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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « ChArMEx project »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 22 juin 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "ChArMEx project"

Lambert, D., M. Mallet, V. Ducrocq, F. Dulac, F. Gheusi, and N. Kalthoff. "CORSiCA: a Mediterranean atmospheric and oceanographic observatory in Corsica within the framework of HyMeX and ChArMEx." Advances in Geosciences 26 (January 14, 2011): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-26-125-2011.

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Abstract. CORSiCA (Corsican Observatory for Research and Studies on Climate and Atmosphere-ocean environment) is a project for a multi-site instrumented platform located in Corsica. It is dedicated to oceanographic and atmospheric studies in the framework of the Mediterranean projects HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) and ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment). The observatory will provide the international scientific community with facilities for setting up a multiparametric observation platform in a region with little instrumentation at present. HyMeX and ChArMEx objectives and actions in Corsica are presented.

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Menut, L., G. Rea, S. Mailler, D. Khvorostyanov, and S. Turquety. "Aerosol forecast over the Mediterranean area during July 2013 (ADRIMED/CHARMEX)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 14 (2015): 7897–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7897-2015.

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Abstract. The ADRIMED (Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) project was dedicated to study the atmospheric composition during the summer 2013 in the European Mediterranean region. During its campaign experiment part, the WRF (Weather Research and Forecast Model) and CHIMERE models were used in the forecast mode in order to decide whether intensive observation periods should be triggered. Each day, a simulation of 4 days was performed, corresponding to (D-1) to (D+2) forecast leads. The goal of this study was to determine whether the model forecast spread is lower or greater than the model biases compared to observations. It is shown that the differences between observations and the model are always higher than those between the forecasts. Among all forcing types used in the chemistry-transport model, it is shown that the strong bias and other related low forecast scores are mainly due to the forecast accuracy of the wind speed, which is used both for the mineral dust emissions (a threshold process) and for the long-range transport of aerosol: the surface wind speed forecast spread can reach 50%, leading to mineral dust emission forecast spread of up to 30%. These variations are responsible for a moderate forecast spread of the surface PM10 (a few percentage points) and for a large spread (more than 50%) in the mineral dust concentration at higher altitudes, leading to a mean AOD (aerosol optical depth) forecast spread of ±10%.

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Menut, L., G. Réa, S. Mailler, D. Khvorostyanov, and S. Turquety. "Variability of aerosols forecast over the Mediterranean area during July 2013 (ADRIMED/CHARMEX)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 7 (2015): 10341–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-10341-2015.

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Abstract. The atmospheric composition was extensively studied in the Euro-Mediterranean region and during the summer 2013, in the framework of the ADRIMED project. During the campaign experiment, the WRF and CHIMERE models were used in forecast mode in order to help scientists to decide whether Intensive Observation Periods should be triggered or not. Each day, a simulation of four days is performed, corresponding to leads from (D−1) to (D+2). The goal of this study is to know the reason why the model does not always simulate in advance what is finally observed: is it due to systematic biases in the models used or to a too large variability due to the real non-linear nature of the meteorology and chemistry? To answer this question, the methodology is to compare the several modelled forecast leads to observations. It was shown that the differences between observations and model is always higher than between the forecast leads. If chemistry-transport model results are not close to the observations, this is mainly due to the model itself (including the meteorology) and its biases. But the forecast variability also acts a lot, mainly due to the modelled wind. This variable is at the origin of the mineral dust and sea salt emissions, as well as the long-range transport of these long-lived species: the wind bias combined to its variability is at the origin of the major part of the aerosols forecast errors.

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Jaidan, Nizar, Laaziz El Amraoui, Jean-Luc Attié, Philippe Ricaud, and François Dulac. "Future changes in surface ozone over the Mediterranean Basin in the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 13 (2018): 9351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9351-2018.

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Abstract. In the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr, last access: 22 June 2018) project, we study the evolution of surface ozone over the Mediterranean Basin (MB) with a focus on summertime over the time period 2000–2100, using the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) outputs from 13 models. We consider three different periods (2000, 2030 and 2100) and the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) to study the changes in the future ozone and its budget. We use a statistical approach to compare and discuss the results of the models. We discuss the behavior of the models that simulate the surface ozone over the MB. The shape of the annual cycle of surface ozone simulated by ACCMIP models is similar to the annual cycle of the ozone observations, but the model values are biased high. For the summer, we found that most of the models overestimate surface ozone compared to observations over the most recent period (1990–2010). Compared to the reference period (2000), we found a net decrease in the ensemble mean surface ozone over the MB in 2030 (2100) for three RCPs: −14 % (−38 %) for RCP2.6, −9 % (−24 %) for RCP4.5 and −10 % (−29 %) for RCP6.0. The surface ozone decrease over the MB for these scenarios is much more pronounced than the relative changes of the global tropospheric ozone burden. This is mainly due to the reduction in ozone precursors and to the nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2)-limited regime over the MB. For RCP8.5, the ensemble mean surface ozone is almost constant over the MB from 2000 to 2100. We show how the future climate change and in particular the increase in methane concentrations can offset the benefits from the reduction in emissions of ozone precursors over the MB.

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Zannoni, Nora, Valerie Gros, Roland Sarda Esteve, et al. "Summertime OH reactivity from a receptor coastal site in the Mediterranean Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 20 (2017): 12645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12645-2017.

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Abstract. Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity, the total loss frequency of the hydroxyl radical in ambient air, provides the total loading of OH reactants in air. We measured the total OH reactivity for the first time during summertime at a coastal receptor site located in the western Mediterranean Basin. Measurements were performed at a temporary field site located in the northern cape of Corsica (France), during summer 2013 for the project CARBOSOR (CARBOn within continental pollution plumes: SOurces and Reactivity)–ChArMEx (Chemistry and Aerosols Mediterranean Experiment). Here, we compare the measured total OH reactivity with the OH reactivity calculated from the measured reactive gases. The difference between these two parameters is termed missing OH reactivity, i.e., the fraction of OH reactivity not explained by the measured compounds. The total OH reactivity at the site varied between the instrumental LoD (limit of detection = 3 s−1) to a maximum of 17 ± 6 s−1 (35 % uncertainty) and was 5 ± 4 s−1 (1σ SD – standard deviation) on average. It varied with air temperature exhibiting a diurnal profile comparable to the reactivity calculated from the concentration of the biogenic volatile organic compounds measured at the site. For part of the campaign, 56 % of OH reactivity was unexplained by the measured OH reactants (missing reactivity). We suggest that oxidation products of biogenic gas precursors were among the contributors to missing OH reactivity.

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Brocchi, Vanessa, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Valéry Catoire, et al. "Intercontinental transport of biomass burning pollutants over the Mediterranean Basin during the summer 2014 ChArMEx-GLAM airborne campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 9 (2018): 6887–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6887-2018.

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Abstract. The Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean basin (GLAM) campaign was set up in August 2014, as part of the Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) project. This campaign aimed to study the chemical variability of gaseous pollutants and aerosols in the troposphere along a west–east transect above the Mediterranean Basin (MB). In the present work, we focus on two biomass burning events detected at 5.4 and 9.7 km altitude above sea level (a.s.l.) over Sardinia (from 39∘12′ N–9∘15′ E to 35∘35′ N–12∘35′ E and at 39∘30′ N–8∘25′ E, respectively). Concentration variations in trace gas carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and aerosols were measured thanks to the standard instruments on board the Falcon 20 aircraft operated by the Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE) and the Spectromètre InfraRouge In situ Toute Altitude (SPIRIT) developed by LPC2E. Twenty-day backward trajectories with Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) help to understand the transport processes and the origin of the emissions that contributed to this pollution detected above Sardinia. Biomass burning emissions came (i) on 10 August from the North American continent with air masses transported during 5 days before arriving over the MB, and (ii) on 6 August from Siberia, with air masses travelling during 12 days and enriched in fire emission products above Canada 5 days before arriving over the MB. In combination with the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) inventory and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite fire locations, FLEXPART reproduces well the contribution of those fires to CO and aerosols enhancements under adjustments of the injection height to 10 km in both cases and application of an amplification factor of 2 on CO GFAS emissions for the 10 August event. The chemistry transport model (CTM) MOCAGE is used as a complementary tool for the case of 6 August to confirm the origin of the emissions by tracing the CO global atmospheric composition reaching the MB. For this event, both models agree on the origin of air masses with CO concentrations simulated with MOCAGE lower than the observed ones, likely caused by the coarse model horizontal resolution that yields the dilution of the emissions and diffusion during transport. In combination with wind fields, the analysis of the transport of the air mass documented on 6 August suggests the subsidence of CO pollution from Siberia towards North America and then a transport to the MB via fast jet winds located at around 5.5 km in altitude. Finally, using the ratio ΔO3 ∕ ΔCO, the plume age can be estimated and the production of O3 during the transport of the air mass is studied using the MOCAGE model.

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Sicard, M., R. Barragan, C. Muñoz-Porcar, et al. "Contribution of EARLINET/ACTRIS to the summer 2013 Special Observing Period of the ChArMEx project: monitoring of a Saharan dust event over the western and central Mediterranean." International Journal of Remote Sensing 37, no. 19 (2016): 4698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1222102.

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Mallet, M., F. Dulac, P. Formenti, et al. "Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 14 (2015): 19615–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-19615-2015.

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Abstract. The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr) is a collaborative research program federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional chemistry-climate interactions. A special observing period (SOP-1a) including intensive airborne measurements was performed in the framework of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ADRIMED) project during the Mediterranean dry season over the western and central Mediterranean basins, with a focus on aerosol-radiation measurements and their modeling. The SOP-1a took place from 11 June to 5 July 2013. Airborne measurements were made by both the ATR-42 and F-20 French research aircraft operated from Sardinia (Italy) and instrumented for in situ and remote-sensing measurements, respectively, and by sounding and drifting balloons, launched in Minorca. The experimental set-up also involved several ground-based measurement sites on islands including two ground-based reference stations in Corsica and Lampedusa and secondary monitoring sites in Minorca and Sicily. Additional measurements including lidar profiling were also performed on alert during aircraft operations at EARLINET/ACTRIS stations at Granada and Barcelona in Spain, and in southern Italy. Remote sensing aerosol products from satellites (MSG/SEVIRI, MODIS) and from the AERONET/PHOTONS network were also used. Dedicated meso-scale and regional modelling experiments were performed in relation to this observational effort. We provide here an overview of the different surface and aircraft observations deployed during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED period and of associated modeling studies together with an analysis of the synoptic conditions that determined the aerosol emission and transport. Meteorological conditions observed during this campaign (moderate temperatures and southern flows) were not favorable to produce high level of atmospheric pollutants nor intense biomass burning events in the region. However, numerous mineral dust plumes were observed during the campaign with main sources located in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, leading to aerosol optical depth (AOD) values ranging between 0.2 to 0.6 (at 440 nm) over the western and central Mediterranean basins. Associated aerosol extinction values measured on-board the ATR-42 within the dust plume show local maxima reaching up to 150 Mm−1. Non negligible aerosol extinction (about 50 Mm−1) was also been observed within the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL). By combining ATR-42 extinction, absorption and scattering measurements, a complete optical closure has been made revealing excellent agreement with estimated optical properties. Associated calculations of the dust single scattering albedo (SSA) have been conducted, which show a moderate variability (from 0.90 to 1.00 at 530 nm). In parallel, active remote-sensing observations from the surface and onboard the F-20 aircraft suggest a complex vertical structure of particles and distinct aerosol layers with sea-salt and pollution located within the MBL, and mineral dust and/or aged north American smoke particles located above (up to 6–7 km in altitude). Aircraft and balloon-borne observations show particle size distributions characterized by large aerosols (> 10 μm in diameter) within dust plumes. In terms of shortwave (SW) direct forcing, in-situ surface and aircraft observations have been merged and used as inputs in 1-D radiative transfer codes for calculating the direct radiative forcing (DRF). Results show significant surface SW instantaneous forcing (up to −90 W m−2 at noon). Associated 3-D modeling studies from regional climate (RCM) and chemistry transport (CTM) models indicate a relatively good agreement for simulated AOD compared with measurements/observations from the AERONET/PHOTONS network and satellite data, especially for long-range dust transport. Calculations of the 3-D SW (clear-sky) surface DRF indicate an average of about −10 to −20 W m−2 (for the whole period) over the Mediterranean Sea together with maxima (−50 W m−2) over northern Africa. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) DRF is shown to be highly variable within the domain, due to moderate absorbing properties of dust and changes in the surface albedo. Indeed, 3-D simulations indicate negative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea and Europe and positive forcing over northern Africa.

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Mallet, M., F. Dulac, P. Formenti, et al. "Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 2 (2016): 455–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-455-2016.

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Abstract. The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr) is a collaborative research program federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional chemistry-climate interactions. A special observing period (SOP-1a) including intensive airborne measurements was performed in the framework of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region (ADRIMED) project during the Mediterranean dry season over the western and central Mediterranean basins, with a focus on aerosol-radiation measurements and their modeling. The SOP-1a took place from 11 June to 5 July 2013. Airborne measurements were made by both the ATR-42 and F-20 French research aircraft operated from Sardinia (Italy) and instrumented for in situ and remote-sensing measurements, respectively, and by sounding and drifting balloons, launched in Minorca. The experimental setup also involved several ground-based measurement sites on islands including two ground-based reference stations in Corsica and Lampedusa and secondary monitoring sites in Minorca and Sicily. Additional measurements including lidar profiling were also performed on alert during aircraft operations at EARLINET/ACTRIS stations at Granada and Barcelona in Spain, and in southern Italy. Remote-sensing aerosol products from satellites (MSG/SEVIRI, MODIS) and from the AERONET/PHOTONS network were also used. Dedicated meso-scale and regional modeling experiments were performed in relation to this observational effort. We provide here an overview of the different surface and aircraft observations deployed during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED period and of associated modeling studies together with an analysis of the synoptic conditions that determined the aerosol emission and transport. Meteorological conditions observed during this campaign (moderate temperatures and southern flows) were not favorable to producing high levels of atmospheric pollutants or intense biomass burning events in the region. However, numerous mineral dust plumes were observed during the campaign, with the main sources located in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, leading to aerosol optical depth (AOD) values ranging between 0.2 and 0.6 (at 440 nm) over the western and central Mediterranean basins. One important point of this experiment concerns the direct observations of aerosol extinction onboard the ATR-42, using the CAPS system, showing local maxima reaching up to 150 M m−1 within the dust plume. Non-negligible aerosol extinction (about 50 M m−1) has also been observed within the marine boundary layer (MBL). By combining the ATR-42 extinction coefficient observations with absorption and scattering measurements, we performed a complete optical closure revealing excellent agreement with estimated optical properties. This additional information on extinction properties has allowed calculation of the dust single scattering albedo (SSA) with a high level of confidence over the western Mediterranean. Our results show a moderate variability from 0.90 to 1.00 (at 530 nm) for all flights studied compared to that reported in the literature on this optical parameter. Our results underline also a relatively low difference in SSA with values derived near dust sources. In parallel, active remote-sensing observations from the surface and onboard the F-20 aircraft suggest a complex vertical structure of particles and distinct aerosol layers with sea spray and pollution located within the MBL, and mineral dust and/or aged North American smoke particles located above (up to 6–7 km in altitude). Aircraft and balloon-borne observations allow one to investigate the vertical structure of the aerosol size distribution showing particles characterized by a large size (> 10 µm in diameter) within dust plumes. In most of cases, a coarse mode characterized by an effective diameter ranging between 5 and 10 µm, has been detected above the MBL. In terms of shortwave (SW) direct forcing, in situ surface and aircraft observations have been merged and used as inputs in 1-D radiative transfer codes for calculating the aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF). Results show significant surface SW instantaneous forcing (up to −90 W m−2 at noon). Aircraft observations provide also original estimates of the vertical structure of SW and LW radiative heating revealing significant instantaneous values of about 5° K per day in the solar spectrum (for a solar angle of 30°) within the dust layer. Associated 3-D modeling studies from regional climate (RCM) and chemistry transport (CTM) models indicate a relatively good agreement for simulated AOD compared with observations from the AERONET/PHOTONS network and satellite data, especially for long-range dust transport. Calculations of the 3-D SW (clear-sky) surface DRF indicate an average of about −10 to −20 W m−2 (for the whole period) over the Mediterranean Sea together with maxima (−50 W m−2) over northern Africa. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) DRF is shown to be highly variable within the domain, due to moderate absorbing properties of dust and changes in the surface albedo. Indeed, 3-D simulations indicate negative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea and Europe and positive forcing over northern Africa. Finally, a multi-year simulation, performed for the 2003 to 2009 period and including an ocean–atmosphere (O–A) coupling, underlines the impact of the aerosol direct radiative forcing on the sea surface temperature, O–A fluxes and the hydrological cycle over the Mediterranean.

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Gheusi, François, Pierre Durand, Nicolas Verdier, et al. "Adapted ECC ozonesonde for long-duration flights aboard boundary-layer pressurised balloons." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 12 (2016): 5811–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5811-2016.

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Abstract. Since the 1970s, the French space agency CNES has developed boundary-layer pressurised balloons (BLPBs) with the capability to transport lightweight scientific payloads at isopycnic level and offer a quasi-Lagrangian sampling of the lower atmosphere over very long distances and durations (up to several weeks).Electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes are widely used under small sounding balloons. However, their autonomy is limited to a few hours owing to power consumption and electrolyte evaporation. An adaptation of the ECC sonde has been developed specifically for long-duration BLPB flights. Compared to conventional ECC sondes, the main feature is the possibility of programming periodic measurement sequences (with possible remote control during the flight). To increase the ozonesonde autonomy, the strategy has been adopted of short measurement sequences (2–3 min) regularly spaced in time (e.g. every 15 min). The rest of the time, the sonde pump is turned off. Results of preliminary ground-based tests are first presented. In particular, the sonde was able to provide correct ozone concentrations against a reference UV-absorption ozone analyser every 15 min for 4 days. Then we illustrate results from 16 BLBP flights launched over the western Mediterranean during three summer field campaigns of the ChArMEx project (http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr): TRAQA in 2012, and ADRIMED and SAFMED in 2013. BLPB drifting altitudes were in the range 0.25–3.2 km. The longest flight lasted more than 32 h and covered more than 1000 km. Satisfactory data were obtained when compared to independent ozone measurements close in space and time. The quasi-Lagrangian measurements allowed a first look at ozone diurnal evolution in the marine boundary layer as well as in the lower free troposphere. During some flight segments, there was indication of photochemical ozone production in the marine boundary layer or even in the free troposphere, at rates ranging from 1 to 2 ppbv h −1, which is slower than previously found in the boundary layer over land in the same region.

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Thèses sur le sujet "ChArMEx project"

Panopoulou, Anastasia. "VOC source apportionment and emission inventory evaluation over the great Athens, comparison with other cities of the Mediterranean basin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0024.

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Les COV (Composés Organiques Volatils) jouent un rôle majeur dans la problématique de pollution atmosphérique, puisqu’ils interviennent en tant que précurseurs des composés secondaires comme l’ozone troposphérique (O3) et l’Aérosols Organiques Secondaires (AOS) qui ont des impacts sur la santé et le climat. Afin de mettre en place des stratégies efficaces de réduction de la pollution de l’air, il est crucial de caractériser et quantifier la contribution des principales sources d’émission de COV.Le bassin méditerranéen constitue un environnement complexe, favorisant le développement des épisodes de pollution. Cependant, les mesures de COV dans les zones urbaines de la région restent limitées et les études existantes ont montré des incertitudes significatives quant à la contribution des différentes sources d’émission. Dans ce contexte, Athènes (Grèce) est un cas d’étude intéressant notamment pour les COV. Cette zone urbaine fait face à des dépassements des valeurs limites européennes en d’O3 et d’AOS ainsi qu’une augmentation des émissions de polluants pour des sources spécifiques (par exemple, le chauffage résidentiel au bois).Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l’étude des COV à Athènes, réalisée dans le cadre du projet international ChArMEX (The Chemistry – Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment). La méthodologie s’appuie sur une campagne de mesure de 17 mois (d’octobre 2015 à février 2017) sur un site représentatif proche du centre-ville, sur deux campagnes intensives d’un mois chacune réalisées à la même station ainsi que sur deux campagnes réalisées en champ proche des sources (en tunnel et en station trafic).Plus de 40 COV de 2 à 16 atomes de carbone (C2 à C16) ont été mesurés, permettant la caractérisation détaillée de leur variabilité temporelle et spatiale sur une base annuelle, suivie de la détermination des facteurs d’influence. Les COV de C2 à C3 étaient mesurés pour la première fois à Athènes. La comparaison aux autres études de COV en zones urbaines a mis en évidence la typologie des sources ainsi que l’importance de la pollution atmosphérique en hiver à Athènes. Concernant les monoterpènes et l’isoprène, composés en général d’origine biogénique, l’analyse a mis en évidence des sources anthropiques dans cette atmosphère urbaine, ce qui fournit des informations intéressantes pour l’évaluation de leur impact sur la qualité de l’air en tant que précurseurs des polluants secondaires. L’application du modèle orienté récepteur « Positive Matrix Factorization » (PMF) sur la base de données annuelles, a permis d’identifier et quantifier les contributions des principaux facteurs associés aux sources de COV. Les émissions liées au transport routier et au chauffage résidentiel ont été déterminées comme les sources de COV dominantes. Une seconde analyse PMF sur la base de donnes des campagnes intensives à d’une part corroboré les résultats et, d’autre part, a conduit à l’identification de sources supplément aires comme l’évaporation de carburants des points stationnaires<br>VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) are key constituents of atmospheric chemistry and pollution as precursors of harmful compounds like ground ozone and secondary organic aerosols, which in turn have a strong impact on local/regional air quality, climate, vegetation and human health. For that reason and in order to design and implement efficient air pollution control measures, there is a growing interest for their better characterization, as well as the identification, speciation and quantification of their respective sources.Mediterranean basin is a complex environment, favoring the development of severe air pollution events. Despite that, there is a lack of VOC studies in the urban areas of the region, while the existing ones have shown significant uncertainties associated with compounds speciation and the contribution from the different emission sources. Considering this, Athens (Greece) is the ideal place for VOC measurements due to the lack of reported levels for NMHCs the last 15 years, the continuous exceedances of O3 and aerosol concentrations and the increasing emissions from specific pollutant sources (e.g. wood burning for residential heating). In this work, we report the results of an 17-mounth field campaign for NMHCs in Athens (October 2015 – February 2017), under the frame of the international project ChArmEX (The Chemistry – Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment). This was supported by two one-month intensive observation periods (winter and summer) at the same station, and two additional near-source campaigns (tunnel and traffic station). More than 40 VOC with 2 to 16 carbon atoms have been measured giving for the first time a detailed characterization of their temporal and spatial variability on an annual basis, especially for C2 – C3 NMHCs, followed by the determination of its driving parameters. The comparison with other VOC studies in cities worldwide highlighted the role of sources to the observed levels, with significant air pollution for Athens in winter. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that monoterpenes and isoprene, known compounds of biogenic origin, presented a complex variability propably influenced by emissions other than biogenic. The latter provides interesting insights for the assessment of their impact on air quality, as precursors of secondary pollutants. Moreover, the application of the receptor-oriented model Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) allowed the identification of the main factors related to VOC sources and the quantification of their contribution. Traffic-related emissions and residential heating were determined as the major VOC sources in the city, whereas a second PMF simulation to the intensive observation period gave additional information about sources such as the fuel evaporation from stationary points

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Eazell, Diane Patricia. "Justification for a credit union to charter a bank." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1642.

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Mobarak, Barbara Ann. "The development of a computer literacy curriculum for California charter schools." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2683.

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To develop leaders for the 21st century, schools must be able to prepare students to meet the high academic, technical and workforce challenges. Charter schools are increasingly attempting to meet these challenges by educating students through innovative means and by creating effectual educational programs that are more conducive to the needs of the student. This document provides a computer literacy curriculum, which will facilitate student learning of computer literacy skills.

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Jacquin, Laure. "Doctrine et pratique de la restauration française à l’épreuve de la Charte de Venise : architectures contemporaines dans les monuments historiques, projets et enjeux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1180.

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Interrogeant les rapports entre création et restauration des Monuments historiques après la publication, en 1964, du texte de la Charte de Venise, le travail de recherche s’attache à en observer les conséquences sur la pratique en France. Il repose sur le postulat qu’un tournant est à l’œuvre dans les pratiques, les statuts et la formation des architectes en lien avec les questions patrimoniales. L’appropriation, revendiquée, d’un langage contemporain appuyée par les principes de la Charte de Venise, par des Architectes en Chef des Monuments Historiques (ACMH) après-guerre montre une volonté de lier création et restauration et de faire entrer cette dernière dans la sphère architecturale. Les polémiques suscitées par certaines interventions montrent un intérêt pour la fin de cette césure des pratiques. Cette réflexion se base sur l’étude de projets contemporains dans des monuments historiques pour lesquels les architectes revendiquent l’application des principes de la Charte de Venise. Ce texte théorique entre en conflit avec la doctrine française de la restauration stylistique alors en vigueur et sa diffusion par la pratique a suscité des polémiques. La première intervention étudiée, la restauration de l’ancienne abbatiale de Toussaint par Pierre Prunet, qui représente une première revendication de l’application des principes de la Charte et n’a pas engendré de polémique. Le second cas étudié est la restauration du château de Falaise de Bruno Decaris, avec ce projet éclate une première polémique, suivie de réformes ayant modifié le cadre des Monuments Historiques. Le troisième et dernier cas examiné est celui de la restauration des arènes de Fréjus de Francesco Flavigny, il illustre une étape récente de l’évolution de la situation dans ce domaine. L’étude se développe en trois volets complémentaires : Une histoire institutionnelle du service des monuments Historiques après 1960, les apports du texte de la Charte de Venise dans le contexte français ainsi que le déplacement des intérêts après les années 1980. Le second volet se concentre sur l’analyse architecturale des interventions à la fois dans le traitement de la matière existante et dans le traitement des compléments architecturaux à caractère contemporain. Enfin, le troisième volet s’attache à l’étude de la médiatisation, de la réception et des polémiques entourant ces interventions. Les divers milieux (revues spécialisées dans la restauration, revues d’architecture ou opinion publique) ayant pris part à la diffusion et à la réception des interventions informent sur les porosités à l’œuvre entre créateurs et conservateurs. Ce travail tente d’apporter des réponses aux questionnements qui animent aujourd’hui la pratique et l’enseignement de l’architecture concernant la formation, le statut, les compétences des architectes spécialisés ou non dans la restauration (en chef, du patrimoine, dplg, HMONP) et leurs méthodes d’intervention<br>Questioning the relationship between creation and restoration of historic monuments after the publication in 1964 of the text of the Charter of Venice, the research aims to observe the consequences on the practice in France. It is based on the premise that a turning point is at work in the practices, rules and the training of architects in relation to heritage issues. Ownership, claimed, a contemporary language supported by the principles of the Charter of Venice, by Chief Architects of Historical Monuments (ACMH) postwar shows a willingness to link creation and restoration and to bring it in the architectural sphere. The controversy aroused by certain actions show interest in the end of this caesura practices. This reflection is based on the study of contemporary projects in historic monuments for which architects claim the application of the principles of the Venice Charter. This theoretical text conflicts with the French doctrine of stylistic restoration in force and its dissemination through the practice has been controversial. The first studied intervention, restoration of the old abbey of Toussaint Pierre Prunet, which represents a first claim of the principles of the Charter and did not cause controversy. The second case study is the restoration of Falaise Castle Bruno Decaris with this project first broke a polemic, followed by reforms that changed the course of Historical Monuments. The third case examined is the restoration of Fréjus arenas Francesco Flavigny, it illustrates a next step in the evolution of the situation in this area. The study develops three complementary components: an institutional history of monuments Historic service after 1960, the contributions of the Venice Charter text in the French context and the movement of interest after the 1980. The second part focuses on architectural analysis of interventions in both the treatment of existing material and in the treatment of architectural additions to contemporary character. Finally, the third component focuses on the study of media coverage, reception and controversy surrounding these interventions. The various media who took part in the distribution and receipt of interventions inform the porosities at work between artists and curators. This work tries to provide answers to questions that drive today's practice and architectural education on training, status, skills, specialized or not in the restoration architects and their methods of intervention

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Young, Susan Amanda. "A faculty technology training program for the teachers of Washington Charter School." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1535.

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Regis, Shirley Ann. "Charles Brockden Brown's place within the gothic and the influence of early America's social issues on Brown's writing." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3193.

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The purpose of this thesis is to show that Charles Brockden Brown was influenced by the American Revolution and the incidents that come after it. It is suggested that Brown created a gothic fiction that was intended to be a critique on the American Revolution by using murder narrratives present during the time to create his characters. Gothic fiction consists of many elements such as setting arechetypal characters, terror, emotion, psychological turmoil and language use.

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Doucette, Wendy C. "Master Your Time and Project Management." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5368.

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Would you like to change the way you manage your time and your work with free, easy, non-technical methods? If your desktop is covered with icons, you have multiple flash drives, you never back up anything or you re-do work you're pretty sure you've already done because you can't find it or aren't sure which is the latest version, this is for you! The secret to never procrastinating again will also be revealed. Learning outcomes: Choose from three organizational systems to combat procrastination Utilize multiple, overnight, and cloud backups to safeguard your files Apply automation and synchronization to simplify your life

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Vytrhlík, Petr. "Využití nástrojů projektového managementu v praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316950.

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Diploma thesis focuses on the design of a project solution for the creation of internet shop for a selected company with using project management methods. The thesis describes the theoretical knowledge about project management and analyses the corporate environment, based on which is created a proposal for solution of a project for successful realization of the new e-shop.

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Toms, Grydon Arthur. "Legends of the shakeguts." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/844.

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Milhan, Trish. "Developing new approaches to Dickens' Great Expectations." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/707.

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Livres sur le sujet "ChArMEx project"

Simply charms: 20 beading projects. Lark Crafts, 2011.

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Bart, Verschaffel, Chevrier François, and Wispelaere Prudent de, eds. Charles Vandenhove, Prudent de Wispelaere: Projects 1995-2000 = projecten 1995-2000. NAi, 2000.

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Hallinger, Philip. Charter schools: Problem-Based Learning Project. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, University of Oregon, 1999.

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ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management., ed. Charter schools: Problem-Based Learning Project. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, University of Oregon, 1999.

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Projects, United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Office of Energy. Lake Charles Liquefaction Project: Draft environmental impact statement. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Energy Project, 2015.

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Health, Grantmakers in. Improving health access in communities: Lessons for effective grantmaking. Grantmakers in Health, 2005.

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1937-, Johnson Eugene J., ed. Charles Moore: Buildings and projects 1949-1986. Rizzoli, 1986.

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Gaines, Charles. Lurid stories: Charles Gaines : projects from 1995-2001. San Francisco Art Institute], 2001.

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Gaines, Charles. Lurid stories: Charles Gaines : projects from 1995-2001. San Francisco Art Institute], 2001.

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Bridier, Manuel. Les charges récurrentes: Calcul élargi à l'environnement des projets selon la méthode des effets. Club du Sahel, 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "ChArMEx project"

Cordell, Andrea, and Ian Thompson. "Project charter." In The Category Management Handbook. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351239585-2.

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Mucchetti, Mark. "Sample Project Charter." In BigQuery for Data Warehousing. Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6186-6_23.

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Kusay-Merkle, Ursula. "Die Project Charter – der Projektauftrag." In Agiles Projektmanagement im Berufsalltag. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56800-2_7.

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Kusay-Merkle, Ursula. "Die Project Charter – der Projektauftrag." In Agiles Projektmanagement im Berufsalltag. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62810-2_7.

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Jones, J. R. "The ‘Cabal’ and its Projects." In Charles II. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003403692-5.

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Goldsmith, Wendi, Donald Gray, and John McCullah. "Project #30: Charles River Watertown Arsenal." In Bioengineering Case Studies. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7996-3_31.

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Ibrahim, Jimoh, Christoph Loch, and Kishore Sengupta. "The Ajaokuta Steel Project." In How Megaprojects Are Damaging Nigeria and How to Fix It. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96474-0_11.

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AbstractThe Ajaokuta Steel Project has been a widely visible symbol of Nigerian industrialization through steel production for 50 years. At the writing of this book, at least $5 billion have been spent, and a workforce of 3000 people live and work on site to maintain it, but not one ton of steel has been produced.The project started as an ambitious industrialization project in 1971, awarded to a Soviet contractor. After delays from limited financial and manpower capacity, it was stopped by a new government in 1983 under corruption charges and lay fallow for 17 years. In 2000, civilian President Obasanjo restarted the project that he had initiated in 1971 as military president, now in a public–private partnership (PPP) scheme. But this again fell apart because of corruption charges and then lawsuits from the firm that had purchased the licence and did not want to be pushed out. Today, the government is looking for a new private partner. The case also discusses the fundamental question of whether the idea of industrialization through steel (rather than other technologies) is still sufficiently relevant to justify the reviving of equipment that was designed 40 years ago.

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Kühl, Stefan. "Der Charme und die Grenzen eines zweckrationalen Zugangs zum Projektmanagement." In Projekte führen. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13427-3_2.

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Blower, Jon D., Raquel Alegre, Victoria L. Bennett, et al. "Understanding Climate Data Through Commentary Metadata: The CHARMe Project." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08425-1_4.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "ChArMEx project"

Zhang, Jianyong, John Coulthard, R. Cheng, and R. P. Keech. "A Study of Electrostatic Charges on Pneumatically Conveyed Solids." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2048.

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Abstract Non-restrictive, electrostatic methods have been used for measuring solids concentration of pneumatically conveyed solids under ‘lean-phase’ conditions. The passive measurement is based on the phenomena that, during pneumatic transportation, the solids particles can become naturally charged due to particle-particle interaction, particle-pipe wall impact, friction between particles and the air stream etc. The charges can be measured and, under certain conditions, can be used as an indication of the level of solids concentration. This method has been observed experimentally [1], [2] [3] [4] [9] and confirmed on full-scale power plant by the authors [5]. Several attempts have been made to derive a theoretical relationship between the solids concentration and the resultant charge, for example Gajewski [3] and Masuda [6]. This paper further develops a relationship between the solids concentration and the charges carried by flowing solids particles after making certain limiting assumptions. The solids generate stochastic signals on the electrodes and this is expressed mathematically and related to the charge level. This theory is shortly to be tested on pneumatically conveyed solids as part of a European funded research project at Nottingham university and at Kingsnorth power station in the U.K. [7]. A method of measuring average particle size is also proposed using a combination of measuring techniques.

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Espach, Jonathan, and Michiel Bekker. "THE IMPACT OF THE RELATIONAL CHARTER ON THE PROJECT PRINCIPAL–AGENT RELATIONSHIP." In 10th IPMA Research conference: Value co-creation in the project society. International Project Management Association, Serbian Project Management Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56889/qoas9642.

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This paper aims to identify variables that define the agency relationship and the relational charter, and the likelihood of the relational charter affecting the agency relationship. However, the link between the two constructs remains unclear. The results from the literature identified the variables that define the agency relationship and the relational charter. Results from a survey of 93 South African project engineers and project managers to demonstrate the impact of the relational charter on the agency relationship. As opposed to literature this research found that the relational charter does not affect the agency relationship positively in all aspects. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to examine the influence of the relational charter on the agency relationship. This unique approach highlights the relational variables that influence agency variables, which should benefit both researchers and practitioners. The findings also revealed that most of the respondents lack an understanding of relational contracting. It is expected that the results of this study will provide project practitioners and other researchers with insight into the factors that impact the agency relationship and relational charter and suggest ways to improve the agency relationship.

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BESSONOV, E. G. "METHODS OF CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM COOLING." In Proceedings of the 51st Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307017_0055.

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Belozyorova, M., D. Maksimov, G. Razuvaev, et al. "COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT FOR THE SUPER-CHARM- TAU FACTORY DETECTOR PROJECT." In 9th International Conference "Distributed Computing and Grid Technologies in Science and Education". Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54546/mlit.2021.97.25.001.

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The project of the Super Charm-Tau (SCT) factory – a high-luminosity electron-positron collider forstudying charmed hadrons and tau lepton – is proposed by Budker INP. The project implies singlecollision point equipped with a universal particle detector. The Aurora software framework has beendeveloped for the SCT detector. It is based on trusted and widely used in high energy physics softwarepackages, such as Gaudi, Geant4, and ROOT. At the same time, new ideas and developments areemployed, in particular the Aurora project benefits a lot from the turnkey software for future colliders(Key4HEP) initiative. This paper describes the first release of the Aurora framework, summarizes itscore technologies, structure and roadmap for the near future. From the hardware point of view theBudker INP general computing facility (BINP/GCF) providing the required computational and storageresources is described.

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ADAMENKO, S. V., and V. I. VYSOTSKII. "SURFACE CHANNELING OF MAGNETIC-CHARGED PARTICLES ON MULTILAYER SURFACE." In Proceedings of the 51st Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307017_0022.

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KISHEK, R. A., G. BAI, S. BERNAL, et al. "SCALED MODELS: SPACE-CHARGE DOMINATED ELECTRON STORAGE RINGS." In Proceedings of the 46th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812772176_0010.

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VYSOTSKYY, M., and V. VYSOTSKII. "PARAMETRIC CHANNELING AND COLLAPSE OF CHARGED PARTICLES BEAMS IN CRYSTALS." In Proceedings of the 51st Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307017_0020.

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MALYSHEVSKY, V. S. "EFFECT OF HEAVY ION CHARGE FLUCTUATIONS ON CHERENKOV RADIATION." In Proceedings of the 51st Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307017_0052.

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ABRAHAMYAN, A. S., A. R. MKRTCHYAN, and R. B. KOSTANYAN. "THE ACCELERATION OF THE CHARGED PARTICLES IN A LOW TEMPERATURE ACOUSTOPLASMA." In Proceedings of the 51st Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307017_0048.

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Mckinnon, David. "The Charles Sturt University Remote Telescope Project." In Robotic Telescopes, Student Research and Education. Our Solar Siblings, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32374/rtsre.2017.010.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "ChArMEx project"

Leib, Thomas, and Dan Cole. Lake Charles CCS Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1214722.

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Queiroz, Cesar, Andrés Uribe, and Dennis Blumenfeld. Mechanisms for Financing Roads: A Review of International Practice. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009351.

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In the last two decades there has been an increased contribution of the private sector, through some form of public-private partnership (PPP), to finance transport infrastructure in general, and roads in particular, in both the developed and developing worlds. Such contribution has helped several countries to maintain, rehabilitate and expand their road networks, including the construction of new motorways, bridges and tunnels. Some governments have increased the public contribution to potential PPP road projects to make them attractive to private investors. Such support may take the form of grants (or subsidies) to project construction, as well as availabilitypayments and operational grants or minimum revenue guarantees during the operational phase of the PPP project. Nevertheless, there are projects that will not be able to attract private financing and will have to be financed with only public funds. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the most commonly used means to charge road users to generate financial resources for supporting PPP projects or to finance totally public projects. Such charges include inter alia fuel taxes, vehicle taxes, vignettes, and tolls. A brief survey of road user charging systems in selected European countries is presented. Consideration is given to different forms of PPP, including a review of potential application of the World Bank Toolkit for PPP in Roads and Highways as an instrument to help decision-makers and practitioners to define the best PPP approach for a specific country. Developing and transition economies can also take advantage of guarantees offered by international financial institutions, an example of which is the World Bank's partial risk guarantees that can increase a project's attractiveness to private investors through lower interest rates and longer maturities of loans.

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Law, Edward, Samuel Gan-Mor, Hazel Wetzstein, and Dan Eisikowitch. Electrostatic Processes Underlying Natural and Mechanized Transfer of Pollen. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613035.bard.

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The project objective was to more fully understand how the motion of pollen grains may be controlled by electrostatic forces, and to develop a reliable mechanized pollination system based upon sound electrostatic and aerodynamic principles. Theoretical and experimental analyses and computer simulation methods which investigated electrostatic aspects of natural pollen transfer by insects found that: a) actively flying honeybees accumulate ~ 23 pC average charge (93 pC max.) which elevates their bodies to ~ 47 V likely by triboelectrification, inducing ~ 10 fC of opposite charge onto nearby pollen grains, and overcoming their typically 0.3-3.9 nN detachment force resulting in non-contact electrostatic pollen transfer across a 5 mm or greater air gap from anther-to-bee, thus providing a theoretical basis for earlier experimental observations and "buzz pollination" events; b) charge-relaxation characteristics measured for flower structural components (viz., 3 ns and 25 ns time constants, respectively, for the stigma-style vs. waxy petal surfaces) ensure them to be electrically appropriate targets for electrodeposition of charged pollen grains but not differing sufficiently to facilitate electrodynamic focusing onto the stigma; c) conventional electrostatic focusing beneficially concentrates pollen-deposition electric fields onto the pistill tip by 3-fold as compared to that onto underlying flower structures; and d) pollen viability is adequately maintained following exposure to particulate charging/management fields exceeding 2 MV/m. Laboratory- and field-scale processes/prototype machines for electrostatic application of pollen were successfully developed to dispense pollen in both a dry-powder phase and in a liquid-carried phase utilizing corona, triboelectric, and induction particulate-charging methods; pollen-charge levels attained (~ 1-10 mC/kg) provide pollen-deposition forces 10-, 77-, and 100-fold greater than gravity, respectively, for such charged pollen grains subjected to a 1 kV/cm electric field. Lab and field evaluations have documented charged vs. ukncharged pollen deposition to be significantly (a = 0.01-0.05) increased by 3.9-5.6 times. Orchard trials showed initial fruit set on branches individually treated with electrostatically applied pollen to typically increase up to ~ 2-fold vs. uncharged pollen applications; however, whole-tree applications have not significantly shown similar levels of benefit and corrective measures continue. Project results thus contribute important basic knowledge and applied electrostatics technology which will provide agriculture with alternative/supplemental mechanized pollination systems as tranditional pollen-transfer vectors are further endangered by natural and man-fade factors.

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Doug Cathro. The Lake Charles CCS Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010957.

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Remington, S. M. St. Charles County well field monitoring project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7025198.

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Remington, S. St. Charles county well field monitoring project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5658944.

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Remington, S. St. Charles County well field monitoring project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6999511.

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Salmon, Michael W., Benjamin David Kosbab, Justin Coleman, and Ivan Eric Trujillo. PF-4 Seismic Performance Reassessment, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Project Charter and Integrated Project Team. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1493024.

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Fleischman, Robert. Seismic Design Methodology Document for Precast Concrete Diaphragms. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.seis-023.

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The design procedure in PART 1 is part of a new seismic design methodology for precast concrete diaphragms. The design methodology and procedure are the product of a large multi-university research project initiated and guided by the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) and co-funded by PCI, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Charles Pankow Foundation (CPF), termed the Diaphragm Seismic Design Methodology (DSDM) project.

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Braun, Charles L. Final Report on project Photoinduced Dipoles and Charge Pairs in Condensed Media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/892091.

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