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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Clostridium tetani »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 16 février 2022

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1

Hallit, Rabih Riad, Muhammad Afridi, Raymund Sison, Elie Salem, Jack Boghossian et Jihad Slim. « Clostridium tetani bacteraemia ». Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no 1 (1 janvier 2013) : 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.044941-0.

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Hao, Nguyen Van, Nguyen Ngoc My Huyen, Nguyen Thi Han Ny, Vo Thi Nhu Trang, Nguyen Van Minh Hoang, Duong Bich Thuy, Nguyen Thanh Nguyen et al. « The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Infection : A Case-Control Study ». American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105, no 2 (11 août 2021) : 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0146.

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ABSTRACT. Tetanus arises from wound contamination with Clostridium tetani, but approximately one fifth of patients have no discernable entry wound. Clostridium tetani is culturable from animal feces, suggesting the gastrointestinal tract could be an endogenous reservoir or direct-entry portal, but human data are lacking. In this study of 101 Vietnamese adults with tetanus and 29 hospitalized control subjects, admission stool samples were cultured for C. tetani. Anti-tetanus toxin antibodies were measured by ELISA. Clostridium tetani toxigenicity was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Toxigenic C. tetani was cultured from stool samples in 50 of 100 (50%) tetanus cases and 12 of 28 (42.9%) control subjects (P = 0.50), and stool samples of 44 of 85 (52.4%) tetanus cases with clinically identified wounds compared with 6 of 15 (47.6%) patients without clinically identified wounds (P = 0.28). Nine of 12 (75%) control subjects with toxigenic C. tetani in their stool samples lacked protective antibody concentrations. These findings fail to show evidence of an association between gastrointestinal C. tetani and tetanus infection, but emphasize the importance of increasing vaccination coverage.
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Shirokawa, Masamitsu, Yasuhiro Shibuya, Makoto Mitsusada, Akihiko Yamamoto et Masaaki Iwaki. « Tetanus Case Isolating Clostridium tetani from Scab ». Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 19, no 5 (2008) : 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3893/jjaam.19.279.

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Bolte, E. R. « Autism and clostridium tetani ». Medical Hypotheses 51, no 2 (août 1998) : 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90107-4.

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Brüggemann, Holger, Elzbieta Brzuszkiewicz, Diana Chapeton-Montes, Lucile Plourde, Denis Speck et Michel R. Popoff. « Genomics of Clostridium tetani ». Research in Microbiology 166, no 4 (mai 2015) : 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2015.01.002.

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Möller, Jens, Max Edmund Kraner et Andreas Burkovski. « More than a Toxin : Protein Inventory of Clostridium tetani Toxoid Vaccines ». Proteomes 7, no 2 (16 avril 2019) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes7020015.

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Clostridium tetani is the etiological agent of tetanus, a life-threatening bacterial infection. The most efficient protection strategy against tetanus is a vaccination with the C. tetani neurotoxin, which is inactivated by formaldehyde-crosslinking. Since we assumed that besides the tetanus toxin, other proteins of C. tetani may also be present in toxoid preparations, we analyzed commercially available vaccines from different countries in respect to their protein content using mass spectrometry. In total 991 proteins could be identified in all five analyzed vaccines, 206 proteins were common in all analyzed vaccines and 54 proteins from the 206 proteins were potential antigens. The additionally present proteins may contribute at least partially to protection against C. tetani infection by supporting the function of the vaccine against the devastating effects of the tetanus toxin indirectly. Two different label-free protein quantification methods were applied for an estimation of protein contents. Similar results were obtained with a Total Protein Approach (TPA)-based method and Protein Discoverer 2.2 software package based on the minora algorithm. Depending on the tetanus toxoid vaccine and the quantification method used, tetanus neurotoxin contributes between 14 and 76 % to the total C. tetani protein content and varying numbers of other C. tetani proteins were detected.
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Cohen, Jonathan E., Rong Wang, Rong-Fong Shen, Wells W. Wu et James E. Keller. « Comparative pathogenomics of Clostridium tetani ». PLOS ONE 12, no 8 (11 août 2017) : e0182909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182909.

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Chapeton-Montes, Diana, Lucile Plourde, Cecile Deneve, Dominique Garnier, Fabien Barbirato, Vincent Colombié, Sandy Demay et al. « Tetanus Toxin Synthesis is Under the Control of A Complex Network of Regulatory Genes in Clostridium tetani ». Toxins 12, no 5 (15 mai 2020) : 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050328.

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Clostridium tetani produces a potent neurotoxin, the tetanus toxin (TeNT), which is responsible for an often-fatal neurological disease (tetanus) characterized by spastic paralysis. Prevention is efficiently acquired by vaccination with the TeNT toxoid, which is obtained by C. tetani fermentation and subsequent purification and chemical inactivation. C. tetani synthesizes TeNT in a regulated manner. Indeed, the TeNT gene (tent) is mainly expressed in the late exponential and early stationary growth phases. The gene tetR (tetanus regulatory gene), located immediately upstream of tent, encodes an alternative sigma factor which was previously identified as a positive regulator of tent. In addition, the genome of C. tetani encodes more than 127 putative regulators, including 30 two-component systems (TCSs). Here, we investigated the impact of 12 regulators on TeNT synthesis which were selected based on their homology with related regulatory elements involved in toxin production in other clostridial species. Among nine TCSs tested, three of them impact TeNT production, including two positive regulators that indirectly stimulate tent and tetR transcription. One negative regulator was identified that interacts with both tent and tetR promoters. Two other TCSs showed a moderate effect: one binds to the tent promoter and weakly increases the extracellular TeNT level, and another one has a weak inverse effect. In addition, CodY (control of dciA (decoyinine induced operon) Y) but not Spo0A (sporulation stage 0) or the DNA repair protein Mfd (mutation frequency decline) positively controls TeNT synthesis by interacting with the tent promoter. Moreover, we found that inorganic phosphate and carbonate are among the environmental factors that control TeNT production. Our data show that TeNT synthesis is under the control of a complex network of regulators that are largely distinct from those involved in the control of toxin production in Clostridium botulinum or Clostridium difficile.
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Popoff, Michel R. « Tetanus in animals ». Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no 2 (18 février 2020) : 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720906814.

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Tetanus is a neurologic disease of humans and animals characterized by spastic paralysis. Tetanus is caused by tetanus toxin (TeNT) produced by Clostridium tetani, an environmental soilborne, gram-positive, sporulating bacterium. The disease most often results from wound contamination by soil containing C. tetani spores. Horses, sheep, and humans are highly sensitive to TeNT, whereas cattle, dogs, and cats are more resistant. The diagnosis of tetanus is mainly based on the characteristic clinical signs. Identification of C. tetani at the wound site is often difficult.
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Munir, Anum, Shaukat Iqbal Malik et Khalid Akhtar Malik. « Proteome Mining for the Identification of Putative Drug Targets For Human Pathogen Clostridium Tetani ». Current Bioinformatics 14, no 6 (16 juillet 2019) : 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574893613666181114095736.

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Background: Clostridium tetani are rod-like, anaerobic types of pathogenic bacteria of the genus Clostridium. It is Gram-positive in nature and appears as a tennis racket or drumsticks on staining with the dye. Tetanus is a neuromuscular disease wherein the Clostridium tetani exotoxin produces muscle fits in the host. Tetanus is the second leading cause of worldwide deaths occurring from the family of immunization-preventable diseases. Methods: In this research, subtractive proteome analysis of C. tetani was performed to identify putative drug targets. The proteins were subjected to blast analysis against Homo sapiens to exclude homologous proteins. The database of Essential Genes was used to determine the essential proteins of the pathogen. These basic proteins were additionally analyzed to anticipate the corresponding metabolic pathways. Results: Cellular localization analysis was carried out to determine the possibility of the protein presence in the outer membrane. The study has recognized 29 essential genes and 20 unique pathways of 2314 proteins as potential drug targets. There are 29 essential proteins, out of which, 3 membrane proteins were also identified as putative drug targets. Conclusion: Virtual screening in contrast to these proteins can be valuable in the identification of novel clinical compounds for the C. tetani infections in Homo sapiens.
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Alshanqiti, Fatimah M., Saad B. Al-Masaudi, Ahmed M. Al-Hejin et Elrashdy M. Redwan. « Adjuvants for Clostridium tetani and Clostridium diphtheriae vaccines updating ». Human Antibodies 25, no 1-2 (20 février 2017) : 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hab-160302.

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KOBAYASHI, Toyoko, Kunitomo WATANABE et Kazue UENO. « Distribution of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in Okinawa Prefecture ». Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 66, no 12 (1992) : 1639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.66.1639.

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Lai, Xiaofei, Felycia Fernanda Hosyanto et Lei Xu. « Risk of Clostridium tetani infection in an elderly patient following hemorrhoid ligation ». Journal of International Medical Research 48, no 10 (octobre 2020) : 030006052096398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520963983.

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Tetanus after gastrointestinal surgery is an extremely rare but very dangerous disease caused by infection with Clostridium tetani. Tetanus can occur due to bacterial infection during surgery or dressing change, or the bacteria may exist in the patient’s intestines and be discharged with feces. This report describes a 71-year-old woman who developed tetanus 3 days after a hemorrhoidal ligation. Clinicians need to be aware of symptoms of C. tetani infection that might present in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal procedures.
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ONUKI, Tomoyo, Shin NIHONYANAGI, Masaki NAKAMURA, Toshimitsu IDE, Jun HATTORI, Yuhsaku KANOH et Kazui SOMA. « Clostridium tetani Isolated from Patients with Systemic Tetanus ». Kansenshogaku Zasshi 87, no 1 (2013) : 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.87.33.

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Marvaud, Jean-Christophe, Stéphanie Raffestin, Maryse Gibert et Michel Robert Popoff. « Regulation of the toxinogenesis in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani ». Biology of the Cell 92, no 6 (septembre 2000) : 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-4900(00)01097-2.

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Connan, Chloé, Cécile Denève, Christelle Mazuet et Michel R. Popoff. « Regulation of toxin synthesis in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani ». Toxicon 75 (décembre 2013) : 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.001.

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Ríos Prego, Mónica, Alba García Velo, Eide Diana Alves Pereira, Ruth Brea Aparicio et Jesús Manuel Núñez Fernández. « Infección por Clostridium tetani : sospecharla para diagnosticarla ». Galicia Clínica 77, no 4 (2016) : 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.22546/38/1057.

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Tangney, Martin, et Wilfrid J. Mitchell. « Clostridium tetani encodes a phosphocarrier protein, HPr ». Microbiology 150, no 3 (1 mars 2004) : 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26965-0.

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Mayall, Barrie C., Elizabeth A. Snashall et Margaret M. Peel. « Isolation of clostridium tetani from anaerobic empyema ». Pathology 30, no 4 (1998) : 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313029800169716.

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Hanif, Hajra, Muhammad Imran, Bashir Ahmad, Naeem Ali, Asif Jamal, Awais Anjum et Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali. « Isolation and Antibiogram of Clostridium tetani from Clinically Diagnosed Tetanus Patients ». American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 93, no 4 (7 octobre 2015) : 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0040.

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Chawla, Dr Anil Kumar, Chandrani Das, Paramdeep Singh, Mansha Tiwari et Dr Seema Chaudhary. « Production of tetanus toxin by using media substantially free from meat and blood ». Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no 6 (1 novembre 2016) : 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14410.

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The present study was to redesign the conventional Mueller and Miller medium to produce tetanus toxin from Clostridium tetani. Meat based ingredients (such as Bovine Heart/ Brain/ Liver Infusion) were replaced with vegetable peptone & alternate casein hydrolysate and scaled up from 100mL to 1000mL. Modified Mueller and Miller Medium containing vegetable peptone (substitute of BHI) and alternate casein hydrolysate were used for production and scale -up of tetanus toxin. Detoxification of tetanus toxin was carried out by using formaldehyde to produce tetanus toxoid. Purification of tetanus toxoid was achieved by fractional precipitation. It was found that under optimum conditions, use of meat free media leads to production of tetanus toxin with equal limes flocculation (Lf) titer and high antigenic content at par with conventional meat based media without any post vaccination infections. The yield of toxin was improved during scale-up of the process. The present study provides a method for growth of Clostridium tetani that maximizes tetanus toxin production without any use of animal-derived components.
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Andrade, Luiz Augusto F., et Sonia Maria D. Brucki. « Botulinum toxin A for trismus in cephalic tetanus ». Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 52, no 3 (septembre 1994) : 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1994000300021.

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Cephalic tetanus is a localized form of tetanus. As in generalized forms , trismus is a prominent feature of the disease, leading to considerable difficulty in feeding, swallowing of the saliva and mouth hygiene. These difficulties often precede respiratory problems and aspiration bronchopneumonia is a frequent life-threatening complication. Muscle relaxants other than curare drugs may show a limited benefit for relieving trismus. Tetanospasmin, the tetanic neurotoxin, and botulinum toxin share many similarities, having a closely related chemical structure, an origin from related microorganisms (Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum, respectively), and presumably, the same mechanisms of action in the neuron. The difference between the two lies in their peculiar neurospecificity, acting in different neurons. Injection of minute doses of botulinum toxin in the muscles involved in focal dystonias or other localized spastic disorders have proved to be very effective in these conditions. We describe the use of botulinum toxin A in the successful treatment of trismus in a patient suffering from cephalic tetanus. We believe that this form of treatment may be of value in lowering the risk of pulmonary complications in tetanic patients.
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Montecucco, C., G. Schiavo, Z. Gao, E. Bauerlein, P. Boquet et B. R. DasGupta. « Interaction of botulinum and tetanus toxins with the lipid bilayer surface ». Biochemical Journal 251, no 2 (15 avril 1988) : 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2510379.

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The interaction of botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A, B and E (from Clostridium botulinum) and of tetanus neurotoxin (from Clostridium tetani) with the surface of liposomes made of different lipid compositions was studied by photolabelling with a radioiodinated photoactive phosphatidylethanolamine analogue [125I-dipalmitoyl (3,4-azidosalicylamido)phosphatidylethanolamine]. When the vesicles were made of negatively charged lipids (asolectin), each of these neurotoxic proteins was radioiodinated, thus providing evidence for their attachment to the membrane surface. The presence of gangliosides on liposome membranes enhanced fixation of the neurotoxic proteins to the lipid vesicle surface. Both the heavy and light chains of the clostridial neurotoxins were involved in the attachment to the lipid bilayer surface. Each of the toxins tested here attached poorly to liposomes made of zwitterionic lipids (egg phosphatidylcholine), even when polysialogangliosides were present. The data suggest that the binding of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins to their target neuronal cells involves negatively charged lipids and polysialogangliosides on the cell membrane.
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Pouillon, JM, et BD Caldwell. « The risk of tetanus in podiatric medicine ». Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 88, no 7 (1 juillet 1998) : 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-88-7-349.

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Although tetanus is a preventable disease, several cases are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention each year. Many conditions treated by podiatric physicians carry the risk of infection by Clostridium tetani, and it is advisable for podiatrists to update a patient's tetanus immunization status if the patient presents with a tetanus-prone wound.
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Zaragoza, Orellana, Moonen, Moutafis et Marcellin. « Vaccine Production to Protect Animals Against Pathogenic Clostridia ». Toxins 11, no 9 (11 septembre 2019) : 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090525.

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Clostridium is a broad genus of anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that can be found in different environments all around the world. The genus includes human and animal pathogens that produce potent exotoxins that cause rapid and potentially fatal diseases responsible for countless human casualties and billion-dollar annual loss to the agricultural sector. Diseases include botulism, tetanus, enterotoxemia, gas gangrene, necrotic enteritis, pseudomembranous colitis, blackleg, and black disease, which are caused by pathogenic Clostridium. Due to their ability to sporulate, they cannot be eradicated from the environment. As such, immunization with toxoid or bacterin-toxoid vaccines is the only protective method against infection. Toxins recovered from Clostridium cultures are inactivated to form toxoids, which are then formulated into multivalent vaccines. This review discusses the toxins, diseases, and toxoid production processes of the most common pathogenic Clostridium species, including Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium novyi and Clostridium hemolyticum.
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Ortiz, Diego, et Luis Carlos Villamil. « Bacterias anaerobias del suelo responsables de la muerte súbita bovina en sabanas tropicales : investigaciones realizadas en Colombia ». Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 9, no 1 (6 juillet 2008) : 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol9_num1_art:110.

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<p>El estudio de las clostridiosis en Colombia debe ser una prioridad para nuestras autoridades sanitarias debido al impacto sanitario que causan estas bacterias en la salud animal. Así mismo, la agudeza de los signos y síntomas clínicos de estas patologías, y el hecho que afectan animales en buenas condiciones de carne, hacen que tengan fuerte impacto económico. Se presenta una revisión de las principales investigaciones realizadas sobre clostridiosis en los últimos años, algunas publicadas en literatura científica y otras en literatura gris. Se hace énfasis en la muerte súbita bovina, condición que incluye varias patologías entre las que se destacan el botulismo bovino producido por las neurotoxinas tipo C y D de <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>, el carbón sintomático (pierna negra) causado por <em>Clostridium chauvoei </em>y en menor proporción el tétanos, causado por el <em>Clostridium tetani</em>. Se reportan algunos avances en la estandarización de metodologías de diagnóstico en laboratorio y en campo, lo mismo que resultados de estudios epidemiológicos desarrollados en zonas afectadas por estas enfermedades. Finalmente, se presenta una visión prospectiva sobre la investigación en los clostridios y las clostridiosis, lo mismo que algunas propuestas de solución a la problemática discutida.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Anaerobic soil bacteria causing sudden death in cattle feeding on tropical savannahs: research in Colombia </strong></p><p>The study of the clostridiosis in Colombia must be a priority for sanitary authorities due to the sanitary and economic impact caused by these bacteria. Disease clinical signs and symptoms, and effect on animals in good meat condition suppose a high financial impact. This article reviews major research in clostridiosis in recent years, published in scientific and gray literature. Emphasis is made on bovine sudden death, which includes a number of diseases among them botulism produced by neurotoxins type C and D of <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>; black leg caused by <em>Clostridium chauvoei </em>and to a lesser extent tetanus, caused by <em>Clostridium tetani</em>. Some progress in standardization of laboratory and field methodologies is reported, as well epidemiology in areas affected by these diseases. We conclude with a prospective proposal of research in clostridia and clostridiosis, as well as some ideas on alternative solutions to the problems discussed. </p>
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Fournier, P. E., P. Y. Levy, M. Million, O. Croce, C. Blanc-Tailleur, P. Brouqui et D. Raoult. « Genome of a chronic osteitis-causing Clostridium tetani ». New Microbes and New Infections 2, no 1 (janvier 2014) : 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2052-2975.27.

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Temaru, E., S. Shimura et T. Karasawa. « Clostridium tetani Is a Phospholipase (Lecithinase)-Producing Bacterium ». Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, no 4 (1 avril 2005) : 2024–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.43.4.2024-2025.2005.

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Sinnott, John T., Charurut Somboonwit et Asa Oxner. « Clostridium tetani Infection in a Haitian Earthquake Victim ». Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 33, no 5 (mars 2011) : 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2011.02.002.

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Aronoff, David M. « Clostridium novyi, sordellii, and tetani : Mechanisms of disease ». Anaerobe 24 (décembre 2013) : 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.08.009.

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Huang, I.-Hsiu, et Mahfuzur R. Sarker. « Complementation of a Clostridium perfringens spo0A Mutant with Wild-Type spo0A from Other Clostridium Species ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no 9 (septembre 2006) : 6388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02218-05.

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ABSTRACT To evaluate whether C. perfringens can be used as a model organism for studying the sporulation process in other clostridia, C. perfringens spo0A mutant IH101 was complemented with wild-type spo0A from four different Clostridium species. Wild-type spo0A from C. acetobutylicum or C. tetani, but not from C. botulinum or C. difficile, restored sporulation and enterotoxin production in IH101. The ability of spo0A from C. botulinum or C. difficile to complement the lack of spore formation in IH101 might be due, at least in part, to the low levels of spo0A transcription and Spo0A production.
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Bruggemann, H., S. Baumer, W. F. Fricke, A. Wiezer, H. Liesegang, I. Decker, C. Herzberg et al. « The genome sequence of Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus disease ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, no 3 (27 janvier 2003) : 1316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0335853100.

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Raffestin, Stéphanie, Jean Christophe Marvaud, Rosario Cerrato, Bruno Dupuy et Michel R. Popoff. « Organization and regulation of the neurotoxin genes in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani ». Anaerobe 10, no 2 (avril 2004) : 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.01.001.

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Fratelli, Fernando, Tatiana Joly Siquini, Sally Müller Affonso Prado, Hisako Gondo Higashi, Attilio Converti et João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho. « Effect of Medium Composition on the Production of Tetanus Toxin by Clostridium tetani ». Biotechnology Progress 21, no 3 (5 septembre 2008) : 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp049571b.

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Iyer, Mohan N., George Kranias et Michael E. Daun. « Post-traumatic endophthalmitis involving Clostridium tetani and Bacillus spp ». American Journal of Ophthalmology 132, no 1 (juillet 2001) : 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00948-x.

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Marvaud, Jean-Christophe, Ulrich Eisel, Thomas Binz, Heiner Niemann et Michel R. Popoff. « TetR Is a Positive Regulator of the Tetanus Toxin Gene in Clostridium tetani and Is Homologous to BotR ». Infection and Immunity 66, no 12 (1 décembre 1998) : 5698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.12.5698-5702.1998.

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ABSTRACT The TetR gene immediately upstream from the tetanus toxin (TeTx) gene was characterized. It encodes a 21,562-Da protein which is related (50 to 65% identity) to the equivalent genes (botR) inClostridium botulinum. TetR has the feature of a DNA binding protein with a basic pI (9.53). It contains a helix-turn-helix motif and shows 29% identity with other putative regulatory genes inClostridium, i.e., uviA from C. perfringens and txeR from C. difficile. We report for the first time the transformation of C. tetani by electroporation, which permitted us to investigate the function of tetR. Overexpression of tetR inC. tetani induced an increase in TeTx production and in the level of the corresponding mRNA. This indicates that TetR is a transcriptional activator of the TeTx gene. Overexpression ofbotR/A (60% identity with TetR at the amino acid level) inC. tetani induced an increase in TeTx production comparable to that for overexpression of tetR. However,botR/C (50% identity with TetR at the amino acid level) was less efficient. This supports that TetR positively regulates the TeTx gene in C. tetani and that a conserved mechanism of regulation of the neurotoxin genes is involved in C. tetaniand C. botulinum.
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Malinovská, Z., E. Čonková et P. Váczi. « Tetanus in Animals — Summary of Knowledge ». Folia Veterinaria 64, no 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0027.

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AbstractTetanus is a neurologic non-transmissible disease (often fatal) of humans and other animals with a worldwide occurrence. Clostridium tetani is the spore producing bacillus which causes the bacterial disease. In deep penetrating wounds the spores germinate and produce a toxin called tetanospasmin. The main characteristic sign of tetanus is a spastic paralysis. A diagnosis is usually based on the clinical signs because the detection in the wound and the cultivation of C. tetani is very difficult. Between animal species there is considerable variability in the susceptibility to the bacillus. The most sensitive animal species to the neurotoxin are horses. Sheep and cattle are less sensitive and tetanus in these animal species are less common. Tetanus in cats and dogs are rare and dogs are less sensitive than cats. Clinically two forms of tetanus have been recognized, i. e. localized and generalized. The available treatment is not specific because the toxin in neuronal cells cannot be accessed by antitoxin antibodies. The aim of the therapy is to: neutralise the unbound neurotoxin, inhibit C. tetani growth in the wound, and provide supportive care to mitigate the effects of the neurotoxin. The treatment is difficult with an unclear prognosis.
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Hernández-Chavarría, Francisco, Fernando Cháves et Maricela Umaña. « Aislamiento de Clostridium tetani en la ciudad de Puntarenas, Costa Rica y el fenómeno de swarming. » REVISTA BIOMÉDICA 12, no 2 (1 avril 2001) : 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v12i2.260.

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Objetivo. Determinar la ocurrencia de Clostridium tetani a partir de muestras de suelo colectadas en la ciudad de Puntarenas, Costa Rica, y evaluar su toxigenicidad usando una prueba de ELISA de captura. Material y métodos. Treinta muestras de suelo fueron colectadas y secadas a 35°C durante al menos dos semanas. De cada muestra se hizo una suspensión de1g en 5 mL de solución salina estéril. Se tomaron dos alícuotas de 1.5 mL, una se calentó (60°C/10 min) y ambas se inocularon en medio de carne picada e incubaron a 35°C por 7 días. A los 2 y 7 días se tomaron alícuotas de 0.1 mL que fueron inoculadas en la periferia de placas de agar sangre haciendo una línea de 3-4 cm y se incubaron a 35°C por 24 horas en anaerobiosis (GasPak) para permitir el desplazamiento tipo “swarming”. Luego se tomaron muestras del borde de la película de “swarming”, si estaba presente, y se inocularon en placas de agar sangre (4% agar) para aislar colonias discretas. Las cepas similares a C. tetani fueron analizadas bioquímicamente y por ELISA para identificar la tetanospasmina. Resultados. Diez (33%) cepas de las 30 muestras fueron identificadas como C. tetani toxigénicos. Otras especies de clostridios que exhibieron una película de “swarming” similar fueron C. putrificum y C. glicolicum. Además se aislaron cepas de C. sporogenes, C. fallax, C. haemolyticum y C. beijerinkii. Discusión. Estos resultados confirman la alta frecuencia de cepas toxigénicas de C. tetani en suelos costarricenses, como fue descrito previamente para suelos de la Universidad de Costa Rica, de los cuales se aisló un 43% de cepas de C. tetani, el 30% de las cuales fueron toxigénicas, una proporción similar a lo descrito en el presente trabajo. Desde el punto de vista de la salud pública esta alta frecuencia de C. tetani en suelos es un recordatorio para mantener al día los esquemas de vacunación y la aplicación del toxoide tetánico a los pacientes con traumatismos para prevenir casos clínicos de tétanos.
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HANEDA, Jun, Yasumasa SHIOBARA, Masami INUI, Tomoko SEKIGUCHI, Yoshinori SATO, Yoko TAKAYAMA, Ritsuko KIKUNO, Shunji OKUDA, Matsuhisa INOUE et Takeshi SASAHARA. « Distribution of Clostridium tetani in Topsoil from Sagamihara, central Japan ». Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 80, no 6 (2006) : 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.80.690.

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Sangani, Chetan, Nimesh Shah, Manish Patel et Ranjan Patel. « Microwave assisted synthesis of novel 4h-chromene derivatives bearing phenoxypyrazole and their antimicrobial activity assess ». Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no 9 (2012) : 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc120102030s.

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A new series of 4H-chromene derivatives 4(a-p) bearing 5-phenoxypyrazole nucleus has been synthesized under microwave irradiation by reaction of 5-phenoxypyrazole-4-carbaldehyde 1(a-h), malononitrile 2 and compounds (Cyclohexanedione, Dimedon) 3(a-b) in presence of NaOH as basic catalyst. All the compounds were screened against three Gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium tetani, Bacillus subtilis), three Gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli) and two fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans) using broth microdilution MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) method. Upon study of antimicrobial screening, it has been observed that, majority of the compounds were found to be active against Clostridium tetani and Bacillus subtilis as well as against Candida albicans as compared to standard drugs.
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Morozova, E. A., V. V. Kulikova, D. V. Yashin, N. V. Anufrieva, N. Y. Anisimova, S. V. Revtovich, M. I. Kotlov, Y. F. Belyi, V. S. Pokrovsky et T. V. Demidkina. « Kinetic Parameters and Cytotoxic Activity of Recombinant Methionine γ-Lyase from Clostridium tetani, Clostridium sporogenes, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Citrobacter freundii ». Acta Naturae 5, no 3 (15 septembre 2013) : 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2013-5-3-92-98.

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The steady-state kinetic parameters of pyridoxal 5-phosphate-dependent recombinant methionine -lyase from three pathogenic bacteria, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium sporogenes, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were determined in - and -elimination reactions. The enzyme from C. sporogenes is characterized by the highest catalytic efficiency in the -elimination reaction of L-methionine. It was demonstrated that the enzyme from these three sources exists as a tetramer. The N-terminal poly-histidine fragment of three recombinant enzymes influences their catalytic activity and facilitates the aggregation of monomers to yield dimeric forms under denaturing conditions. The cytotoxicity of methionine -lyase from C. sporogenes and C. tetani in comparison with Citrobacter freundii was evaluated using K562, PC-3, LnCap, MCF7, SKOV-3, and L5178y tumor cell lines. K562 (IC50=0.4-1.3 U/ml), PC-3 (IC50=0.1-0.4 U/ml), and MCF7 (IC50=0.04-3.2 U/ml) turned out to be the most sensitive cell lines.
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Rana, Sushmita, et Arvind Kumar. « Development and Statistical Optimization of Tetanus Toxoid Loaded Mannosylated Bilosomesfor Immunization against Clostridium tetani ». International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences 12, no 1 (21 janvier 2021) : 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs.2021.12.1.p45-58.

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B.B.V, Ramanan, Ajit Kumar Pegu, Anupam Dutta, Arjit Das et Sanchu T. K. Sreeraj. « Cephalic Tetanus without Injury – A Rare Presentation of Tetanus ». Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no 20 (17 mai 2021) : 1555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/324.

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Tetanus is a rare, severe, and potentially life-threatening disease caused by Clostridium tetani, which accounted 58,900 deaths worldwide in 2013.1 Usually tetanus is generalized, rarely it can be localized also. 20-30% of cases will not have any puncture wound. In this case report, we present a case of tetanus with rare manifestation (localized tetanus presented with trismus without any puncture wound). Multiple rare associations like tetanus presenting with trismus, tetanus occurring in the absence of puncture wound strengthens the need for reporting this case which if left unnoticed would have been detrimental to the patient.
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Esposito, Gloria, Elisa Scarselli et Cinzia Traboni. « Phage display of a human antibody against Clostridium tetani toxin ». Gene 148, no 1 (octobre 1994) : 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(94)90252-6.

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SHINOHARA, Haruyuki, et Masashi SUGIURA. « A case of tetanus in which Clostridium tetani was isolated from a scab ». Japanese Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62, no 5 (2016) : 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5794/jjoms.62.267.

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Bbosa, Godfrey S., Aloysius Lubega, Nathan Musisi, David B. Kyegombe, Paul Waako, Jasper Ogwal-Okeng et Olwa Odyek. « The activity of Mangifera indica L. leaf extracts against the tetanus causing bacterium, Clostridium tetani ». African Journal of Ecology 45, s3 (décembre 2007) : 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00858.x.

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Chaudhary, Raina, Binod Karki, Sabita Bhatta et Manoj Pradhan. « Localized Tetanus : Rare and Elusive ». Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 12, no 1 (4 novembre 2013) : 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9095.

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Tetanus is acute and fatal infectious disease which is acquired due to contamination of wound with soil or animal feces containing spores of Clostridium tetani. In this case, 24 old male, serving personnel of Nepalese Army, developed localized tetanus, a rare form of tetanus nearly 3 weeks following crocodile bite in his left thigh. It was painful with involvement of only local flexor muscles at the site of injury. The aim is to incite awareness of the rare form of the Tetanus in adult which is often overlooked in clinical practice.Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/47-49DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9095
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Ahmed, Hafizuddin. « Tetanus Following Root Canal Surgery ». KYAMC Journal 3, no 1 (5 février 2013) : 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13663.

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2400 years ago Hippocrates recognised Tetanus as a dreadful disease.It is caused by a straight slender gram positive anaerobic rod-Clostridium Tetani, the toxin of which interferes with acetylecholine/cholinesterase balance at peripheral motor end plate of central nervous system causing sustained tonic spasm. Children are routinely immunized these days everywhere against Diptheria,Pertisis,Tetanus,Poliomyelitis etc.But this does not apply with aged people who were not routinely immunized during their infancy making them vulnerable to these diseases including Tetanus. Majority of Tetanus cases follow wounds(war,accidents,post-operative) contaminated with soil,manure or other external sources.Following is a rare case where tetanus occured without so called wound i.e.Clostrdium Tetani infected pulp space in the root of the tooth following root canal surgery.As the pulp space becomes a closed chamber after filling it with inert material in R.C.T. so anaerobic infection can occur here as it occured in this case of 42 year old female school teacher.All wounds however trival from whatever cause should be considered tetanus prone.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13663 KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-1, June 2012 pp.265-268
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Yamamoto, A., T. Kenri, M. Iwaki, T. Komiya, M. Takahashi et K. Shibayama. « Clostridium tetani clones identified by Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis ». Toxicon 68 (juin 2013) : 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.120.

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Patris, S., C. De Vriese, F. Prohoroff, E. Burgoa Calvo, J. Arcos Martínez et J. M. Kauffmann. « Anti-Clostridium tetani Antibody Determination in Serum Samples by Amperometric Immunosensing ». Electroanalysis 22, no 1 (14 décembre 2009) : 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200900396.

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