Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « CNUCD »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "CNUCD"
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Kalinina, A. M. "Conceptual basis of preventive counselling in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 11, no. 4 (2012): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2012-4-4-9.
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The paper presents the results of an analytical study on the complex problem of preventive counselling in patients with multifactorial chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD). Based on the extensive experience of the author and the major external sources of evidence, the conceptual principles of preventive counselling are presented for people with CNCD or CNCD risk factors (RFs), according to individual personality traits and behavioural specifics. The key requirements for the development of preventive counselling algorithms focusing on major behavioural RFs are identified, which opens a new perspective in the CNCD prevention.
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November, Andràs, Jacques Grinevald, Pierre Portas, and Christophe Dunand. "Origines, thèmes et enjeux de la CNUED." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 11 (January 1, 1992): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.1561.
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Clerc, Alain. "La CNUED, les enjeux pour la Suisse." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 11 (January 1, 1992): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.1565.
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Wang, X. R., Z. Q. Wang, T. S. Lin, P. He, R. J. Wang, and M. Y. Bao. "Preparation of complex surface coatings based on electrospark computer integrated deposition system." Assembly Automation 40, no. 2 (2020): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-01-2019-0015.
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Purpose Electrospark deposition (ESD) attracts special attention from scientists and engineers because of its unique advantages. However, the ESD process has been carried out by hand up to the present. This prevents ESD from preparing complex curve/surface coatings owing to manual operation characteristics. To meet the coating precise preparation requirements for a lot of parts with complex surface from various industrial fields, this paper aims to obtain a new automatic ESD equipment, process and preparation methodology for complex surface coatings. Design/methodology/approach By designing a special deposition holder and re-programming programmable machine controller, an ESD power supply and a computer numerical control milling machine are integrated to obtain an electrospark-computer integrated deposition system (ES-CIDS). Then, based on the ES-CIDS, a new ESD process, named electrospark-computer numerical control deposition (ES-CNCD) is developed. Furthermore, complex surface coatings are depicted using non-uniform rational B-spline mathematical model and modeled in a special software developed via MATLAB. Finally, deposition programs for a complex coating are generated using golden section interpolation method, and transferred to and executed by the ES-CIDS to accomplish the preparation of the complex surface coating. Findings This paper demonstrates that it is possible and feasible to prepare complex surface coatings via an automatic ESD process (namely, ES-CNCD) precisely. Research limitations/implications This paper can make automatic ESD process get more attention from scientific researchers and engineers, and promote the research of the ES-CNCD process/equipment. Practical implications The ES-CNCD process can be used in the manufacturing of complex surface coatings, and in the remanufacturing of complex shape parts. Social implications The ES-CIDS/ES-CNCD can promote the development of related equipment and technology, and bring opportunities and employment to ESD industry. Originality/value This work prepares complex surface coatings precisely for the first time using a new automatic ESD process (ES-CNCD), which has wide application prospects in various industries.
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Bichsel, Anne. "Développement politique et environnemental (perspective de la CNUCED)." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 11 (January 1, 1992): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.1586.
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Thérien, Jean-Philippe. "La CNUCED et la dynamique des rapports Nord-Sud (Note)." Études internationales 21, no. 2 (1990): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702664ar.
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Litscher, Thomas. "Ordre du jour de la CNUCED : préparation de la Suisse." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 11 (January 1, 1992): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.1584.
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Chavagneux, Christian. "Investissements : la Cnuced analyse les formes de mondialisation des firmes." Alternatives Économiques 263, no. 11 (2007): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ae.263.0070.
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Kontsevaya, A. V., D. K. Mukaneeva, A. O. Myrzamatova, Yu A. Balanova, M. B. Khudyakov, and O. M. Drapkina. "Economic damage of risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality from major chronic non-communicable diseases in Russia in 2016." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 19, no. 1 (2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2020-1-2396.
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Aim. To assess the socioeconomic damage of risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality from major chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in the Russian population in 2016.Material and methods. The following RF were included in the analysis: smoking, alcohol abuse, high salt intake, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, consumption of processed red meat, low physical activity, obesity, hypertension (HTN), which have a significant causal relationship with the major CNCDs: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer of 10 locations (lung, breast, cervix, ovary, prostate, kidney, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon). Based on the data on the RF prevalence in the Russian population by ESSE-RF study and relative risks by large studies, the population attributable risk for each CNCD was estimated. We used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, annual forms of Federal Statistical Observation, as well as the results of the Government Guarantee Program for free medical care and the corresponding diagnosis-related groups for 2016. The direct costs of the healthcare system and economic losses due to morbidity and mortality from the major CNCDs associated with the considered RF are determined. The calculations were performed in Microsoft Excel 10.0.Results. Indirect losses due to premature mortality prevail over direct costs of medical care and disability benefits in the economic damage structure of each RF. The largest damage of four major CNCDs was associated with HTN — 869,9 billion rubles, which is equivalent to 1,01% of gross domestic product (GDP). The next places were taken by obesity — 605,8 billion rubles (0,7% of GDP), smoking — 421,4 billion rubles (0,49% of GDP) and low physical activity — 273,0 billion rubles. (0,32% of GDP). The contribution of improper feeding (high salt intake, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, consumption of processed red meat) amounted to 0,17% of GDP (145,3 billion rubles), 0,19% of GDP (160,9 billion rubles) and 0,10% of GDP (83,4 billion rubles), respectively. Alcohol abuse made the smallest contribution to CNCD-related damage — 82,5 billion rubles (0.1% of GDP). This is due to the low prevalence of alcohol abuse in the Russian population according to ESSE-RF study.Conclusion. Assessment of the economic damage of CNCD RF allows determining the priority areas in healthcare and substantiating the effectiveness of CNCD preventive measures aimed at reducing the RF impact, and, consequently, the burden on the healthcare system and the national economy.
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Capilheira, Marcelo Fernandes, Iná S. Santos, Mario Renato Azevedo Jr., and Felipe Fossati Reichert. "Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and the CARMEN Initiative: a population-based study in the South of Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, no. 12 (2008): 2767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008001200005.
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The CARMEN Initiative is a strategy of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization that proposes population-based interventions to reduce risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) by approaching them simultaneously. The present study aims to provide a baseline for further interventions by the CARMEN Initiative based on a cross-sectional population-based study of 3,100 adults (>20 years old) in Pelotas, a city in the South of Brazil. Prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and excess weight were studied and presented separately and aggregated in various combinations. The most frequent risk factor was physical inactivity (73.2%), followed by excess weight (48.1%). Women were less active and thinner than men. More than half of the sample showed two or three risk factors (53.4%). The combination of physical inactivity and excess weight was observed in 34.7% of the sample, while 10.8% presented physical inactivity, excess weight, and hypertension concurrently. The accumulation of risk factors for CNCD is frequent in the study population and the identification of the most common combinations is essential for planning future interventions.
Thèses sur le sujet "CNUCD"
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Nóbrega, Mariana de Oliveira. "A comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa (CPLP) na busca da implementação da convenção das nações unidas de combate à desertificação." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2068.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-18<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This paper presents the main objective to analyze the Technical Cooperation Project for implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification, within the Sustainable Management of Land, recognized by the acronym PCT/INT/3201, and agreed, through a Memorandum of Understanding, between the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), given that all states of the Community are members of the Convention. Running this PCT had direct support of their own CPLP since that would serve African Countries of Portuguese Official Language and Timor Leste, and also had the technical and financial assistance of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the support and assistance of the Global Mechanism (MM) and the former Portuguese Institute for Development Support (IPAD). To achieve this greater goal, the following steps were performed: In the first chapter it studied the evolution of the international discussion on desertification. Therefore, it sought to understand the issue of desertification in a general context. Then it explored the understanding of international cooperation, based on the construction of theoretical rationalist perspectives international on relations in order to facilitate the understanding of the international discussion on desertification, to come to the knowledge of the Convention to Combat Desertification, with its various Conferences of the Parties (COP) and meetings. In the second chapter it discussed the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and its performance in relation to the environment. This objective was satisfied through the contextual study of the creation of the CPLP, specifying on which it is based, your goals and knowledge about the structure of this community. It also sought to explore the understanding of the physical space of the Member States of the CPLP and their geographical locations, and the situation of these States, in particular the PALOP and Timor Leste, in relation to the process of desertification and/or degradation of land. Then, they analyzed the international partnerships mentioned above, in the development of PCT CPLP/FAO 3201. Finally, in the third chapter, it was thoroughly investigated in this Project. Therefore, it sought to study it from the history of your proposal through the understanding of its two phases (2008-2010, 2010-2011), to examine the plans of interviews conducted with three actors, which had partial or full participation in the Project. With these interviews, it sought to develop a better understanding of the initial challenges, the difficulties of implementation, contributions and perceptions of the end situation, check the lessons learned from this PCT. It was concluded that, despite failures and difficulties presented by the project, this brought contributions to help implement the UNCCD, which will be observed throughout the work.<br>O presente trabalho apresenta como objetivo principal analisar o Projeto de Cooperação Técnica para implementação da Convenção de Combate à Desertificação, no marco da Gestão Sustentável das Terras, reconhecido pela sigla PCT CPLP/FAO 3201, acordado, por meio de um memorando de entendimento, entre a Comunidade dos Estados de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP) e a Convenção das Nações Unidas de Combate à Desertificação (CNUCD), haja vista que todos os Estados da Comunidade são membros desta Convenção. A execução deste PCT teve apoio direto da própria CPLP, uma vez que serviria aos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa e ao Timor Leste, e também contou com a assistência técnica e financeira da Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO), do Mecanismo Mundial (MM) e do antigo Instituto Português de Apoio para o Desenvolvimento (IPAD). Para o alcance desta meta maior, foram realizados os seguintes passos: No primeiro Capítulo, foi estudada a evolução da discussão internacional sobre desertificação. Para tanto, buscou-se a compreensão da questão da desertificação em um contexto geral. Em seguida, explorou-se o entendimento acerca da cooperação internacional, a partir da construção teórica de perspectivas racionalistas das relações internacionais, a fim de facilitar o entendimento da discussão internacional sobre desertificação, até chegar ao conhecimento da Convenção de Luta contra Desertificação, com suas diversas Conferências das Partes (COP) e reuniões. No segundo Capítulo, abordou-se a Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa e sua atuação em relação ao meio ambiente. Este objetivo se conformou por meio do estudo contextual da criação da CPLP, especificando em que ela se baseia, seus objetivos e o conhecimento acerca da estrutura desta Comunidade. Também buscou-se explorar o entendimento a respeito do espaço físico dos Estados-membros da CPLP e suas localizações geográficas, bem como verificou-se a situação destes Estados, em especial dos PALOP e do Timor Leste, em relação ao processo de desertificação e/ou degradação de terra. Por fim, foram analisadas as parcerias internacionais supracitadas, no desenvolvimento do PCT CPLP/FAO 3201. Finalmente, no terceiro Capítulo, foi detalhadamente analisado o presente Projeto. Para tanto, buscou-se estudá-lo, a partir dos antecedentes de sua proposta, passando pela compreensão de suas duas fases (2008-2010; 2010-2011), até a análise dos planos de entrevistas, realizados com três atores, os quais tiveram participação parcial ou inteira no Projeto. Com essas entrevistas, buscou-se desenvolver um melhor entendimento dos desafios iniciais, das dificuldades de implementação, contribuições e percepções da situação final e, verificar as lições aprendidas com esse PCT por parte dos entrevistados. Concluiu-se que, apesar das falhas e das dificuldades apresentadas pelo projeto, este trouxe contribuições para ajudar a implementar a CNUCD, que serão observadas ao longo do trabalho.
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Benamar, Boualia. "La CNUCED et le nouvel ordre économique international." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594119q.
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Thérien, Jean-Philippe. "Une Idéologie du développement : le discours de la CNUCED." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0067.
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Shabib, Falah Hassan. "Le rôle de la CNUCED dans la coopération internationale." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10044.
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Le commerce constitue pour les pays du tiers monde un instrument irremplacable pour leur developpement economique et social. C'est la raison pour laquelle l'assemblee generale des nations unies crea, en 1964, la conference des nations unies pour le commerce et le developpement (c. N. U. C. E. D. ). Deux parties composent cette recherche. La premiere est consacree au contexte historique et juridique de la mise en place de l'organisation. Ce qui suppose l'etude de sa fondation, de son evolution et de ses moyens d'action. La deuxieme partie a pour contenu le role de la c. N. U. C. E. D. Sur la scene internationale. Ce role a ete - et demeure - l'un des plus importants dans la mesure ou l'organisation oeuvre, depuis sa creation, a la transformation pro- fonde de toutes les relations economiques internationales. A cet egard, il existe une idee de continuite dans la volonte de l'organi- sation de codifier les principes devant regir les relations en ques- tion. Cette volonte se concretisa par l'adoption de la charte des droits et devoirs economiques des etats. Quoi qu'il en soit, si la c. N. U. C. E. D. A enregistre de nombreuses realisations dans son action, elle a montre en meme temps ses limites. D'ou la necessite d'une organisation internationale du commerce. Mais celle-ci n'a de sens que si elle favorise l'instauration d'un nouvel ordre economique international (n. O. E. I). En somme, il s'agit de construire une orga- nisation mondiale de troisieme generation<br>The u. N. C. T. A. D. Has recommended to the united nations general assembly that it adopt, at its nineteenth session, (there solution 1985) the following provisions, inter alia : a) the present united nations conference on trade and development should be established as an organ of the general assembly to be convened at intervals of not more than three years and with a membership comprising those states which are members of the united nations, the specialized agencies, or the international atomic energy agency. B) the principal functions of the conference shall be : 1 - to promote international trade, especially withe a view to accele- rating economic development, particularly trade between countries at different stages of development, between developing countries and between countries with different systems of economic and social orga- nization, taking into account the functions performed by existing international organizations; 2 - to formulate principles and policies on international trade and related problems of economic development; 3 - to make proposals for putting the said principles and policies into effect and to take such other steps within its competence as may be relevant to this end, having regard to differences in economic systems and stages of development; 4 - generally, to review and facilitate the coordination of activities of other institutions within the united nations system in the field of international trade and related pro- blems of economic development, and in this regard to co-operate with the general assembly and the economic and social council in respect to the performance of their charter responsibilities for co-ordination; 5 - to initiate action, where appropriate, in cooperation with the competent organs of the united nations for the negotiation and adop- tion of multilateral legal instruments in the field of trade, with due regard to the adequacy of existing organs of negociation and without duplication of their activities
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Soumaoro, Souleymane. "L'adaptation de la CNUCED au nouveau cadre de la coopération internationale pour le développement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010267.
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En dépit des transformations profondes et multiples qui se sont produites dans l'environnement économique mondial au cours des 40 dernières années, qu'il s'agisse de l'interdépendance économique de plus en plus marquée entre les nations, de l'apparition de blocs commerciaux et de mouvements d'intégration économique, ou de la création récente de l'OMC, bon nombre des problèmes de commerce et de développement en raison desquels la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement (CNUCED) avait été créée n'ont pas changé et continuent d'accabler la majorité des pays en développement et plus spécialment les PMA. De ce fait, le mandat de la CNUCED n'a rien perdu de sa pertinence ni de son urgence. Cependant, l'institution devait s'adapter à l'évolution du cadre de la coopération internationale pour le développement, institué par l'ONU ; et rénové au lendemain de la guerre froide. La CNUCED est donc réformée afin d'accroître l'utilité et l'efficacité de son rôle.
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Chabannes, Claire. "La libération des services dans le cas de l'assurance maritime : aspects communautaires et internationaux." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL20002.
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L'importance croissante des services dans le commerce international conduit les etats a essayer de determiner les obstacles aux echanges de services afin de supprimer les entraves injustifiees et d'ameliorer la cooperation internationale dans ce domaine. Parmi les services faisant l'objet de mesures de liberation au plan international, l'assurance maritime occupe une place a part en raison du caractere international et peu reglemente de son marche, ainsi que de l'importance des sommes en jeu qui justifie le recours a la coassurance et a la reassurance. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'evaluer l'impact des mesures de liberation sur les legislations nationales reglementant l'acces au marche et les conditions d'exercice de l'activite d'assurance maritime. (. . . )<br>The growing importance of services in inter. National trade has led states to try to determine the barriers to exchange of services, in order to eliminate injustified obstacles and to improve international cooperation in this field. Among the services which are subjected to international measures of uberation, marine insurance holds a special position because of the international and not very regulated nature of its market, which justify the recourse to coinsurance and reinsurance. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of liberation on national legislations, which regulate access to the market and the conditions of exercice in marine insurance. The eec realizations are the most important because of their juridical perfection. (. . . )
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Maria, Simone Hernandes Campos. "Estado nutricional e fatores associados em militares da Força Aérea Brasileira na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-14092012-100639/.
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Introdução - O excesso de peso e obesidade está presente nos indivíduos que compõem as Forças Armadas em nível mundial, sendo relacionados a estilos de vida inadequados, tornando o risco de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT(s)) uma grande preocupação. Objetivo - Avaliar o estado nutricional de militares da Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB) na cidade de São Paulo e sua relação com dados sociodemográficos, consumo alimentar, estilo de vida e DCNT(s). Métodos - A população de estudo foi de 1.241 militares do gênero masculino, pertencentes às sete Organizações Militares da FAB na cidade de São Paulo. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada segundo o IMC e o %G, observando-se o grau de associação e a proporção de concordância entre eles a fim de verificar o melhor parâmetro de classificação do estado nutricional dos militares, o qual foi submetido à análise estatística com as demais variáveis e distribuído em percentis por estágio de vida a fim de utilização como referência. Resultados - A maioria apresenta idade ≤ 30 anos (76,7%), estado civil solteiro (70,3%), escolaridade de 12 ou mais anos (60,1%) e classes de renda C, D e E (86,2%). Grande parte dos militares (84,8%) realiza menos de cinco refeições ao dia e somente 2,3% consomem alimentos fonte de fibras conforme a recomendação, enquanto 33,4% ingerem alimentos ricos em gorduras em quantidades altas. Um elevado percentual (83,9%) de indivíduos nunca fumou e 7,8% são ex-fumantes, além de 97,2% não consumirem bebidas alcoólicas acima da recomendação. Cerca de 2/3 da população é ativa ou muito ativa fisicamente. A existência de hipertensao, diabetes tipo 2 e dislipidemia foi observada em, respectivamente, 4,9%, 0,6% e 4,4% dos militares e o risco de complicações metabólicas em 20,2%. Constatou-se que o IMC subestima a real prevalência de obesidade, sendo o %G considerado melhor indicador da gordura corporal, resultando em 0,9% de indivíduos em baixo peso, 61,8% em eutrofia, 17,6% em excesso de peso e 19,7% em obesidade. Verificou-se diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o excesso de peso/obesidade e a maioria das variáveis. Conclusão - Observou-se uma elevada prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade na população de militares, sendo relacionada a diversos fatores, os quais deverão ser melhor explorados em pesquisas longitudinais.<br>Introduction - Overweight and obesity are present in Armed Forces personnel on a worldwide level, are related to inadequate lifestyles and are becoming a worrisome chronic non-communicable disease (CNCD(s)) risk. Objetive - To evaluate the nutritional status of Brazilian Air Force (BAF) personnel in the city of São Paulo and its relation with sociodemographic variables, food intake, lifestyle and CNCDs. Methods - The study population included 1,241 male military personnel belonging to the seven BAF military organizations in the city of São Paulo. Nutritional status was evaluated by means of BMI and %BF, observing the degree of association and proportion of agreement between the two methods in order to verify the better parameter for classifying the nutritional status of military personnel. The results were submitted to statistical analysis along with the other variables and distributed in percentiles according to life stage in order to serve as a reference. Results - The majority were ≤ 30 years of age (76.7%), single (70.3%), had completed 12 or more years of school (60.1%) and had income levels C, D and E (86.2%). A large majority of the personnel (84.8%) had less than five means per day and only 2.3% consumed the recommended amount of fiber, while 33.4% consumed high quantities of foods rich in fat. A high percentage (83.9%) of individuals had never smoked and 7.8% were ex-smokers, while 97.2% did not drink more than recommended amounts of alcoholic beverages. Approximately 2/3 of the population was either physically active or very active. The existence of systemic arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia was observed in 4.9%, 0.6% and 4.4% of the servicemen, respectively, and the risk of metabolic complications was 20.2%. Because BMI underestimated the real presence of obesity, %BF was considered the better indicator of body fat, resulting in 0.9% of the subjects being classified as underweight, 61.8% as normal weight, 17.6% overweight and 19.7% as obese. Statistically significant differences were found between overweight/obesity and the majority of the variables. Conclusion - A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in this population of military personnel, which was related to a variety of factors that should be better explored in longitudinal studies.
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Agbodjan, Prince Hervé. "Le droit de l’omc et l’agriculture : analyse critique et prospective du système de régulation des subventions agricoles." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40053/document.
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Du GATT de 1947 à l’OMC, l’encadrement juridique de l’agriculture demeure un processus difficile et laborieux tant dans ses aspects processuels, normatifs qu’institutionnels. Le cadre décisionnel de l’OMC marqué du sceau du « consensus », peine à instituer un cadre normatif satisfaisant. De plus, la conclusion d’un Accord global sur les politiques agricoles est retardée par des stratégies de blocage ou des coalitions de circonstance lors des négociations multilatérales successives. La question agricole se retrouve donc coincée entre des enjeux nationaux et des logiques d’économie politique que ni le droit positif de l’OMC, ni les processus décisionnels en vigueur à l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce ne parviennent à résorber. Par ailleurs, le processus de démantèlement des barrières tarifaires a laissé place à des politiques nationales de subventionnement massif que les accords sur l’agriculture et celui sur les subventions et mesures compensatoires tentent en vain d’endiguer. Cette thèse jette donc un regard critique sur ce phénomène à travers une réflexion approfondie du statut juridique de l’agriculture en général et du traitement particulier des subventions agricoles. De cette analyse, il ressort que l’impasse de Doha relève d’une triple carence du système de régulation des subventions agricoles. D’abord, une carence du cadre normatif découlant du « péché originel » de l’exception agricole largement décrite dans la première partie de la thèse. Ensuite, et telles que décrites dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, une carence institutionnelle relevant de l’inadaptation de l’architecture de l’OMC, principalement le processus décisionnel face au phénomène du subventionnement agricole et une carence structurelle liée au déroulement des négociations multilatérales. La thèse démontre donc que cette triple carence explique pourquoi il demeure difficile au processus de Doha de déboucher sur des engagements contraignants en terme d’élimination des subventions agricoles et en terme de politiques de développement favorables aux PED et PMA. La thèse démontre aussi que l’impuissance du « système OMC » face aux divergences agricoles animées notamment par les États-Unis, l’UE, le groupe de Cairns et le groupe africain sur le coton découle de cette triple carence. Prospectivement, il s’est donc avéré nécessaire de formuler des alternatives nouvelles reposant sur l’introduction des logiques d’efficacité lors de l’élaboration et de l’application des mesures anti-subvention ainsi que dans les techniques de négociations commerciales multilatérales<br>From GATT 1947 to WTO, the legal framework of agriculture remains a difficult and laborious process in its procedural aspects as well as in its normative and institutional ones. The decision framework of the WTO is marked by the seal of "consensus" and hardly allows to establish a satisfactory regulatory framework. A comprehensive agreement on agricultural policy has been postponed by blocking strategies or ad hoc coalitions at the critical times of the successive multilateral negotiations. Therefore, the agricultural question is being smothered by national issues and the logic of political economy which neither positive law of the WTO, nor the decision-making processes in force at the World Trade Organization have been able to resorb. The process of dismantling trade barriers has given way to national policies of massive subsidizing that the agreements on Agriculture and on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures have tried to stem in vain. This thesis reviews this phenomenon with a critical eye through an extensive consideration of the legal status of agriculture in general and the special treatment of agricultural subsidies. This analysis shows that the dead-end situation in the Doha negotiations result from a triple deficiency of the regulatory system on agricultural subsidies: (1) a deficiency of the regulatory framework resulting from the "original sin" of the agricultural exception, (2) an institutional deficiency coming from the inadequacy of the architecture of the WTO, mainly the decision-making process in relation to the phenomenon of agricultural subsidies and (3) a structural deficiency related to the conduct of the multilateral negotiations. This thesis demonstrates that these three deficiencies explain why it remains difficult for the process of Doha to bring binding commitments on the elimination of agricultural subsidies and development policies which would favour of developing countries and LDCs. The thesis also reveals that the inability of the "WTO system" to cope with diverging views over agriculture mainly livened up by the United States, the EU, the Cairns Group and the African Group on cotton results from those three deficiencies. A prospective analysis leads to the formulation of new alternative solutions based on the introduction of logics of efficiency in the elaboration and application of anti subsidy measures altogether with multilateral trade negotiation techniques
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Lakrouf, Slimane. "Contribution a l'etude du statut juridique differencie des pays moins avances dans la cooperation nord sud et sud-sud." Lille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL20006.
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La proclamation en 1971 par l'assemblee generale des nations unies d'une premiere liste de pays dits nettement les moins avances est le fruit des efforts deployes conjointement par la c. N. U. C. E. D, le comite de planification du developpement et divers groupes d'experts. La specificite de ces pays dont la constitution en sous-categorie distincte des autres p. E. D. Est incontestable, ne peut apparaitre qu'au travers de la theorie economique de rattrapage. De nombreuses resolutions de la c. N. U. C. E. D. Et de l'assemblee generale des nations unies n'ont pas cesse d'indiquer que, a raison de leur moindre avancement, ces etats devraient beneficier d'un traitement plus favorable encore que les autres pays en developpement. Le nouveau programme substanciel d'action que la communaute internationale a adopte en 1981 en faveur de ces pays les plus pauvres, fixe des orientations et des objectifs dont le respect est verifie par un dispositif original de suivi<br>A first list of countries considered as the least developped among developing countries has has bean identified in 1971. This iniative was the result of a process undertaken by u. N. C. T. A. D united nations general assembly and various experts groups. The specificity of theses states which form a separate category of developing countries can be understood only in reference to walter rostow's theory. United nations general assembly and u. N. C. T. A. D. Recommended in their resolutions to offer a special treatment to the poorest. In september 1981, the international community adopted a new substantial programm of action in favour of the least developped countries. This programm lays down orientations, means of action and even a genvine process of control
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MacDonald, Tara. "Ignoring a Silent Killer: Obesity & Food Security in the Caribbean (Case Study: Barbados)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23229.
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Obesity and obesity-related diseases – such as type 2 diabetes – have become the most crucial indicators of population health in the 21st century. Formerly understood as ‘diseases of affluence’, obesity is now prevalent in the Global South posing serious risk to socioeconomic development. This is particularly true for rapidly developing countries where nutrition transitions are most apparent. There are many factors which impact on risk of obesity (e.g. gender, culture, environment, socioeconomic status, biological determinants). The problem is further aggravated within small island developing states where food security is exacerbated by factors associated with globalization and development. The thesis examines the surge of obesity and type 2 diabetes within Caribbean populations, using Barbados as a case study. A holistic approach was applied using an ecological health model. Moving away from the lifestyle model, the theoretical framework underpinning included sub-theories (e.g. social constructivism, feminism, post-colonial theory, concepts of memory and trauma).
Livres sur le sujet "CNUCD"
1
Nations, United. Soumissions collusoires: Étude du secrétariat de la CNUCED. United Nations, 1985.
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2
Boualia, Benamar. La CNUCED et le nouvel ordre économique international. En.A.P., 1987.
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3
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD, 1963-1983: Bibliography = CNUCED, 1963-1983 : bibliographie. United Nations, 1987.
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Une voix pour le Sud: Le discours de la CNUCED. Éditions l'Harmattan, 1990.
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5
Assonitis, Georges. Réglementation internationale des transports maritimes dans le cadre de la CNUCED. Presses universitaires de France, 1991.
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6
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2014: Manuel de statistiques de la CNUCED 2014. United Nations Publications, 2014.
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Marti, Brigitte. Le programme intégré pour les produits de base de la CNUCED: Le cas particulier de la Suisse. Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1986.
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ERCIM Database Research Group. Workshop. 3rd ERCIM Database Research Group Workshop on updates and constraints handling in advanced database systems: CNUCE ... Pisa, Italy, September 28-30, 1992. European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, 1994.
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United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Rapport national sur l'etat de l'environnement au Togo: Pour la conference mondiale sur l'environnement et le developpement CNUED, juin 1992 au Bresil. s.n., 1992.
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Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362.
Texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "CNUCD"
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"Publications de la CNUCED sur les STN et lIED." In Etudes de la CNUCED sur les politiques d'investissement international au service du développement. Conference des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/be219a92-fr.
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"Indice de connectivité des transports maritimes réguliers de la CNUCED." In Etudes sur les transports maritimes. UN, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/6939d477-fr.
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"Indice de connectivité des transports maritimes réguliers de la CNUCED." In Étude sur les Transports Maritimes 2010. UN, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/ff99cac2-fr.
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"Bibliographie." In Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362c011.
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"Les capacités productives: Traduire un concept abstrait en un indice composite mesurable." In Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362c007.
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"Avant-propos." In Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362c003.
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"Classement et résultats des pays ou territoires selon l’indice des capacités productives, par catégorie, 2018." In Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362c012.
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"Indice des capacités productives: Mesure et performance." In Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362c008.
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"Note." In Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362c002.
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"Abréviations." In Indice des capacités productives de la CNUCED. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210054362c004.
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