer analysis and laboratory testing of a Kevlar/carbon composite cross-section proposed for body armor development. The carbon composite is inserted between layers of Kevlar. The computer analysis was performed with a Lagrangian transversely isotropic material model for both the Kevlar and Carbon Composite. The computer code employed is AUTODYN. Both the computer analysis and laboratory testing utilized different fragments sizes of hardened steel impacting on the armor cross-section. The steel fragments are right-circular cylinders. Laboratory testing was undertaken by firing various sizes of hardened steel fragments at square test coupons of Kevlar layers and heat cured carbon composites. The V50 velocity for the various fragment sizes was determined from the testing. This V50 data can be used to compare the body armor design with other previously designed armor systems. AUTODYN [1] computer simulations of the fragment impacts were compared to the experimental results and used to evaluate and guide the overall design process. This paper will include the detailed transversely isotropic computer simulations of the Kevlar/carbon composite cross-section as well as the experimental results and a comparison between the two. Conclusions will be drawn about the design process and the validity of current computer modeling methods for Kevlar and carbon composites.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Christoph, Jake E., Colin M. Gregg, Jordan R. Raney, and David A. Jack. "Low Velocity Impact Testing of Laminated Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotube Composites." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52984.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Carbon fiber laminated thermoset composites have become the industry standard for applications dictating a high strength-to-weight ratio. However, the brittle nature of the carbon fiber composite structure limits its energy dissipation characteristics, often leading to catastrophic failure under low energy impact loadings. This research examines the potential effects of including vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube forests within a layered laminate structure with the goal being to increase the energy dissipation of the structure with attention given to the increase in the aerial density as a result of including the insert. These nanotube forests are of interest due to their broader application in coupled scenarios requiring tenability of structural, thermal and electrical properties. These nanotube forests have unique energy dissipative effects due to their hierarchical architecture (see e.g., Dario et al. (2006), Zeng et al. (2010) and Raney et al. (2011)). We synthesize vertically aligned nanotubes (VACNTs) on a single crystalline silicon wafer. After separation with the wafer, the VACNTs are placed within a carbon fiber laminated structure prior to resin infusion using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Drop tower tests similar to ASTM D7136 are performed on carbon fiber laminates, carbon fiber laminates with nanotube forests, and carbon fiber laminates with several alternative materials. Results show an improved damage tolerance of the laminate with each of the investigated inserts, with the CNT system showing an increase of 13% in mean peak force. These results show a similar improvement to the alternative inserts while maintaining the potential for their broader application as a multifunctional material.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Burns, Lauren. "Fire-Under-Load Testing of Carbon Epoxy Composites." In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-222.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Salski, B., P. Kopyt, J. Bienias, and P. Jakubczak. "RF inductive non-destructive testing of carbon composites." In 2016 21st International Conference on Microwave, Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mikon.2016.7492003.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

KIM, JEFFREY J., ANIRUDDH VASHISTH, and CHARLES E. BAKIS. "Testing of Nanoparticle-Toughened Carbon/Epoxy Composites Using the Short Beam Strength Method." In American Society for Composites 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc2017/15382.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Saad, Messiha, Darryl Baker, and Rhys Reaves. "Thermal Characterization of Carbon-Carbon Composites." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64061.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Thermal properties of materials such as specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity are very important in the engineering design process and analysis of aerospace vehicles as well as space systems. These properties are also important in power generation, transportation, and energy storage devices including fuel cells and solar cells. Thermal conductivity plays a critical role in the performance of materials in high temperature applications. Thermal conductivity is the property that determines the working temperature levels of the material, and it is an important parameter in problems involving heat transfer and thermal structures. The objective of this research is to develop thermal properties data base for carbon-carbon and graphitized carbon-carbon composite materials. The carbon-carbon composites tested were produced by the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process using T300 2-D carbon fabric and Primaset PT-30 cyanate ester. The graphitized carbon-carbon composite was heat treated to 2500°C. The flash method was used to measure the thermal diffusivity of the materials; this method is based on America Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM E1461 standard. In addition, the differential scanning calorimeter was used in accordance with the ASTM E1269 standard to determine the specific heat. The thermal conductivity was determined using the measured values of their thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and the density of the materials.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Carbon composites Testing"

1

Miller, David A., Daniel D. Samborsky, and Brandon Lee Ennis. Mechanical Testing Summary: Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1562792.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Coppola, Anthony, Omar Faruque, James F. Truskin, Derek Board, Martin Jones, Jian Tao, Yijung Chen, and Manish Mehta. Validation of Material Models For Automotive Carbon Fiber Composite Structures Via Physical And Crash Testing (VMM Composites Project). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395831.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Hosur, Mahesh V., Shaik Jeelani, Uday K. Vaidya, Sylvanus Nwosu, and Ajit D. Kelkar. Survivability of Affordable Aircraft Composite Structures. Volume 1: Overview and Ballistic Impact Testing of Affordable Woven Carbon/Epoxy Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421600.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Wetzel, Kyle K., Thomas M. Hermann, and James Locke. Fabrication, testing, and analysis of anisotropic carbon/glass hybrid composites: volume 1: technical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896281.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Whisler, Daniel, Rafael Gomez Consarnau, and Ryan Coy. Novel Eco-Friendly, Recycled Composites for Improved CA Road Surfaces. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2046.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The continued use of structural plastics in consumer products, industry, and transportation represents a potential source for durable, long lasting, and recyclable roadways. Costs to dispose of reinforced plastics can be similar to procuring new asphalt with mechanical performance exceeding that of the traditional road surface. This project examines improved material development times by leveraging advanced computational material models based on validated experimental data. By testing traditional asphalt and select carbon and glass reinforced composites, both new and recycled, it is possible to develop a finite element simulation that can predict the material characteristics under a number of loads virtually, and with less lead time compared to experimental testing. From the tested specimens, composites show minimal strength degradation when recycled and used within the asphalt design envelopes considered, with an average of 49% less wear, two orders of magnitude higher compressive strength, and three orders for tensile strength. Predictive computational analysis using the validated material models developed for this investigation confirms the long-term durability.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Seleson, Pablo, Bo Ren, C. T. Wu, Danielle Zeng, and Marco Pasetto. An Advanced Meso-Scale Peridynamic Modeling Technology using High-Performance Computing for Cost-Effective Product Design and Testing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites in Light-weight Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1844868.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Colonna, Martino, Lorenzo Crosetta, Alessandro Nanni, Daniel Colombo, and Tommaso Maria Brugo. Carbon composite plates for running shoes: a novel testing method for the measure of flexural stiffness, rebound and damping. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317544.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Bryant, C. A., S. A. Wilks, and C. W. Keevil. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of food and food packaging materials. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kww583.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently responsible for 500 million reported cases and over 6.4 million deaths. A risk assessment published by the Foods Standards Agency (FSA) in 2020 (Opens in a new window) concluded that it was very unlikely that you could catch coronavirus via food. This assessment included the worst-case assumption that, if food became contaminated during production, no significant inactivation of virus would occur before consumption. However, the rate of inactivation of virus on products sold at various temperatures was identified as a key uncertainty, because if inactivation does occur more rapidly in some situations, then a lower risk may be more appropriate. This project was commissioned to measure the rate of inactivation of virus on the surface of various types of food and food packaging, reducing that uncertainty. The results will be used to consider whether the assumption currently made in the risk assessment remains appropriate for food kept at a range of temperatures, or whether a lower risk is more appropriate for some. We conducted a laboratory-based study, artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. We measured how the amount of infectious virus present on those surfaces declined over time, at a range of temperatures and relative humidity levels, reflecting typical storage conditions. We tested broccoli, peppers, apple, raspberry, cheddar cheese, sliced ham, olives, brine from the olives, white and brown bread crusts, croissants and pain au chocolat. The foods tested were selected as they are commonly sold loose on supermarket shelves or uncovered at deli counters or market stalls, they may be difficult to wash, and they are often consumed without any further processing i.e. cooking. The food packaging materials tested were polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) trays and bottles; aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons. These were selected as they are the most commonly used food packaging materials or consumption of the product may involve direct mouth contact with the packaging. Results showed that virus survival varied depending on the foods and food packaging examined. In several cases, infectious virus was detected for several hours and in some cases for several days, under some conditions tested. For a highly infectious agent such as SARS-CoV-2, which is thought to be transmissible by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face, this confirmation is significant. For most foods tested there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours. However, for cheddar cheese and sliced ham, stored in refrigerated conditions and a range of relative humidity, the virus levels remained high up to a week later, when the testing period was stopped. Both cheddar cheese and sliced ham have high moisture, protein and saturated fat content, possibly offering protection to the virus. When apples and olives were tested, the virus was inactivated to the limit of detection very quickly, within an hour, when the first time point was measured. We suggest that chemicals, such as flavonoids, present in the skin of apples and olives inactivate the virus. The rate of viral decrease was rapid, within a few hours, for croissants and pain au chocolat. These pastries are both coated with a liquid egg wash, which may have an inhibitory effect on the virus. Food packaging materials tested had variable virus survival. For all food packaging, there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours, in all relative humidity conditions and at both 6°C and 21°C; these included PET1 bottles and trays, aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nous offrons des réductions sur tous les plans premium pour les auteurs dont les œuvres sont incluses dans des sélections littéraires thématiques. Contactez-nous pour obtenir un code promo unique!