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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Coastal event »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 1 avril 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Coastal event"

Dohner, Stephanie M., et Carter B. DuVal. « Quantifying Estuarine Hydrometeorological Coastal Hazards Using a Combined Field Observation and Modeling Approach ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n^o 3 (28 février 2022) : 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030335.

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Coastal development and its associated site management have rapidly expanded to estuarine environments while continuing to increase worldwide. With the growth of coastal management projects, field observations are required to understand how anthropogenic construction, coastal defense, environmental restoration, and conservation areas will react to the typical, extreme, and long-term conditions at the proposed sites. To address these unknowns, we present a multi-faceted coastal risk assessment of a unique, recently nourished estuarine beach near the mouth of the Delaware Bay Estuary by merging rapid-response remote sensing platforms, hydrodynamic models, and publically available monitoring datasets. Specifically, hydrometeorological events from 2015 to 2019 were the focus of peak-over-threshold statistics, event type definition, and clustered event interval determination. The 95th percentile thresholds were determined to be the following: 0.84 m for the significant wave height, 13.5 m/s for the 10-m elevation wind speed, and 0.4 m for the total water level residuals. Tropical and extra-tropical cyclones, light gales, or cold and stationary fronts proved to be the meteorological causes of the sediment mobility, inducing the hydrodynamics at the site. Using these event types and exceedance instances, clustered meteorological events were defined as having an interval greater than twelve hours but less than five days to be considered clustered. Clustered events were observed to cause greater volumetric change than individual events, and are currently underrepresented in coastal risk planning and response in the region. Coastal monitoring field measurements should consider clustered events when conducting post-hazardous or erosional event response surveys. This work highlights the importance of clustered hydrometeorological events causing estuarine coastal risk, and how to quantify these effects through combined field observations and modeling approaches.

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Evelpidou, Niki, Christos Zerefos, Costas Synolakis, Christos Repapis, Anna Karkani, Miltiadis Polidorou et Giannis Saitis. « Coastal Boulders on the SE Coasts of Cyprus as Evidence of Palaeo-Tsunami Events ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, n^o 10 (19 octobre 2020) : 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100812.

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Cyprus has a long history of tsunami events, as noted by archaeological and geological records. At Cape Greco (southeastern Cyprus) large boulders have been noted, however, no detailed geomorphological research has taken place so far and the related high energy event was undated until now. Our research aims to record in detail and interpret these large boulders deposits. The boulders, located between ≈3 and 4.5 m a.m.s.l., are fragments of an upper Pleistocene aeolianite, which is overlaying unconformly a lower Pleistocene calcarenite. Dimensions and spatial distribution of 272 small, medium, and large boulders were documented, while their precise distance from the coastline was recorded by field mapping and remote sensing, using Differential GPS (DGPS), drone, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technics. Field data were subsequently combined with hydrodynamic equations, in order to determine the extreme event(s) that caused their transport inland, and radiocarbon dating was accomplished on three samples of Vermetus sp. to determine the chronological context. Our findings appear to broadly correlate with the 1303 AD tsunami, which has displaced at least part of the studied boulders, and one other undocumented event at AD 1512-1824. The large number of boulders and sizes in our study area further indicate that their dislocation is most likely owed to multiple events from various sources.

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McKiver, W. J., G. Sannino, F. Braga et D. Bellafiore. « Investigation of model capability in capturing vertical hydrodynamic coastal processes : a case study in the north Adriatic Sea ». Ocean Science 12, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2016) : 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-51-2016.

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Abstract. In this work we consider a numerical study of hydrodynamics in the coastal zone using two different models, SHYFEM (shallow water hydrodynamic finite element model) and MITgcm (Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model), to assess their capability to capture the main processes. We focus on the north Adriatic Sea during a strong dense water event that occurred at the beginning of 2012. This serves as an interesting test case to examine both the models strengths and weaknesses, while giving an opportunity to understand how these events affect coastal processes, like upwelling and downwelling, and how they interact with estuarine dynamics. Using the models we examine the impact of setup, surface and lateral boundary treatment, resolution and mixing schemes, as well as assessing the importance of nonhydrostatic dynamics in coastal processes. Both models are able to capture the dense water event, though each displays biases in different regions. The models show large differences in the reproduction of surface patterns, identifying the choice of suitable bulk formulas as a central point for the correct simulation of the thermohaline structure of the coastal zone. Moreover, the different approaches in treating lateral freshwater sources affect the vertical coastal stratification. The results indicate the importance of having high horizontal resolution in the coastal zone, specifically in close proximity to river inputs, in order to reproduce the effect of the complex coastal morphology on the hydrodynamics. A lower resolution offshore is acceptable for the reproduction of the dense water event, even if specific vortical structures are missed. Finally, it is found that nonhydrostatic processes are of little importance for the reproduction of dense water formation in the shelf of the north Adriatic Sea.

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McKiver, W. J., G. Sannino, F. Braga et D. Bellafiore. « Investigation of model capability in capturing vertical hydrodynamic coastal processes : a case study in the North Adriatic Sea ». Ocean Science Discussions 12, n^o 4 (3 août 2015) : 1625–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1625-2015.

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Abstract. In this work we consider a numerical study of hydrodynamics in the coastal zone using two different models, SHYFEM and MITgcm, to assess their capability to capture the main processes. We focus on the North Adriatic Sea during a strong dense water event that occurred at the beginning of 2012. This serves as an interesting test case to examine both the models strengths and weaknesses, while giving an opportunity to understand how these events affect coastal processes, like upwelling and downwelling, and how they interact with estuarine dynamics. Using the models we examine the impact of setup, surface and lateral boundary treatment, resolution and mixing schemes, as well as assessing the importance of nonhydrostatic dynamics in coastal processes. Both models are able to capture the dense water event, though each displays biases in different regions. The models show large differences in the reproduction of surface patterns, identifying the choice of suitable bulk formulas as a central point for the correct simulation of the thermohaline structure of the coastal zone. Moreover, the different approaches in treating lateral freshwater sources affect the vertical coastal stratification. The results indicate the importance of having high horizontal resolution in the coastal zone, specifically in close proximity to river inputs, in order to reproduce the effect of the complex coastal morphology on the hydrodynamics. A lower resolution offshore is acceptable for the reproduction of the dense water event, even if specific vortical structures are missed. Finally, it is found that nonhydrostatic processes are of little importance for the reproduction of dense water formation in the shelf of the North Adriatic Sea.

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Minihane, M. R., et D. L. Freyberg. « Precipitation patterns and moisture fluxes in a sandy, tropical environment with a shallow water table ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, n^o 4 (24 août 2011) : 8063–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-8063-2011.

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Abstract. Identifying the dominant mechanisms controlling recharge in shallow sandy soils in tropical climates has received relatively little attention. Given the expansion of coastal fill using marine sands and the growth of coastal populations throughout the tropics, there is a need to better understand the nature of water balances in these settings. We use time series of field observations at a coastal landfill in Singapore coupled with numerical modeling using the Richards' equation to examine the impact of precipitation patterns on soil moisture dynamics, including percolation past the root zone and recharge, in such an environment. A threshold in total precipitation event depth, much more so than peak precipitation intensity, is the strongest event control on recharge. However, shallow antecedent moisture, and therefore the timing between events along with the seasonal depth to water table, also play significant roles in determining recharge amounts. For example, at our field site, precipitation events of less than 3 mm per event yield little to no direct recharge, but for larger events, moisture content changes below the root zone are linearly correlated to the product of the average antecedent moisture content and the total event precipitation. Therefore, water resources planners need to consider identifying threshold precipitation volumes, along with the multiple time scales that capture variability in event antecedent conditions and storm frequency in assessing the role of recharge in coastal water balances in tropical settings.

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Jeppsson, Lennart, et Mikael Calner. « The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo–secundo events ». Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh : Earth Sciences 93, n^o 2 (juin 2002) : 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000377.

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ABSTRACTGraphic correlation using graptolites and conodonts provides a high-resolution timescale for correlating from coastal to deep oceanic sections and, thereby, also a detailed record of the sequence of changes during the Mulde Secundo-Secundo Event. That interval includes sedimentary facies otherwise unknown in older Wenlock to early Ludlow strata on Gotland. The identified sequence of changes includes a detailed record of, in order: two extinctions (Datum points 1 and 1·5); widespread deposition of carbon-rich sediments extensive enough to cause a δ13C increase of c. 4.8‰, the onset, maximum and end of a sea-level fall and rise of at least 16 m during 30 kyr; a third extinction (Datum 2); a disaster fauna; and a slow faunal recovery. Thus, a secondary result of the event was a weakened greenhouse effect triggering a glaciation: the Gannarve Glaciation (new term). The order of changes proves that regression did not cause the extinctions. Faunal and sea-level changes, as well as the sedimentary succession, fit well with predictions based on an oceanic model. Extinctions were primarily caused by a severe drop in primary planktonic productivity, causing starvation among planktonic larvae in non-coastal settings. The Grötlingbo Bentonite (new term), the thickest in the Wenlock of Gotland, was deposited across the basin shortly after Datum 2. Temporal resolution is high enough to permit some comparison with Quaternary glaciations.

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ISAGAWA, Teruyuki, Osamu MURAO et Ryuzo OHNO. « COASTAL RESIDENTS' BEHAVIOR IN THE EVENT OF TSUNAMI ». Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 77, n^o 681 (2012) : 2525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.77.2525.

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Aucoin, Samuel, Bruno Tremblay et Robert Newton. « Coastal Sea-Ice Break-Up Events in Beringia ». McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 17, n^o 1 (8 avril 2022) : 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v17i1.172.

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We quantify changes in break‐up events of landfast ice in the transition from a perennial to a seasonal sea ice cover in the Arctic. A break‐up event is defined as a time when coastal sea ice concentration drops below 95% after a minimum period of 10 days of stable ice conditions. To this end we analyze output diagnostics from the Community Earth System Model (Version 1) – Large Ensemble from 1920 to 2080, focusing on six coastal communities of Alaska, Chukotka, and the Kamtchatka Peninsula: Utqiaġvik, Point Hope, Gambell, Novoye Chaplino, Sireniki, and Pakhachi. Model results generally agree with the satellite record with open water formation along the coastline associated with sustained offshore winds, although the sensitivity of CESM1‐LE is higher than that of observations due to the absence of a landfast ice parameterization in CESM1‐ LE. Specifically, we see a linear relationship between the magnitude of the opening and offshore surface wind stresses integrated over the 10 days prior to the opening event, (p‐value < 0.01). While the break‐up event frequency increases (5.53 × 10−5 events/day/year for Utqiagvik) in the 21st century due to the thin- ning, or weakening, of the landfast ice cover, the total number of winter break‐up events decreases due to a shortening of the winter season (mean of ‐5.3 days/decade).

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Lazarus, Eli D., Kirstin L. Davenport et Ana Matias. « Dynamic allometry in coastal overwash morphology ». Earth Surface Dynamics 8, n^o 1 (21 janvier 2020) : 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-37-2020.

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Abstract. Allometry refers to a physical principle in which geometric (and/or metabolic) characteristics of an object or organism are correlated to its size. Allometric scaling relationships typically manifest as power laws. In geomorphic contexts, scaling relationships are a quantitative signature of organization, structure, or regularity in a landscape, even if the mechanistic processes responsible for creating such a pattern are unclear. Despite the ubiquity and variety of scaling relationships in physical landscapes, the emergence and development of these relationships tend to be difficult to observe – either because the spatial and/or temporal scales over which they evolve are so great or because the conditions that drive them are so dangerous (e.g. an extreme hazard event). Here, we use a physical experiment to examine dynamic allometry in overwash morphology along a model coastal barrier. We document the emergence of a canonical scaling law for length versus area in overwash deposits (washover). Comparing the experimental features, formed during a single forcing event, to 5 decades of change in real washover morphology from the Ria Formosa barrier system, in southern Portugal, we find differences between patterns of morphometric change at the event scale versus longer timescales. Our results may help inform and test process-based coastal morphodynamic models, which typically use statistical distributions and scaling laws to underpin empirical or semi-empirical parameters at fundamental levels of model architecture. More broadly, this work dovetails with theory for landscape evolution more commonly associated with fluvial and alluvial terrain, offering new evidence from a coastal setting that a landscape may reflect characteristics associated with an equilibrium or steady-state condition even when features within that landscape do not.

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Duo, Enrico, Arthur Chris Trembanis, Stephanie Dohner, Edoardo Grottoli et Paolo Ciavola. « Local-scale post-event assessments with GPS and UAV-based quick-response surveys : a pilot case from the Emilia–Romagna (Italy) coast ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, n^o 11 (12 novembre 2018) : 2969–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2969-2018.

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Abstract. Coastal communities and assets are exposed to flooding and erosion hazards due to extreme storm events, which may increase in intensity due to climatological factors in the incoming future. Coastal managers are tasked with developing risk-management plans mitigating risk during all phases of the disaster cycle. This necessitates rapid, time-efficient post-event beach surveys that collect physical data in the immediate aftermath of an event. Additionally, the inclusion of local stakeholders in the assessment process via personal interviews captures the social dimension of the impact of the event. In this study, a local protocol for post-event assessment, the quick-response protocol, was tested on a pilot site on the Emilia–Romagna (Italy) coast in the aftermath of an extreme meteorological event that occurred in February 2015. Physical data were collected using both real-time kinematic Geographical Positions Systems and unmanned aerial vehicle platforms. Local stakeholders were interviewed by collecting qualitative information on their experiences before, during, and after the event. Data comparisons between local and regional surveys of this event highlighted higher data resolution and accuracy at the local level, enabling improved risk assessment for future events of this magnitude. The local survey methodology, although improvable from different technical aspects, can be readily integrated into regional surveys for improved data resolution and accuracy of storm impact assessments on the regional scale to better inform coastal risk managers during mitigation planning.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Coastal event"

Shah-Hosseini, Majid. « Geomorphic evolution and coastal hazards along the Iranian coast of Makran ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3010.

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Cette thèse a deux objectifs principaux: (i) la reconstruction de l'évolution des plaines côtières autour des baies de Chabahar et de Pozm et (ii) L'évaluation des risques côtiers (tsunamis et tempêtes extrêmes) par l'étude des dépôts de haute énergie. Vastes plaines côtières et paleo-rivages protégées par des terrasses marines soulevées sont présents autour des baies de Chabahar et Pozm. Nous avons mise en évidence des changements du niveau marin relatif le long de quatre profils. L'architecture interne des paleo-rivages a été imagée en utilisant le géoradar (GPR). Des analyses sédimentologiques et stratigraphiques des séquences côtières ont été examinées par carottages et tranchées. Les paleo-rivages sont datées entre 4800 et 270 ans BP à des distances respectives de 5 km et de 670 m du rivage actuel. La position spatiale des paléo-rivages montre une chute du niveau relatif de la mer de 15 m au cours des 4800 derniers années. Nous insistons aussi sur le rôle de contrôle des structures géologiques. Les dépôts d'événements (tsunami et tempêtes) ont été étudiés en contexte de côte meuble par Les sédiments sableux et coquilliers d'origine marine, et sur les côtes rocheuses par les dépôt des blocs déplacés. Nous avons appliqué des modèles hydrologiques pour évaluer et comparer la hauteur des vagues et la distance d'inondation. Nos résultats montrent qu'aucun événement de tempête, connu ou potentiel, n'est capable de transporter les blocs observés. Des vagues de tsunamis de l'ordre de 4 m de hauteur sont suffisantes pour transporter les blocs. La côte de Makran a enregistré des indices de paléo-tsunamis probablement générés par de grands séismes dans la zone de subduction
In this thesis we have two main goals: (i) to reconstruct the Holocene coastal evolution and relative sea-level changes using strandplains around the Chabahar and Pozm bays; and (ii) to evaluate coastal hazards (tsunami and extreme storms) along the Iranian coast of Makran using high-energy deposits. Since the mid-Holocene, the shoreline rimming the bays of Chabahar and Pozm has prograded ~5 km and formed extensive strandplains. We documented relative sea-level changes along four coast-normal profiles. Internal architecture of strandplain imaged using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The sedimentology and stratigraphy of the coastal sequence were studied by coring and trenching. The highest paleo-coastline is located about 5 km inland and stands approximately 15 m above present sea level. Paleo-shorelines date back between 4800 and 270 years BP at respective distances of 5 km to 670 m from the active shoreline. The spatial position of the palaeo-coastlines demonstrates a fall in local sea level of around 15 m during the last ~4800 years. Event deposits attesting to high-energy waves have been studied in low-lying coast by study of Over-washed sandy and shelly marine sediment and on the rocky shore by study of displaced boulder deposits. We applied hydrologic models to estimate the height and inundation distance of exceptional waves. Our results demonstrate that no known or probable storm is capable of detaching and transporting the boulders. Tsunami waves 4 m in height are enough to transport the boulders. We conclude the Makran coast has archived evidence of palaeo-tsunami events generated in the Makran subduction zone

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Narwich, Charles Bryan. « Event Stratigraphy Based on Geochemical Anomalies within a Mixed-Sediment Backbarrier Sequence, Southern New Jersey ». Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/194335.

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Geology
M.S.
Detection of large-magnitude coastal events, especially in wave-dominated retrograding barrier settings, has traditionally relied upon lithological evidence, such as distinct overwash sand layers within the muddy backbarrier sequences. In tide-dominated environments, unconformities in marsh stratigraphy have been interpreted as rapid drowning or erosion events caused by large storms. In transitional mixed-energy backbarrier environments, however, clearly identifiable event horizons are rare, due to unfavorable conditions for peat formation or to a lack of overwash. To address these challenges, the present study utilized X-ray fluorescence (XRF), magnetic susceptibility (MS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques to identify anomalies within 4-to-7-m-thick sequences recovered from Sewell Point, Cape May, New Jersey. In these cores, at least five peaks were identified that exhibit up to three-to-four-fold increase in Fe (up to 6.2%) and Ti (up to 0.5%) concentrations and a substantial increase in MS values (> 200 μSI). The sand fraction at these intervals exceeds 40% and is represented by moderately well-sorted, negatively-skewed, fine-grained sand (2.7 φ). Fe, Ti, and MS are positively cross correlated due to the relatively high content of sand-sized heavy minerals such as magnetite, rutile, ilmenite and biotite, as well as phlogopite and muscovite mica. These minerals were also identified using a Rigaku Dmax/B X-ray diffraction device. Seven radiocarbon-dated in situ samples of intertidal gastropods and the few available rhizomes indicate that the Sewell Point sequence accumulated over the past 900-1,000 years, at an average sedimentation rate greater than 4.5 mm/yr, which is consistent with its proximity to a historically active tidal inlet. Lithological anomalies at Sewell Point are interpreted as the signatures of episodic large-magnitude sediment fluxes into the paleo-lagoon. The calibrated ages of organic remains (mollusks and rhizomes) constrain chronology and allow interpretation of these stratigraphic layers as event horizons with historical storms of 1594, 1743 and 1821, along with pre-historic storms in the 11th-13th centuries. This research indicates that geochemically diagnostic intervals offer an effective tool for detection of event horizons and their regional correlation in mixed-sediment backbarrier settings.
Temple University--Theses

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Larson, Rebekka Amie. « High-Resolution Event Stratigraphy of mm-Scale Laminated Sediments from Coastal Salt Ponds : St. John, US Virgin Islands ». Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3196.

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A multi-proxy approach is utilized on mm- to cm-scale laminated sediment records in coastal salt ponds on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands to characterize the sediments, identify their sources and depositional processes/events (heavy rainfall, tropical cyclones, tsunamis). Historical records are combined with high-resolution geochronology (short-lived radioisotopes, 210Pb, 137Cs, 7Be) and scanning elemental techniques (XRF and LA-ICP-MS) to link depositional events to how they are manifested in the sedimentary record. Volcanic rocks are the terrigenous sediment source and the sedimentary signature of terrigenous sediment in the geologic record consists of higher amounts of Al, Fe, Ti, Co, and Si, and is associated with terrigenous runoff due to rainfall events. A minimum threshold value of >2.0 mm per day (minimum to erode and transport terrigenous sediment downslope) of rainfall has been determined for the study area. The frequency of heavy rainfall events that exceed the threshold of >2.0 mm per day is significantly correlated to the amount of terrigenous sediment accumulation of the terrigenous indictor element Al measured by scanning LA-ICP-MS. There is a robust sedimentary record of terrigenous sediment runoff that is a function of the frequency of heavy rainfall events (exceed threshold). Variability in the sedimentary record reflects changes between periods of "wet" increased frequency of heavy rainfall events and "dry" decreased frequency of heavy rainfall events. Tropical cyclones and tsunamis can cause marine overwash into salt ponds leading to deposition of marine sediments. Elemental scans for Ca and Sr and overwash indicator elements are complicated by grain size effects of LA-ICP-MS techniques, as well the difficulty in differentiating between tropical cyclone overwash deposits and tsunami deposits. By defining the sedimentary signature for depositional events , geologic records can be interpreted to provide insight into the natural variability of these processes throughout geologic time for comparisons to the more recent anthropogenic time period. This study provides a framework that can be applied to other coastal environments on high-relief tropical islands, to compare local records, and provide information on regional processes controlling rainfall variability in tropical latitudes.

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Alexander, Shavonne A., Walter R. Brinkley, Jordan M. Cohen, Thomas M. Roberts, Paul Beery, Joseph Bubulka, Matt C. Kenfield et Johnny M. Quilenderino. « Influence of foreign humanitarian assistance/disaster relief in a coastal nation ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7074.

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Further distribution of all or part of this report is subject to the Distribution Statement appearing on the front cover.
One of the global security challenges the United States faces is disaster coupled with political instability. The U.S. Military‘s ability to rapidly respond to disasters enhances regional and global security and stability. Foreign Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (FHA/DR), increasingly a mission that relies on a significant military component, focuses on the provision of goods and services such as health care, supplies necessary for survival, and infrastructure repair, with the goal of reducing the immediate human suffering. The disaster in this project‘s scenario is catastrophic flooding that occurs in one of Africa‘s most populated and wealthiest countries that threatens the stability and development of West Africa. This project, employing a systems engineering methodology, focuses on the 60 days after the disaster and the requirements to provide this assistance in the form of goods and services. Many system-of-systems architectures were developed to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing a Seabase for the primary delivery of aid. Two simulation tools, SimKit, and STELLA, were used to model and examine these architectures with the former addressing the delivery and throughput concerns while the latter focused on the satisfaction of the population and the limitation of criminal activity. Based on the results of modeling, the team provided recommendations relative to the most effective architectures in influencing the population of this coastal area as well as accomplishing the FHA/DR mission.

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Hickey, Rachel. « Evaluation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Florida Coastal Pelagic Fish Complex Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Event ». NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/44.

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Following the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill event, there was a critical need to assess the effects of the oil and dispersant chemicals on the coastal pelagic fish complex in the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Straits. The objective of this study was to determine if spilled crude oil and dispersant chemicals have posed an ecological risk to the coastal pelagic fish complex through the detection of vitellogenesis. Crude oil containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dispersant chemicals and other estrogen-mimicking compounds are suspected to induce vitellogenin production in male and immature female fish, normally only produced by sexually mature females. Blood plasma and surface mucus were collected from wild-caught adult and juvenile males and females from as many representative coastal pelagic species as possible (including yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares and swordfish Xiphias gladius). To create a control for this experiment, crevalle jacks (Caranx hippos) and lookdowns (Selene vomer) were injected with estradiol-17β (10 μg/g body weight) into the peritoneal cavity to induce vitellogenesis, regardless of sex or reproductive stage. The mucus and blood plasma of each injected fish was collected 7 to 11 days post-injection. Mucus and blood plasma samples of wild-caught and experimentally-injected fishes were separated using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with a phosphoprotein specific fluorescent dye (Pro-Q Diamond®), and visualized through ultraviolet transillumination. Vitellogenin was visibly detectable in the mucus collected from the control-injected fish, suggesting a disruption in the endocrine system as a result of estrogen exposure (estradiol-17β). However, there were no elevated levels of vitellogenin detected in any wild-caught fish mucus or blood plasma samples, indicating no vitellogenesis. From this, we infer that there has been no detectable endocrine disruption to the sampled coastal pelagic fish complex in the Gulf of Mexico two years after the start of the spill.

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CUTRONEO, LAURA. « Use of microseismic data to monitor significant sea wave heights in support of marine weather forecasting and coastal protection ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1076418.

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The focus of the Ph.D. project was the implementation of a network for monitoring significant sea wave heights (Hs) along the Ligurian coasts (north-western Mediterranean Sea), in order to provide near-real time data to weather forecasters and sea users (vessel captains, pilots, Coast Guard, Port Authorities and yachtsmen). The project was divided into a part dedicated to the use of microseismic data, interfaced with data derived from modelling hindcasts and from the wave buoy of Capo Mele, for the determination of Hs, and a part dedicated to the Interreg Italy-France Maritime 2014-2020 SINAPSI "Assistance to navigation for safe access to ports” Project, which involves the installation of instruments for measuring weather and sea parameters along the coasts of the Ligurian Sea. The first phase of the Ph.D. project involved the study and updating of a mathematical procedure for the estimation of Hs from the microseismic data recorded by the network of seismic stations along the Ligurian arch. The procedure exploited the existing relationship between sea wave heights and microseismic signal and included the use of hindcast data to calibration steps and data from the Capo Mele wave buoy to verify the reliability of the estimated Hs data. In October 2018, an extreme sea storm hit the Ligurian coast with waves characterised by Hs greater than 6 m; these wave heights were not matched by an equivalent energy in the microseismic signal, which therefore led to an underestimation of the Hs estimated by the procedure. It was therefore necessary to investigate the extreme event of 2018, which led to the evidence of a lack in the energy of the microseismic signal and the need for a data compensation, which was possible thanks to the use of weather data (wind speed and atmospheric pressure) that were included in an additional element to the estimation procedure. The second phase of the Ph.D. project therefore involved verifying the reliability of the data estimated by the procedure, which led to the evidence of a generic underestimation of Hs. This led to the study of a first modification of the procedure and to the consequent monitoring of its validity on a large time scale. The monitoring of the reliability of the estimated data will be continued after the end of the Ph.D., as well as the updating/refinement of the procedure. The Ph.D. project involved the participation in the SINAPSI Project, which started in April 2019, in all its components, from the management to the implementation of the monitoring network, also including the communication and dissemination of the project activities to the stakeholders. The Ph.D. has achieved the improvement of the Hs estimation procedure. The research activities will continue beyond the Ph.D. natural end to implement the results with data from a radar antenna system that will be installed in the Genoa area in the framework of the SINAPSI Project.

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Perkowski, Matthew Paul. « An analysis of the gypsy moth event monitor modified forest vegetation simulator and the stand damage model using empirical long-term measurement plot data from the Appalachian hardwood and the Atlantic Coastal Plain mixed pine-hardwood regions ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5856.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 103 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).

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Noyer, Mégane. « Développement d'indicateurs microbiens de multipollutions en Méditerranée : vers un outil d'évaluation de la qualité des eaux douces Particle-attached riverine bacteriome shifts in a pollutant-resistant and pathogenic community during a mediterranean extreme storm event Evolution of the particle-attached riverine archaeome compared to the bacteriome as a result of multipollution following a mediterranean extreme event ». Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0027.

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Les écosystèmes d’eau douce sont très vulnérables face aux perturbations anthropiques. Ils peuvent en effet subir de multiples pollutions via entre autres le lessivage des sols des bassins versants mais aussi la remobilisation des sédiments des lits des rivières et des réseaux d’assainissement, phénomènes accentués lors des épisodes pluvieux, particulièrement intenses et fréquents dans les régions au climat méditerranéen. Lors d’un épisode méditerranéen étudié précédemment, il a été démontré que des déversements de mélanges de polluants se produisaient, coïncidant avec le pic de débit et du débordement des déversoirs d’orage (DDO) qui l’ont précédée. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons pu vérifier que ces multipollutions sont récurrentes, se produisant à chaque DDO et pic de débit lors de deux autres crues. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse que les communautés microbiennes fluviatiles, qui constituent le seul compartiment biologique capable de dégrader les polluants, pourraient être largement impactées par ces multipollutions récurrentes en méditerranée. Cette thèse visait ainsi à déterminer l'évolution du microbiome fluviatile au cours d’événements pluvieux extrêmes, et ce, à travers la modélisation statistique combinant des données de séquençage haut débit à une large panoplie de paramètres environnementaux. Les résultats obtenus démontrent une relation significative entre les multipollutions et l’apport de microorganismes liés à la matière fécale, aux milieux urbains et résistants aux polluants et/ou pathogènes. Ces microorganismes exogènes pourraient affecter fortement les communautés résidentes. Compte tenu de la réaction rapide du microbiome fluviatile face aux multipollutions, nous avons également mis en évidence des microorganismes clés de stress multiple, qui pourraient servir comme nouveaux biomarqueurs à incorporer dans un outil de détection de multipollutions pour le suivi de la qualité des eaux
Freshwater ecosystems are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. Indeed, they can be subject to multiple forms of pollution via, among other things, the leaching of soil from catchment basins but also the remobilisation of sediment from river beds and sewerage networks, phenomena that are accentuated during rainy episodes, which are particularly intense and frequent in regions with a Mediterranean climate. In a Mediterranean event studied previously, it was shown that discharges of pollutant mixtures occurred, coinciding with the water discharge peak and combined sewer overflows (CSO) that preceded it. During this thesis, we were able to verify that these multipollutions are recurrent, occurring at each CSO and water discharge peak along two other floods. We hypothesised that fluvial microbial communities, which constitute the only biological compartment able to degraded pollutants, could be largely impacted by these recurrent multipollutions in Mediterranean. This thesis aimed to determine the impact of pollutant mixtures on the evolution of the fluvial microbiome during extreme rainfall events via statistical modelling coupling high throughput sequencing data to a wide range of environmental parameters. Results showed a significant relationship between multipollutions events at CSOs and water discharge peak and the appearance of microorganisms linked to faecal matter, urban environments and resistant to pollutants and/or pathogens, which could strongly affect riverine resident communities. Given the rapid response of the fluvial microbiome to multi-pollutants, we were able to identify key multi-stress microorganisms, that could be used as new biomarkers to be incorporated into a multi-pollutant detection tool for water quality monitoring

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Kortekaas, Stella. « Tsunamis, storms and earthquakes : distinguishing coastal flooding events ». Thesis, Coventry University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491429.

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Rehak, Katrin, Manfred Strecker et Helmut Echtler. « DEM supported tectonic geomorphology : the Coastal Cordillera of the South-Central Chilean active margin ; [Poster] ». Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://www.uni-potsdam.de/imaf/events/ge_work0602.html.

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Fluvial systems are one of the major features shaping a landscape. They adjust to the prevailing tectonic and climatic setting and therefore are very sensitive markers of changes in these systems. If their response to tectonic and climatic forcing is quantified and if the climatic signal is excluded, it is possible to derive a local deformation history.
Here, we investigate fluvial terraces and erosional surfaces in the southern Chilean forearc to assess a long-term geomorphic and hence tectonic evolution. Remote sensing and field studies of the Nahuelbuta Range show that the long-term deformation of the Chilean forearc is manifested by breaks in topography, sequences of differentially uplifted marine, alluvial and strath terraces as well as tectonically modified river courses and drainage basins.
We used SRTM-90-data as basic elevation information for extracting and delineating drainage networks. We calculated hypsometric curves as an indicator for basin uplift, stream-length gradient indices to identify stream segments with anomalous slopes, and longitudinal river profiles as well as DS-plots to identify knickpoints and other anomalies. In addition, we investigated topography with elevation-slope graphs, profiles, and DEMs to reveal erosional surfaces.
During the first field trip we already measured palaeoflow directions, performed pebble counting and sampled the fluvial terraces in order to apply cosmogenic nuclide dating (¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al) as well as provenance analyses.
Our preliminary analysis of the Coastal Cordillera indicates a clear segmentation between the northern and southern parts of the Nahuelbuta Range. The Lanalhue Fault, a NW-SE striking fault zone oblique to the plate boundary, defines the segment boundary. Furthermore, we find a complex drainage re-organisation including a drainage reversal and wind gap on the divide between the Tirúa and Pellahuén basins east of the town Tirúa. The coastal basins lost most of their Andean sediment supply areas that existed in Tertiary and in part during early Pleistocene time. Between the Bío-Bío and Imperial rivers no Andean river is recently capable to traverse the Coastal Cordillera, suggesting ongoing Quaternary uplift of the entire range.
From the spatial distribution of geomorphic surfaces in this region two uplift signals may be derived: (1) a long-term differential uplift process, active since the Miocene and possibly caused by underplating of subducted trench sediments, (2) a younger, local uplift affecting only the northern part of the Nahuelbuta Range that may be caused by the interaction of the forearc with the subduction of the Mocha Fracture Zone at the latitude of the Arauco peninsula. Our approach thus provides results in our attempt to decipher the characteristics of forearc development of active convergent margins using long-term geomorphic indicators. Furthermore, it is expected that our ongoing assessment will constrain repeatedly active zones of deformation.

Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung
Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006

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Livres sur le sujet "Coastal event"

Benincasa, Fabrizio, dir. Seventh International Symposium "Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas. Problems and Measurement Techniques". Florence : Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-811-2.

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The Seventh International Symposium Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas. Problems and Measurement Techniques (Livorno, Italy June 19-20-21, 2018) was organized by the CNR-IBIMET in collaboration with the City of Livorno, the LEM Foundation, the FCS Foundation and the Compagnia dei Portuali di Livorno, with the patronage by Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Accademia dei Georgofili, The University of Florence, the Tuscany Region and the North Tyrrhenian Sea Port System Authority. The Symposium, in which scholars from all over the Mediterranean basin participated, was an opportunity to illustrate new proposals and to promote actions to protect the Mediterranean coastal marine environment. In particular, the event was characterized by the search for technical and instrumental solutions to problems related to: energy production in the coastal area, morphology and evolution of coastlines, flora and fauna of the littoral system, management and integrated coastal protection, coastline geography, human influence on coastal landscape.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Event-scale relationships between surface velocity, temperature and chlorophyll in the coastal ocean as seen by satellite : Final report covering 14 December 1987 to 15 December 1991. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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In the event of a water landing. U.S : Cutter Publishing, 2010.

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Prøsch-Danielsen, Lisbeth. Sea-level studies along the coast of southwestern Norway : With emphasise [sic] on three short-lived Holocene marine events. Stavanger : Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger, 2006.

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McFadgen, B. G. Hostile shores : Catastrophic events in prehistoric New Zealand and their impact on Maori coastal communities. Auckland, N.Z : Auckland University Press, 2007.

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Discovery of the Yosemite and the Indian War of 1851 which led to that event. Yosemite National Park, Calif : Yosemite Association, 1990.

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Morton, Jennifer Bauer. Coast to cactus : Geology and tectonics, San Diego to Salton Trough, California. San Diego, California : San Diego Geological Society, Inc., 2014.

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Nature trails : Events on Kiawah, a barrier island on the Carolina Coast. New York : Rivercross Pub., 1996.

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Press, Gadjah Mada University, dir. Multirisk assessment of disasters in Parangtritis coastal area : A comprehensive analysis to build public awareness towards various events of disasters. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Coastal event"

Field, J. G., C. L. Moloney et C. G. Attwood. « Network analysis of simulated succession after an upwelling event ». Dans Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 132–58. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce032p0132.

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Whitmore, P., et B. Knight. « Meteotsunami forecasting : sensitivities demonstrated by the 2008 Boothbay, Maine, event ». Dans Meteorological Tsunamis : The U.S. East Coast and Other Coastal Regions, 11–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12712-5_2.

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Okal, Emile A., Johan N. J. Visser et Coenraad H. de Beer. « The Dwarskersbos, South Africa local tsunami of August 27, 1969 : field survey and simulation as a meteorological event ». Dans Meteorological Tsunamis : The U.S. East Coast and Other Coastal Regions, 251–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12712-5_14.

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Williams, John B. « Comparative Effects of Sea Level Rise Versus Hurricane Event on Coastal Erosion ». Dans Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 259–63. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88483-7_35.

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Blum, Michael J., Brittany M. Bernik, Thomas Azwell et Eric M. V. Hoek. « Remediation and Restoration of Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ecosystems Following the Deepwater Horizon Event ». Dans Oil Spill Remediation, 59–88. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118825662.ch3.

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Vaattovaara, P., Ari Laaksonen et A. Kortelainen. « Organic Fraction in Recently Formed Nucleation Event Particles in Mace Head Coastal Atmosphere during Map 2006 Summer Campaign ». Dans Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 1075–78. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_213.

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Rao, A. D., et Smita Pandey. « Mapping of Coastal Inundation Due to Tropical Cyclones : A Numerical Study for the Indian Coasts ». Dans Extreme Natural Events, 305–40. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2511-5_11.

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Goeldner-Gianella, Lydie, et Esmeralda Longépée. « Perceptions of Extreme Coastal Events ». Dans Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events, 363–90. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119383567.ch23.

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Anselme, Brice, Paul Durand et Alexandre Nicolae-Lerma. « Coastal Flooding and Storm Surges ». Dans Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events, 413–31. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119383567.ch25.

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Ivona, Antonietta, Lucrezia Lopez et Donatella Privitera. « Old landmarks and new functions. Coastal architectures redesign the geography of the coastal belts ». Dans Ninth International Symposium “Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas : Problems and Measurement Techniques”, 244–52. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0030-1.22.

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If from 2nd post-war period and for following 20 years coastal space has maintained even a minimal break with anthropized spaces, starting from the 1970s rapid industrial development has increasingly occupied coasts. These changes along costal space can be understood referring to maritime-coastal region, which are places between land and sea, profoundly different by integration of resources. The chapter focuses its attention on one of the most symbolic maritime cultural assets: lighthouses. They are distributed along the European coastlines, responding to same historical function, and evoking a common past.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Coastal event"

Chagas, F. M., B. R. F. Rachid, B. G. Ambrosio, A. A. Luz, C. B. Gramcianinov, P. F. Serrao, R. Camargo et E. Siegle. « Assessment of Wind and Wave High-Resolution Forecasts During High-Energy Weather Events in the Brazilian Coast ». Dans ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62030.

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Abstract We present a high-resolution metocean forecast model (Aimar), which provides 24/7 results for the Brazilian coast. The model integrates global model boundary conditions and detailed coastal models, especially for complex geometry areas near ports and major coastal cities. The aim of this paper is to assess the forecast reliability and to present model data compared to in-situ measurements under high energy weather events. Mean wind velocity and direction were investigated during the occurrence of an extratropical cyclone near Brazilian coast. The model has been assessed by comparing its results to two specific events, one for winds and one for waves. Results of the tested wind event show that Aimar results predict the high energy winds in advance of 5 days, while NCEP’s Global Forecast System Ensemble (GFSe) predicted the same event in advance of 2–3 days, for the region of Santos city. Results of the tested wave event show that Aimar forecasts properly represent the wave propagation for complex geometry coasts. The high-resolution coastal model could predict the nearshore state of sea agitation caused by the passage of a cold front. Model agreement with in-situ wave measurements adjacent to Rio de Janeiro-RJ city were considered Excellent and Good, according to statistical parameters R and RMAE. These results show that high-resolution coastal forecast models can be applied to increase the efficiency, resource uses and reduce the risks for marine operations and engineering works.

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WINTERS, MARIA A., et TIMU W. GALLIEN. « OBSERVATION AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF A DUNE OVERWASH AND BREACHING EVENT ». Dans Coastal Sediments 2023. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0072.

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Hua Cui et Lu Yuan. « Study on thermal environmental distribution in coastal city using ASTER data ». Dans 2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urs.2009.5137667.

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ROYER, ELIZABETH, et PING WANG. « CONTROL OF A SINGLE ENERGETIC EVENT ON THE LONG-TERM DEPTH OF CLOSURE ». Dans Coastal Sediments 2023. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0262.

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Möller, J. P., et D. H. Swart. « Extreme Erosion Event on an Artificial Beach ». Dans 21st International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY : American Society of Civil Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872626874.140.

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WILLIAMS, BEN, et VANESA MAGAR. « EVENT-PARALLEL SIMULATION OF MEDIUM-TERM MORPHODYNAMIC EVOLUTION WITHIN A MIXED ENERGY TIDAL INLET EBB DELTA ». Dans Coastal Sediments 2015. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814689977_0130.

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Nazeer, Majid, et Janet E. Nichol. « Modeling of Chlorophyll-a concentration for the coastal waters of Hong Kong ». Dans 2015 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jurse.2015.7120460.

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Hallermeier, Robert J., et Perry E. Rhodes. « Generic Treatment of Dune Erosion for 100-Year Event ». Dans 21st International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY : American Society of Civil Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872626874.090.

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« A Description of the “Acqua Alta” Event on 5th October ». Dans 23rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY : American Society of Civil Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872629332.265.

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Xiaojun Yang. « A preliminary analysis of socio-economic and accessibility attributes and landscape patterns in a coastal urban area ». Dans 2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urs.2009.5137722.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Coastal event"

Shulman, Igor. Real-time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada620412.

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Raduan, Jeffrey D., Steven R. Ramp et Leslie K. Rosenfeld. Real-Time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625312.

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Shulman, Igor. Real-Time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625357.

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Paduan, Jeffrey D., Steven R. Ramp et Leslie K. Rosenfeld. Real-Time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626586.

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Shulman, Igor. Real-time Observations of a Coastal Upwelling Event Using Innovative Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626605.

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Arora, Bhavna. Event-scale predictions of water and nitrogen exports in coastal watersheds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769706.

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Cialone, Mary, Jessamin Straub, Britt Raubenheimer, Jenna Brown, Katherine Brodie, Nicole Elko, Patrick Dickhudt et al. A large-scale community storm processes field experiment : the During Nearshore Event Experiment (DUNEX) overview reference report. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46548.

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The DUring Nearshore Event EXperiment (DUNEX) was a series of large-scale nearshore coastal field experiments focused on during-storm, nearshore coastal processes. The experiments were conducted on the North Carolina coast by a multidisciplinary group of over 30 research scientists from 2019 to 2021. The overarching goal of DUNEX was to collaboratively gather information to improve understanding of the interactions of coastal water levels, waves, and flows, beach and dune evolution, soil behavior, vegetation, and groundwater during major coastal storms that affect infrastructure, habitats, and communities. In the short term, these high-quality field measurements will lead to better understanding of during-storm processes, impacts and post-storm recovery and will enhance US academic coastal research programs. Longer-term, DUNEX data and outcomes will improve understanding and prediction of extreme event physical processes and impacts, validate coastal processes numerical models, and improve coastal resilience strategies and communication methods for coastal communities impacted by storms. This report focuses on the planning and preparation required to conduct a large-scale field experiment, the collaboration amongst researchers, and lessons learned. The value of a large-scale experiment focused on storm processes and impacts begins with the scientific gains from the data collected, which will be available and used for decades to come.

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Kress, Marin. Vessel speed analysis before and after dredging near Missouri River mile 282 in November 2020. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43283.

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The purpose of this Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) is to present information on vessel traffic before, during, and after a dredging event around river mile 282 of the Missouri River in November 2020 along with contextual information about tonnage and commodities that utilize this navigation project.

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Boyle, Maxwell, et Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve : 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.

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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez et N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf : autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.

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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.

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