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Lambert, D., M. Mallet, V. Ducrocq, F. Dulac, F. Gheusi, and N. Kalthoff. "CORSiCA: a Mediterranean atmospheric and oceanographic observatory in Corsica within the framework of HyMeX and ChArMEx." Advances in Geosciences 26 (January 14, 2011): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-26-125-2011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. CORSiCA (Corsican Observatory for Research and Studies on Climate and Atmosphere-ocean environment) is a project for a multi-site instrumented platform located in Corsica. It is dedicated to oceanographic and atmospheric studies in the framework of the Mediterranean projects HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) and ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment). The observatory will provide the international scientific community with facilities for setting up a multiparametric observation platform in a region with little instrumentation at present. HyMeX and ChArMEx objectives and actions in Corsica are presented.
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Menut, L., G. Rea, S. Mailler, D. Khvorostyanov, and S. Turquety. "Aerosol forecast over the Mediterranean area during July 2013 (ADRIMED/CHARMEX)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 14 (2015): 7897–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7897-2015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. The ADRIMED (Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region) project was dedicated to study the atmospheric composition during the summer 2013 in the European Mediterranean region. During its campaign experiment part, the WRF (Weather Research and Forecast Model) and CHIMERE models were used in the forecast mode in order to decide whether intensive observation periods should be triggered. Each day, a simulation of 4 days was performed, corresponding to (D-1) to (D+2) forecast leads. The goal of this study was to determine whether the model forecast spread is lower or greater than the model biases compared to observations. It is shown that the differences between observations and the model are always higher than those between the forecasts. Among all forcing types used in the chemistry-transport model, it is shown that the strong bias and other related low forecast scores are mainly due to the forecast accuracy of the wind speed, which is used both for the mineral dust emissions (a threshold process) and for the long-range transport of aerosol: the surface wind speed forecast spread can reach 50%, leading to mineral dust emission forecast spread of up to 30%. These variations are responsible for a moderate forecast spread of the surface PM10 (a few percentage points) and for a large spread (more than 50%) in the mineral dust concentration at higher altitudes, leading to a mean AOD (aerosol optical depth) forecast spread of ±10%.
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Menut, L., G. Réa, S. Mailler, D. Khvorostyanov, and S. Turquety. "Variability of aerosols forecast over the Mediterranean area during July 2013 (ADRIMED/CHARMEX)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 7 (2015): 10341–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-10341-2015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. The atmospheric composition was extensively studied in the Euro-Mediterranean region and during the summer 2013, in the framework of the ADRIMED project. During the campaign experiment, the WRF and CHIMERE models were used in forecast mode in order to help scientists to decide whether Intensive Observation Periods should be triggered or not. Each day, a simulation of four days is performed, corresponding to leads from (D−1) to (D+2). The goal of this study is to know the reason why the model does not always simulate in advance what is finally observed: is it due to systematic biases in the models used or to a too large variability due to the real non-linear nature of the meteorology and chemistry? To answer this question, the methodology is to compare the several modelled forecast leads to observations. It was shown that the differences between observations and model is always higher than between the forecast leads. If chemistry-transport model results are not close to the observations, this is mainly due to the model itself (including the meteorology) and its biases. But the forecast variability also acts a lot, mainly due to the modelled wind. This variable is at the origin of the mineral dust and sea salt emissions, as well as the long-range transport of these long-lived species: the wind bias combined to its variability is at the origin of the major part of the aerosols forecast errors.
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Jaidan, Nizar, Laaziz El Amraoui, Jean-Luc Attié, Philippe Ricaud, and François Dulac. "Future changes in surface ozone over the Mediterranean Basin in the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 13 (2018): 9351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9351-2018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. In the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr, last access: 22 June 2018) project, we study the evolution of surface ozone over the Mediterranean Basin (MB) with a focus on summertime over the time period 2000–2100, using the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) outputs from 13 models. We consider three different periods (2000, 2030 and 2100) and the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) to study the changes in the future ozone and its budget. We use a statistical approach to compare and discuss the results of the models. We discuss the behavior of the models that simulate the surface ozone over the MB. The shape of the annual cycle of surface ozone simulated by ACCMIP models is similar to the annual cycle of the ozone observations, but the model values are biased high. For the summer, we found that most of the models overestimate surface ozone compared to observations over the most recent period (1990–2010). Compared to the reference period (2000), we found a net decrease in the ensemble mean surface ozone over the MB in 2030 (2100) for three RCPs: −14 % (−38 %) for RCP2.6, −9 % (−24 %) for RCP4.5 and −10 % (−29 %) for RCP6.0. The surface ozone decrease over the MB for these scenarios is much more pronounced than the relative changes of the global tropospheric ozone burden. This is mainly due to the reduction in ozone precursors and to the nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2)-limited regime over the MB. For RCP8.5, the ensemble mean surface ozone is almost constant over the MB from 2000 to 2100. We show how the future climate change and in particular the increase in methane concentrations can offset the benefits from the reduction in emissions of ozone precursors over the MB.
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Zannoni, Nora, Valerie Gros, Roland Sarda Esteve, et al. "Summertime OH reactivity from a receptor coastal site in the Mediterranean Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 20 (2017): 12645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12645-2017.
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Abstract. Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity, the total loss frequency of the hydroxyl radical in ambient air, provides the total loading of OH reactants in air. We measured the total OH reactivity for the first time during summertime at a coastal receptor site located in the western Mediterranean Basin. Measurements were performed at a temporary field site located in the northern cape of Corsica (France), during summer 2013 for the project CARBOSOR (CARBOn within continental pollution plumes: SOurces and Reactivity)–ChArMEx (Chemistry and Aerosols Mediterranean Experiment). Here, we compare the measured total OH reactivity with the OH reactivity calculated from the measured reactive gases. The difference between these two parameters is termed missing OH reactivity, i.e., the fraction of OH reactivity not explained by the measured compounds. The total OH reactivity at the site varied between the instrumental LoD (limit of detection = 3 s−1) to a maximum of 17 ± 6 s−1 (35 % uncertainty) and was 5 ± 4 s−1 (1σ SD – standard deviation) on average. It varied with air temperature exhibiting a diurnal profile comparable to the reactivity calculated from the concentration of the biogenic volatile organic compounds measured at the site. For part of the campaign, 56 % of OH reactivity was unexplained by the measured OH reactants (missing reactivity). We suggest that oxidation products of biogenic gas precursors were among the contributors to missing OH reactivity.
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Brocchi, Vanessa, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Valéry Catoire, et al. "Intercontinental transport of biomass burning pollutants over the Mediterranean Basin during the summer 2014 ChArMEx-GLAM airborne campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 9 (2018): 6887–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6887-2018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. The Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean basin (GLAM) campaign was set up in August 2014, as part of the Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) project. This campaign aimed to study the chemical variability of gaseous pollutants and aerosols in the troposphere along a west–east transect above the Mediterranean Basin (MB). In the present work, we focus on two biomass burning events detected at 5.4 and 9.7 km altitude above sea level (a.s.l.) over Sardinia (from 39∘12′ N–9∘15′ E to 35∘35′ N–12∘35′ E and at 39∘30′ N–8∘25′ E, respectively). Concentration variations in trace gas carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and aerosols were measured thanks to the standard instruments on board the Falcon 20 aircraft operated by the Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE) and the Spectromètre InfraRouge In situ Toute Altitude (SPIRIT) developed by LPC2E. Twenty-day backward trajectories with Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) help to understand the transport processes and the origin of the emissions that contributed to this pollution detected above Sardinia. Biomass burning emissions came (i) on 10 August from the North American continent with air masses transported during 5 days before arriving over the MB, and (ii) on 6 August from Siberia, with air masses travelling during 12 days and enriched in fire emission products above Canada 5 days before arriving over the MB. In combination with the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) inventory and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite fire locations, FLEXPART reproduces well the contribution of those fires to CO and aerosols enhancements under adjustments of the injection height to 10 km in both cases and application of an amplification factor of 2 on CO GFAS emissions for the 10 August event. The chemistry transport model (CTM) MOCAGE is used as a complementary tool for the case of 6 August to confirm the origin of the emissions by tracing the CO global atmospheric composition reaching the MB. For this event, both models agree on the origin of air masses with CO concentrations simulated with MOCAGE lower than the observed ones, likely caused by the coarse model horizontal resolution that yields the dilution of the emissions and diffusion during transport. In combination with wind fields, the analysis of the transport of the air mass documented on 6 August suggests the subsidence of CO pollution from Siberia towards North America and then a transport to the MB via fast jet winds located at around 5.5 km in altitude. Finally, using the ratio ΔO3 ∕ ΔCO, the plume age can be estimated and the production of O3 during the transport of the air mass is studied using the MOCAGE model.
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Sicard, M., R. Barragan, C. Muñoz-Porcar, et al. "Contribution of EARLINET/ACTRIS to the summer 2013 Special Observing Period of the ChArMEx project: monitoring of a Saharan dust event over the western and central Mediterranean." International Journal of Remote Sensing 37, no. 19 (2016): 4698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1222102.
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Mallet, M., F. Dulac, P. Formenti, et al. "Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 14 (2015): 19615–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-19615-2015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr) is a collaborative research program federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional chemistry-climate interactions. A special observing period (SOP-1a) including intensive airborne measurements was performed in the framework of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ADRIMED) project during the Mediterranean dry season over the western and central Mediterranean basins, with a focus on aerosol-radiation measurements and their modeling. The SOP-1a took place from 11 June to 5 July 2013. Airborne measurements were made by both the ATR-42 and F-20 French research aircraft operated from Sardinia (Italy) and instrumented for in situ and remote-sensing measurements, respectively, and by sounding and drifting balloons, launched in Minorca. The experimental set-up also involved several ground-based measurement sites on islands including two ground-based reference stations in Corsica and Lampedusa and secondary monitoring sites in Minorca and Sicily. Additional measurements including lidar profiling were also performed on alert during aircraft operations at EARLINET/ACTRIS stations at Granada and Barcelona in Spain, and in southern Italy. Remote sensing aerosol products from satellites (MSG/SEVIRI, MODIS) and from the AERONET/PHOTONS network were also used. Dedicated meso-scale and regional modelling experiments were performed in relation to this observational effort. We provide here an overview of the different surface and aircraft observations deployed during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED period and of associated modeling studies together with an analysis of the synoptic conditions that determined the aerosol emission and transport. Meteorological conditions observed during this campaign (moderate temperatures and southern flows) were not favorable to produce high level of atmospheric pollutants nor intense biomass burning events in the region. However, numerous mineral dust plumes were observed during the campaign with main sources located in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, leading to aerosol optical depth (AOD) values ranging between 0.2 to 0.6 (at 440 nm) over the western and central Mediterranean basins. Associated aerosol extinction values measured on-board the ATR-42 within the dust plume show local maxima reaching up to 150 Mm−1. Non negligible aerosol extinction (about 50 Mm−1) was also been observed within the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL). By combining ATR-42 extinction, absorption and scattering measurements, a complete optical closure has been made revealing excellent agreement with estimated optical properties. Associated calculations of the dust single scattering albedo (SSA) have been conducted, which show a moderate variability (from 0.90 to 1.00 at 530 nm). In parallel, active remote-sensing observations from the surface and onboard the F-20 aircraft suggest a complex vertical structure of particles and distinct aerosol layers with sea-salt and pollution located within the MBL, and mineral dust and/or aged north American smoke particles located above (up to 6–7 km in altitude). Aircraft and balloon-borne observations show particle size distributions characterized by large aerosols (> 10 μm in diameter) within dust plumes. In terms of shortwave (SW) direct forcing, in-situ surface and aircraft observations have been merged and used as inputs in 1-D radiative transfer codes for calculating the direct radiative forcing (DRF). Results show significant surface SW instantaneous forcing (up to −90 W m−2 at noon). Associated 3-D modeling studies from regional climate (RCM) and chemistry transport (CTM) models indicate a relatively good agreement for simulated AOD compared with measurements/observations from the AERONET/PHOTONS network and satellite data, especially for long-range dust transport. Calculations of the 3-D SW (clear-sky) surface DRF indicate an average of about −10 to −20 W m−2 (for the whole period) over the Mediterranean Sea together with maxima (−50 W m−2) over northern Africa. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) DRF is shown to be highly variable within the domain, due to moderate absorbing properties of dust and changes in the surface albedo. Indeed, 3-D simulations indicate negative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea and Europe and positive forcing over northern Africa.
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Mallet, M., F. Dulac, P. Formenti, et al. "Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 2 (2016): 455–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-455-2016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr) is a collaborative research program federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional chemistry-climate interactions. A special observing period (SOP-1a) including intensive airborne measurements was performed in the framework of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region (ADRIMED) project during the Mediterranean dry season over the western and central Mediterranean basins, with a focus on aerosol-radiation measurements and their modeling. The SOP-1a took place from 11 June to 5 July 2013. Airborne measurements were made by both the ATR-42 and F-20 French research aircraft operated from Sardinia (Italy) and instrumented for in situ and remote-sensing measurements, respectively, and by sounding and drifting balloons, launched in Minorca. The experimental setup also involved several ground-based measurement sites on islands including two ground-based reference stations in Corsica and Lampedusa and secondary monitoring sites in Minorca and Sicily. Additional measurements including lidar profiling were also performed on alert during aircraft operations at EARLINET/ACTRIS stations at Granada and Barcelona in Spain, and in southern Italy. Remote-sensing aerosol products from satellites (MSG/SEVIRI, MODIS) and from the AERONET/PHOTONS network were also used. Dedicated meso-scale and regional modeling experiments were performed in relation to this observational effort. We provide here an overview of the different surface and aircraft observations deployed during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED period and of associated modeling studies together with an analysis of the synoptic conditions that determined the aerosol emission and transport. Meteorological conditions observed during this campaign (moderate temperatures and southern flows) were not favorable to producing high levels of atmospheric pollutants or intense biomass burning events in the region. However, numerous mineral dust plumes were observed during the campaign, with the main sources located in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, leading to aerosol optical depth (AOD) values ranging between 0.2 and 0.6 (at 440 nm) over the western and central Mediterranean basins. One important point of this experiment concerns the direct observations of aerosol extinction onboard the ATR-42, using the CAPS system, showing local maxima reaching up to 150 M m−1 within the dust plume. Non-negligible aerosol extinction (about 50 M m−1) has also been observed within the marine boundary layer (MBL). By combining the ATR-42 extinction coefficient observations with absorption and scattering measurements, we performed a complete optical closure revealing excellent agreement with estimated optical properties. This additional information on extinction properties has allowed calculation of the dust single scattering albedo (SSA) with a high level of confidence over the western Mediterranean. Our results show a moderate variability from 0.90 to 1.00 (at 530 nm) for all flights studied compared to that reported in the literature on this optical parameter. Our results underline also a relatively low difference in SSA with values derived near dust sources. In parallel, active remote-sensing observations from the surface and onboard the F-20 aircraft suggest a complex vertical structure of particles and distinct aerosol layers with sea spray and pollution located within the MBL, and mineral dust and/or aged North American smoke particles located above (up to 6–7 km in altitude). Aircraft and balloon-borne observations allow one to investigate the vertical structure of the aerosol size distribution showing particles characterized by a large size (> 10 µm in diameter) within dust plumes. In most of cases, a coarse mode characterized by an effective diameter ranging between 5 and 10 µm, has been detected above the MBL. In terms of shortwave (SW) direct forcing, in situ surface and aircraft observations have been merged and used as inputs in 1-D radiative transfer codes for calculating the aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF). Results show significant surface SW instantaneous forcing (up to −90 W m−2 at noon). Aircraft observations provide also original estimates of the vertical structure of SW and LW radiative heating revealing significant instantaneous values of about 5° K per day in the solar spectrum (for a solar angle of 30°) within the dust layer. Associated 3-D modeling studies from regional climate (RCM) and chemistry transport (CTM) models indicate a relatively good agreement for simulated AOD compared with observations from the AERONET/PHOTONS network and satellite data, especially for long-range dust transport. Calculations of the 3-D SW (clear-sky) surface DRF indicate an average of about −10 to −20 W m−2 (for the whole period) over the Mediterranean Sea together with maxima (−50 W m−2) over northern Africa. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) DRF is shown to be highly variable within the domain, due to moderate absorbing properties of dust and changes in the surface albedo. Indeed, 3-D simulations indicate negative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea and Europe and positive forcing over northern Africa. Finally, a multi-year simulation, performed for the 2003 to 2009 period and including an ocean–atmosphere (O–A) coupling, underlines the impact of the aerosol direct radiative forcing on the sea surface temperature, O–A fluxes and the hydrological cycle over the Mediterranean.
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Gheusi, François, Pierre Durand, Nicolas Verdier, et al. "Adapted ECC ozonesonde for long-duration flights aboard boundary-layer pressurised balloons." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 12 (2016): 5811–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5811-2016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Since the 1970s, the French space agency CNES has developed boundary-layer pressurised balloons (BLPBs) with the capability to transport lightweight scientific payloads at isopycnic level and offer a quasi-Lagrangian sampling of the lower atmosphere over very long distances and durations (up to several weeks).Electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes are widely used under small sounding balloons. However, their autonomy is limited to a few hours owing to power consumption and electrolyte evaporation. An adaptation of the ECC sonde has been developed specifically for long-duration BLPB flights. Compared to conventional ECC sondes, the main feature is the possibility of programming periodic measurement sequences (with possible remote control during the flight). To increase the ozonesonde autonomy, the strategy has been adopted of short measurement sequences (2–3 min) regularly spaced in time (e.g. every 15 min). The rest of the time, the sonde pump is turned off. Results of preliminary ground-based tests are first presented. In particular, the sonde was able to provide correct ozone concentrations against a reference UV-absorption ozone analyser every 15 min for 4 days. Then we illustrate results from 16 BLBP flights launched over the western Mediterranean during three summer field campaigns of the ChArMEx project (http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr): TRAQA in 2012, and ADRIMED and SAFMED in 2013. BLPB drifting altitudes were in the range 0.25–3.2 km. The longest flight lasted more than 32 h and covered more than 1000 km. Satisfactory data were obtained when compared to independent ozone measurements close in space and time. The quasi-Lagrangian measurements allowed a first look at ozone diurnal evolution in the marine boundary layer as well as in the lower free troposphere. During some flight segments, there was indication of photochemical ozone production in the marine boundary layer or even in the free troposphere, at rates ranging from 1 to 2 ppbv h −1, which is slower than previously found in the boundary layer over land in the same region.
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Pingale, Aakash, Purvesh Salunkhe, Shreyash Phule, Sahil Malushte, and Rohan Bhand. "Design and Construct of a Portable Solar Mobile Charger." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (2024): 4025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60321.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: The state of incessant power failure accompanied with the increase in pump price of petroleum in India, solar energy becomes the most sought after energy source. Solar chargers are simple, portable and ready to use devices which can be used by anyone especially in remote areas. Going solar can solve the problems of dependence on fuels and the prevalent energy crisis. This project aims to make a portable solar charger which can be used on the go. A portable solar mobile phone charger is simply a power electronic device that converts solar radiation into electrical current for the purpose of charging the batteries of mobile phones. This charger is made by converting, controlling and conditioning the flow of electrical energy from source to load according to the requirements. of the load; this technology is called power electronics. An external adjustable voltage regulator is used to obtain the desired constant voltage. A zener diode switches on to ensure charging is cut off at the saturation point. Two 3.7V lithium ion batteries are used as backup; an operational amplifier works here as a comparator to signify when backup is fully charged. Ultimately, 11V and 160mA is supplied by the panel under full sunlight. This charger has an output voltage of 5V and an average of 800mA current to charge a mobile phone, this system charges a phone fully between 4-5hours and it has a capacity of 4800mAh. This device charges all mobile phones by all manufacturers using a universal serial bus connector. It is the only viable solution to charging mobile phones as it is portable, light-weight and does not cause pollution
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Park, Gil-Hwan. "A Legal Analysis of the Case with Transfer of Development Charges by Illegal Parceling and Succession (‘chogaegie’), with an Emphasis on ‘Vertrauensschutz’ and the ‘Principle of Real Taxation’." National Association of Korean Local Government Studies 24, no. 4 (2023): 23–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.38134/klgr.2023.24.4.023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We analyze the case with transfer of development charges by illegal parceling and project ownership succession, which is so called ‘chogaegie,’ with an emphasis on ‘Vertrauensschutz’ and the ‘principle of real taxation.’ This sophisticated hands-on practice of site development has resulted in the transfer of development charges to parcel purchasers along with the inevitable project ownership succession without which the original developer should have been charged for any necessary development charges. For evading any burden of development charges on large-scale site development, building lots for individual houses were sold separately with illegal parceling under the local government’s conditional permit of ‘site development,’ whose ‘building’ project ownership as the local government’s decisive criterion for determining whom to charge was regarded as due to each purchase of illegally parceled lots that had been owned by the original developer.
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Cholakian, Arineh, Augustin Colette, Isabelle Coll, Giancarlo Ciarelli, and Matthias Beekmann. "Future climatic drivers and their effect on PM<sub>10</sub> components in Europe and the Mediterranean Sea." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 7 (2019): 4459–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4459-2019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Multiple CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) future scenarios run with the CHIMERE chemistry transport model (CTM) are compared to historic simulations in order to study some of the drivers governing air pollution. Here, the focus is on regional climate, anthropogenic emissions and long-range transport. Two major subdomains are explored – the European region and the Mediterranean Basin – with both areas showing high sensitivity to climate change. The Mediterranean area is explored in the context of the ChArMEx (the Chemistry Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) project, which examines the current and future meteorological and chemical conditions of the Mediterranean area. This climate impact study covers the period from 2031 to 2100 and considers possible future scenarios in comparison with 1976 to 2005 historic simulations using three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). A detailed analysis of total PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter smaller that 10 µm) concentrations is carried out, including the evolution of PM10 and changes to its composition. The individual effects of meteorological conditions on PM10 components are explored in these scenarios in an effort to pinpoint the meteorological parameter(s) governing each component. The anthropogenic emission impact study covers the period from 2046 to 2055 using current legislation (CLE) and maximum feasible reduction (MFR) anthropogenic emissions for the year 2050 compared with historic simulations covering the period from 1996 to 2005 and utilizing CLE2010 emissions data. Long-range transport is explored by changing the boundary conditions in the chemistry transport model over the same period as the emission impact studies. Finally, a cumulative effect analysis of these drivers is performed, and the impact of each driver on PM10 and its components is estimated. The results show that regional climate change causes a decrease in the PM10 concentrations in our scenarios (in both the European and Mediterranean subdomains), as a result of a decrease in nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and dust atmospheric concentrations in most scenarios. On the contrary, BSOA (biogenic secondary organic aerosol) displays an important increase in all scenarios, showing more pronounced concentrations for the European subdomain compared with the Mediterranean region. Regarding the relationship of different meteorological parameters to concentrations of different species, nitrate and BSOA show a strong temperature dependence, whereas sulfate is most strongly correlated with relative humidity. The temperature-dependent behavior of BSOA changes when looking at the Mediterranean subdomain, where it displays more dependence on wind speed, due to the transported nature of BSOA existing in this subdomain. A cumulative look at all drivers shows that anthropogenic emission changes overshadow changes caused by climate and long-range transport for both of the subdomains explored, with the exception of dust particles for which long-range transport changes are more influential, especially in the Mediterranean Basin. For certain species (such as sulfates and BSOA), in most of the subdomains explored, the changes caused by anthropogenic emissions are (to a certain extent) reduced by the boundary conditions and regional climate changes.
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Susuruth Narayana Saker, Vaijinath. "Navigating IT Project Complexities: The Role of the Project Charter in Aligning Business and Technical Objectives." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 12 (2023): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr231210025957.
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Kukui, Alexandre, Michel Chartier, Jinhe Wang, et al. "Role of Criegee intermediates in the formation of sulfuric acid at a Mediterranean (Cape Corsica) site under influence of biogenic emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 17 (2021): 13333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13333-2021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Reaction of stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs) with SO2 was proposed as an additional pathway of gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) formation in the atmosphere, supplementary to the conventional mechanism of H2SO4 production by oxidation of SO2 in reaction with OH radicals. However, because of a large uncertainty in mechanism and rate coefficients for the atmospheric formation and loss reactions of different SCIs, the importance of this additional source is not well established. In this work, we present an estimation of the role of SCIs in H2SO4 formation at a western Mediterranean (Cape Corsica) remote site, where comprehensive field observations including gas-phase H2SO4, OH radicals, SO2, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosol size distribution measurements were performed in July–August 2013 as a part of the project ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosols Mediterranean Experiment). The measurement site was under strong influence of local emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, including monoterpenes and isoprene generating SCIs in reactions with ozone, and, hence, presenting an additional source of H2SO4 via SO2 oxidation by the SCIs. Assuming the validity of a steady state between H2SO4 production and its loss by condensation on existing aerosol particles with a unity accommodation coefficient, about 90 % of the H2SO4 formation during the day could be explained by the reaction of SO2 with OH. During the night the oxidation of SO2 by OH radicals was found to contribute only about 10 % to the H2SO4 formation. The accuracy of the derived values for the contribution of OH + SO2 reaction to the H2SO4 formation is limited mostly by a large, at present factor of 2, uncertainty in the OH + SO2 reaction rate coefficient. The contribution of the SO2 oxidation by SCIs to the H2SO4 formation was evaluated using available measurements of unsaturated VOCs and steady-state SCI concentrations estimated by adopting rate coefficients for SCI reactions based on structure–activity relationships (SARs). The estimated concentration of the sum of SCIs was in the range of (1–3) × 103 molec. cm−3. During the day the reaction of SCIs with SO2 was found to account for about 10 % and during the night for about 40 % of the H2SO4 production, closing the H2SO4 budget during the day but leaving unexplained about 50 % of the H2SO4 formation during the night. Despite large uncertainties in used kinetic parameters, these results indicate that the SO2 oxidation by SCIs may represent an important H2SO4 source in VOC-rich environments, especially during nighttime.
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McElroy, Jerome E. "Introduction to the Manhattan Bail Project." Federal Sentencing Reporter 24, no. 1 (2011): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2011.24.1.8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Concern over the injustice of the money bail system led the founders of the Vera Institute of Justice to design and implement the Manhattan Bail Project in 1961. The Project demonstrated that people with strong ties to the community could be safely released from custody without bail merely on their promise to return to court—called release on recognizance. Federal, state, and local officials should be encouraged to examine their systems and implement a more just, more rational, and less costly system of ensuring appearance and protecting public safety while those charged but presumed innocent await the disposition of the charges. Toward that end, Attorney General Eric Holder convened a national conference on bail and criminal justice in June 2011 that presented another opportunity to realize the Manhattan Bail Project's mission: bringing pretrial justice to the significant proportion of impoverished defendants brought before the criminal courts.
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Baldenius, Tim, Sunil Dutta, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Cost Allocation for Capital Budgeting Decisions." Accounting Review 82, no. 4 (2007): 837–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.4.837.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Investment decisions frequently require coordination across multiple divisions of a firm. This paper explores a class of capital budgeting mechanisms in which the divisions issue reports regarding the anticipated profitability of proposed projects. To hold the divisions accountable for their reports, the central office ties the project acceptance decision to a system of cost allocations comprised of depreciation and capital charges. If the proposed project concerns a common asset that benefits multiple divisions, then our analysis derives a sharing rule for dividing the asset among the users. Capital charges are based on a hurdle rate determined by the divisional reports. We find that this hurdle rate deviates from the firm's cost of capital in a manner that depends crucially on whether the coordination problem is one of implementing a common asset or choosing among multiple competing projects. We also find that more severe divisional agency problems will increase the hurdle rate for common assets, yet this is generally not true for competing projects.
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Clifford, Debbie, Raquel Alegre, Victoria Bennett, et al. "Capturing and Sharing Our Collective Expertise on Climate Data: The CHARMe Project." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 4 (2016): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00189.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract For users of climate services, the ability to quickly determine the datasets that best fit one’s needs would be invaluable. The volume, variety, and complexity of climate data makes this judgment difficult. The ambition of CHARMe (Characterization of metadata to enable high-quality climate services) is to give a wider interdisciplinary community access to a range of supporting information, such as journal articles, technical reports, or feedback on previous applications of the data. The capture and discovery of this “commentary” information, often created by data users rather than data providers, and currently not linked to the data themselves, has not been significantly addressed previously. CHARMe applies the principles of Linked Data and open web standards to associate, record, search, and publish user-derived annotations in a way that can be read both by users and automated systems. Tools have been developed within the CHARMe project that enable annotation capability for data delivery systems already in wide use for discovering climate data. In addition, the project has developed advanced tools for exploring data and commentary in innovative ways, including an interactive data explorer and comparator (“CHARMe Maps”), and a tool for correlating climate time series with external “significant events” (e.g., instrument failures or large volcanic eruptions) that affect the data quality. Although the project focuses on climate science, the concepts are general and could be applied to other fields. All CHARMe system software is open-source and released under a liberal license, permitting future projects to reuse the source code as they wish.
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Chisulo, Watson, Erastus Mwanaumo, Bupe Getrude Mutono-Mwanza, and Austin Mwange. "Factors affecting the successful implementation of telecommunication tower projects in Zambia." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 2 (2024): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.2.119-127.
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The research aimed at identifying factors that affect the successful implementation of telecommunication tower projects at Airtel Networks Zambia Plc and IHS Zambia Limited, in order to ensure adequate measures are put in place to support the successful implementation of telecommunications tower projects by market players. The study took a pragmatic approach to inquiry with a triangulated design where 16 professionals with industry experience and position of influence were purposively recruited. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study findings revealed at least 5 factors that negatively affect the successful implementation of the telecommunication tower projects and these are Projects Scope Management, Projects Time Management, Projects Cost Management, Projects Communication Management, and Human Related Factors. The study also revealed that these factors had an adverse impact on project scheduling hence resulting into project delays. Subsequently, it was revealed that delayed legal formalities led to excess project expenses in form of warehouse and rental charges for the piece of land. Additionally, the study findings revealed that poor project scope description had a negative effect on the proper and efficient planning of project resources. Finally, the study revealed that poor project procurement management led to inadequate resource availability hence affecting the project schedule due to lack of resources as subcontractors could not proceed with the projects in the absence of necessary materials. The study recommended organizations to invest more resources in ensuring that various factors that impend the successful implementation of the telecommunication tower projects are known, as well as invest in Research and Development and project managers to ensure comprehensive project planning and evaluation before the project is initiated. This would also help ensuring that various challenges that affect the project implementation process at various stages of project’s implementation are mitigated.
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Maeda, Masahiro, Kiyomi Nakada, Kazuaki Kawamoto, and Masataka Ikeda. "Area-wide use of reclaimed water in Tokyo, Japan." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (1996): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0661.
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In Japan, wastewater treatment plants generate 1.09 × 1010 m3 of effluent in a year. 8.5 × 107 m3 of it is reused. Several criteria have been proposed for reclaimed water quality. However there is not national standards yet. In this paper, reclaimed water use in Japan is briefly described. Existing quality criteria are also presented. In the context of reclaimed water use, Tokyo is one of the cities which have promoted the reuse of treated effluent. Especially, stream restoration project and area-wide water recycling projects are epoch-making projects. In this paper, area-wide water recycling project in Shinjuku district which is one of sub-centers in Tokyo is described. In this project, reclaimed water is used for toilet flushing in 19 high-rise buildings. Construction cost, funding and user charges are also given.
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Maxime, Chupin, and Bitouzé Denis. "Passer à la définition de commandes de LaTeX3." La Lettre GUTenberg, no. 49 (January 22, 2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.60028/lettre.vi49.113.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L A TEX3 est un projet ancien puisque c’est en 1999 que Frank Mittlebach et Chris Rowley détaillaient les motivations, les réalisations et le futur du LaTeX3 Project. Le projet a bien évolué et, depuis un certain temps déjà, l’idée de produire un nouveau format LaTeX3 existant en parallèle de LaTeX2ε a été abandonnée : les membres du LaTeX Project ont décidé d’améliorer et de moderniser LaTeX en intégrant graduellement dans son noyau les nouveautés, tout en veillant au maintien de la compatibilité descendante pour les anciens documents.
 C’est ainsi que désormais, en 2022, nous avons accès aux mécanismes de LaTeX3 sans rien charger de plus.
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Akomea-Frimpong, I., X. Jin, and R. Osei-Kyei. "Criticality analysis of financial risks of public-private partnership projects in a Sub-Saharan African country." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 5 (2022): 052026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/5/052026.
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Abstract Integrating sustainable and complex financial performance models into Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project management is a challenging task due to the sheer number of inherent financial risks. Financial risk is a key impediment in the development of public infrastructure projects in Ghana. Studies on PPP projects in the country have concentrated on critical success factors and stakeholder management with little in-depth assessment of financial risks. This study develops and analyses the key financial risks of PPP infrastructure projects in Ghana. The research methodology is set as follows. First, the identification of twenty-eight financial risks in institutional and project reports, and peer-reviewed articles. Second, collection of primary data via surveys from 126 PPP experts (academics, risk managers and project managers). Third, the development and testing of a novel quantitative model on the criticality of financial risks of PPP projects. The findings show high interest charges, excessive operating expenses, and huge construction material costs as some of the critical financial risks that must be tackled immediately in the country. The outcomes of this study broaden the understanding of financial risks of PPP projects, and it sets the stage for further research.
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Vinothkumar, Mr A., M. S. Deepika, V. Kaviya Priya, and V. Gowarna Jayasri. "A PFC based EV Battery Charger using a Bridgeless Isolated SEPIC Converter." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 4142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51177.
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Abstract: Conventional PFC circuits in EV (Electric Vehicle) battery chargers have efficiency limitations. To overcome this issue, there were losses associated with the DBR, hence a bridgeless single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) with improved power quality is presented in this project. The input current drawn by the charger shows a unity power factor operation in a complete switching cycle. Due to the elimination of DBR, conduction losses are significantly controlled. The overall performance of the proposed bridgeless SEPIC converter is analyzed with the help of various operating modes. The EV battery is charged at constant current/ constant voltage control mode, which provides satisfactory results for improved efficiency and inherent PFC, thus improving the overall performance of the charger.
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Goroshkova, Renata Rishatovna. "The Charles Dickens Letters Project." Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 4 (April 2021): 1075–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil210141.
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SMEYERS, P., and W. LEMMENS. "Het project van Charles Taylor." Ethische Perspectieven 5, no. 1 (1995): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/epn.5.1.562972.
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Mallikarjun, Sujal S. Karbhari, Ravi Gorentla, Ajaykumar B.M, Dr. Pavithra G, and Dr. T.C.Manjunath. "Design & Development Of a Dc Charging Unit For Various Engineering Applications." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 6 (2023): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i06.018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, the design & development of a DC charging unit for various engineering applications is presented. The DC Charger project is the creation of a charging system that converts AC power from the mains into a steady DC output for charging batteries and devices. The process involves using a transformer to step down the mains voltage, followed by a bridge rectifier that converts AC to pulsating DC. Smoothing capacitors then refine the DC waveform, which is further stabilized by voltage regulators to provide a consistent 12V output. A relay that manages the charging process. When the battery is fully charged, the relay disconnects the charging current. LED indicators provide visual cues for charging status. Protection mechanisms prevent issues such as overcurrent and overvoltage, ensuring safety. The project teaches about the basics of DC power electronics and how to design, build, components, and test a DC charger. It will also give you the opportunity to apply your skills in electronics and problem-solving. The work carried out is the second semester mini-project by the students of Electronics & Communication Engineering under the guidance of the faculties.
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Trefalt, Špela. "Leading Organizational Change: Semester-Long Project." Management Teaching Review 5, no. 1 (2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2379298119881788.
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For organizational change to happen, people have to change their behaviors. Leaders of organizational change therefore need to develop their abilities to influence others, sell issues, and overcome resistance to gain buy-in within organizations. This article describes the framework for a semester-long project in which MBA students practice these skills by planning and executing an organizational change project of their own design. In the process, they obtain developmental feedback on their growing change-management skills. The instructor does not need to arrange contact with organizations in which these change projects take place, as students are charged with developing their projects and negotiating necessary access if needed. The project works best with weekly feedback and is, therefore, more appropriate for smaller classes or classes with capable teaching assistants. Adjustments for use in larger classes are also provided.
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Xie, Nien Lin. "Partnering with Special Collections in Promoting Digital Humanities: Papers of Charles Daniel Tenney (丁家立档案) at Dartmouth College". International Journal of Librarianship 4, № 1 (2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2019.vol4.1.133.
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This paper discusses a project relating to the papers of Charles Tenney at Dartmouth College in order to examine the value of partnering with special collections while promoting digital humanities. It treats the discovery, digitization, publication and utilization of rare and unique primary resources in assisting classroom teaching and research. This project provides a case study that illustrates how, by creating collaborative projects with faculty and colleagues, librarians can create knowledge, enrich scholarship, and better serve academic communities as research partners instead of being mere content providers.
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Zvárová, J. "Education in Methodology for Health Care – EuroMISE." Methods of Information in Medicine 33, no. 03 (1994): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635020.
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Abstract:In January 1993 the Joint European Project “Education in the methodology field of health care”, EuroMISE (European Education in Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology) started under the European TEMPUS program. Training and education in EuroMISE consist of three overlapping methodology branches: medical informatics, medical statistics, and epidemiology. A teaching scheme has been developed in cooperation between Charles University, Prague, and EC universities and organizations involved in the EuroMISE project. One of the main tasks of the project is to design a modularly structured EuroMISE course set, to develop teaching materials and tools in the English language, and to link the EuroMISE project with other programs and projects in this field. Running EuroMISE courses, firstly for university teachers, will have a major impact in disseminating the acquired knowledge and skills.
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Kamrath, Mark L. "Prospects for the Study of Charles Brockden Brown." Resources for American Literary Study 44, no. 1-2 (2022): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/resoamerlitestud.44.1-2.0001.
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ABSTRACT Beginning in the 1970s and 1980s with the Kent State Edition of Brown’s novels, Brown’s life and writings became the subject of a multi-year editorial project. Similar to Melville and Cather studies, the rise of Brown studies since that time has been steady over the decades and can now be marked by nearly twenty-five years of Charles Brockden Brown Society conferences, a variety of collaborative scholarly edition projects and publications, numerous monographs, journal articles, and book chapters, and, most recently, publication of major library resources by Oxford University Press and the use of digital humanities approaches.
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Bhagat, Sanjai. "Why do venture capitalists use such high discount rates?" Journal of Risk Finance 15, no. 1 (2014): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-08-2013-0055.
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Purpose – Venture capitalists typically use discount rates in the range of 30-70 percent. During the startup stage of venture-capital financing, discount rates between 50 and 70 percent are common. The discount rate decreases from the first through fourth stage: from 60 to 30 percent. These rates of return are high compared to historical returns on common stocks or small stocks (12.1 and 17.8 percent, respectively). Such high discount rates cannot also be explained in the context of any existing asset pricing theory; that is, any reasonable risk-adjusted discount rates are not consistent with discount rates in the order of 30-60 percent. The paper provides a rational economic explanation why venture capitalists (VC) use such high discount rates. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Let the discount rate of a venture project be 15 percent; this discount rate depends on the systematic risk of the cash flows from the project given that the project is successful. Using the procedure, a VC who estimates the probability of eventual success of the project between 60 and 40 percent will impose a discount rate between 42 and 74 percent. These discount rates are quite similar to the discount rates charged by VC in their startup and first stages. Findings – The high rates of return charged by VC reflect the fact that not all their projects succeed in that they have no net cash-inflows. Adjusting for the probability of success of the project provides estimates of discount rates comparable. Originality/value – The paper argues that reported rates of return of common stock are relevant for projects that have succeeded in that they have net cash-inflows.
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Besancenot, Damien, and Radu Vranceanu. "A Global Game Model of Medical Project Crowdfunding." International Game Theory Review 22, no. 03 (2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198919500166.
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This paper analyzes the strategic interaction between a crowdfunding platform specialized in medical projects and a set of potential investors. The problem is cast as a two-stage game. In the first stage, the platform chooses its participation fee and selects a project. In the second stage, investors decide whether to back the project or not. We consider a crowdfunding platform which runs all-or-nothing programs and transfers funds to the entrepreneur only if an investment target is reached. Moreover, we assume that some agents present a systematic positive bias driven by positive emotions about projects with high social impact, which is a major characteristic of medical projects. We frame the second-stage investor problem as a typical global game and solve it for the threshold equilibrium. The analysis reveals that crowdfunding finance might back financially inefficient projects, a result amplified by the existence of enthusiastic investors. We further show that the optimal fee charged by the platform is related to the frequency of overoptimistic agents, a result that might explain why platforms tend to over-emphasize the social role of their projects.
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Turner, Jack. "Reconstructing liberalism: Charles Mills’ unfinished project." Politics, Groups, and Identities 3, no. 3 (2015): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2015.1050418.
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Oluigbo, C. U., U. K. Unamba, and D. V. Nnaa. "Design, Construction, and Post-Construction of a Residential Development Located at Orji, Owerri North in Imo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 9 (2023): 2063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i9.24.
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The objective of this paper is to highlight the architectural service delivery process in the design, construction, post-construction of a residential development located at Orji, Owerri North in Imo State, Nigeria based on the design stages spelt out by the Architects Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON) Architectural Consultancy and Project Management Services, Conditions of Engagement, Charges and Agreement for the Professional Architect on 8th June, 2016 to evaluate the performance of projects in Nigeria. The outcome of this paper is tailored towards acquainting architects, town planners, surveyors, civil / structural engineers, project managers, and other players in the built environment on the need to measure their level of compliance with recognized standards in the course delivering building projects. It also x-rays the distinct solutions applied at different milestones in the design and construction of the Five Bedroom Duplex to address challenges thereof.
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Děchtěrenko, Filip. "LABELS: Laboratoř behaviorálních a lingvistických studií." E-psychologie 15, no. 4 (2021): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29364/epsy.430.
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The Laboratory of Behavioural and Linguistic Studies is a joint project of the Institute of Psychology of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the Faculty of Arts of Charles University. Currently, our laboratory is mainly concerned with vision science, language and speech acquisition in children, language processing in adults and cognition in children and adults in general, but it is also open to to other types of projects.
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Gitau, Edward John Gikonyo, and Linda Kimencu. "Effect of Project Selection Criteria on Performance of National Government Constituency Development Fund Funded Projects: Case of Kiambu County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. IV (2019): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iiv.49.
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The Constituency Development Fund was established in Kenya in 2003 with a view to addressing regional imbalances and empowering communities to prioritise and manage development projects at the grass root. This has made significant contribution in bringing essential services to the grass root. Many complaints have however been lodged by constituents with regard to performance of projects as a result of poor choice of projects, poorly constructed projects, stalled projects and projects that are completed but not in use. In the years 2013/2014 to 2015/2016, the National Government allocated a total of Kes 86.8 Billion to all the constituencies with Ruiru constituency being allocated Kes 279 million to finance different projects in line with CDF Act. Different researchers have investigated various factors that affect the performance of NG-CDF funded project. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of project selection criteria on performance of NG-CDF funded projects in Ruiru Constituency, Kiambu County, Kenya. Project cost, time to completion and quality of the outcome have been noted to be the most visible and significant indicators of project performance due to the objectivity that characterizes their measurement and their direct economic implications if they are exceeded. The specific objectives were to investigate the effect of alignment with strategy, community participation, capacity to implement projects and feasibility of the project on performance of NG-CDF funded projects in Ruiru constituency in Kiambu County. The study was anchored on the theory of constraints, strategic alignment theory and theory of rational choice. The study employed a quantitative design using descriptive and inferential statistics to collect and analyze data and make inferences on the effect of selection criteria on performance of projects. The study’s units of analysis were 91 CDF projects, in Ruiru constituency in education, water, health, transport, environment and social services sectors that were approved between 2013/2014 to 2015/2016 financial years. The units of observation were 131 representatives comprising of a member of the executive of constituency committee and project management committee, an ordinary member of each of these committees, officers in charge of ministries of education, water, health, transport, environment and social services at sub county level. Data was collected using a questionnaire and an observations checklist. The relationship between the variables was determined through descriptive statistics, regression and correlation analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The researcher used test retest test reliability of the questionnaire. The research established that, the independent variables alignment with strategy (X₁), feasibility of project (X2), capacity to implement projects (X3) and community participation (X4) affected performance of projects with aggregate mean scores of 3.46, 3.42, 3.31 and 3.31 and Pearson correlation values of r= 0.515, r=0.736, r=0.765 and r=0.679 respectively. The regression model had an R Square value of 0.661 inferring that they explained 66.1% of project performance. However, it was established that the constituency did not have a strategic plan making coordination of development efforts disjointed. There were instances of projects that could not be identified on the ground, Poor documentation of project approvals and dissemination of information to stakeholders making it difficult to track projects absence of schedules and budgets hence no benchmark for measuring progress of cost and timelines. Many of the people charged with managing the projects lacked qualifications making it difficult to make appropriate judgments and there were many instances where communities were not involved in project management processes. Researcher recommends that there should be deliberate effort to align project objectives with organisation strategy, CDF funded projects must be evaluated to establish their feasibility, Constituency must build capacity to implement projects and community should be sufficiently involved in project identification and prioritisation. The CDF Act should be improved to ensure a more rigorous process of project identification, selection, evaluation and approval with minimum thresholds to be met before a project is accepted for funding. Further research should be undertaken on how to link project management with organisation strategy with particular reference to CDF funded projects.
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Thakur, Prof Tejaswini. "Arduino Controlled Battery Charger." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 03 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01356.
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In this project we will learn to use an Arduino and an attached charging circuit to control the charging of NiMH rechargeable batteries. Rechargeable batteries are a great way to power your portable electronics. They can save a lot of money when properly recycled. But it's much more fun to build one for yourself. So, here is how to build an Arduino controlled battery charger. Each type of battery uses a different chemical process to make it work. As a result, each type of battery needs to be charged differently. We are going to focus on the most common type of AA rechargeable battery, Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH). Battery Charger is designed for charging 12V sealed lead-acid batteries. The designed device consists Charging unit , Battery Housing Unit (Drawers) with their respective batteries insider the Drawers which can be charged simultaneously. Each Battery Housing Units provided with its driver circuit, transformer and power supply module. Power supply module is designed with thermal analysis & optimization and protection for EMI/EMC issues. Once the battery is connected to the circuit, it then displays battery charging condition. Battery charging level is displayed by LEDS and LCD is used to indicate the keyed input battery voltage and current through keypad 4X4 manually. Battery type and remaining charging time are displayed on screen during charging on LCD display. PIC 18f452 Microcontroller continuously monitors the battery condition and displays it on LCD. Charging stops when battery is fully charged, audio alarm is indicated with a buzzer and finally the ejection of the drawer tray for removal of the charged battery. This is advantageous as it prevents the battery from damage and over charging.
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McKinnon, David H., and Andrew Mainwaring. "The Charles Sturt University Remote Telescope Project: Astronomy for Primary School Students." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 17, no. 2 (2000): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as00125.
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AbstractThe Charles Sturt University Remote Telescope Project aims to make available to primary school students and their teachers a simple-to-use telescope and CCD camera set up over the Internet. Access to the telescope is supported by a 10 week curriculum unit of Astronomy activities. The telescope is not a robotic device. It is controllable in real time with images being transmitted to the user also in real time. Visitors to the site are able to view what is happening at the telescope without being able to take control of it. This paper describes the project, the software control system and the related curriculum activities. Discussion centres around how to ignite students' and teachers' interest in science and how projects such as this one may lead to more exciting coverage of important topics in the primary and lower secondary schools.
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DEARCE, M. "Correspondence of Charles Darwin on James Torbitt's project to breed blight-resistant potatoes." Archives of Natural History 35, no. 2 (2008): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954108000351.
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The most prolific of Darwin's correspondents from Ireland was James Torbitt, an enterprising grocer and wine merchant of 58 North Street, Belfast. Between February 1876 and March 1882, 141 letters were exchanged on the feasibility and ways of supporting one of Torbitt's commercial projects, the large-scale production and distribution of true potato seeds (Solan um tuberosum) to produce plants resistant to the late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans, the cause of repeated potato crop failures and thus the Irish famines in the nineteenth century. Ninety-three of these letters were exchanged between Torbitt and Darwin, and 48 between Darwin and third parties, seeking or offering help and advice on the project. Torbitt's project required selecting the small proportion of plants in an infested field that survived the infection, and using those as parents to produce seeds. This was a direct application of Darwin's principle of selection. Darwin cautiously lobbied high-ranking civil servants in London to obtain government funding for the project, and also provided his own personal financial support to Torbitt.
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Check, Erika. "Charges over computing project may set precedent." Nature 415, no. 6868 (2002): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415107b.
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Quigel, James. "Charged With Electricity: The IUE Archives Project." Labor History 38, no. 2-3 (1997): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00236649712331387108.
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Uhlmann, David. "Prosecutorial Discretion and Environmental Crime Redux: Charging Trends, Aggravating Factors, And Individual Outcome Data For 2005-2014." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 8.2 (2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.8.2.prosecutorial.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a 2014 article entitled “Prosecutorial Discretion and Environmental Crime,” I presented empirical data developed by student researchers participating in the Environmental Crimes Project at the University of Michigan Law School. My 2014 article reported that 96 percent of defendants investigated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and charged with federal environmental crimes from 2005 through 2010 engaged in conduct that involved at least one of the aggravating factors identified in my previous scholarship, namely significant harm, deceptive or misleading conduct, operating outside the regulatory system, and repetitive violations. On that basis, I concluded that prosecutors charged violations that included those aggravating factors in nearly every case over a six-year period—and that defendants who committed environmental violations that did not involve one of those aggravating factors were unlikely to face criminal charges. In this Article, I provide the latest data from the Environmental Crimes Project, which now includes defendants charged from 2005 through 2014. I again find that most defendants charged with federal environmental crimes committed violations that involved at least one of the four aggravating factors, with the levels even higher (98 percent of all defendants). I identify shifts in the data, the most notable of which are a dramatic drop in the number of cases and defendants charged during the last year of our data, a significant increase in the number of criminal charges brought under the Clean Air Act for non-asbestos abatement violations, and a nearly 40 percent increase in the percentage of defendants operating outside the regulatory system. I assess trends since Supreme Court decisions that restricted Clean Water Act jurisdiction and made federal sentencing guidelines advisory, and I analyze cases that fall outside my normative model and may pose questions about how prosecutors exercised their discretion. In addition, for the first time, I provide outcome data regarding environmental crime, which demonstrates that overall conviction rates are higher for environmental crime than in the federal system generally and for regulatory crime in particular, but are not as robust at trial. I also provide incarceration data, which shows that fewer environmental defendants are incarcerated than other regulatory crime defendants. I analyze whether there is any correlation between incarceration and the statutes charged, the presence of aggravating factors, or whether defendants plead guilty or are convicted after trial. The incarceration data shows a statistically significant correlation between the number of aggravating factors and whether a defendant is incarcerated. The incarceration data also shows a strong correlation between conviction at trial and incarceration, with defendants who are convicted at trial more than twice as likely to be sentenced to a period of incarceration than defendants who pleaded guilty.
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Alshboul, Odey, Mohammad A. Alzubaidi, Rabia Emhamed Al Mamlook, Ghassan Almasabha, Ali Saeed Almuflih, and Ali Shehadeh. "Forecasting Liquidated Damages via Machine Learning-Based Modified Regression Models for Highway Construction Projects." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 5835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105835.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sustainable construction projects are essential for economic and societal thriving in modern communities. However, infrastructural construction is usually accompanied by delays in project delivery, which impact sustainability. Such delays adversely affect project time, cost, quality, safety objective functions, and associated Liquidated Damages (LDs). LDs are monetary charges to recompense the owner for additional expenses sustained if the project was not delivered on time due to delays caused by the contractor. This paper proposes modified regression modeling using machine learning (ML) techniques to develop solutions to the problem of predicting LDs for construction projects. The novel modeling methodology presented here is based on six years of data collection from many construction projects across the United States. It represents an innovative use of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models hybridized with machine learning (ML). The proposed methodology is evaluated using real datasets, where the developed model is designed to outperform the state-of-the-art LD forecast accuracy. Herein, seven modified regression-based models showed high accuracy in predicting the LDs. Nevertheless, those models’ forecasting ability was limited, so another second-order prediction model is proposed to provide better LD estimations. Independent variables were categorized based on their influence on the estimated LDs. The Total Bid Amount variable had the highest impact, while the Funding Indicator variable had a minimal impact. LD prediction was negatively correlated with all change-order-related variables and Total Adjustment Days, which suggests that those variables introduce extreme uncertainties due to their complex nature. The developed prediction models help decision-makers make better LDs predictions, which is essential for construction project sustainability.
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Sechenova, M. V. "Modeling an investment process from taxation perspective under inflation." International Accounting 23, no. 12 (2020): 1404–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.23.12.1404.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Subject. The article discusses a model to evaluate the performance of investment projects taking into account taxation in the context of inflation. Objectives. The aim is to develop formal tools for investment project efficiency evaluation to unveil the impact of various taxation schemes on project performance under main types of inflation. Methods. The study draws on methods of systems analysis, economic-mathematical modeling, financial mathematics, statistical economics, and mathematical analysis. Results. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the impact of inflation on tax payments under various tax regimes when evaluating the investment project performance. I developed a method to calculate indicators of project performance under the main types of inflation, using an analytical model that considers tax expense under various tax treatment. Conclusions. The analytical model enables to elaborate the generalizing record of formal tools for investment process efficiency evaluation as applied to the specifics of tax payments in the investing activity of some enterprises. Calculations of investment project efficiency in the conditions of inflation in nominal and real cash flows are not equivalent because of the existence of non-indexed taxes and amortization charges. When calculating in real prices, it is necessary to consider this adjustment.
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Osei-Kyei, Robert, Albert P. C. Chan, and Ernest Effah Ameyaw. "A fuzzy synthetic evaluation analysis of operational management critical success factors for public-private partnership infrastructure projects." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 7 (2017): 2092–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-07-2016-0111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the factor groupings of a set of 19 critical success factors (CSFs) associated with managing public-private partnership (PPP) projects at the operational stage and examine the most significant factor grouping using fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) technique. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopted a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature and an empirical questionnaire survey geared towards targeted international PPP experts. Survey responses were analysed using factor analysis and FSE modelling. Findings The results from factor analysis show five CSF groupings (CSFGs) for managing operational PPPs. These are proficient service delivery and adequate legal structures, simplified payment mechanism and consistent project monitoring, effective contract variations management, suitable stakeholder management mechanism and environmental health and safety control. The FSE modelling shows that “simplified payment mechanism and consistent project monitoring”, is the most critical CSFG. The operational management CSFs under this grouping are acceptable level of user fee charges, efficient and well-structured payment mechanism, consistent project performance monitoring and long-term demand for public facility. Research limitations/implications The major limitation lies in the low sample size that was used for analysis; however the years of research and/or industrial experience of respondents and the wide coverage of different cultural backgrounds (18 countries from five regions globally) contribute to the authenticity of the survey responses. Future research should adopt interviews and case study analysis to unravel CSFs in managing operational PPPs. Originality/value The findings of this study are considerably beneficial to both public authorities and private operators. They inform practitioners of the strategic procedures and measures to employ in optimising the operational performance of PPP projects. Further, the methodology employed allows project management experts to reliably select the operational management CSFs for their projects.
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Ewell, Mary, and Padmanabhan Seshaiyer. "Project PROGRESS." Innovations in Teaching & Learning Conference Proceedings 8 (July 15, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.13021/g81s4c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Project PROGRESS (Promoting Renewable energy research On the Grid to create Responsible STEM workforce in Solar Sustainability) is a unique first-time multidisciplinary program that provides an ideal opportunity for all participants, including students, faculty, and the workforce in the state to learn through experience and research. Students in this course are charged to develop innovative ideas to grow and sustain renewable energy research in the commonwealth of Virginia through a hands-on, experiential, and project-based approach. This project has helped to promote the much needed awareness of the importance of community-based solar energy by engaging various stake-holders in studying its impact and assessing its benefits, while supporting and encouraging solar energy growth in Virginia. The Dominion Foundation, the philanthropic arm of the Dominion Power (Virginia), funded this experimental STEM course.The two principle outcomes of this project include: (a) Engaging students in a new hands-on course that will be developed called “STEM for Solar” and; (b) Engaging the students in self-directed research on a variety of projects involving Solar including Virginia energy issues, critical energy infrastructure, smart-grid technology, and sustainability.Project PROGRESS includes a multi-disciplinary team of faculty and experts from various disciplines and industry. Student research projects include developing new designs of technologies to make solar energy economical to storing solar energy and beyond. This course stands a model of collaboration between a local philanthropic organization and GMU. Many aspects of STEM and public policy, applicable to the entire student body of COS, and Engineering are reviewed.
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Richards, Delia Robinson. ""Barbershops Encouraging Black Boys to Read"." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 8 (2019): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss8.1672.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research project Involved interviewing Title I personnel in Charles County Public Schools and visiting six barbershop owners in Charles County Maryland who are a part of the Barbershop Books project. The visit to these barbershops included interviewing the owners of the barbershops as well as reviewing the books used in the project. These barbershops display a variety of books for young black boys to read while they are waiting to get their hair cut. These books are located on a small bookcase in the corner of the barbershops’ waiting area. The idea of books in the barbershops was to help improve reading skills for Black boys in elementary school. The project was purposed and funded by the Charles County Public Schools Title I Program. The literacy project began in August 2018. Mr. Alvin Irby, who is a former kindergarten teacher in New York City, is the founder of Barbershop Books.
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Schmitz-von Ledebur, Katja. "Emperor Charles V Captures Tunis: a Unique Set of Tapestry Cartoons." Studia Bruxellae N° 11, no. 1 (2019): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/stud.011.0387.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La série de tapisseries représentant la campagne militaire de Charles Quint (1500-1558) contre les Turcs à Tunis est l’une des plus chères et des plus ambitieuses commandées par l’empereur. Mais c’est aussi l’un des projets les mieux documentés dans le domaine des tapisseries du XVIe siècle. Les dessins pour les douze tapisseries de la série ont été exécutés onze ans après la campagne par l’artiste de cour Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen (env. 1500-1559). Il fut aidé par le peintre flamand Pieter Coecke van Aelst (1502-1550) pour la réalisation des cartons à taille réelle. Au XVIIIe siècle, les dix cartons restants (deux furent perdus) furent réutilisés en vue d’une série pour le compte de l’empereur Charles VI (1685–1740), qui aimait à se comparer à Charles Quint et poursuivait à maints égards la tradition de ce dernier. Il chargea Judocus de Vos d’effectuer des tapisseries sur le modèle des cartons originels. Les cartons préservés figurent parmi les pièces maîtresses du Kunsthistorisches Museum de Vienne. Ces objets uniques sont exposés depuis l’ouverture du musée en 1891. L’exposé se focalisera d’une part sur la contribution de Coecke au projet ainsi que sur l’histoire des cartons jusqu’à leur présentation à Vienne. D’autre part, nous examinerons la révision des cartons en vue du retissage au XVIIIe siècle et la relation entre les cartons et la série tissée pour le compte de Charles VI.
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DABAGOV, S. B., M. FERRARIO, L. PALUMBO, and L. SERAFINI. "CHANNELING PROJECTS AT LNF: FROM CRYSTAL UNDULATORS TO CAPILLARY WAVEGUIDES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 23 (2007): 4280–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037834.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Frascati's National Laboratories (LNF INFN) are well known in the world for pioneering research in the particle interaction and synchrotron radiation physics fields. Good experience in designing accelerators, storage rings and beamlines for synchrotron radiation allows presently LNF to be in the frontier for the construction of new X-ray generation sources. This report is an introduction to new research activity "Coherent Scattering Phenomena for Radiations in Solids" started in Frascati within the approved projects SPARC, SPARX and PLASMON-X. The main purpose of the project is to develop research area for studying the channeling phenomena of charged and neutral particles in periodic solid structures.
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Choi, Eunhee, Jenna Raymond, and Margit Hentschel. "Facilitating Course Connections and Transitions to Project Closure in Service Learning." Journal of Experiential Education 41, no. 4 (2018): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053825918804570.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background:The ability to forge connections between academic study and real-world experience is essential in service learning (SL). Furthermore, the transition out of SL projects can be emotionally charged for both students and service recipients; yet, little research has been conducted on this topic. Purpose: This study aimed (a) to compare students’ ability to forge connections between course content and service experience and (b) to compare the transition out of their SL project between the 2016 and 2017 cohorts. Methodology/Approach: Mixed methods were used for the comparison. T tests were conducted to compare differences in the exam scores between the two cohorts. Summative content analysis was used to compare students’ weekly reflection journals for the two cohorts. Findings/Conclusions: Students were better able to make such connections when they were explicitly guided with prompting questions based on each week’s lecture topics. Students also transitioned out of their projects more smoothly when provided with a lecture, abundant reflection opportunities, and more instructor coaching. Exam scores, however, showed no statistical differences between the cohorts. Implications: Intentional efforts must be made to ensure that students relate course content to their service experience. Providing guidance on transitioning to project closure would also benefit students.