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1

Theodoraki, M. N., S. Laban, E. K. Jackson, et al. "Changes in circulating exosome molecular profiles following surgery/(chemo)radiotherapy: early detection of response in head and neck cancer patients." British Journal of Cancer 125, no. 12 (2021): 1677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01567-8.

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Abstract Background Head and neck cancers (HNSCC) are highly immunosuppressive. Plasma-derived exosomes of HNSCC patients carry immunomodulatory molecules, and their cargo correlates with clinical parameters. Here, we evaluated the exosomal molecular profile for early detection of treatment failure in locally advanced HNSCC patients treated with conventional therapy. Methods Plasma from 17 HNSCC patients was collected before, during, and after treatment by surgery with adjuvant (chemo)radiation and at recurrence. Exosomes were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography. Total exosomal protein (
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Soda, Narshone, Bernd H. A. Rehm, Prashant Sonar, Nam-Trung Nguyen, and Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky. "Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 7, no. 43 (2019): 6670–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb01490j.

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In this review, we have summarised the biogenesis, biological significance, isolation and detection technologies of four widely known circulating biomarkers namely circulating tumour cells, circulating tumor specific DNA, microRNA, and exosomes.
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Mehrabi, Ayshin. "Deciphering the Role of AMPK in Regulating Integrin Profile of Tumor-Derived Exosomes as a Potential Antimetastatic Strategy." Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal 8, no. 7 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26685/urncst.560.

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Introduction: Cancer cell adapt their metabolic activity to survive in stressful environments with limited nutrients and oxygen. To sense and respond to nutrient cues, cells rely on a “fuel gauge” protein known as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). While previous work has largely focused on AMPK’s role in cell metabolism, its role in metastasis is poorly defined. Interestingly, AMPK also regulates the membrane trafficking of integrins – key proteins in cell adhesion and migration. Recent studies have also shown that circulating integrins in exosomes are predictive of metastasis. Therefore, u
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Nardin, Charlee, Marine Cordonnier, Gaetan Chanteloup, et al. "Circulating PD-L1-exosomes to monitor tumor response in melanoma patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 9517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9517.

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9517 Background: In the era of effective molecular targeted treatments and immunotherapies, there is an urgent need to implement the use of circulating biomarkers in the clinic to facilitate personalized therapy and predict treatment response. We conducted a retrospective study to demonstrate the involvement of circulating PD-L1 exosomes in melanoma patients. Methods: One hundred melanoma patients were included. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis using a NS300 Instrument (Nanosight, Amesbury, UK). Isolated exosomes were tested for the
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Buscail, Etienne, Charlotte Maulat, Fabrice Muscari, et al. "Liquid Biopsy Approach for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma." Cancers 11, no. 6 (2019): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060852.

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Pancreatic cancer is a public health problem because of its increasing incidence, the absence of early diagnostic tools, and its aggressiveness. Despite recent progress in chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate remains below 5%. Liquid biopsies are of particular interest from a clinical point of view because they are non-invasive biomarkers released by primary tumours and metastases, remotely reflecting disease burden. Pilot studies have been conducted in pancreatic cancer patients evaluating the detection of circulating tumour cells, cell-free circulating tumour DNA, exosomes, and tumour-educ
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Yang, Sujin, Tian-cheng Cheng, Jia-hao Wu, and Wei-xian Chen. "Abstract PO1-23-08: Exosome-based delivery of microRNAs confers adriamycin-resistance to sensitive cells through modulating the immune and metabolism-related gene PTEN in HER2-negative breast cancer." Cancer Research 84, no. 9_Supplement (2024): PO1–23–08—PO1–23–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po1-23-08.

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Abstract Background: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is widely used to treat breast cancer. However, acquired drug resistance remains a challenge to successful treatment. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that changes in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), in addition to increasing drug resistance of tumour cells, consistently contribute to the development of chemoresistance. Methods: TIME scores and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) scores were used to investigate the prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics and gene transcriptome profiling of HER2-negative breast can
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R, Dr Kalyani. "Liquid Biopsy : An emerging concept for diagnosis and management of cancer." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 09, no. 4 (2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v09i4.4.

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Tumour diagnosis is conventionally done by radiological findings and invasive surgical biopsy. Of late non-invasive technique where blood sample, urine and body fluids are used to extract circulating tumour cells (CTC) and genetic material for cancer diagnosis and treatment which is called as “Liquid Biopsy”.1,2 In this technique the liquid sample is used to isolate CTC, circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), RNA, Exosomes and proteins which are shed by tumour cells into blood circulation, body fluids or urine in most of the cancers depending on the site of the can-cer. This technique enables non-inv
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Jackson, Hannah K., Franziska Linke, Ian Kerr, and Beth Coyle. "MBRS-27. EXOSOMES CARRY DISTINCT miRNAs THAT DRIVE MEDULLOBLASTOMA PROGRESSION." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (2020): iii403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.542.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an ideal source of functional biomarkers due to their role in intercellular communication and their ability to protect cargo, including RNA, from degradation. The most investigated EV’s are exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by all cell types and able to cross the blood-brain-barrier. Here we characterised the RNA of exosomes isolated from medulloblastoma cell lines, with the aim of investigating exosomal RNA cargo as potential functional biomarkers for medulloblastoma. METHODS Exosomes derived from a panel of matched (original tumour a
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Whiteside, Theresa L. "Immune modulation of T-cell and NK (natural killer) cell activities by TEXs (tumour-derived exosomes)." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 1 (2013): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120265.

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Body fluids of cancer patients contain TEXs (tumour-derived exosomes). Tumours release large quantities of TEXs, and the protein content of exosome or MV (microvesicle) fractions isolated from patients’ sera is high. TEXs down-regulate functions of immune cells, thus promoting tumour progression. We isolated TEXs from tumour cell supernatants and sera of patients with solid tumours or AML (acute myelogenous leukaemia). The molecular profile of TEXs was distinct from that of circulating exosomes derived from normal cells. TEXs were co-incubated with activated T-cells, conventional CD4+CD25neg T
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Manier, Salomon, Erica N. Boswell, Siobhan Glavey, et al. "Mirna Expression Profiling and Proteomic Analysis Of Circulating Exosomes From Multiple Myeloma Patients." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3086.3086.

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Abstract Introduction Exosomes are small vesicles (50-100 nm) of endocytic origin, which are released in the extra-cellular milieu by several cell types. It is known that cell-to-cell communication is partially mediated by exosomes. Exosomes play a role in tumor progression where they have been shown to carry and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins to the recipient cells. In this study, we sought to characterize circulating exosomes in terms of their ability to modulate the microenvironment, leading to Multiple Myeloma (MM) progression. Method Exosomes were collected from peripheral blood
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Alharbi, Mona, Andrew Lai, Dominic Guanzon, et al. "Ovarian cancer-derived exosomes promote tumour metastasis in vivo: an effect modulated by the invasiveness capacity of their originating cells." Clinical Science 133, no. 13 (2019): 1401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20190082.

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Abstract Exosomes are small nanovesicles that carry bioactive molecules which can be delivered to neighbouring cells to modify their biological functions. Studies have showed that exosomes from ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells can alter the cell migration and proliferation of cells within the tumour microenvironment, an effect modulated by the invasiveness capacity of their originating cells. Using an OVCA cell line xenograph mouse model, we showed that exosomes derived from a high invasiveness capacity cell line (exo-SKOV-3) promoted metastasis in vivo compared with exosomes from a low invasivenes
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Wang, Jiaan-Der, Ya-Yu Wang, Shih-Yi Lin, et al. "Exosomal HMGB1 Promoted Cancer Malignancy." Cancers 13, no. 4 (2021): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040877.

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Reciprocal crosstalk between platelets and malignancies underscores the potential of antiplatelet therapy in cancer treatment. In this study, we found that human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cell-differentiated megakaryocytes and murine platelets produced bioactive substances and these are released into the extracellular space, partly in their exosomal form. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a type of exosomal cargo, and the antiplatelet drugs aspirin and dipyridamole interfered with its incorporation into the exosomes. Those released substances and exosomes, along with exogenous HMGB1, pr
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Vaidya, Manjusha, and Kiminobu Sugaya. "DNA Associated with Circulating Exosomes as a Biomarker for Glioma." Genes 11, no. 11 (2020): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11111276.

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Cancerous and non-cancerous cells secrete exosomes, a type of nanovesicle known to carry the molecular signature of the parent for intercellular communications. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells carry abnormal DNA, RNA, and protein molecules that reflect the cancerous status. DNA is the master molecule that ultimately affects the function of RNA and proteins. Aberrations in DNA can potentially lead a cell to malignancy. Deviant quantities and the differential sequences of exosomal DNA are useful characteristics as cancer biomarkers. Since these alterations are either associated with specific st
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Xu, Emily, Katharine Krueger, Jonathan Sussman, et al. "TMIC-22. IDENTIFICATION OF EXOSOME MIRNA-MRNA INTERACTIONS IN THE GLIOMA TUMOR IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (2023): v282—v283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.1088.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Exosomes have emerged as key local and systemic immune modulators in glioma, particularly in tumors with an IDH mutation. However, the exact mechanism by which these vehicles communicate with the tumor immune microenvironment warrants further exploration. We sought to identify exosomal miRNA differences in discrete genomic subsets in glioma and predict potential mRNA targets in tumor immune cell populations. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from IDH wild-type (IDHwt) and IDH mutant (IDHm) glioma organoids using ultracentrifugation. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and western
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Yang, Sujin, Bei Zhu, Jia-hao Wu, Tian-cheng Cheng, Lin Zheng, and Wei-xian Chen. "Exosome-delivered microRNAs confer adriamycin-resistance through modulating the immune and metabolism-related gene PTEN in HER2-negative breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): e12500-e12500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e12500.

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e12500 Background: Anthracycline is widely used in breast cancer (BCa) chemotherapy, but acquired drug resistance remains a challenge. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) consistently contribute to the development of chemoresistance. Methods: TIME scores and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) scores were used to investigate the prognosis, characteristics and gene transcriptomic profiling of HER2-negative BCa patients who received anthracycline chemotherapy. Exosomes from MCF/7-ADR (ADR-exos) and MCF/7-S cell lines were characterized. Dysre
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Schroeder, Jan C., Lisa Puntigam, Linda Hofmann, et al. "Circulating Exosomes Inhibit B Cell Proliferation and Activity." Cancers 12, no. 8 (2020): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082110.

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(1) Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by a distinctive suppression of the anti-tumor immunity, both locally in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the periphery. Tumor-derived exosomes mediate this immune suppression by directly suppressing T effector function and by inducing differentiation of regulatory T cells. However, little is known about the effects of exosomes on B cells. (2) Methods: Peripheral B cells from healthy donors and HNSCC patients were isolated and checkpoint receptor expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Circulating exosomes we
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Ledet, Elisa M., Ratish Gambhira, Aryeneesh Dotiwala, Diptasri Mandal, and Oliver Sartor. "Next-generation sequencing of circulating exosomal RNA from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.233.

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233 Background: PCa has proven to be an extraordinarily complex disease, with both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Exosomes are membranous nano-sized (50-100nm) vesicles derived from both normal and tumor cells, and function in cell-to-cell communication. These vesicles and their nucleic acid cargo may serve as a peripheral biomarker for genetic risk assessment of PCa prognosis and therapeutic response. The goal of this study was to characterize exosome derived RNA (exoRNA) isolated from blood of metastatic CRPC patients. Methods: Blood samples from 18 consented clinically annotated mCRP
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Herrera, Mercedes, Cristina Galindo-Pumariño, Vanesa García-Barberán, and Cristina Peña. "A Snapshot of The Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer: The Liquid Biopsy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 6016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236016.

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The molecular profile of liquid biopsies is emerging as an alternative to tissue biopsies in the clinical management of malignant diseases. In colorectal cancer, significant liquid biopsy-based biomarkers have demonstrated an ability to discriminate between asymptomatic cancer patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, this non-invasive approach appears to provide relevant information regarding the stratification of tumors with different prognoses and the monitoring of treatment responses. This review focuses on the tumor microenvironment components which are detected in blood samples of colo
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Li, Chunmei, Xiaoming Hou, Peng Zhang, et al. "Exosome-based Tumor Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges." Current Drug Metabolism 21, no. 5 (2020): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200221666200515103354.

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Background: Exosomes play an important role in transferring information among different cell types, as they transport materials from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm. They are involved not only in normal physiological functions, but also in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Cancer is a major health problem affecting humans. Currently, exosomes are considered novel stars in tumor therapy. Objective: To present a review focusing on the role of exosomes in tumorigenesis and development and the possibility of treating tumors with exosome-targeted therapies or using exosome
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Somov, Anton, Natalya Yunusova, Tatyana Shtam, et al. "ADAM-10 ON THE SURFACE OF EXOSOMES FROM BREAST CANCER PATIENTS BLOOD: NEWLY MECHANISMS TUMOR DISSEMINATION." Problems in oncology 65, no. 5 (2019): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-5-678-683.

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It is known that exosomes are involved in the cancer development, including by increasing the motility of tumor cells and increasing their invasive potential. Since it is not clear how involved the exosomes associated with the blood cell surface are in the dissemination of the tumor process, this paper is devoted to assessing the level of tetraspanin-associated metal-loproteinase ADAM-10 on the surface of plasma exosomes and total exosomes of blood of clinically healthy women (n = 30), patients with mastopathy (n = 28) and breast cancer (n = 32). Microvesicles from blood samples and culture me
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Głuszko, Alicja, Mirosław J. Szczepański, Nils Ludwig, Shafaq M. Mirza, and Wioletta Olejarz. "Exosomes in Cancer: Circulating Immune-Related Biomarkers." BioMed Research International 2019 (December 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1628029.

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Exosomes, the smallest vesicles (30–100 nm) among multivesicular bodies, are released by all body cells including tumor cells. The cargo they transfer plays an important role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) maintain interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests that tumor cells release a large number of exosomes, which may not only influence proximal tumor cells and stromal cells in the local microenvironment but can also exert systemic effects as they are circulating in the blood. TEXs have been shown to boost tumor growth
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Konoshenko, Maria, Georgy Sagaradze, Evgeniya Orlova, et al. "Total Blood Exosomes in Breast Cancer: Potential Role in Crucial Steps of Tumorigenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (2020): 7341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197341.

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Exosomes are crucial players in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in tumorigenesis. There are two fractions of blood circulating exosomes: free and cell-surface-associated. Here, we compared the effect of total blood exosomes (contain plasma exosomes and blood cell-surface-associated exosomes) and plasma exosomes from breast cancer patients (BCPs, n = 43) and healthy females (HFs, n = 35) on crucial steps of tumor progression. Exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration, followed by ultracentrifugation, and characterized by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), nanoparticle tracking anal
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Santangelo, Laura, Cecilia Battistelli, Claudia Montaldo, Franca Citarella, Raffaele Strippoli, and Carla Cicchini. "Functional Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2931813.

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Exosomes are important in intercellular communication. They assure the horizontal transfer of specific functional contents (i.e., proteins, lipids, RNA molecules, and circulating DNA) from donor to recipient cells. Notably, tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) appear to be an important vehicle of specific signals in cancer, impacting on tumor growth and metastasis. Recent researches point to the characterization of exosomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), the major adult liver malignancy. In this review, we summarize current findings on HCC exosomes, focusing on the identification of noncoding RNA
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Negroni, Catarina, Emanuela Ercolano, Claire Adams, et al. "CBMT-06. HIGH LEVELS OF GATA-4 IN MALIGNANT MENINGIOMA LEAD TO LOWER miR-497~195 CLUSTER EXPRESSION IN TISSUE AND BLOOD." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (2019): vi33—vi34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.128.

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Abstract Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial brain tumour, classified as benign (WHO I, 70%), atypical (WHO II, 30%) and anaplastic/malignant (WHO III, 1–3%). The 3-year recurrence rate for WHO I tumours is 40% and it is much higher in WHO II-III1. To date, meningioma classification is based only on histopathological characterization, and no circulating biomarkers have been identified to predict tumour progression2. Indeed, microRNAs are promising circulating biomarkers because they can be released from tumour cells into the blood stream via exosomes, showing potential to be use
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Wong, Grace L., Sara Abu Jalboush, and Hui-Wen Lo. "Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis." Cancers 12, no. 7 (2020): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071827.

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Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cancer is responsible for 90% of breast cancer-related deaths while only accounting for approximately one third of all breast cancer cases. To help develop effective treatments for metastatic breast cancer, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasiz
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Anand Gudur, Et al. "Liquid Biopsies in Oncology: Revolutionizing Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 8 (2023): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i8.9433.

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Oncology has been transformed by liquid biopsies, which offer non-invasive techniques for cancer detection and tracking. This article examines how circulating tumour cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and their therapeutic uses might revolutionise cancer therapy. CTCs provide information on tumour heterogeneity and metastatic potential since they are excreted from primary or metastatic tumours. Released by necrotic or apoptotic tumour cells, cfDNA is a genetically altered material that helps track the effectiveness of therapy. EVs
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Logozzi, Mariantonia, Nicola Salvatore Orefice, Rossella Di Raimo, Davide Mizzoni, and Stefano Fais. "The Importance of Detecting, Quantifying, and Characterizing Exosomes as a New Diagnostic/Prognostic Approach for Tumor Patients." Cancers 15, no. 11 (2023): 2878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15112878.

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of nanometric size studied for their role in tumor pathogenesis and progression and as a new source of tumor biomarkers. The clinical studies have provided encouraging but probably unexpected results, including the exosome plasmatic levels’ clinical relevance and well-known biomarkers’ overexpression on the circulating EVs. The technical approach to obtaining EVs includes methods to physically purify EVs and characterize EVs, such as Nanosight Tracking Analysis (NTA), immunocapture-based ELISA, and nano-scale flow cytometry. Based on the above approach
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Vautrot, Valentin, Gaëtan Chanteloup, Mohammed Elmallah, et al. "Exosomal miRNA: Small Molecules, Big Impact in Colorectal Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8585276.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many cell types including stromal cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. The TME modulation explains the heterogeneity of response to therapy observed in patients. In this context, exosomes are emerging as major contributors in cancer biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and premetastatic niche formation. They contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs. More recently, many studies on exosomes ha
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Nimir, Mohammed, Yafeng Ma, Sarah A. Jeffreys, et al. "Detection of AR-V7 in Liquid Biopsies of Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients: A Comparison of AR-V7 Analysis in Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Tumor RNA and Exosomes." Cells 8, no. 7 (2019): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070688.

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Detection of androgen receptor (AR) variant 7 (AR-V7) is emerging as a clinically important biomarker in castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Detection is possible from tumor tissue, which is often inaccessible in the advanced disease setting. With recent progress in detecting AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) and exosomes from prostate cancer patients, liquid biopsies have emerged as an alternative to tumor biopsy. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether these approaches differ in sensitivity in order to achieve the best possible biomarker char
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Fang, Xingbao, Yongping Xu, Kezhi Li, et al. "Exosomal lncRNA PCAT1 Promotes Tumor Circulating Cell-Mediated Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis by Regulating the Activity of the miR-329-3p/Netrin-1-CD146 Complex." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (August 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9916228.

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Objective. This study explored the colorectal cancer exosome lncRNA prostate cancer associated transcript 1– (PCAT1) mediated circulating tumors and the mechanism of cell colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Methods. Exosomes were extracted from the primary colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines HCT116 and SW480 and cultured with T84 and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells. The expression of PCAT1 and miR-329-3p was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the expression of Netrin-1, CD146, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins was det
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Loft, Matthew, Belinda Lee, Jeanne Tie, and Peter Gibbs. "Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumour DNA in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma." Journal of Personalized Medicine 9, no. 3 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm9030037.

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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains one of the most aggressive cancers with an ongoing dismal survival rate despite some recent advances in treatment options. This is largely due to the typically late presentation and limited effective therapeutic options in advanced disease. There are numerous circulating biomarkers that have potential clinical application as tumour markers, including circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free RNA (cfRNA), exosomes and circulating tumour proteins. This review will focus on the development of ctDNA as a non-invasive liquid biopsy,
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Manier, Salomon, Herve Avet-Loiseau, Federico Campigotto, et al. "Prognostic Value of Circulating Exosomal microRNAs in 112 Patients with Multiple Myeloma." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2056.2056.

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Abstract Introduction.Exosomes are small vesicles (50-100 nm) of endocytic origin, which are released in the extra-cellular milieu by several cell types. Exosomes play a role in tumor progression since they have been shown to carry and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to recipient cells. In this study, we sought to characterize circulating exosomes in Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients and to assess the prognostic value of circulating exosomal miRNAs in a cohort of 112 newly diagnosed MM patients. Methods. Exosomes were isolated from peripheral blood (serum samples) using an ultracentrifugation protoco
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Xu, Emily, Jonathan Patterson, and Nduka Amankulor. "351 Mechanisms of exosome-mediated immunosuppression in IDH mutant gliomas." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 9, s1 (2025): 108. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.978.

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Objectives/Goals: We aim to identify how IDH mutant (IDHm) gliomas use exosomes to modulate the local and systemic immune system. We will do so by characterizing differential miRNA expression between IDHm and IDH wild type (IDHwt) exosomes and identifying the specific immune cell population targeted by exosomes in vivo. Methods/Study Population: Exosome RNA will be isolated from cultured patient glioma samples and perform small RNA sequencing to investigate differential expression of miRNA between IDHwt and IDHm exosomes. We will then utilize miRNA target databases in conjunction with bioinfor
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Shin, Hyunku, Seunghyun Oh, Soonwoo Hong, et al. "Liquid biopsy of lung cancer by deep learning and spectroscopic analysis of circulating exosomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e15532-e15532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15532.

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e15532 Background: Lung cancer has a high mortality rate because of belated diagnosis at advanced stages beyond the treatable condition. Early detection of lung cancer can improve the survival rate. A liquid biopsy that detects tumor-related biomarkers in body fluids has a great potential for the purpose. Particularly, tumor-derived exosomes in blood have been proposed as a promising biomarker. The tumor-derived exosomes carry molecules of their parental cells; thus, they provide information about the tumor in the body. Unfortunately, exosomal markers conducive to the early detection of lung c
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Shen, Shichen, Chengjian Tu, He Shen, et al. "Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Exosomes Identifies Key Pathways and Protein Markers Related to Breast Cancer Metastasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044033.

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Proteomics analysis of circulating exosomes derived from cancer cells represents a promising approach to the elucidation of cell–cell communication and the discovery of putative biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nonetheless, the proteome of exosomes derived from cell lines with different metastatic capabilities still warrants further investigation. Here, we present a comprehensive quantitative proteomics investigation of exosomes isolated from immortalized mammary epithelial cells and matched tumor lines with different metastatic potentials in an attempt to discover exos
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Ye, Lingxiao, Zhengxin Zhu, Xiaochuan Chen, et al. "The Importance of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Progression and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target." Cells 10, no. 11 (2021): 3247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113247.

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Binding of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can lead to the inactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which is one of the mechanisms for immune escape of tumors. Immunotherapy based on this mechanism has been applied in clinic with some remaining issues such as drug resistance. Exosomal PD-L1 derived from tumor cells is considered to play a key role in mediating drug resistance. Here, the effects of various tumor-derived exosomes and tumor-derived exosomal PD-L1 on tumor progression are summarized and discussed. Researchers have found
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Munnings, Ryan, Peter Gibbs, and Belinda Lee. "Evolution of Liquid Biopsies for Detecting Pancreatic Cancer." Cancers 16, no. 19 (2024): 3335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16193335.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy characterised by late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Despite advancements, current diagnostic and prognostic strategies remain limited. Liquid biopsy techniques, including circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour exosomes, and proteomics, offer potential solutions to improve PDAC diagnosis, prognostication, and management. A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE identified studies published between 2019 and 2024, focusing on liquid biopsy biomarkers for PDAC. A total of 49 articles were include
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Mitchell, Megan I., Junfeng Ma, Claire L. Carter, and Olivier Loudig. "Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility." Cancers 14, no. 14 (2022): 3350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143350.

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Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique “silver bullet” cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the
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Manier, Salomon, Erica N. Boswell, Antonio Sacco, et al. "Comparative miRNA Expression Profiling of Circulating Exosomes From MGUS and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Patients." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 3975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3975.3975.

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Abstract Abstract 3975 Introduction. Exosomes are small vesicles (50–100 nm) of endocytic origin, which are released in the extra-cellular milieu by several cell types. It is known that cell-to-cell communication is partially mediated by exosomes. The role of exosomes has been shown in tumor progression, due to their ability to carry and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to the recipient cells. In this study, we sought to examine the role of circulating exosomes in modulating transition from a monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS) stage to a smoldering myeloma (SMM) stage. Method.
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Merdalimova, Anastasiia, Vasiliy Chernyshev, Daniil Nozdriukhin, Polina Rudakovskaya, Dmitry Gorin, and Alexey Yashchenok. "Identification and Analysis of Exosomes by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061135.

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The concept of liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel approach for cancer screening, which is based on the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers in body fluids. Among the various circulating cancer biomarkers, including Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes have attracted tremendous attention due to their ability to diagnose cancer in its early stages with high efficiency. Recently, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been applied for the detection of cancer exosomes due to its high sensitivity, specif
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Edward Raju Gope, Santhosh Kumar Sorapalli, Kishore Babu Kagitha, et al. "Current Status of Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Cancer." Journal of Pharma Insights and Research 3, no. 1 (2025): 286–96. https://doi.org/10.69613/m689kn10.

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Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool in cancer management, which offers real-time molecular information about tumor biology. The analysis of circulating biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, and microRNAs, provides valuable information about tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and treatment response. These biomarkers enable early cancer detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic decision-making while overcoming the limitations of traditional tissue biopsies. CTCs serve as direct representatives of
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Valencia, Karmele, and Luis M. Montuenga. "Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy: The Nanometric World in the Pursuit of Precision Oncology." Cancers 13, no. 9 (2021): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092147.

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Among the different components that can be analyzed in liquid biopsy, the utility of exosomes is particularly promising because of their presence in all biological fluids and their potential for multicomponent analyses. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with an average size of ~100 nm in diameter with an endosomal origin. All eukaryotic cells release exosomes as part of their active physiology. In an oncologic patient, up to 10% of all the circulating exosomes are estimated to be tumor-derived exosomes. Exosome content mirrors the features of its cell of origin in terms of DNA, RNA, lipids,
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Zhang, Wei, Wenjie Xia, Zhengye Lv, Chao Ni, Yin Xin, and Liu Yang. "Liquid Biopsy for Cancer: Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Free DNA or Exosomes?" Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 41, no. 2 (2017): 755–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000458736.

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Precision medicine and personalized medicine are based on the development of biomarkers, and liquid biopsy has been reported to be able to detect biomarkers that carry information on tumor development and progression. Compared with traditional ‘solid biopsy’, which cannot always be performed to determine tumor dynamics, liquid biopsy has notable advantages in that it is a noninvasive modality that can provide diagnostic and prognostic information prior to treatment, during treatment and during progression. In this review, we describe the source, characteristics, technology for detection and cu
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Gold, Bert, Milena Cankovic, Larissa V. Furtado, Frederick Meier, and Christopher D. Gocke. "Do Circulating Tumor Cells, Exosomes, and Circulating Tumor Nucleic Acids Have Clinical Utility?" Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 17, no. 3 (2015): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.02.001.

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Novais, Adriana Alonso, Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo, Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa, and Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari. "Decoding Hidden Messengers: Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes in Mammary Cancer Research." Biomedicines 11, no. 10 (2023): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102839.

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Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, influenced by various factors that affect its progression and response to treatment. Although a histopathological diagnosis is crucial for identifying and classifying cancer, it may not accurately predict the disease’s development and evolution in all cases. To address this limitation, liquid biopsy has emerged as a valuable tool, enabling a more precise and non-invasive analysis of cancer. Liquid biopsy can detect tumor DNA fragments, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes released by cancer cells into the bloodstream. Exosomes attracted significa
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Mougiakakos, Dimitrios, Heiko Bruns, Martin Böttcher, et al. "Vitamin D Blocks CLL Cell-Mediated MDSC Induction." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 4355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4355.4355.

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Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the leukemia with the highest incidence amongst adults. CLL-associated immune defects promote tumor immune escape and antagonize immune-based therapies. We and others have reported the accumulation of so-called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in CLL. Accumulation of immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlow monocytic MDSCs is associated with advanced disease and poor prognosis. The mechanisms re-polarizing CLL-monocytes remain unknown. Here, we describe that CLL-cell-derived exosomes elicit a phenotypical and functional skewing of regular monocyte
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Ko, Sheung-Fat, Hon-Kan Yip, Yen-Yi Zhen, et al. "Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Suppress Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth in a Rat Model: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, Natural Killer T-Cell Responses, and Histopathological Features." Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/853506.

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We sought to evaluate the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) exosomes on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), natural killer T-cell (NKT-cell) responses, and histopathological features. ADMSC-derived exosomes appeared as nanoparticles (30–90 nm) on electron microscopy and were positive for CD63, tumor susceptibility gene-101, andβ-catenin on western blotting. The control (n=8) and exosome-treated (n=8) rats with N1S1-induced HCC underwent baseline and posttreatment day 10 and day 20 magnetic resonance imaging and measurement
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Gorczynski, R. M., Nuray Erin, and Fang Zhu. "Mice with highly metastatic breast cancer transfer express exosomes in serum which increase metastatic capacity of a poorly metastatic tumor." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 144.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.144.15.

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Abstract Altered interaction between CD200 and CD200R, represents an example of “checkpoint blockade” disrupting an effective, tumor-directed, host response in murine breast cancer cells. In CD200R1KO mice, long-term cure of EMT6 breast cancer, including metastatic spread to lung and liver, was achieved in BALB/c mice. The reverse was observed with 4THM tumors, an aggressive, inflammatory breast cancer, with increased tumor metastasis in CD200R1KO. To explore possible explanations for this difference we measured the frequency of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of tumor beare
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Malek, A. V., R. B. Samsonov, and A. Chiesi. "DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER DIAGNOSTICS AND MONITORING METHODS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF TUMOR-DERIVED EXOSOMES." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 14, no. 4 (2015): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2015-14-4-9-18.

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Exosomes are small (80 - 130 nm) membrane vesicles secreted by virtually all cell types. The main physiological function of exosomes is considered to transfer substance and information from cell to cell. The biochemical composition of exosomes retains similarities with the cell of origin and reflects their endosomal biogenesis; moreover exosomes contain various signaling and regulatory molecules, components of the extracellular matrix and enzymes. Malignant transformation is associated with the activation of the exosomes secretion by cells. Cancer cell - derived exosomes are shown to play esse
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Yamada, Takeshi, Koki Hayashi, Kyoichi Oshiro, et al. "Abstract 1146: Identification of genetic mutations using circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and exosomes in patients with colorectal cancer." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 1146. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-1146.

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Abstract Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are expected to provide various types of information about tumors. However, their low abundance in the bloodstream poses a challenge to obtaining a sufficient quantity for analysis. For detecting genetic mutations, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has higher sensitivity. We previously reported that the sensitivity of detecting RAS mutation using ELESTA CROSSORTER (AFI Technology) is only 10.3%. Thus, we improved our system to enhance the sensitivity of detecting gene mutations using CTC, and compared the gene identification sensitivity of CTCs
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