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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Climatic changes – Benin »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 1 février 2022

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1

Agbazo, Médard Noukpo, Gabin Koto N’Gobi, Eric Alamou, Basile Kounouhewa, and Abel Afouda. "Assessing Nonlinear Dynamics and Trends in Precipitation by Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Fractal Approach in Benin Republic (West Africa)." Complexity 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3689397.

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Climate dynamics and trends have significant environmental and socioeconomic impacts; however, in the Benin Republic, they are generally studied with diverse statistical methods ignoring the nonstationarity, nonlinearity, and self-similarity characteristics contained in precipitation time series. This can lead to erroneous conclusions and an unclear understanding of climatic dynamics. Based on daily precipitation data observed in the six synoptic stations of Benin Republic, in the period from 1951 to 2010, we have proposed (i) determining the local trends of precipitations, (ii) investigating

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Baudoin, Marie-Ange, Aida Cuni Sanchez, and Belarmain Fandohan. "Small scale farmers’ vulnerability to climatic changes in southern Benin: the importance of farmers’ perceptions of existing institutions." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 19, no. 8 (2013): 1195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9468-9.

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Hesse-Biber, Sharlene. "The Role of Hybrid Methodologies in Understanding Complex Environmental Issues and Promoting Social Justice." International Journal for Transformative Research 6, no. 1 (2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijtr-2019-0004.

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Abstract Climate adaptation research often ignores the broader socio-cultural human sphere within which climate change takes place. Dominant viewpoints on climate adaptation derive from the biophysical world that often excludes social, economic, and political contexts that also connect to biophysical changes. Hybrid methodological mixed methods approaches to climate adaptation provide paradigmatically different questions. This perspective is useful for identifying socio-cultural aspects of climatic adaptation. To demonstrate the power of a hybrid approach for interconnecting human and non-huma

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Sinsin, B., O. Eyog Matig, A. E. Assogbadjo, O. G. Gaoué, and T. Sinadouwirou. "Dendrometric characteristics as indicators of pressure of Afzelia africana Sm. dynamic changes in trees found in different climatic zones of Benin." Biodiversity and Conservation 13, no. 8 (2004): 1555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:bioc.0000021328.56517.46.

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Erpenbach, Arne, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Rüdiger Wittig, Adjima Thiombiano, and Karen Hahn. "The influence of termite-induced heterogeneity on savanna vegetation along a climatic gradient in West Africa." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 1 (2012): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000703.

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Abstract:Termites are renowned ecosystem engineers. Their mounds have been described as an important element of savanna vegetation dynamics, but little is known about their large-scale impact on vegetation composition. To investigate the influence of termite-induced heterogeneity in savannas along a climatic gradient in West Africa termite mound vegetation was compared with adjacent savanna vegetation using 256 paired plots (size of the termite mound and a corresponding savanna area) in five protected areas from northern Burkina Faso to northern Benin. On each plot vegetation and soil sampling

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Harrison, Susan, Marko J. Spasojevic, and Daijiang Li. "Climate and plant community diversity in space and time." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 9 (2020): 4464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921724117.

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Climate strongly shapes plant diversity over large spatial scales, with relatively warm and wet (benign, productive) regions supporting greater numbers of species. Unresolved aspects of this relationship include what causes it, whether it permeates to community diversity at smaller spatial scales, whether it is accompanied by patterns in functional and phylogenetic diversity as some hypotheses predict, and whether it is paralleled by climate-driven changes in diversity over time. Here, studies of Californian plants are reviewed and new analyses are conducted to synthesize climate–diversity rel

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Bryson, Reid A. "Simulating Past and Forecasting Future Climates." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 4 (1993): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900023547.

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Climatic change is not a new phenomenon, nor is it random, as most of the variation can be explained in terms of variations in the sunlight reaching the surface of the Earth. The solar energy reaching the surface is modified by the aerosols in the atmosphere, however, and that means primarily aerosols of volcanic origin.The climatic history of the Earth is divided up into episodes with abrupt beginnings and ends. Rapid changes from one climatic state to another are normal. The fluctuations within this century do not appear to be unusual in any respect.To the Author's knowledge there is no evid

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Hsiang, Solomon, and Robert E. Kopp. "An Economist’s Guide to Climate Change Science." Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 4 (2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.4.3.

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This article provides a brief introduction to the physical science of climate change, aimed towards economists. We begin by describing the physics that controls global climate, how scientists measure and model the climate system, and the magnitude of human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide. We then summarize many of the climatic changes of interest to economists that have been documented and that are projected in the future. We conclude by highlighting some key areas in which economists are in a unique position to help climate science advance. An important message from this final section, whi

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Anttila, Kati, Terhikki Manninen, Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Aku Riihelä, and Panu Lahtinen. "The Role of Climate and Land Use in the Changes in Surface Albedo Prior to Snow Melt and the Timing of Melt Season of Seasonal Snow in Northern Land Areas of 40°N–80°N during 1982–2015." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10 (2018): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101619.

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The rapid warming of the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes and the observed changes in boreal forest areas affect the global surface albedo and climate. This study looks at the trends in the timing of the snow melt season as well as the albedo levels before and after the melt season in Northern Hemisphere land areas between 40°N and 80°N over the years 1982 to 2015. The analysis is based on optical satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The results show that the changes in surface albedo already begin before the start of the melt season. These albedo changes

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Ohmura, Atsumu, Peter Kasser, and Martin Funk. "Climate at the Equilibrium Line of Glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 38, no. 130 (1992): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000002276.

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AbstractThe relationships between temperature, precipitation and radiation on glacier equilibrium lines are investigated, using 70 glaciers for which the mass balance and meteorological observations have been carried out for sufficiently long periods. It is found that the characteristic climate at glacier equilibrium lines can be described using the summer 3 months’ temperature in a free atmosphere, annual total precipitation, and the sum of global and long-wave net radiation. All of these are measured at or very near the equilibrium-line altitudes. Then, it is shown how the shift of the equil

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Ohmura, Atsumu, Peter Kasser, and Martin Funk. "Climate at the Equilibrium Line of Glaciers." Journal of Glaciology 38, no. 130 (1992): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000002276.

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AbstractThe relationships between temperature, precipitation and radiation on glacier equilibrium lines are investigated, using 70 glaciers for which the mass balance and meteorological observations have been carried out for sufficiently long periods. It is found that the characteristic climate at glacier equilibrium lines can be described using the summer 3 months’ temperature in a free atmosphere, annual total precipitation, and the sum of global and long-wave net radiation. All of these are measured at or very near the equilibrium-line altitudes. Then, it is shown how the shift of the equil

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Morris, Julian. "Submission to House of Lords: Inquiry ‘Aspects of the Economics of Climate Change’." Energy & Environment 16, no. 3-4 (2005): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958305054672475.

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Some claim that climate change will result in an increase in vector-borne disease, flooding, catastrophic weather events, loss of biodiversity, changes in agricultural production and other problems. Yet these are problems today and are either caused or are exacerbated by poverty. Tackling poverty is likely to be better way to address these problems than attempting to control the climate. Climatic change may turn out to be benign or harmful: We do not know. But in the context of this uncertainty, policies that are narrowly focused on adaptation to possible negative effects are short-sighted and

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Soglo, Yves Yao, and Gbêtondji Melaine Armel Nonvide. "Climate change perceptions and responsive strategies in Benin: the case of maize farmers." Climatic Change 155, no. 2 (2019): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02452-3.

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Boer, G. J. "Changes in Interannual Variability and Decadal Potential Predictability under Global Warming." Journal of Climate 22, no. 11 (2009): 3098–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2835.1.

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Abstract Global warming will result in changes in mean temperature and precipitation distributions and is also expected to affect interannual and longer time-scale internally generated variability as a consequence of changes in climate processes and feedbacks. Multimodel estimates of changes in the variability of annual mean temperature and precipitation and in the variability of decadal potential predictability are investigated based on the collection of coupled climate model simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) data archive. Pooled, multimodel standard dev

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Lokonon, Boris Odilon Kounagbè. "Farmers’ vulnerability to climate shocks: insights from the Niger basin of Benin." Climate and Development 11, no. 7 (2018): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1511403.

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Sacré Regis M., Didi, Ly Mouhamed, Kouadio Kouakou, et al. "Using the CHIRPS Dataset to Investigate Historical Changes in Precipitation Extremes in West Africa." Climate 8, no. 7 (2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8070084.

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This study aims to provide improved knowledge and evidence on current (1986–2015) climate variation based on six rainfall indices over five West African countries (Senegal, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, and Benin) using the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) dataset. On average, precipitation has increased over the central Sahel and the western Sahel. This increase is associated with increase in the number of rainy days, longer wet spells and shorter dry spells. Over the Guinea Coast, the slight increase in precipitation is associated with an increase in the

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Burris, Gregory, Jane Washburn, Omar Lasheen, Sophia Dorribo, James B. Elsner, and Ronald E. Doel. "Extracting weather information from a plantation document." Climate of the Past 15, no. 2 (2019): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-477-2019.

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Abstract. The authors introduce a method for extracting weather and climate data from a historical plantation document. They demonstrate the method on a document from Shirley Plantation in Virginia (USA) covering the period 1816–1842. They show how the resulting data are organized into a spreadsheet that includes direct weather observations and information on various cultivars. They then give three examples showing how the data can be used for climate studies. The first example is a comparison of spring onset between the plantation era and the modern era. A modern median final spring freeze ev

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Steimke, Amy, Bangshuai Han, Jodi Brandt, and Alejandro Flores. "Climate Change and Curtailment: Evaluating Water Management Practices in the Context of Changing Runoff Regimes in a Snowmelt-Dominated Basin." Water 10, no. 10 (2018): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101490.

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Hydrologic scientists and water resource managers often focus on different facets of flow regimes in changing climates. The objective of this work is to examine potential hydrological changes in the Upper Boise River Basin, Idaho, USA in the context of biophysical variables and their impacts a key variable governing administration of water resources in the region in an integrated way. This snowmelt-dominated, mountainous watershed supplies water to a semi-arid, agriculturally intensive, but rapidly urbanizing, region. Using the Envision integrated modeling framework, we created a hydrological

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Baudoin, Marie-Ange. "Enhancing climate change adaptation in Africa assessing the role of local institutions in Southern Benin." Climate and Development 6, no. 2 (2013): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2013.844677.

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Nash, David J., George C. D. Adamson, Linden Ashcroft, et al. "Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: a global state of the art." Climate of the Past 17, no. 3 (2021): 1273–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1273-2021.

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Abstract. Narrative evidence contained within historical documents and inscriptions provides an important record of climate variability for periods prior to the onset of systematic meteorological data collection. A common approach used by historical climatologists to convert such qualitative information into continuous quantitative proxy data is through the generation of ordinal-scale climate indices. There is, however, considerable variability in the types of phenomena reconstructed using an index approach and the practice of index development in different parts of the world. This review, wri

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Yegbemey, Rosaine N., Evince O. Yegbemey, and Jacob A. Yabi. "Sustainability analysis of observed climate change adaptation strategies in maize farming in Benin, West Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 46, no. 1 (2017): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727016689638.

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The aim of this article was to analyse possible relationships between observed climate change adaptations as developed by farmers and the sustainability level of their production systems. The sustainability levels were measured through a participatory indicators-based approach. A tri-variate Tobit regression model including the observed climate change adaptations as explanatory variables was specified to analyse the main drivers of the measured sustainability levels. Data collection was conducted by survey methods on 336 maize producers randomly sampled and interviewed based on a questionnaire

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Forget, F., and J. Leconte. "Possible climates on terrestrial exoplanets." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2014 (2014): 20130084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0084.

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What kind of environment may exist on terrestrial planets around other stars? In spite of the lack of direct observations, it may not be premature to speculate on exoplanetary climates, for instance, to optimize future telescopic observations or to assess the probability of habitable worlds. To begin with, climate primarily depends on (i) the atmospheric composition and the volatile inventory; (ii) the incident stellar flux; and (iii) the tidal evolution of the planetary spin, which can notably lock a planet with a permanent night side. The atmospheric composition and mass depends on complex p

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Cook, Kerry H., and Edward K. Vizy. "Projected Changes in East African Rainy Seasons." Journal of Climate 26, no. 16 (2013): 5931–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00455.1.

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Abstract A regional climate model with 90-km horizontal resolution on a large domain is used to predict and analyze precipitation changes over East Africa caused by greenhouse gas increases. A pair of six-member ensembles is used: one representing the late twentieth century and another the mid-twenty-first century under a midline emissions scenario. The twentieth-century simulation uses boundary conditions from reanalysis climatology, and these are modified for the mid-twenty-first-century simulation using output from coupled GCMs. The twentieth-century simulation reproduces the observed clima

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Sanchez, Aida Cuni, Belarmain Fandohan, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo, and Brice Sinsin. "A countrywide multi-ethnic assessment of local communities’ perception of climate change in Benin (West Africa)." Climate and Development 4, no. 2 (2012): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.728126.

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Giertz, S., B. Diekkrüger, A. Jaeger, and M. Schopp. "An interdisciplinary scenario analysis to assess the water availability and water consumption in the Upper Ouémé catchment in Benin." Advances in Geosciences 9 (September 26, 2006): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-9-3-2006.

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Abstract. This paper presents an interdisciplinary scenario analysis to assess the influence of global and regional change on future water availability and water consumption in the Upper Ouémé catchment in central Benin. For the region three development scenarios were evolved. These scenarios are combined with climate change scenarios based on the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). In the modelling approach the quantification of the land use/land cover change is performed by the cellular automata model CLUE-S. The future climate scenarios are computed with the regional climate m

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Jiao, Tianlong. "Environment and culture change in Neolithic Southeast China." Antiquity 80, no. 309 (2006): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00094072.

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How did the Neolithic begin and develop in Southeast China? The author uses a highly detailed sequence of changes in sea-level, climate and vegetation to provide the back-drop – and some explanations – for the distinctive maritime community of the Taiwan Strait, whose descendants are thought to have colonised the Pacific.

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Egorov, Dmitry, Valery Romanov, Natalia Yarmolich, and Angela Egorova. "WHAT ECONOMIC THEORY SHOULD BE TAUGHT IF THE GOAL IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?" SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 20, 2020): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.4877.

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The article is devoted to the topic of possible transformations in the paradigm of socio-economic development of modern world civilization, in the context of climate change. The purpose of the study: to identify what it would be desirable to change in textbooks on economics so that those who study, becoming managers and politicians, do not destroy the Earth’s biosphere by their actions. What in the economic mainstream underlies those pathological features of the world economy that lead all of humanity to the climatic apocalypse? At the level of theory, this is due to the extreme subjectivity o

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G. T., Oyerinde, and Olowookere B.T. "OBSERVED SHIFT AND MERGE OF HYDROLOGICAL REGIMES IN THE SOTA CATCHMENT, BENIN; AN EVIDENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (2018): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1367.

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Sub-Saharan Africa have low resilience capacities to the challenges of climate change. This study is aimed at assessing climate trends and regime shifts at the Sota Catchment, Benin. Long term rainfall and river discharge were analyzed from 1950-2010 in order to generate patterns of changes in the basin. Analysis of the hydro-meteorological were based on the two prominent vegetation zones (Sudan and Guinea Savannah) in the catchment. The rainfall and discharge data were subjected to regime shift analysis and Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI) were computed. Downward trend of precipitatio

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Minielly, Colin, O. Clement Adebooye, P. B. Irenikatche Akponikpe, et al. "Application of a 1 km2 resolution model for climate change effects upon Benin and Nigeria vegetable agriculture." Geomatica 73, no. 4 (2019): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2019-0014.

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Climate change and food security are complex global issues that require multidisciplinary approaches to resolve. A nexus exists between both issues, especially in developing countries, but little prior research has successfully bridged the divide. Existing resolutions to climate change and food security are expensive and resource demanding. Climate modelling is at the forefront of climate change literature and development planning, whereas agronomy research is leading food security plans. The Benin Republic and Nigeria have grown and developed in recent years but may not have all the tools req

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Samal, N. R., D. C. Pierson, E. Schneiderman, et al. "Impact of climate change on Cannonsville Reservoir thermal structure in the New York City water supply." Water Quality Research Journal 47, no. 3-4 (2012): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.020.

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Global Circulation Model values of mean daily air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation for the 2081–2100 period are used to produce change factors that are applied to a 39 year record of local meteorological data to produce future climate scenarios. These climate scenarios are used to drive two separate, but coupled models: the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions-Variable Source Area model in order to simulate reservoir tributary inflows, and a one-dimensional reservoir hydrothermal model used to evaluate changes in reservoir thermal structure in response to changes in meteorologica

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Amegnaglo, Cocou Jaurès, Kwabena Asomanin Anaman, Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu, Edwards Ebo Onumah, and Fulbert Amoussouga Gero. "Contingent valuation study of the benefits of seasonal climate forecasts for maize farmers in the Republic of Benin, West Africa." Climate Services 6 (April 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2017.06.007.

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Bradshaw, C. D., D. J. Lunt, R. Flecker, et al. "The relative roles of CO<sub>2</sub> and palaeogeography in determining Late Miocene climate: results from a terrestrial model-data comparison." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 2 (2012): 715–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-715-2012.

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Abstract. The Late Miocene (∼11.6–5.3 Ma) palaeorecord provides evidence for a warmer and wetter climate than that of today and there is uncertainty in the palaeo-CO2 record of at least 150 ppmv. We present results from fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation simulations for the Late Miocene that examine the relative roles of palaeogeography (topography and ice sheet geometry) and CO2 concentration in the determination of Late Miocene climate through comprehensive terrestrial model-data comparisons. Assuming that the data accurately reflects the Late Miocene climate, and that the Late Miocen

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Ogouwale, Romaric, H. Totin, and M. Boko. "Potential impacts of climate changes on the availability of water resources in the basin of Okpara in Benin (West Africa)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 29 (2009): 292051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/29/292051.

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Schöner, W., G. Weyss, and E. Mursch-Radlgruber. "Linkage of cave-ice changes to weather patterns inside and outside the cave Eisriesenwelt (Tennengebirge, Austria)." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 3 (2010): 1709–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-1709-2010.

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Abstract. The behaviour of perennial ice masses in karst caves in relation to the outside climate is still not well understood, though a significant potential of the cave-ice for paleo-climate reconstructions could be expected. This study investigates the relationship between weather patterns inside and outside the cave Eisriesenwelt (Austrian Alps) and the ice-surface changes of the ice-covered part of the cave from extensive measurements. It is shown that under recent climate the cave ice mass balance is more sensitive to winter climate for the inner parts of the cave and sensitive to winter

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Kingbo, Armand, and Cossi Ganglo. "Social perception of climate change and forms of use impact on the forests of Dogo-Kétou and Pobè in Benin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (2021): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.18.

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This study examined the local perception on the climate changes and how these changes combined with anthropogenic pressures generated by the forms of use of the forest resources, impact the sustainability of the forests of Pobè and Dogo-Kétou in southeast Benin. The data were collected through an investigation of 148 and 139 local populations sampled respectively in the municipalities of Pobè and Kétou in the studied area. An interview guide and a structured research questionnaire were used to collect the data which were analyzed using the software Ri386 3.5.1. The mains results revealed that

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King, Jacquelynne R., Vera N. Agostini, Christopher J. Harvey, et al. "Climate forcing and the California Current ecosystem." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 6 (2011): 1199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr009.

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Abstract King, J. R., Agostini, V. N., Harvey, C. J., McFarlane, G. A., Foreman, M. G. G., Overland, J. E., Di Lorenzo, E., Bond, N. A., and Aydin, K. Y. 2011. Climate forcing and the California Current ecosystem. –ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1199–1216. The Climate Forcing and Marine Ecosystem (CFAME) Task Team of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) was formed to address climate forcing impacts on ecosystem structure and productivity of marine species. For the California Current system, the Task Team described the physical processes, built an overview of species acros

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Richardson, Anthony J. "In hot water: zooplankton and climate change." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 3 (2008): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn028.

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Abstract Richardson, A. J. 2008. In hot water: zooplankton and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 279–295. An overview is provided of the observed and potential future responses of zooplankton communities to global warming. I begin by describing the importance of zooplankton in ocean ecosystems and the attributes that make them sensitive beacons of climate change. Global warming may have even greater repercussions for marine ecosystems than for terrestrial ecosystems, because temperature influences water column stability, nutrient enrichment, and the degree of new production

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Ago, Expedit Evariste, Euloge Kossi Agbossou, Sylvie Galle, Jean-Martial Cohard, Bernard Heinesch, and Marc Aubinet. "Long term observations of carbon dioxide exchange over cultivated savanna under a Sudanian climate in Benin (West Africa)." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 197 (October 2014): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.005.

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K. Victorin, Chegnimonhan, Aredokou Olorounto Louis, Guidi Tognon Clotilde, and Adomou Alain. "INVESTIGATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A TRANSCRITICAL BOOSTER REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITHCARBON DIOXIDE IN TROPICAL CLIMATES: THE CASE OF BENIN." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (2021): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12438.

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This article presents a prospective study of low carbon footprint refrigeration systems in tropical climates. A transcritical carbon dioxide booster refrigeration system is simulated within the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) environment. The results are discussed under the weather conditions Cotonou, Benin. The performance of the transcritical booster cycle increases with low ambient temperatures the Coefficient of Performance (COP) increased by 94.2% when the ambient temperature went from 40Â°C to 25Â°C). The gas cooler pressure and the medium pressure were ctoptimised and two correlations

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Diogo, Rodrigue Vivien Cao, Luc Hippolyte Dossa, Sèyi Fridaïus Ulrich Vanvanhossou, et al. "Farmers’ and Herders’ Perceptions on Rangeland Management in Two Agroecological Zones of Benin." Land 10, no. 4 (2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040425.

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The sustainable use of rangelands in pastoral areas requires the inclusion of all stakeholders to develop sound management strategies. However, the role of these actors in the sustainable management of natural resources is still poorly understood. The present study aims to (i) assess the perception of farmers and herders of the risks and opportunities of transhumance on rangeland resource use and management, and to (ii) generate useful knowledge for the design and implementation of policies that favor the coexistence of these actors and reduce competition over rangeland resources use in Benin.

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CONEN, WIETEKE, KÈNE HENKENS, and JOOP SCHIPPERS. "Ageing Organisations and the Extension of Working Lives: A Case Study Approach." Journal of Social Policy 43, no. 4 (2014): 773–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279414000336.

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AbstractThis paper examines how the economic climate and policy changes at national level have been affecting organisational practices, aimed at the extension of working lives of older workers, over the last decade. We analyse case studies conducted among Dutch organisations. Our findings show that personnel policies are typically short-term oriented and vary in their existence and content congruous to the economic climate. Policy changes in retirement arrangements, and the debate about raising the official retirement age, have made both employees and employers realise that the extension of wo

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Barclay, David J., Gregory C. Wiles, and Parker E. Calkin. "An 850 year record of climate and fluctuations of the iceberg-calving Nellie Juan Glacier, south central Alaska, U.S.A." Annals of Glaciology 36 (2003): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756403781816419.

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AbstractTree-ring cross-dates of 46 glacially killed trees show that the tidewater Nellie Juan Glacier, Alaska, advanced seaward during the 16th and 17th centuries AD. Ice-scarred trees at the late-Holocene end moraine indicate that the terminus was at its recent maximum from 1842 to 1893. Historical observations and photographs show that subsequent slow retreat changed to rapid iceberg-calving retreat after 1935, and that the tidewater terminus had withdrawn about 3.3 km from the late-Holocene maximum by 1992. Comparison with paleoclimate records from nearby land-terminating glaciers and an 8

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Fyfe, John C., and Gregory M. Flato. "Enhanced Climate Change and Its Detection over the Rocky Mountains." Journal of Climate 12, no. 1 (1999): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-12.1.230.

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Abstract Results from an ensemble of climate change experiments with increasing greenhouse gas and aerosols using the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Coupled Climate Model are presented with a focus on surface quantities over the Rocky Mountains. There is a marked elevation dependency of the simulated surface screen temperature increase over the Rocky Mountains in the winter and spring seasons, with more pronounced changes at higher elevations. The elevation signal is linked to a rise in the snow line in the winter and spring seasons, which amplifies the surface warming via

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Sanwal, Mukul. "The Lima call for climate action: differentiation ends, climate change is now part of the urban transformation and negotiations begin for sharing prosperity." Climate and Development 9, no. 1 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2016.1149442.

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Marshall, John, Jeffery Scott, and Andrey Proshutinsky. "“Climate response functions” for the Arctic Ocean: a proposed coordinated modelling experiment." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 7 (2017): 2833–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2833-2017.

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Abstract. A coordinated set of Arctic modelling experiments, which explore how the Arctic responds to changes in external forcing, is proposed. Our goal is to compute and compare climate response functions (CRFs) – the transient response of key observable indicators such as sea-ice extent, freshwater content of the Beaufort Gyre, etc. – to abrupt step changes in forcing fields across a number of Arctic models. Changes in wind, freshwater sources, and inflows to the Arctic basin are considered. Convolutions of known or postulated time series of these forcing fields with their respective CRFs th

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Previdi, M., B. G. Liepert, D. T. Peteet, et al. "Climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 2 (2011): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-2-531-2011.

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Abstract. Understanding the sensitivity of Earth's climate to an imposed external forcing is one of the great challenges in science and a critical component of efforts to avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Climate sensitivity (or equilibrium global surface warming) to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 has long been estimated to be about 3 °C, considering only fast climate feedbacks associated with increases in water vapor, decreases in sea ice, and changes in clouds. However, evidence from Earth's history suggests that slower surface albedo feedbacks due to vegetat

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Abdussalam, Auwal F., Andrew J. Monaghan, Daniel F. Steinhoff, et al. "The Impact of Climate Change on Meningitis in Northwest Nigeria: An Assessment Using CMIP5 Climate Model Simulations." Weather, Climate, and Society 6, no. 3 (2014): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-13-00068.1.

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Abstract Meningitis remains a major health burden throughout Sahelian Africa, especially in heavily populated northwest Nigeria with an annual incidence rate ranging from 18 to 200 per 100 000 people for 2000–11. Several studies have established that cases exhibit sensitivity to intra- and interannual climate variability, peaking during the hot and dry boreal spring months, raising concern that future climate change may increase the incidence of meningitis in the region. The impact of future climate change on meningitis risk in northwest Nigeria is assessed by forcing an empirical model of men

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Green, Jessica F. "Policy entrepreneurship in climate governance: Toward a comparative approach." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, no. 8 (2017): 1471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417735905.

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This paper draws out lessons from the special issue, laying out elements of research agenda on climate policy entrepreneurship. First, I offer an expanded definition of entrepreneurship, which distinguishes between the entrepreneurs themselves and the strategies they employ. Further refinements of the concept of entrepreneurship should specify other relevant dimensions of variation, such as the desired outcome, and the expected time frame in which it is to be achieved. I then present a simple causal model of entrepreneurship to facilitate future comparative research. Based on the papers in the

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Zhang, Zhibin, Bernard Cazelles, Huidong Tian, Leif Christian Stige, Achim Bräuning, and Nils Chr Stenseth. "Periodic temperature-associated drought/flood drives locust plagues in China." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1658 (2008): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1284.

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Global warming is currently of great concern. Yet the ecological effects of low-frequency climate variations remain largely unknown. Recent analyses of interdecadal variability in population abundance of the Oriental migratory locust ( Locusta migratoria manilensis ) in China have revealed negative associations with temperature and positive associations with Yangtze drought and flood frequencies during the past millennium (AD 957–1956). In order to shed new light on the causal relationships between locust abundance, floods, droughts and temperature in ancient China, we used wavelet analysis to

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Janković, Vladimir, and David M. Schultz. "Atmosfear: Communicating the Effects of Climate Change on Extreme Weather." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 1 (2016): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0030.1.

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Abstract The potential and serious effects of anthropogenic climate change are often communicated through the soundbite that anthropogenic climate change will produce more extreme weather. This soundbite has become popular with scientists and the media to get the public and governments to act against further increases in global temperature and their associated effects through the communication of scary scenarios, what the authors term “atmosfear.” Underlying atmosfear’s appeal, however, are four premises. First, atmosfear reduces the complexity of climate change to an identifiable target in th

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