Bibliographies thématiques / Causal fields

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Causal fields »

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Publié le 4 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Causal fields":

FABBRI, LUCA. « CAUSAL PROPAGATION FOR ELKO FIELDS ». Modern Physics Letters A 25, n^o 03 (30 janvier 2010) : 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310032408.

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We shall consider the general problem of causal propagation for spinor fields, focus attention in particular on the case constituted by ELKO fields and will show that the problem of causal propagation for ELKO fields is always solvable.

Holland, P. R. « Causal interpretation of Fermi fields ». Physics Letters A 128, n^o 1-2 (mars 1988) : 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(88)91033-x.

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Sverdlov, Roman. « Bosonic Fields in Causal Set Theory ». International Journal of Theoretical Physics 60, n^o 4 (31 mars 2021) : 1481–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-021-04772-6.

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Ambjorn, Jan, Zbigniew Drogosz, Jakub Gizbert-Studnicki, Andrzej Görlich, Jerzy Jurkiewicz et Dániel Németh. « Scalar fields in causal dynamical triangulations ». Classical and Quantum Gravity 38, n^o 19 (16 septembre 2021) : 195030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ac2135.

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Pham, Viet Son. « Lévy-driven causal CARMA random fields ». Stochastic Processes and their Applications 130, n^o 12 (décembre 2020) : 7547–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spa.2020.08.006.

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Pinotsis, D. A., R. J. Moran et K. J. Friston. « Dynamic causal modeling with neural fields ». NeuroImage 59, n^o 2 (janvier 2012) : 1261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.020.

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Fabbri, L. « Errata : "CAUSAL PROPAGATION FOR ELKO FIELDS" ». Modern Physics Letters A 25, n^o 15 (20 mai 2010) : 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310033463.

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Bergqvist, Göran, et José M. M. Senovilla. « On the causal propagation of fields ». Classical and Quantum Gravity 16, n^o 10 (27 août 1999) : L55—L61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/16/10/101.

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Yousefi, S., et N. Kehtarnavaz. « Generating symmetric causal Markov random fields ». Electronics Letters 47, n^o 22 (2011) : 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2011.1364.

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Dappiaggi, Claudio, et Felix Finster. « Linearized fields for causal variational principles : existence theory and causal structure ». Methods and Applications of Analysis 27, n^o 1 (2020) : 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/maa.2020.v27.n1.a1.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Causal fields":

Johnston, Steven Paul. « Quantum fields on causal sets ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526363.

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Sprickerhof, Jakob. « Causal structures in quantum field theory ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10658/.

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In this dissertation, I will argue that quantum field theory can be interpreted as a description of causal interactions. I will first discuss previous theories of physical causation, and come to the conclusion that they are inapplicable in quantum field theory. As a consequence, I will start to develop a new theory of causation by first analysing the concept ‘causation’ into the most basic and widely shared intuitions, in order to find out later whether these intuitions can be reduced to physics. I will then have a closer look on the intuition that causation is a directed relation, which is commonly regarded as incompatible with the symmetries of physics. I will present a new argument to the effect that causation and quantum field theory are compatible with respect to the directionality of causation. After that, I will analyse the theoretical description of interactions in quantum field theory, and in particular group structure, locality and local conservation laws will crystallise as the central concepts that a causal interpretation might be based on. Subsequently, I will discuss and present replies to what I believe are the most relevant objections to a causal interpretation of physics, namely, Haag’s theorem, the measurement problem and entanglement. In the final chapter of this dissertation, I will conjoin the results of the previous chapters to a new theory of causation for quantum field theory. The main result will be that a causal process is a quantum field theoretical interaction, i.e., the exchange of energy from an initial to a final state via a force.

Tlas, Tamer. « A causal Spinfoam and new Group Field Theories ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612457.

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Dang, Nguyen Viet. « Renormalization of quantum field theory on curved space-times, a causal approach ». Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077188.

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Le sujet de la thèse est la construction d'une théorie perturbative des champs quantiques en interaction sur un espace-temps courbe, suivant un point de vue conçu par Stueckelberg et Bogoliubov et developpé par Epstein-Glaser sur l'espace de Minkowski plat. En 2000 un progrès important fut réalisé par Brunetti et Fredenhagen qui réussirent à étendre la théorie d'Epstein-Glaser en exploitant le point de vue développé par Radzikowski pour definir les états quantiques sur un espace-temps courbe en terme d'ensembles de front d'onde. Ces résultats furent ultérieurement généralisés par Fredenhagen, Brunetti, Hollands, Wald, Rejzner, etc. Aux théories de Yang-Mills et de la gravitation. Cependant, même pour des théories sans invariance de jauge, de nombreux détails mathématiques sont restés inexplorés et parfois sans vérification. Dans cette thèse, on construit d'une façon totalement rigoureuse cette théorie dans le cas des champs sans invariance de jauge. Dans mon travail, j' ai revisité complètement cette théorie, résolvant au passage plusieurs questions laissées en suspens, incorporant de nombreux résultats nouveaux autour de ce programme et, le cas échéant, apportant des détails beaucoup plus précis sur les contre-termes dans le processus de renormalisation, une compréhension plus approfondie des ambiguïtés et une description géométrique des ensembles de front d'onde. L'ensemble de la thèse utilise un large éventail de techniques mathématiques : de la géométrie différentielle et pseudo riemannienne, des techniques d'analyse micro-locale et de géométrie symplectique pour les fronts d'onde, de l'analyse fonctionnelle, des résultats fins de la théorie des distributions
The subject of the thesis is the construction of a perturbative quantum theory of interacting fields on a curved space-time, following a point of view pioneered by Stueckelberg and Bogoliubov and developed by Epstein-Glaser on the flat Minkowski space-time. In 2000 a breakthrough was done by Brunetti and Fredenhagen who were able to extend the Epstein-Glaser theory by exploiting the point of view developed by Radzikowski to define quantum states on a curved space-time in terms of wave-front sets. These results were further extended by Fredenhagen, Brunetti, Hollands, Wald, Rejzner, etc. To Yang-Mills fields and the gravitation. However, even for theories without gauge invariance, many mathematical details were left unexplored and unquestioned. The task of Viet was precisely to derive fully rigorously this theory in the case there is no gauge invariance. In my work, I propose a complete review of the result, solving numerous questions, adding many new results around this program and, eventually, giving more precise details on the counterterms and ambiguities in the renormalization process, and a deeper understanding of the geometry of the wave front set of the n-point functions. All this thesis uses various mathematical techniques: differential and pseudo Riemannian geometry, microlocal analysis and the symplectic geometry of wavefront sets, functional analysis, fine results from the theory of distributions, Hopf algebras, etc

Djapic, Lilijana. « Determination of residual stress fields caused by shot peening ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338587.

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Ibnouhsein, Mohamed Issam. « Quantum correlations and causal structures ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112426/document.

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Les travaux récents en fondements de la théorie quantique (des champs) et en information quantique relativiste tentent de mieux comprendre les effets des contraintes de causalité imposées aux opérations physiques sur la structure des corrélations quantiques. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse est consacré à l'étude des implications conceptuelles de la non-localité quantique, notion qui englobe celle d'intrication dans un sens précis. Nous détaillons comment les récentes approches informationnelles tentent de saisir la structure des corrélations non-locales, ainsi que les questions que ces dernières soulèvent concernant la capacité d'un observateur localisé à isoler un système de son environnement. Le second chapitre détaille les effets de l'invariance de Poincaré sur la détection et la quantification de l'intrication. Cette invariance impose que tous les systèmes soient modélisés en dernière instance dans le cadre de la théorie des champs, ce qui implique qu'aucun système à énergie finie ne puisse être localisé, ainsi que la divergence de toute mesure d'intrication pour des observateurs localisés. Nous fournissons une solution à ces deux problèmes en démontrant l'équivalence générique qui existe entre une résolution spatiale finie des appareils de mesure et l'exclusion des degrés de liberté de haute énergie de la définition du système observé. Cette équivalence permet une interprétation épistémique du formalisme quantique standard décrivant les systèmes localisés non-relativistes et leurs corrélations, clarifiant ainsi l'origine des mesures finies d'intrication pour de tels systèmes. Le dernier chapitre explore un cadre théorique récemment introduit qui prédit l'existence de corrélations quantiques sans ordre causal défini. Procédant par analogie avec le cas des corrélations non-locales, nous présentons quelques principes informationnels contraignant la structure de ces corrélations dans le but de mieux en comprendre l'origine physique
Recent works in foundations of quantum (field) theory and relativistic quantum information try to better grasp the interplay between the structure of quantum correlations and the constraints imposed by causality on physical operations. Chapter 1 is dedicated to the study of the conceptual implications of quantum nonlocality, a concept that subsumes that of entanglement in a certain way. We detail the recent information-theoretic approaches to understanding the structure of nonlocal correlations, and the issues the latter raise concerning the ability of local observers to isolate a system from its environment. Chapter 2 reviews in what sense imposing Poincaré invariance affects entanglement detection and quantification procedures. This invariance ultimately forces a description of all quantum systems within the framework of quantum field theory, which leads to the impossibility of localized finite-energy states and to the divergence of all entanglement measures for local observers. We provide a solution to these two problems by showing that there exists a generic equivalence between a finite spatial resolution of the measurement apparatus and the exclusion of high-energy degrees of freedom from the definition of the observed system. This equivalence allows for an epistemic interpretation of the standard quantum formalism describing nonrelativistic localized systems and their correlations, hence a clarification of the origin of the finite measures of entanglement between such systems. Chapter 3 presents a recent theoretical framework that predicts the existence of correlations with indefinite causal order. In analogy to the information-theoretic approaches to nonlocal correlations, we introduce some principles that constrain the structure of such correlations, which is a first step toward a clear understanding of their physical origin

OLIVERO, CARLOTTA. « Defining the causal association between human beta papillomavirus infection, keratinocyte stem cells expansion and skin cancer development ». Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/87003.

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I papillomavirus umani (HPV) sono piccoli virus nudi contenenti un genoma a doppia elica di DNA circolare di 8 kb che infettano gli epiteli squamosi stratificati cutanei e mucosali di differenti distretti corporei. Gli HPV possono stabilire infezioni latenti in individui sani, ma inducono anche lesioni neoplastiche benigne o maligne in base alle proprietà oncogene specifiche dei differenti genotipi. Fino ad oggi sono stati identificati più di 180 genotipi differenti di HPV che sono stati classificati in 5 generi sulla base dell’analisi filogenetica. Il genere Alpha (α-HPV) è il più caratterizzato e comprende i genotipi a tropismo mucosale associati all’ insorgenza di carcinoma a livello genitale (ad esempio HPV16 e 18). Gli HPV appartenenti al genere β (β-HPV) sono evoluzionisticamente distinti dal genere α e causano infezioni inapparenti o asintomatiche molto diffuse nella popolazione generale. Nei pazienti affetti da epidermodisplasia verruciforme (EV), una immunodeficienza primaria caratterizzata da un’alta suscettibilità all’infezione da β-HPV, questi virus replicano con alta efficienza, sviluppano il loro pieno potenziale trasformante, inducendo numerose lesioni simil verrucose con alto rischio di progressione a carcinoma cutaneo. Sebbene il loro coinvolgimento nel processo di carcinogenesi cutanea in pazienti immunocompetenti e immunosoppressi non-EV (con immunosoppressione primaria o acquisita) è ancora materia di dibattito, numerose evidenze epidemiologiche e sperimentali suggeriscono un ruolo carcinogenico di questi virus che inizia nelle fasi precoci e contribuisce alla patogenesi del carcinoma cutaneo. Il nostro gruppo ha dimostrato precedentemente la presenza di prodotti dei geni virali e l’amplificazione del genoma virale in lesioni cutanee precancerose derivate da pazienti trapiantati d’organo (OTR, Organ Transplant Recipient). Questi risultati rafforzano l’evidenza di un coinvolgimento dei β-HPVs nella patogenesi del carcinoma cutaneo. Sulla base dei dati già acquisiti, abbiamo studiato i meccanismi molecolari alla base dell’induzione del carcinoma cutaneo indotto da β-HPV in pazienti immunocompromessi attraverso differenti approcci, quali il modello di topo transgenico HPV8 e il saggio di tumorigenicita’ in vivo di tumori derivati da OTR. Pe capire il ruolo di β-HPV nello sviluppo del carcinoma cutaneo, è importante conoscere dove questo virus naturalmente si localizza. L’ipotesi attuale è che il reservoir di β-HPV risieda in cellule staminali con ciclo cellulare rallentato presenti nel follicolo pilifero (HF-KSC); tuttavia, la precisa popolazione di HF-KSC coinvolta nell’infezione latente di β-HPV è ancora sconosciuta. Per determinare il ruolo delle HF-KSC nel carcinoma cutaneo indotto da β-HPV, abbiamo utilizzato un modello di topo transgenico nel quale il promotore della cheratina 14 guida l’espressione della regione precoce di HPV8 (HPV8tg). I topi HPV8tg presentano uno spessore della cute piu’ ampio rispetto ai topi wild type e mostrano una cute iperproliferante. La proliferazione dei cheratinociti del follicolo pilifero è evidente nella popolazione di cellule staminali Lrig1+ (69 vs 55%, p<001, n=6), ma non lo è nelle popolazioni CD34+, LGR5+ e LGR6+. Questo è in linea con l’osservazione dell’espanzione dei cheratinociti Lrig1+ di 2,8 volte e dell’efficienza di formare colonie di 3.8 volte. In accordo con questi risultati, abbiamo osservato l’espressione nucleare di p63 in questa popolazione, nell’infindibulum e nella cute interfollicolare fiancheggiante, associata a un cambiamento di espressione tra la forma TA di p63 in ΔNp63 nella cute dei topi HPV8tg. Le cheratosi dei pazienti EV e alcune cheratosi attiniche (AK) di pazienti non EV mostrano un istologia simile associata alla riattivazione di β-HPV e all’espressione nucleare di p63 nell’ infindibulum e nella cute perifollicolare. Questi dati suggeriscono che il campo di cancerizzazione indotto da β-HPV inizia dalla “junctional zone” e predispone al carcinoma cutaneo.. Inoltre abbiamo realizzato un modello umanizzato di xenotrapianto ortotopico utilizzando tumori cutanei derivati da OTR. Questa tecnica permette di aumentare la disponibilità dei tumori cutanei – che è una delle limitazioni nell’ambito della ricerca sui tumori cutanei-, analizzare in dettaglio i meccanismi molecolari coinvolti nella tumorigenesi e identificare l’infezione e l’espressione di β-HPV in queste lesioni. Inoltre, questa tecnica permette di studiare la progressione della malattia da una situazione pre-cancerosa a una cancerosa, ad esempio da AK a SCC come riportato in questa tesi, che non può essere studiato a livello umano per la naturale necessità di rimuovere la lesione prima dell’evoluzione maligna. In questo contesto, rimane da stabilire se l’immunosoppressione faciliti la carcinogenesi anche attraverso la riduzione dell’immunosorveglianza. Per verificare questa ipotesi e generare un modello murino che ricapitolasse gli eventi che si verificano nei pazienti trapiantati, abbiamo incrociato i topi transgenici HPV8 (background genetico FVB/N) con i topi deficienti per il gene RAG2 (background genetico C57BL/6), che non producono cellule B e T. I risultati ottenuti fino ad ora con la generazione F2 indicano che l’immunosoppressione facilita la carcinogenesi anche inibendo l’immunosorveglianza del tumore, come dimostrato dai dati ottenuti; infatti,il numero di tumori cutanei nella cute dei topi HPV8+:Rag2-/- e il loro grado di displasia è risultato significativamente maggiore rispetto ai topi HPV8+:Rag2+/+. Nell'insieme, i risultati ottenuti in questo studio contribuiscono a chiarire la storia naturale dell’infezione da β-HPV e rafforzano l’ipotesi di un ruolo di questi virus nello sviluppo del tumore cutaneo.

Yoboue, Tchindji Houphouët Félix. « Le viol comme arme de guerre en Côte d'Ivoire (1999-2010) : champs de causalité entre brisures, savoirs contaminés et vérités en ruines. Le plain-chant des narrations ethnophotographiques et du hors texte de 13 survivantes du peuple guéré à DUEKOUÉ en contre-configuration ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0276.

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Les récits de treize survivantes de viols subis à Duékoué, ville carrefour située à l’ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire, lors du coup d'État manqué du 19 Septembre 2002 jusqu’à la crise postélectorale de 2010, constituent la matrice narrative de cette thèse. Ces 13 femmes sont des survivantes, avec la sidération, l’angoisse, le désespoir des survivantes. Où trouver encore du sens quand on a vécu ce qu’elles ont vécu et vivent encore dix ans après ? En effet, les survivantes continuent de vivre un enfer permanent, victimes de formes lentes de violence invisibles, une forme subtile d’assassinat social par la mise à l’écart brutale de la famille et de la communauté, par la forme à dominante patriarcale et occidentale d’une réparation irrespectueuse ; des conséquences collatérales peu ou pas documentées voire déniées. Cette thèse tente de proposer des réponses à trois questions essentielles. Comment faire avancer une recherche formellement plus complexe que d’autres, avec une réflexion sur les tensions de l‘histoire ivoirienne, les récits des survivantes, le récit du chercheur-baoulé-survivant et des propositions esthétiques pour l’écrire ? Comment écrire scientifiquement sur la vulnérabilité, la détresse et la souffrance et rester à distance ? Comment restituer le chant des acteurs-témoins dans l’expression d’origine, de ces « vies minuscules », avec la parole hachée, balbutiante, et le faire dialoguer avec la parole, vigoureuse et affirmée, d’un chercheur qui découvre en fait lors d’une journée particulière qu’il est en quête de sa propre parole, celle d’un survivant, enfouie dans une gangue cadenassée. Il fallait pouvoir rendre l’adhésion du chercheur baoulé à sa propre parole et dans sa foi en les capacités du langage à atteindre l’intouchable et l’invisible, un monde perdu, le passé lui-même. Il fallait tenter de multiplier les détours narratifs et les pistes formelles, et prendre le risque de rejeter certains codes universitaires narratifs pour rendre palpable, en transformant une matière difficilement maniable et hautement inflammable, cette violence vécue par les survivantes dont Michel Foucault dit : « que le plus dangereux dans la violence est sa rationalité ». C’est aussi pour cette raison, pour faire ressentir plus particulièrement les ondes lointaines de cette souffrance exprimée et la certitude que nous passons souvent à côté, que le choix des narrations photoethnographiques s’est imposé. Pour confronter chacun des lecteurs à sa propre relation à l’image et d’une manière plus subtile aux récits des survivantes. Ce qui amène ensuite à réfléchir sur l’énigme des apparences. « Lire ce qui n’a jamais été écrit ». Pour dire la violence dans sa vérité, seule une anthropologie de l’attention qui entrerait en résonance avec ce qu’Édouard Glissant nomme « les profonds », désignant ainsi « ce qu’il y a réellement, concrètement, en dessous de l’apparence », permet de ressusciter la dignité de vie des survivantes et rendre légitime l’écriture d’un chercheur engagé
The accounts of thirteen survivors of rapes suffered in Duékoué, a crossroads city located in the west of Côte d'Ivoire, during the failed coup d'état of September 19, 2002 until the postelectoral crisis of 2010, constitute the narrative matrix of this thesis. These 13 women are survivors, with the astonishment, the anguish, the despair of the survivors. Where can we still find meaning when we have lived what they have lived and are still living ten years later? Indeed, the survivors continue to live in a permanent hell, victims of slow forms of invisible violence, a subtle form of social assassination through the brutal exclusion from family and community, through the predominantly patriarchal and of a disrespectful reparation; collateral consequences little or not documented or even denied. This thesis tries to propose answers to three essential questions. How to advance a research that is formally more complex than others, with a reflection on the tensions of Ivorian history, the stories of the survivors, the story of the researcher-baoulé-survivor and aesthetic proposals for writing it? How to write scientifically about vulnerability, distress and suffering and stay at a distance? How to restore the song of the actor-witnesses in the original expression, of these "tiny lives", with the choppy, stammering speech, and make it dialogue with the vigorous and assertive speech of a researcher who actually discovers during a particular day that he is in search of his own word, that of a survivor, buried in a padlocked gangue. It was necessary to be able to render the adhesion of the baoulé researcher to his own word and in his faith in the capacities of language to reach the untouchable and the invisible, a lost world, the past itself. It was necessary to try to multiply the narrative detours and the formal tracks, and to take the risk of rejecting certain narrative university codes in order to make palpable, by transforming a material that is difficult to handle and highly flammable, this violence experienced by the survivors of whom Michel Foucault says: "that what is most dangerous in violence is its rationality”. It is also for this reason, to make the distant waves of this suffering expressed more particularly felt and the certainty that we often overlook, that the choice of photoethnographic narrations was imposed. To confront each of the readers with their own relationship to the image and, in a more subtle way, to the stories of the survivors. Which then leads us to reflect on the enigma of appearances. “Read what has never been written”. To see violence in its truth, only an anthropology of attention that would resonate with what Edouard Glissant calls "the deep", thus designating "what there is really, concretely, below the appearance », making it possible to resuscitate the dignity of life of the survivors and to legitimize the writing of a committed researcher

Siegel, Thomas A. « Magnetic fields of an underground coaxial cable caused by return currents in the earth ». Ohio : Ohio University, 1989. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182517321.

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Watkins, Gavin Hughes. « Field and experimental investigations of ovine mastitis caused by Pasteurella Haemolytica ». Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522804.

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Livres sur le sujet "Causal fields":

Scharf, G. Finite quantum electrodynamics : The causal approach. 2^e éd. Berlin : Springer, 1995.

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Felipe, Gilbert Mireles. Continuing la causa : Organizing labor in California's strawberry fields. Boulder : FirstForumPress, A Division of Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2013.

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Baumgärtel, Hellmut. Causal nets of operator algebras : Mathematical aspects of algebraic quantum field theory. Berlin : Akademie Verlag, 1992.

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Maloney, Michael. Death scenes : An investigator's field guide. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2012.

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Mazo, Aleksandr, et Konstantin Potashev. The superelements. Modeling of oil fields development. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043236.

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This monograph presents the basics of super-element modeling method of two-phase fluid flows occurring during the development of oil reservoir. The simulation is performed in two stages to reduce the spatial and temporal scales of the studied processes. In the first stage of modeling of development of oil deposits built long-term (for decades) the model of the global dynamics of the flooding on the super-element computational grid with a step equal to the average distance between wells (200-500 m). Local filtration flow, caused by the action of geological and technical methods of stimulation, are modeled in the second stage using a special mathematical models using computational grids with high resolution detail for the space of from 0.1 to 10 m and time — from 102 to 105 C. The results of application of the presented models to the solution of practical tasks of development of oil reservoir. Special attention is paid to the issue of value transfer in filtration-capacitive properties of the reservoir, with a detailed grid of the geological model on the larger grid reservoir models. Designed for professionals in the field of mathematical and numerical modeling of fluid flows occurring during the development of oil fields and using traditional commercial software packages, as well as developing their own software. May be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying in areas such as "Mechanics and mathematical modeling", "Applied mathematics", "Oil and gas".

Wagner, Scott. Death scene investigations : A field guide. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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Lipich, Tamara, et Eduard Lykov. Analysis of police practices in the field of combating crime. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1913533.

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The monograph is an original work devoted to the philosophical and legal analysis of police practices within the boundaries of European culture, as well as the analysis of police practices in the field of youth crime. This topic is especially relevant in connection with the ongoing discussions in society on such problems as the problems of power and force, the use of violence. The authors identify the cultural and historical identification of the phenomenon of the police, give a philosophical and anthropological analysis of the specifics of police practices in European culture against the background of law enforcement by the police. The phenomenon of sovereignty and the correlation of police and political is analyzed, which is especially important in modern conditions. The analysis of police practices in the field of youth crime is carried out, where the causes and features of youth crime and juvenile delinquency are identified. Of particular interest is the analysis of prevention and ways of countering juvenile delinquency and youth crime. For students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools and faculties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in combating crime.

Hitchcock, Christopher. Causal Modelling. Sous la direction de Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock et Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0015.

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‘Causal modelling’ is a general term that applies to a wide variety of formal methods for representing, and facilitating inferences about, causal relationships. The end of the twentieth century saw an explosion of work on causal modelling, with contributions from such fields as statistics, computer science, and philosophy; as well as from more subject-specific disciplines such as econometrics and epidemiology. This article focuses on two programmes that have attracted considerable philosophical attention, one due to the computer scientist Judea Pearl and his collaborators, and the other to the philosophers Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines. It offers a much simplified presentation of causal models that emphasizes various points of philosophical interest.

Waldmann, Michael R., dir. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.001.0001.

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Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Without our ability to discover and empirically test causal theories, we would not have made progress in various empirical sciences. In the past decades, the important role of causal knowledge has been discovered in many areas of cognitive psychology. Despite the ubiquity of causal reasoning, textbooks of cognitive psychology have neglected this growing field. The goal of The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning is to fill this gap. The handbook brings together the leading researchers in the field of causal reasoning and offers state-of-the-art presentations of theories and research. It provides introductions of competing theories of causal reasoning, and discusses its role in various cognitive functions and domains. The final section presents research from neighboring fields.

Hoefer, Carl. Causation in Spacetime Theories. Sous la direction de Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock et Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0035.

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Although Russell maintained that causation was not to be found in advanced physical theories (which is described in this article), even he would have admitted that, if one must talk of cause–effect relations between events, then spacetime theories may well place constraints on what sorts of causal relations may exist and how they may be arranged in time. They may also imply the possibility of surprising and unexpected causal relations, and even serious causal anomalies. This article looks at what the three most important spacetime theories imply about causation. It starts with a brief look at Newtonian physics, looks at how important changes are introduced by Special Relativity theory, and finally turns to the rich causal fields of General Relativity models.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Causal fields":

Won, Chee Sun, et Robert M. Gray. « Causal Markov Random Fields ». Dans Stochastic Image Processing, 67–97. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8857-7_3.

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Oughstun, K. E., et G. C. Sherman. « Evolution of the Precursor Fields ». Dans Electromagnetic Pulse Propagation in Causal Dielectrics, 250–315. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61227-5_7.

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Oughstun, K. E., et G. C. Sherman. « The Angular Spectrum Representation of Pulsed Electromagnetic Beam Fields ». Dans Electromagnetic Pulse Propagation in Causal Dielectrics, 105–56. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61227-5_4.

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Chen, Yunsong. « Toward a Dynamic Model : Habitus, Fields, and a Tale of Two Manchus ». Dans Causal Effects of Social Capital, 379–403. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5912-7_12.

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Lindeberg, Tony. « Separable Time-Causal and Time-Recursive Spatio-Temporal Receptive Fields ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 90–102. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18461-6_8.

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Loke, Andrew. « Arguments for the Causal Principle ». Dans The Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments Revisited, 71–139. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2_3.

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AbstractI develop an argument for the Causal Principle: If x begins uncaused, y would also begin uncaused, which is not the case; therefore, the antecedent is not the case, and reply to objections by Oppy, Almeida, Linford, and others. I refute the claim that x (the initial state of reality: ISOR) begins uncaused as brute fact, and I refute the claim that pre-existing abstract objects provide the required metaphysical grounding. I demonstrate that there isn’t any concrete object that can provide the required grounding because (i) there would not be any causally antecedent condition which would make it the case that x rather than y (e.g. electric fields increasing in strength; energy-conserving changes) begins uncaused, (ii) the properties of x and the properties of y which differentiate between them would be had by them only when they had already begun to exist, and (iii) the circumstance is compatible with the beginning of y. I also defended an alternative Modus Tollens argument which shows that if x (e.g. our spacetime block) begins uncaused, then some other possible spacetime blocks (e.g. y) would also begin uncaused initially and collide with ours, causing massive disruption, which is not the case; therefore, the antecedent is not the case.

Loke, Andrew. « Causation and Laws of Nature ». Dans The Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments Revisited, 37–70. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2_2.

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AbstractI define the key terms of the Causal Principle, namely ‘whatever’, ‘begins to exist’, and ‘cause’, and the related terms ‘time’, ‘eternal’, ‘event’, ‘change’, ‘perdurantism’, and ‘uncaused’. In particular, something has a beginning if it has a temporal extension, the extension is finite, and it has temporal edges/boundaries, that is, it does not have a static closed loop or a changeless/timeless phase that avoids an edge. This definition is compatible with both dynamic and static theories of time. While causal eliminativists and causal reductionists have claimed that causation has no basis in fundamental physics others have replied that fundamental physics does not provide a complete description of reality, and that it does not exclude causation and causal properties which operate at a more fundamental level as the ground of the regularities described by fundamental physics (Weaver, Fundamental Causation: Physics, Metaphysics, and the Deep Structure of the World. London: Routledge, 2019). Quantum physics has not shown that the Causal Principle is violated given that (1) quantum particles emerge from the quantum vacuum which is not non-being but something with vacuum fields, (2) radioactive disintegration of atomic nuclei exhibit statistical regularities that strongly indicate the existence of more fundamental ordered causes, and (3) many different interpretations of quantum physics exist, and some are perfectly deterministic.

Kuhlmann, Johanna, et Frank Nullmeier. « Conclusion and Outlook : Towards a Systematisation of the Mechanism-Based Approach in Social Policy Research ». Dans Global Dynamics of Social Policy, 433–57. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91088-4_14.

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AbstractThe concluding chapter takes stock of the complex causal mechanisms that were identified in the chapters of the edited volume and presents a structured compilation of complex causal mechanisms that might be a first step of a more encompassing research agenda on mechanism-based analysis in social policy. The compilation is based on a combination of actor-centred and theory-based clustering. It distinguishes general mechanisms, which can occur in all fields of social policy (or even beyond), and policy-specific mechanisms, which are linked to specific social policies. Finally, the chapter summarises key strengths of the mechanism-based approach in social policy research and outlines potential future research avenues.

Aria, Massimo, Corrado Cuccurullo et Agostino Gnasso. « Supporting decision-makers in healthcare domain. A comparative study of two interpretative proposals for Random Forests ». Dans Proceedings e report, 179–84. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.34.

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The growing success of Machine Learning (ML) is making significant improvements to predictive models, facilitating their integration in various application fields, especially the healthcare context. However, it still has limitations and drawbacks, such as the lack of interpretability which does not allow users to understand how certain decisions are made. This drawback is identified with the term "Black-Box", as well as models that do not allow to interpret the internal work of certain ML techniques, thus discouraging their use. In a highly regulated and risk-averse context such as healthcare, although "trust" is not synonymous with decision and adoption, trusting an ML model is essential for its adoption. Many clinicians and health researchers feel uncomfortable with black box ML models, even if they achieve high degrees of diagnostic or prognostic accuracy. Therefore more and more research is being conducted on the functioning of these models. Our study focuses on the Random Forest (RF) model. It is one of the most performing and used methodologies in the context of ML approaches, in all fields of research from hard sciences to humanities. In the health context and in the evaluation of health policies, their use is limited by the impossibility of obtaining an interpretation of the causal links between predictors and response. This explains why we need to develop new techniques, tools, and approaches for reconstructing the causal relationships and interactions between predictors and response used in a RF model. Our research aims to perform a machine learning experiment on several medical datasets through a comparison between two methodologies, which are inTrees and NodeHarvest. They are the main approaches in the rules extraction framework. The contribution of our study is to identify, among the approaches to rule extraction, the best proposal for suggesting the appropriate choice to decision-makers in the health domain.

Paugam, Frédéric. « Causal Perturbative Quantum Field Theory ». Dans Towards the Mathematics of Quantum Field Theory, 425–42. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04564-1_22.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Causal fields":

PLIMAK, L. I., W. P. SCHLEICH et S. STENHOLM. « CAUSAL SIGNAL TRANSMISSION BY INTERACTING QUANTUM FIELDS ». Dans Proceedings of the 9th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837271_0021.

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Sverdlov, Roman, et Luca Bombelli. « Introduction of bosonic fields into causal set theory ». Dans Workshop on Continuum and Lattice Approaches to Quantum Gravity. Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.079.0014.

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Krasnov, Andrey E. « Statistical causal description of space-time structure of quasi-coherent optical fields ». Dans Coherent Measuring and Data Processing Methods and Devices : Selected Papers, sous la direction de Valery I. Mandrosov. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.155073.

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Kayran, Ahmet H., Erdogan Camcioglu, Ender M. Eksioglu, A. Korhan Tanc et Serhat Seker. « Generalized 2D lattice structure for causal and noncausal modeling of random fields ». Dans 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937923.

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Henshaw, D. L. « Some electromagnetic field exposures can have a causal link with cancer and other illnesses ». Dans IEE Half-Day Colloquium on `Electro Magnetic Fields - Is the Force With You?'. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980225.

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Szucs, Aron. « Characterizing the Performance of Field Computation and System Analysis by Causal Correlation Fingerprinting for Digital Twins ». Dans 2023 24th International Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compumag56388.2023.10411778.

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Gendron, Gaël, Michael Witbrock et Gillian Dobbie. « Disentanglement of Latent Representations via Causal Interventions ». Dans Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/361.

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The process of generating data such as images is controlled by independent and unknown factors of variation. The retrieval of these variables has been studied extensively in the disentanglement, causal representation learning, and independent component analysis fields. Recently, approaches merging these domains together have shown great success. Instead of directly representing the factors of variation, the problem of disentanglement can be seen as finding the interventions on one image that yield a change to a single factor. Following this assumption, we introduce a new method for disentanglement inspired by causal dynamics that combines causality theory with vector-quantized variational autoencoders. Our model considers the quantized vectors as causal variables and links them in a causal graph. It performs causal interventions on the graph and generates atomic transitions affecting a unique factor of variation in the image. We also introduce a new task of action retrieval that consists of finding the action responsible for the transition between two images. We test our method on standard synthetic and real-world disentanglement datasets. We show that it can effectively disentangle the factors of variation and perform precise interventions on high-level semantic attributes of an image without affecting its quality, even with imbalanced data distributions.

Chikahara, Yoichi, et Akinori Fujino. « Causal Inference in Time Series via Supervised Learning ». Dans Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/282.

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Causal inference in time series is an important problem in many fields. Traditional methods use regression models for this problem. The inference accuracies of these methods depend greatly on whether or not the model can be well fitted to the data, and therefore we are required to select an appropriate regression model, which is difficult in practice. This paper proposes a supervised learning framework that utilizes a classifier instead of regression models. We present a feature representation that employs the distance between the conditional distributions given past variable values and show experimentally that the feature representation provides sufficiently different feature vectors for time series with different causal relationships. Furthermore, we extend our framework to multivariate time series and present experimental results where our method outperformed the model-based methods and the supervised learning method for i.i.d. data.

Tippmann, J. D., et F. Lanza di Scalea. « Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Wind Turbine Blades Using Coherent Guided Waves From Diffuse Fields ». Dans ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65044.

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Diffused acoustic fields exist during the operation in wind turbine blades because of consistent and stochastic loads and the aerodynamic noise generated from turbulent pressure fields. The Green’s function can be extracted from an ensemble average of the cross-correlations of signals recorded from two passive sensors within the diffused acoustic field. Here the wave fields reconstructed are multimodal and dispersive, which makes their extraction challenging. The causal and anti-causal Green’s function is estimated by taking the derivative of the ensemble average of cross correlation. This method was studied experimentally using a wind turbine test blade (CX-100) located at the UCSD’s Powell Structural Laboratories. A diffuse field was approximated by exciting the skin of the blade with a random signal at several locations using an electrodynamic shaker. The reconstructed Green’s function estimate is compared to experimentally measured impulse response functions. The use of various features of the reconstructed Green’s function for potential applications to structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades is discussed.

Stoller, Daniel, Mi Tian, Sebastian Ewert et Simon Dixon. « Seq-U-Net : A One-Dimensional Causal U-Net for Efficient Sequence Modelling ». Dans Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/400.

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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with dilated filters such as the Wavenet or the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) have shown good results in a variety of sequence modelling tasks. While their receptive field grows exponentially with the number of layers, computing the convolutions over very long sequences of features in each layer is time and memory-intensive, and prohibits the use of longer receptive fields in practice. To increase efficiency, we make use of the "slow feature" hypothesis stating that many features of interest are slowly varying over time. For this, we use a U-Net architecture that computes features at multiple time-scales and adapt it to our auto-regressive scenario by making convolutions causal. We apply our model ("Seq-U-Net") to a variety of tasks including language and audio generation. In comparison to TCN and Wavenet, our network consistently saves memory and computation time, with speed-ups for training and inference of over 4x in the audio generation experiment in particular, while achieving a comparable performance on real-world tasks.

Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Causal fields":

Wooldridge, Jeffrey. Causal Inference with Cross-Sectional Data. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/utpyiijdiwlgi469.

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This workshop covers the potential outcomes approach to identification and estimation of causal (or treatment) effects in several situations that arise in various empirical research fields. The settings include unconfounded treatment assignment (with randomized assignment as a special case), confounded assignment with instrumental variables, and regression discontinuity designs. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, the seminar offers 2 ECTS Equivalent point.

Wooldridge, Jeffrey. Causal Inference with Cross-Sectional Data. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/jfl18ze5ckjn0469.

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Ghirelli, Corinna, Enkelejda Havari, Elena Meroni et Stefano Verzillo. The long-term causal effects of winning an ERC grant. Madrid : Banco de España, mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/30089.

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This paper investigates the long-term causal effects of receiving an ERC grant on researcher productivity, excellence and the ability to obtain additional research funding up to nine years after grant assignment. We use data on the universe of ERC applicants between 2007 and 2013 and information on their complete publication histories from the Scopus database. For identification, we first exploit the assignment rule based on rankings, comparing the outcomes of the winning and non-winning applicants in a regression discontinuity design (RDD). We fail to find any statistically significant effect on research productivity and quality, which suggests that receiving an ERC grant does not make a difference in terms of scientific impact for researchers with a ranking position close to the threshold. Since RDDs help identify a local effect, we also conduct a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis using the time series of bibliometric indicators available, which allows us to estimate the effect on a wider population of winning and non-winning applicants. By contrast with the RDD results, DID estimates show that obtaining an ERC grant leads to positive long-term effects on scientific productivity, impact and the capacity to attract other EU funds in the fields of Chemistry, Universe and Earth Sciences, Institutions and Behaviours, Human Mind Studies and Medicine. Further analysis of heterogeneous effects leads us conclude that the positive results obtained with DID seem to be driven by the top-ranked applicants in these fields.

Hicks, Jacqueline. Defining and Measuring Diplomatic Influence. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.032.

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This review found no sources of straightforward indicators for use in measuring diplomatic influence. The literature and evaluations found to recommend the use of tailor-made evaluations to account for “differences in diplomatic settings, diplomatic activities and policy fields”. They hinge on developing a theory of change alongside questions and evaluation criteria that are context-specific. They rely on assessing intermediate goals as a ‘proxy’ for the immeasurable long-term influence, and causal contributions (contributed to a result) rather than causal attributions (caused a result). It was also frequently mentioned that programme designers tend to design programmes to support diplomatic influence without specific and measurable objectives because influencing processes are by nature non-linear. In these cases, evaluations will be correspondingly unable to provide specific and measurable indicators of achievement.

Dul, Jan. Introduction to Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) - Free Seminar. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/qj4feyumcjkfo469.

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Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) understands a cause as a necessary (but not sufficient) condition, rather than a probabilistic cause (as in regression analysis). “Necessary” means that an outcome will not occur without a certain level of the condition, independent of the rest of the causal structure (thus the condition can be a “bottleneck”, “critical factor”, “constraint”). NCA is rapidly entering a variety of research fields and can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination with other methods (e.g., multiple regression analysis, structural equation modeling, qualitative comparative analysis). This two-part seminar will introduce you to NCA and then demonstrate the use of R for conducting NCA analysis for your research. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. The seminar offers ECTS Equivalent points for European PhD students.

Dul, Jan. Introduction to Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) - Free Seminar. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/srmt9mchln046469.

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Cerulli, Giovanni. Estimating Dose-Response Functions in Stata. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/iiawi76rkf2fr469.

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This seminar equips researchers with the knowledge and skills to identify and estimate dose-response functions using Stata, offering an in-depth exploration of two prominent approaches for estimating dose-response functions: the Generalized Propensity Score (GPS) method and the Regression-adjustment-based Dose-Response Models (CTREAT). These methods are widely used in the field of causal inference with continuous treatment (or exposure) and have applications in various domains such as medicine, social sciences, and economics. The seminar includes practical exercises, a Q&A session, and post-seminar support, offering participants a deep understanding of dose-response functions and their application in various research fields. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided along with 1 ECTS equivalent points.

White, Howard. Explaining what works : using causal chain analysis in systematic reviewsExplaining what works : using causal chain analysis in systematic reviews. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb4.

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Systematic reviews summarise and synthesise the global evidence about an intervention. By incorporating causal chain analysis, a systematic review moves beyond the question of ‘does it work?’ to ‘why does it work, for whom, under what circumstances and at what cost?’. The CEDIL Methods Brief 4, ‘Using causal chain analysis in systematic reviews’, lays out what causal chain analysis is, the benefits of using it, and how to do so. The brief provides guidance on conducting a causal chain analysis by illustrating with an example of a systematic review on farmer field schools.

Nestleroth. PR-337-063508-R01 Dual Field Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Inspection Technology to Detect Mechanical Damage. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), mars 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010575.

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This report details the development and testing of a dual magnetization in-line inspection (ILI) tool for detecting mechanical damage in operating pipelines, including the first field trials of a fully operational dual-field magnetic flux leakage (MFL) ILI tool. Augmenting routine MFL corrosion inspection of pipelines using high magnetic fields, this in-line inspection technique detects and assesses mechanical damage using a second lower magnetic field. Nearly all commercially available MFL tools use high magnetic fields to detect and size metal loss such as corrosion. A lower field than commonly applied for detecting metal loss is appropriate for detecting mechanical damage, such as the metallurgical changes caused by impacts from excavation equipment. The lower field is needed to counter the saturation effect of the high magnetic field, which masks and diminishes important components of the signal associated with mechanical damage. At low fields, other properties such as pipeline chemical composition, grain structure, and fabrication methods can also be detected.

Busso, Matias, et Sebastian Galiani. The Causal Effect of Competition on Prices and Quality : Evidence from a Field Experiment. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, avril 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20054.

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