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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Catalyst Variation »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 2 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Catalyst Variation"

Sandika, Nedia, Yohandri Bow, and Abu Hasan. "Biofuel from Pyrolysis Waste Lube Oil of Refinery Unit III Using Fly Ash of Coal Combustion as a Catalyst." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2020): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v6.i3.130.

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Lube oil waste obtained from Utilities Unit, Crude Distillation Unit, and Crude Distillation & Light End Unit at Refinery Unit III Plaju Palembang South Sumatra. The process of pyrolysis of lube oil waste using fly ash catalyst is expected to produce fuel oil. Lube oil waste pyrolysis uses Fly Ash catalysts with a total catalyst of 500 g with a temperature range variation of 0-85, 85-16, 165-250, 250-300, and 300-350oC, while pyrolysis of waste lube oil without catalysts with a variation in the temperature range of 0-85, 85-165, 165-250, 250-300, and 300-350 oC. Temperature range variation

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Widiarti, Nuni, Ismi Arinal Haq, F. Widhi Mahatmanti, et al. "Biodiesel Synthesis From Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO.SrO Catalyst By Transesterification Reaction In Batch Reactor." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 7, no. 2 (2018): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v7i2.14925.

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CaO is a very good catalyst for oil transesterification reactions into biodiesel, but requires a reaction time of 2 hours to obtain equilibrium. The time of CaO catalysis reaction can be accelerated by modifying the CaO catalyst with SrO. Synthesis biodiesel of waste cooking oil has been successfully conducted by transesterification reaction that used batch reactor assisted by CaO.SrO catalyst. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics and catalytic activity of catalyst in the transesterification reaction. Catalysts have been successfully synthesized by coprecipitation method w

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Teng, Yingyue, Dingze Liu, Qiang Li, Xue Bai, and Yinmin Song. "Research Progress on Application in Energy Conversion of Silicon Carbide-Based Catalyst Carriers." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020236.

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In modern industrial production, heterogeneous catalysts play an important role. A catalyst carrier, as a constituent of heterogeneous catalysts, is employed for supporting and loading active components. The catalyst carrier has a considerable impact on the overall acting performance of the catalysts in actual production. Therefore, a catalyst carrier should have some necessary properties such as a high specific surface area, excellent mechanical strength and wear resistance, and better thermal stability. Among the candidate materials, silicon carbide (SiC) has excellent physical and chemical

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Ahmed Sabili Gifari and Ahmad Hanif Firdaus. "EFFECT OF HYDROCARBON CRACK SYSTEM CATALYST PIPE LENGTH ON EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 3, no. 2 (2024): 304–9. https://doi.org/10.33795/j-meeg.v3i2.5551.

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Exhaust emissions are pollutants that pollute the air caused by exhaust gases from motor vehicles. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of the effect of catalyst pipe length on the Hydrocarbon Crack System on exhaust emissions of four-cylinder gasoline motorcycles. The research method uses experimental method to analyze the Hydrocarbon Crack System tool. The results showed that variations in catalyst pipe length had an effect on reducing exhaust emissions. The test results showed the highest HC reduction of 29.7% in the 200mm catalyst length variation at 2000rpm rotation, and

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Yang, Rui Qin, Xi Kun Gai, Chuang Xing, Jian Wei Mao, and Cheng Xue Lv. "Performance of Cu-Based Catalysts in Low-Temperature Methanol Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1623.

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The reactions of the methanol synthesis were conducted from the CO/CO2/H2 on the Cu-based catalysts using different solvent at 443 K and 3.0 MPa. The alcohol solvent had the activity in the low-temperature methanol synthesis reaction. The activity of the Cu-based catalyst with ZnO as carrier was higher than that of the catalyst with CeO2, Al2O3, or TiO2 as carrier separately in the reaction. The addition of the CeO2 to the Cu/ZnO catalysts improved the copper species dispersion, so that it was easier for the reduction of the Cu/CeO2-ZnO catalyst than that of the Cu/ZnO catalyst according to th

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Hamidi, Nurkholis, Lilis Yuliati, Purnami Purnami, and Naufal Muhammad Faiz. "THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PULVERIZED RICE HUSK WASTE CATALYTIC COMBUSTION WITH NATURAL ZEOLIT." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 5, no. 2 (2024): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2024.005.02.7.

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Rice husk is a type of agricultural waste that generated from rice production activities. The number continues to increase in line with the increasing food needs of the people in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of natural zeolite as a catalyst and to determine the effect of natural zeolite mass percentage variation in the mixture on rice husk waste catalytic combustion by using the thermo gravimetric analysis method. The results of this study show that there is an effect of adding natural zeolite catalysts with the mass percentage of natural zeolite variation

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Wijaya, Nico Aditya, Nanik Wijayati та Edy Cahyono. "Catalytic Activity of Zr4+/ZA on The Isomerization Reaction of α-Pinene and It’s Reusability Test". Indonesian Journal of Physics and Nuclear Applications 1, № 3 (2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/ijpna.v1i3.157-165.

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Production of turpentine oil from pine resin until December 2014th was reported to reaching 17.150 tones with the wide of pine forest is 876.992,66 acres. The main component of turpentine oil is α-pinena which isomer products have high value for industrial raw materials. Effects concentration of impregnation and reusability test a best catalyst on α-pinene isomerization reaction using catalysts Zr4+/natural zeolite in which modificated with different Zr4+ concentration were analyzed. Characterization of catalyst included <

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Al Muttaqii, Muhammad, Maja Pranata Marbun, Sugeng Priyanto, et al. "Lampung Natural Zeolite Dopped with of ZnO-TiO2 Metal Oxide as Catalyst for Biodiesel Production." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 19, no. 1 (2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20038.

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Research has been carried out on making biodiesel from palm oil using natural zeolite catalysts impregnated with metal oxides such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide. This research aims to produce biodiesel using natural zeolite and ZnO-TiO2/NZ catalysts. The catalysts were analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET). The catalyst was tested in the transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. The mole oil and methanol ratio varied from 1:15, 1:18, and 1:20. In addition, the biodiesel product was analy

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Fitrianor, Ahmad, and Aqli Mursadin. "PENGARUH KATALIS BENTONIT PADA HASIL VOLUME SYNGAS GASIFIKASI LIMBAH KAYU GALAM DAN BATUBARA KUALITAS RENDAH." Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika 4, no. 2 (2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/sjmekinematika.v4i2.88.

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This study aims to determine and compare the results of the syngas volume generated from variations in mixing of galam wood powder and bentonite catalyst coal. This research was carried out by mixing galam wood powder and coal with a mass of 200g which was given a bentonite catalyst. There were 4 variations of mixing ingredients namely 200g galam wood powder and 0g coal, 180g galam wood powder and 20g coal, 140g galam wood powder and 60g coal, 100g galam wood powder and 100g coal which added 50%, 30% and 10% bentonite catalysts from the mass of material in each variation of the temperature. Ma

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Amalia, Rif’ah, Hendrik Elvian Gayuh Prasetya, Eka Siti Nurlaili, and Achmad Bahrul Ulum. "PILOT PLANT PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS BASA HOMOGEN." Journal of Research and Technology 6, no. 1 (2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55732/jrt.v6i1.135.

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Methyl ester is an alkyl ester compound which is produced through an transesterification process between triglycerides and methanol with the aid of alkaline catalysts into alkyl esters and glycerol. Methyl ester is produced through a transesterification reaction. The method used in the production of methyl ester was Pilot Plant with batch process. Base catalyst variations were carried out at 0,1%w/w;0,3%w/w;0,5%w/w;0,7%w/w; dan 0,9%w/w. The productions of methyl ester consisted of pre-treatment, transesterification reaction, and post-treatment. Quality test of methyl ester consists of density

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Thèses sur le sujet "Catalyst Variation"

Nixon, David J. "Catalytic behaviour of nickel-based catalysts operating on simulated biogas : optimisation through oxygen addition, temperature variation and catalyst modification." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3818/.

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The use of catalytic systems operating on waste products such as biogas offers a potentially attractive alternative for renewable and sustainable energy generation. To investigate the potential viability of such catalytic systems for operation on biogas, a detailed study of nickel-based catalysts for the reforming of simulated biogas (methane:carbon dioxide = 2) to synthesis gas has been undertaken. The influence of oxygen addition in varied concentrations to the simulated biogas mixture has been investigated with regards to catalyst activity, selectivity and stability. This influence has been

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Yildiz, Mahmut [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schomäcker, Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Thomas, and Malte [Akademischer Betreuer] Behrens. "Influences of support material variation on structure and catalytic performance of MnxOy-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst for the oxidative coupling of methane / Mahmut Yildiz. Gutachter: Reinhard Schomäcker ; Arne Thomas ; Malte Behrens. Betreuer: Reinhard Schomäcker." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066550301/34.

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Jamieson, Jennifer Yvonne 1975. "Ligand variation in molybdenum asymmetric ring-closing metathesis catalysts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8053.

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Franklin, C. P. "Scattering theory with applications to muon catalysed fusion and positron H2+ collisions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281636.

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Baudrimont, Isabelle. "Variation de la nephrotoxicité de l'ochratoxine A sous l'effet de facteurs métaboliques et non métaboliques." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2B002.

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L'ochratoxine A (OTA), mycotoxine élaborée par des moisissures appartenant aux genres Aspergillus et Penicillum, est un contaminant alimentaire présent, non seulement dans les céréales, les oléagineux etc. , mais aussi dans le sang d'animaux et de personnes ayant consommé des aliments contaminés. Sa répartition est mondiale, et elle est considérée comme l'agent causal principal de la Néphropathie Endémique des Balkans. Outre la néphrotoxicité et la cancérogénicité, effets toxiques majeurs, l'OTA est immunosuppressive, tératogène et génotoxique. Compte tenu de la difficulté à empêcher la prolif

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Toure, Momar Gaya. "Petites variations autour de la chimie de l'imidazole et du bore : de la catalyse aux récepteurs d'anions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4365.

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La conception et l’élaboration de nouveaux ligands en chimie organométallique évoluent vers le design de ligands multifonctionnels afin d’augmenter l'affinité ligand/métal/substrat et de mimer les catalyseurs de la nature comme les enzymes, en activant de manière synergique les différents partenaires de la réaction. Il existe dans la littérature très peu d’exemples de complexes organométalliques présentant une fonctionnalité acide de Lewis. Dans notre étude, nous avons opté pour l’utilisation d’un atome de bore trivalent pendant. Malgré la forte utilisation des dérivés du bore en catalyse acid

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Toure, Momar Gaya. "Petites variations autour de la chimie de l'imidazole et du bore : de la catalyse aux récepteurs d'anions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4365.

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Muñoz, Alberto. "The Development of Novel N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Tools for Assessing Structural Variation Effects Upon Catalyst Reactivity." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8N02QC9.

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N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are an important class of compounds responsible for a wide variety of chemical transformations. NHCs may be used as organocatalysts that permit non-traditional carbon carbon bond formations due to their renowned ability to invert the electrophilic character of aldehyde carbonyl groups, a concept otherwise known as polarity reversal or umpolung reactivity. Despite their ubiquity with respect to accessing the umpolung of aldehydes, fundamental studies of these reactive species are still rather limited and narrow in scope. As a result, clarifying and solving problem

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Livres sur le sujet "Catalyst Variation"

Hoeven, W. van der. DSC measurements on experimental TGDDM/DDS resin systems: The influence of variations in resin composition and catalyst content. National Aerospace Laboratory, 1990.

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The Development of Novel N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Tools for Assessing Structural Variation Effects Upon Catalyst Reactivity. [publisher not identified], 2018.

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Evans, Gareth. R2P. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.49.

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R2P was designed for pragmatists, not purists: to change state behaviour, not make new law or rewrite international relations theory. Since 2005 it has gathered momentum as a normative force, institutional catalyst, and framework for both preventive and reactive action. There are many grounds for optimism about its consolidation and further development in all these respects over the next decade and beyond: it is no longer possible for policy-makers to think and act as if mass atrocity crimes committed behind sovereign state borders are nobody else’s business. But, with dissension over the impl

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Variational Methods Applied to Problems of Diffusion and Reaction. Springer, 2012.

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Huch, Renate, and William Strieder Rutherford Aris. Variational Methods Applied to Problems of Diffusion and Reaction. Springer, 2011.

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Hinshaw, John, and Peter Stearns. Industrialization in the Modern World. ABC-CLIO, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400669910.

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This unique two-volume work analyzes the Industrial Revolution from a global perspective and traces its influences up to the present day—encouraging students to rethink the significance of events past and present. By taking a fresh approach to its topic,Industrialization in the Modern World: From the Industrial Revolution to the Internetenables students to see this ongoing phenomenon not as a standalone event, but as a catalyst for the formation of today's globalized, industrializing world. Spanning the period from 1750 to the present, the work offers some 450 entries that cover developments i

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Catalyst Variation"

Serhan, Nahil. "Variation of Soot Structure Along the Exhaust Aftertreatment System—Impact of Oxygenated Diesel Blends on the Soot/Catalyst Interactions." In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1582-5_9.

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Mantu, Sandra. "EU Citizenship as a Catalyst for New Sovereignty Practices." In Variations on Sovereignty. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003287506-15.

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Aznury, Martha, Mareta Putri, Desti Nur Wahyunita, et al. "Production of Biodiesel From Nyamplung Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum) Using Immobilized Lipase Enzyme Catalyst with Variation of Temperature and Number of Cycles in A Packed Bed Reactor." In Proceedings of the 7th FIRST 2023 International Conference on Global Innovations (FIRST-ESCSI 2023). Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-386-3_14.

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Ashwin, Paul. "Foreword." In Phenomenography in the 21st Century. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0431.11.

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This foreword highlights the significance of Gerlese Åkerlind’s book as a definitive text on phenomenography, offering invaluable insights for both novice and experienced researchers. The author reflects on their personal journey with phenomenography, emphasizing its power to explore variations in human experience. The book is praised for its clarity, precision, and inclusive tone, making complex concepts accessible while maintaining analytical depth. It underscores phenomenography’s relevance in addressing global challenges by fostering diverse perspectives in decision-making. Ultimately, the

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Brocklehurst, K. "Natural structural variation in the cysteine proteinases as an aid to the study of mechanism by reactivity probe kinetics, catalysis kinetics and spectroscopic methods." In Cysteine Proteinases and their Inhibitors, edited by Vito Turk. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110846836-033.

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Joule, J. A. "Variation 3: Using a Copper Catalyst." In Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates KU 2011/1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-110-00031.

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Smith, L. H. S., S. C. Coote, and D. J. Procter. "Variation 1: Using a Lewis Acid Catalyst." In Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates KU 2011/1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-129-00205.

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Smith, L. H. S., S. C. Coote, and D. J. Procter. "Variation 2: In the Absence of a Catalyst." In Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates KU 2011/1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-129-00206.

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Irurtzun, Aritz. "Polarity Questions with Fronted Foci in the Spanish of the Basque Country." In The Syntactic Variation of Spanish Dialects. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634797.003.0006.

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In the Spanish variety spoken in the Basque Country, a set of directive speech acts is performed with absolute questions with an OV(S) word order such as Una sidra me pones? “will you serve me a cider?” This essay analyzes the structure, interpretation, and possible origin of these constructions, examining how their structure has a “split focus” whereby the left-dislocated element is really focal but rather than being “the focus” of the sentence it stands in a split-focus construction with the polarity of the absolute question (e.g., “[one cider]F -[polarity]F?”). A possi

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Lal, Dr Neeta. "BIO CATALYST ENZYME: STUDY OF KINETICS AND MECHANISM." In Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology Volume 3 Book 18. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bkbt18p2ch12.

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This chapter deals with the classification, structure binding, kinetics and properties of enzymes along with the classification and properties of coenzymes. Enzyme plays a pivotal role in any physiological process occurring in plants and animals including human. The specific nature of enzyme is the property of greater interest. The kinetics of enzyme catalysis including the behaviour of enzyme by variation of its concentration, substrate concentration and product formation in different time intervals are incorporated in the chapter. The rate law expression of enzyme catalyzed reaction is deriv

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Catalyst Variation"

Ellis, Peter F., Kwei-Meng Yap, Sridhar Srinivasan, Richard J. Horvath, and Russell Kane. "Prediction and Assessment of Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid Alkylation Units." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02535.

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Abstract Sulfuric acid alkylation (SAA), the conversion of olefins and butane to high-octane alkylate using highly concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, is a very profitable refinery operation with powerful incentives to maximize throughput. However, until recently there were only minimal corrosion data available upon which to assess the possible equipment damage resulting from changes in SAA unit operating conditions. Thus, a joint industry program (JIP) entitled “Prediction of Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid Alkylation Units” was launched in January 2006 and completed in January 2010, to deve

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Keestra, Hilbert, Yordi Slotboom, Kevin H. R. Rouwenhorst, and Derk W. F. Brilman. "A Century of Data: Thermodynamics and Kinetics for Ammonia Synthesis on Various Commercial Iron-based Catalysts." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.128811.

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This work presents an improved thermodynamic model, an equilibrium model, and a unified kinetic model for ammonia synthesis. The thermodynamic model accurately describes the non-ideality of the reaction system up to 1000 bar using a modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong Equation-of-State. The developed Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model accurately describes ammonia synthesis on iron-based catalysts by incorporating N* and H* surface species, whereas H* species are mainly relevant below 400�C. The model fits an extensive dataset across diverse conditions (251-550�C, 1-324 bar, H2/N2 ratios 0.33-8.5, and

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Wang, Haoyu, Xue Han, Minkang Liu, Yimin Zeng, and Chunbao Charles Xu. "Comparative Studies on Corrosion Performance of UNS R20033 under Batch-mode Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Conversion of Typical Model Compounds in Lignocellulosic Biomass." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-21156.

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Abstract Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an important thermochemical technology which uses hot pressurized water to convert wet biomass or biowaste feedstocks into biocrude oils and other marketable bio-chemicals. However, the widespread commercialization of HTL technology could be challenging due to the corrosion of process core equipment, especially the refining reactors. The presence of hot pressurized water, aggressive catalyst, and organic products can lead to serious corrosion damage and even stress corrosion cracking risks on HTL reactors. Lignocellulosic biomass comprises three prim

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Dutta, P., D. K. Yee, and R. A. Dalla Betta. "Catalytic Combustor Development for Ultra-Low Emissions Industrial Gas Turbines." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-497.

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The goal of the Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) program is to develop a high thermal efficiency industrial gas turbine with ultra-low emissions (<10 ppmv NOx, CO and UHC @ 15% O2) over the 50 to 100% load range. Catalytic combustion was chosen as an approach likely to meet ATS emissions goals. A subscale catalytic combustor development program was designed to develop a technical knowledge base for catalyst design (catalyst construction, length), performance (ignition, activity and emissions) and operating limitations (fuel-air turndown and sensitivity to combustor operating variables). A nov

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Chen, Ming, and Karen Schirmer. "A Modelling Approach to the Design Optimization of Catalytic Converters of I.C. Engines." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine and Rail Transportation Divisions Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2003-0729.

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In this paper, a modelling approach to the design optimization of catalytic converters is presented. The first step of the optimization is the model-assisted sizing of catalysts. For a given inlet exhaust condition, a semi-empirical, experimentally calibrated, 0-D steady state catalyst model is employed to sort through a data base of catalysts under given restraints, yielding few successful candidates. Following this screening process, a 1-D transient plug-flow catalyst model is used to analyze the species concentrations and the temperature variation across the catalyst. The second step deals

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Sartain, John, Don Newburry, Mikko Pitkanen, and Markku Ikonen. "3-Way Catalyst Testing at VTT Energy." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0592.

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Emissions regulations on stationary, natural gas fired reciprocating engines are becoming increasingly tighter throughout the United States. In addition to lower NOx, CO and hydrocarbon limits, regulation of HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) emissions has become more prevalent. Rich burn (stoichiometric) natural gas engines are widely used in the oil and gas industry, as well as in distributed power generation. Due to the low oxygen content in the exhaust, these engines are suitable for 3-Way catalyst, which simultaneously reduces NOx and oxidizes CO and hydrocarbons. A series of 3-Way catalyst te

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Gribov, Evgeniy N., Ivan M. Krivobokov, and Aleksey G. Okunev. "Effect of MEAs Preparation Procedure on Their Performance in Room Temperature DMFC." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33160.

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In this work the effect of the MEA preparation techniques on the performance of DMFC was evaluated using three different methods of electrocatalyst deposition: i) catalyst coated membrane; ii) catalyst coated carbon paper; and iii) decal deposition. Optimization of the nafion content (5–15 wt. %) at anode and cathode sides of the MEA and the pressure (150–500 atm) were also performed. Activities of both supported and unsupported Pt and PtRu catalysts (Johnson Matthew) were compared in room temperature DMFC (RT-DMFC) using polarization curves. All MEAs prepared were also characterized by electr

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Roshandel, R., and B. Farhanieh. "The Effect of Variable Catalyst Loading in Electrodes on PEM Fuel Cell Performance." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74039.

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Catalyst layers are one the important parts of the PEM fuel cells as they are the main place for electrochemical reaction taking place in anode and cathode of the cells. The amount of catalyst loading of this layer has a large effect on PEM fuel cell performance. Non-uniformity of reactant concentration could lead to a variation of current density in anode and cathode catalyst layer. The main reason for this phenomenon is porosity variation due to two effects: 1. compression of electrode on the solid landing area and 2. Water produced at the cathode side of diffusion layer. In this study the e

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Najafabadi, Hamed Abedini, and Nesrin Ozalp. "Effect of Carbon Particle Seeding As Radiant Absorbent for Enhanced Heat Transfer." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3657.

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Abstract Carbon particles can be used as catalyst in solar reactors where they serve as radiant absorbent and nucleation sites for the heterogeneous decomposition reaction. Unlike commonly used metal catalysts, carbon catalyst does not have durability problem and high cost. However, in order to achieve sustainable catalytic decomposition of feedstock over carbon catalysts at elevated temperatures, the surface area of the carbon particles must be maintained. A subsequent treatment of deactivated carbon samples with CO2 at about 1000°C would increase the surface and would recover the original ac

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Velmurugan, Dhinesh, Tomas McKelvey, and Jan-Ola Olsson. "Evaluation of Electrically Heated Catalyst Control Strategies against a Variation of Cold Engine Start Driver Behaviour." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0544.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Catalyst Variation"

Badrinarayanan and Olsen. PR-179-11201-R01 Performance Evaluation of Multiple Oxidation Catalysts on a Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010772.

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Two-way catalysts or oxidation catalysts are the common after-treatment systems used on lean burn natural gas engines to reduce CO, VOCs and formaldehyde emissions. The study evaluates the performance of oxidation catalysts from commercial vendors for varying catalyst temperature and space velocity. For this study, a part of the exhaust from a Waukesha VGF-18 GL lean burn natural gas engine was flowed through a catalyst slipstream system to assess the performance of the oxidation catalysts. The slipstream is used to reduce the size of the catalysts and to allow precise control of temperature a

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Olsen. PR-179-10203-R01 Characterization of Oxidation Catalyst Performance - VOCs and Temperature Variation. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010753.

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Oxidation catalysts are typically specified to reduce carbon monoxide (CO), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) and/or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from lean-burn engines. The application of catalysts to HAPs and VOC destruction is more recent, so greater effort has been placed on optimizing for CO oxidation than HAPs or VOC oxidation. In general, the catalysts consist of a porous, high surface area -alumina carrier material on a ceramic (typically cordierite) or stainless steel substrate. Although the alumina has some effectiveness in oxidation at high temperature, its primary role here is t

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Tassitano, Jim, Daniel Olsen, Charles Mitchell, and Bryan Willson. GRI-03-0083 NO2 Emissions from 2SC Large Bore Natural Gas Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011537.

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NO2 emissions data from previous EECL projects on a large bore, slow speed, two-stroke lean burn engine is reanalyzed, looking at the effect of engine variables on the formation of NO2. Included are variations of operating conditions, fuel delivery, and ignition systems. By looking at the emission trends found in the data, techniques may be proposed for the reduction of NO2 emissions. An investigation into the effectiveness of catalysts on NO2 emissions is performed using data taken from previous testing on a medium bore, high speed, four-stroke lean burn engine. A summation of the current und

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Olsen. PR-179-07200-R01 Evaluation of NOx Sensors for Control of Aftertreatment Devices. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010985.

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Emissions reduction through exhaust aftertreatment is becoming more common. It is likely to play an important role in meeting new emissions regulations in the future. Currently, the predominate aftertreatment technology for NOX reduction in lean burn natural gas engines appears to be selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In SCR, a reducing agent is injected into the exhaust upstream of a catalyst. Supplying the optimal quantity of reagent is critical to effective application of SCR. If too little reagent is supplied then the NOx reduction efficiency may be too low. If too much reagent is provid

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Fontecave, Marc, and Candel Sébastien. Quelles perspectives énergétiques pour la biomasse ? Académie des sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62686/1.

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Le débat public concernant l’avenir du mix énergétique français à l’horizon 2050 a longtemps été réduit à la seule considération de son volet électrique, dans une opposition entre énergie nucléaire et énergies renouvelables (EnR). Pourtant, la part non-électrique de notre consommation énergétique constitue clairement aujourd’hui un des principaux défis de la transition climatique et énergétique. Actuellement issue du pétrole, du gaz et du charbon, elle constitue l’angle mort des divers scénarios énergétiques disponibles, alors qu’elle restera encore indispensable, notamment dans le secteur de

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Crowley, David E., Dror Minz, and Yitzhak Hadar. Shaping Plant Beneficial Rhizosphere Communities. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594387.bard.

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PGPR bacteria include taxonomically diverse bacterial species that function for improving plant mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and disease suppression. A number of PGPR are being developed and commercialized as soil and seed inoculants, but to date, their interactions with resident bacterial populations are still poorly understood, and-almost nothing is known about the effects of soil management practices on their population size and activities. To this end, the original objectives of this research project were: 1) To examine microbial community interactions with plant-growth-promoting r

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