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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Cognitive judgment »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 3 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Heiphetz, Larisa, and Liane Young. "A social cognitive developmental perspective on moral judgment." Behaviour 151, no. 2-3 (2014): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003131.

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Moral judgment constitutes an important aspect of adults’ social interactions. How do adults’ moral judgments develop? We discuss work from cognitive and social psychology on adults’ moral judgment, and we review developmental research to illuminate its origins. Work in these fields shows that adults make nuanced moral judgments based on a number of factors, including harm aversion, and that the origins of such judgments lie early in development. We begin by reviewing evidence showing that distress signals can cue moral judgments but are not necessary for moral judgment to occur. Next, we disc

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Halper, Aaron. "Aesthetic Judgment as Parasitic on Cognition." Kant Yearbook 11, no. 1 (2019): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kantyb-2019-0003.

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Abstract When we judge something to be beautiful, do we identify an inherent feature of the object, or only our subjective response to it? This paper argues that, for Kant, pure aesthetic judgment occupies a middle ground. Such judgments are based upon affective responses to our own cognitive faculties. Thus, pure aesthetic judgment is subjective insofar as it concerns our feeling ourselves to be engaged in a certain task; it is objective insofar as the task we are engaged in is cognition of an object, and the faculties that we are feeling to be at work are the cognitive faculties of the under

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Zhu, An. "The Effects of Cognitive and Emotional Empathy in Moral Judgement and Relevant Factors." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 10 (April 5, 2023): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v10i.6900.

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Empathy is described as the ability to understand and experience others' feelings and thoughts. Moral judgment is an important part of moral cognition. Previous studies found that empathy was potentially correlated with moral judgment. In those studies, the researchers noticed that empathic people tended to behave more prosocial and the people with trait alexithymia tended to behave more utilitarian when facing some moral dilemmas. Whether cognitive empathy or affective empathy influence the judgment is still hotly debated. Some researchers thought cognitive empathy promoted positive results a

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Fay, Rebecca G., and Norma R. Montague. "Witnessing Your Own Cognitive Bias: A Compendium of Classroom Exercises." Issues in Accounting Education 30, no. 1 (2014): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50919.

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ABSTRACT Accounting and auditing professors continually stress the importance of effective judgment and decision making (JDM), yet few accounting programs or textbooks discuss the biases that may impact an individual's ability to exercise high-quality professional judgment. In recent years, KPMG (Ranzilla, Chevalier, Herrmann, Glover, and Prawitt 2011) and the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (KPMG, Glover, and Prawitt 2012) addressed this gap at the corporate level by publishing guidance for accounting professionals and board members on how to identify and miti

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Silverman, Allan. "Plato on Perception and ‘Commons’." Classical Quarterly 40, no. 1 (1990): 148–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800026859.

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On the face of it, Plato's treatment of aisthesis is decidedly ambiguous. Sometimes he treats aisthesis as a faculty which, though distinct from all rational capacities, is nonetheless capable of forming judgments such as ‘This stick is bent’ or ‘The same thing is hard and soft’. In the Theaetetus, however, he appears to separate aisthesis from judgment, isolating the former from all prepositional, identificatory and recognitional capacities. The dilemma is easily expressed: Is perception a judgmental or cognitive capacity, or is it a non-judgmental, non-cognitive capacity? If the former, how

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Shtulman, Andrew, and Lester Tong. "Cognitive parallels between moral judgment and modal judgment." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 20, no. 6 (2013): 1327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0429-9.

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KOROMPIS, Claudia Wanda Melati. "The Development Of Professional Judgment Research." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 3, no. 2 (2022): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v3i2.154.

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The auditor's professional judgment quality is essential to maintain and improve. Therefore, careful judgment by an independent third-party can assist the company in its operations. The purpose of this research is to see the development of judgment and decision-making (JDM) in Indonesia and its benefits in improving the quality of auditor judgment, especially auditors in the Indonesian supreme audit institution environment. This thinking is based on that (1) there has been a shift in JDM audit research from a normative model to a cognitive process (2) human cognition is limited, so a cognitive

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Henrizi, Philipp, Dario Himmelsbach, and Stefan Hunziker. "Anchoring and adjustment effects on audit judgments: experimental evidence from Switzerland." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 22, no. 4 (2021): 598–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-01-2020-0011.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to illustrate the potentially detrimental effects on audit decision-making of certain judgmental heuristics, which can lead to systematic judgmental biases. This paper provides background on the heuristics and biases approaches to decision-making to increase auditors' awareness of the anchoring and adjustment effects affecting audit judgments adversely.Design/methodology/approachThis study reports the results of an experimental research design analyzing the audit judgment of 85 auditors in Switzerland.FindingsBased on the results of the experiment, the resul

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Höfel, Lea, and Thomas Jacobsen. "Electrophysiological Indices of Processing Symmetry and Aesthetics." Journal of Psychophysiology 21, no. 1 (2007): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.21.1.9.

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Abstract. Evaluative aesthetic judgments and descriptive symmetry judgments were compared. Electrophysiological activity was recorded while participants judged the aesthetic value or the symmetry status of novel graphic black and white patterns. In order to experimentally separate judgment categorization processes and judgment report processes, participants were instructed to misreport their true actual judgment in half of the trials. Three effects found in a previous study were examined: (1) an early frontocentral effect for the evaluation of not-beautiful patterns reflecting an early impress

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Chia, Kok Hwee, and Meng Lek Ng. "Cognition, cognitive abilities & cognitive training program." Unlimited Human! 2021, Summer (2025): 4–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15227209.

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Cognition encompasses many aspects of cognitive functions as well as processes that include attention and concentration, the concept formation of knowledge, memory, rational thinking (i.e., judgment and evaluation), reasoning and logic, computation, problem solving and choice/decision making, receptive and expressive language processing that includes different levels of comprehension as well as composition of ideas and thoughts. Cognitive processes use existing knowledge and generate new knowledge. In this paper, the two authors differentiated between abilities and skills, examined the hierarc

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Kenneth, R. Westphal. "Kant, Causal Judgment & Locating the Purloined Letter." Con-Textos Kantianos. International Journal of Philosophy 1, no. 6 (2017): 42–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1092771.

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Kant’s account of cognitive judgment is sophisticated, sound and philosophically far more illuminating than is often appreciated. Key features of Kant’s account of cognitive judgment are widely dispersed amongst various sections of the Critique of Pure Reason, whilst common philosophical proclivities have confounded these interpretive difficulties. This paper characterises Kant’s account of causal-perceptual judgment concisely to highlight one central philosophical achievement: Kant’s finding that, to understand and investigate empirical knowledge we must distinguish be

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Gunnarsson, Helena, and Jens Agerström. "Pain and social cognition: does pain lead to more stereotyped judgments based on ethnicity and age?" Scandinavian Journal of Pain 20, no. 3 (2020): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0141.

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AbstractBackground and aimsPrevious research on pain and cognition has largely focused on non-social cognitive outcomes (e.g. attention, problem solving). This study examines the relationship between pain and stereotyping, which constitutes a fundamental dimension of social cognition. Drawing on dual process theories of cognition, it was hypothesized that higher levels of pain would increase stereotyped judgments based on ethnicity and age. The hypothesis was tested in conjunction with experimentally induced pain (Study 1) and clinical pain (Study 2).MethodsIn Study 1, experimental pain was in

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Dhami, Mandeep K., and Jeryl L. Mumpower. "Kenneth R. Hammond’s contributions to the study of judgment and decision making." Judgment and Decision Making 13, no. 1 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500008780.

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AbstractKenneth R. Hammond (1917–2015) made several major contributions to the science of human judgment and decision making. As a student of Egon Brunswik, he kept Brunswik’s legacy alive – advancing his theory of probabilistic functionalism and championing his method of representative design. Hammond pioneered the use of Brunswik’s lens model as a framework for studying how individuals use information from the task environment to make clinical judgments, which was the precursor to much ‘policy capturing’ and ‘judgment analysis’ research. Hammond introduced the lens model equation to the stud

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Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S., and Bernadette B. Mwamwenda. "Assessing Africans' Cognitive Development: Judgment Versus Judgment Plus Explanation." Journal of Genetic Psychology 151, no. 2 (1990): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1990.9914658.

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Milivojevic, Branka, Jeff P. Hamm, and Michael C. Corballis. "Functional Neuroanatomy of Mental Rotation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 5 (2009): 945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21085.

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Brain regions involved in mental rotation were determined by assessing increases in fMRI activation associated with increases in stimulus rotation during a mirror-normal parity-judgment task with letters and digits. A letter–digit category judgment task was used as a control for orientation-dependent neural processing unrelated to mental rotation per se. Compared to the category judgments, the parity judgments elicited increases in activation in both the dorsal and the ventral visual streams, as well as higher-order premotor areas, inferior frontal gyrus, and anterior insula. Only a subset of

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Cooksey, Ray W., and Peter Freebody. "Social Judgment Theory and Cognitive Feedback: A General Model for Analyzing Educational Policies and Decisions." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 8, no. 1 (1986): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737008001017.

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Applications of social judgment theory (SJT) are discussed with respect to policy formation and decisionmaking in educational contexts. SJT serves to externalize, quantitatively and graphically, policymakers’ covert judgment processes through the provision of cognitive process feedback. This can give policymakers a clearer understanding of the processes directing their judgments and thus helps to illuminate sources of conflict over policy parameters and outcomes. SJT procedures function equally well for policy analysis at the “micro” level (e.g., within a classroom) and at the “macro” level (e

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Imam, I. "Cognitive biases affect clinical judgment." BMJ 343, no. 29 1 (2011): d7705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7705.

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Redelmeier, Donald A. "Cognitive Psychology and Medical Judgment." Medical Decision Making 11, no. 3 (1991): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x9101100304.

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Pachur, Thorsten, and Arndt Bröder. "Judgment: a cognitive processing perspective." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 4, no. 6 (2013): 665–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1259.

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Parkinson, Carolyn, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Philipp E. Koralus, Angela Mendelovici, Victoria McGeer, and Thalia Wheatley. "Is Morality Unified? Evidence that Distinct Neural Systems Underlie Moral Judgments of Harm, Dishonesty, and Disgust." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 10 (2011): 3162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00017.

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Much recent research has sought to uncover the neural basis of moral judgment. However, it has remained unclear whether “moral judgments” are sufficiently homogenous to be studied scientifically as a unified category. We tested this assumption by using fMRI to examine the neural correlates of moral judgments within three moral areas: (physical) harm, dishonesty, and (sexual) disgust. We found that the judgment of moral wrongness was subserved by distinct neural systems for each of the different moral areas and that these differences were much more robust than differences in wrongness judgments

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Jacobsen, Thomas, and Lea Höfel. "Aesthetic Judgments of Novel Graphic Patterns: Analyses of Individual Judgments." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3 (2002): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.755.

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Aesthetic judgments were investigated using a combined nomothetic and idiographic approach. Participants judged novel graphic patterns with respect to their own personal definitions of “beauty” Judgment analysis was employed to derive individual case models of judgment strategies as well as a group model. As predicted, symmetry had the highest correlations with aesthetic judgments of beauty. Stimulus complexity was the second-highest correlate of a positive evaluation. Thus, there was agreement at the group level. The judgment analyses, however, indicated substantial individual differences. Th

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Molinaro, Kylie A., and Matthew L. Bolton. "Using the Lens Model and Cognitive Continuum Theory to Understand the Effects of Cognition on Phishing Victimization." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631044.

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With the growing threat of phishing emails and the limited effectiveness of current mitigation approaches, there is an urgent need to better understand what leads to phishing victimization. There is a limited body of phishing research that identified cognitive automaticity as a potential factor, but more research on the relationship between user cognition and victimization is needed. Additionally, the current phishing research has not considered the characteristics of the environment in which phishing judgments are made. To fill these gaps, this work used the analysis capabilities afforded by

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Austin, Bryan S. "Educators’ Perceptions of Clinical Judgment Skill Competencies in Rehabilitation Counseling." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 32, no. 3 (2018): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.32.3.192.

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Purpose:To address a significant gap in the clinical judgment competency research by adding new knowledge of important clinical judgment skill competencies in rehabilitation counseling.Method:This Internet-based survey design is a follow-up inquiry to Austin and Leahy’s (2015) instrument validation study; this same sample of rehabilitation counselor educators (n = 126) rated the importance and student preparedness in using clinical judgment skill competencies (i.e., scientific attitude, cultural bias, cognitive complexity, memory bias, confirmatory bias, negative bias, evidence-based practice

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Ayache, Samar, and Moussa Chalah. "Moral Judgment: An Overlooked Deficient Domain in Multiple Sclerosis?" Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 11 (2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8110105.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system through which patients can suffer from sensory, motor, cerebellar, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. Although cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions are frequently encountered in MS patients, they have previously received little attention. Among the most frequently impaired cognitive domains are attention, information processing speed, and working memory, which have been extensively addressed in this population. However, less emphasis has been placed on other domains like moral judgmen

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Klevanskiy, Nikolay N., Sergey I. Tkachev, Ludmila A. Voloshchuk, Rouslan B. Nourgaziev, and Vladimir S. Mavzovin. "Regular Two-Dimensional Packing of Congruent Objects: Cognitive Analysis of Honeycomb Constructions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 5128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115128.

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A new approach to investigate the two-dimensional, regular packing of arbitrary geometric objects (GOs), using cognitive visualization, is presented. GOs correspond to congruent non-convex polygons with their associated coordinate system. The origins of these coordinate systems are accepted by object poles. The approach considered is based on cognitive processes that are forms of heuristic judgments. According to the first heuristic judgment, regular packing of congruent GOs on the plane have a honeycomb structure, that is, each GO contacts six neighboring GO, the poles of which are vertices o

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Gkoumas, Dimitris, Qiuchi Li, Shahram Dehdashti, Massimo Melucci, Yijun Yu, and Dawei Song. "Quantum Cognitively Motivated Decision Fusion for Video Sentiment Analysis." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (2021): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i1.16165.

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Video sentiment analysis as a decision-making process is inherently complex, involving the fusion of decisions from multiple modalities and the so-caused cognitive biases. Inspired by recent advances in quantum cognition, we show that the sentiment judgment from one modality could be incompatible with the judgment from another, i.e., the order matters and they cannot be jointly measured to produce a final decision. Thus the cognitive process exhibits ``quantum-like'' biases that cannot be captured by classical probability theories. Accordingly, we propose a fundamentally new, quantum cognitive

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Yang, Shaogang. "A Commentary Reflection of Moral Psychology Based on Embodied Cognition." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 8, no. 2 (2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2017.2.5.

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The rise of embodied cognition in recent ten years has brought about significant influence on the research of moral psychology. On the one hand, the development of neuro-cognitive science has facilitated the research of morality deeply into the mirror neurons of brain, no longer being limited simply on the philosophical speculation; and on the other hand the experimental research of embodied cognition has provided new evidence for some traditional and philosophical moral issues and even made some new recognition of the issues which are different from the traditional interpretations. Tracing ba

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Dawson, N. V. "Physician judgment in clinical settings: methodological influences and cognitive performance." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 7 (1993): 1468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.7.1468.

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Abstract Understanding the quality of physicians' intuitive judgments is essential in determining the appropriate use of their judgments in medical decision-making (vis-a-vis analytical or actuarial approaches). As part of this process, the quality of physicians' predictions must be assessed because prediction is fundamental to common clinical tasks: determining diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy; establishing monitoring intervals; performing screening and preventive maneuvers. Critical evaluation of predictive capabilities requires an assessment of the components of the prediction process: the

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Li, Xue, Jia Su, Yang Yang, Zipeng Gao, Xinyu Duan, and Yi Guan. "Dialogues Are Not Just Text: Modeling Cognition for Dialogue Coherence Evaluation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 17 (2024): 18573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i17.29819.

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The generation of logically coherent dialogues by humans relies on underlying cognitive abilities. Based on this, we redefine the dialogue coherence evaluation process, combining cognitive judgment with the basic text to achieve a more human-like evaluation. We propose a novel dialogue evaluation framework based on Dialogue Cognition Graph (DCGEval) to implement the fusion by in-depth interaction between cognition modeling and text modeling. The proposed Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) based graph structure called DCG aims to uniformly model four dialogue cognitive abilities. Specificall

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Gobinda, Chandra Bag Prof. Dr. Bijay Kumar Mohanty &. Prof. Dr. Sanjay Kumar Dey. "UNVEILING THE INFLUENCES ON MORAL JUDGMENT: A STUDY OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN ODISHA CONSIDERING BOARD OF STUDIES, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS, INTELLIGENCE, AND GENDER." Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary studies 13, no. 84 (2024): 255–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13995540.

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<em>This study investigates the influences on moral judgment among Grade 9 students in Odisha, focusing on the impact of educational board affiliation (BSE vs. CBSE), socio-economic status (SES), intelligence, and gender. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 810 students across Bhadrak and Balasore districts. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) and General Mental Ability Test were employed to assess moral judgment and cognitive abilities, respectively. The findings reveal significant differences in moral judgment based on educational board affiliation,

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Nagata, Hiroshi. "Change in the Modulus of Judgmental Scale: An Inadequate Explanation for the Repetition Effect in Judgments of Grammaticality." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 3 (1987): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.907.

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Nagata reported that repeated presentation of sentences made the judgment criterion more stringent in judgments of grammaticality of the sentences. This study examined whether the shift in judgments could be explained by change in the modulus of the scale of judgments, i.e., the change produced when the same rating scale was applied for the two successive judgments. 12 students were asked to rate the grammaticality of sentences twice, without the sentences being presented repeatedly. No shift in judgment criterion was found between the two ratings. This finding suggests the repeated presentati

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Hidaka, Souta, and Kazumasa Shimoda. "Investigation of the Effects of Color on Judgments of Sweetness Using a Taste Adaptation Method." Multisensory Research 27, no. 3-4 (2014): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002455.

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It has been reported that color can affect the judgment of taste. For example, a dark red color enhances the subjective intensity of sweetness. However, the underlying mechanisms of the effect of color on taste have not been fully investigated; in particular, it remains unclear whether the effect is based on cognitive/decisional or perceptual processes. Here, we investigated the effect of color on sweetness judgments using a taste adaptation method. A sweet solution whose color was subjectively congruent with sweetness was judged as sweeter than an uncolored sweet solution both before and afte

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Capucho, Patrícia Helena Figueirêdo Vale, and Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki. "Judgment in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 5, no. 4 (2011): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05040007.

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Abstract Judgment is the capacity to make decisions after considering available information, contextual factors, possible solutions and probable outcomes. Our aim was to investigate previous research studies regarding assessment of judgment in older adults with different degrees of cognitive impairment. To this end, a search of Pubmed and Lilacs electronic databases for studies published from January 1990 until August 2011 in English, Spanish and Portuguese was carried out. The terms used were "judgment" combined with the terms "dementia" or "Mild Cognitive Impairment" (MCI) or "Alzheimer's di

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Beckstead, Jason W. "Modeling sequential context effects in judgment analysis: A time series approach." Judgment and Decision Making 3, no. 7 (2008): 570–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500000814.

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AbstractIn this article a broad perspective incorporating elements of time series theory is presented for conceptualizing the data obtained in multi-trial judgment experiments. Recent evidence suggests that sequential context effects, assimilation and contrast, commonly found in psychophysical judgment tasks, may be present in judgments of abstract magnitudes. A time series approach for analyzing single-subject data is developed and applied to expert prognostic judgments of risk for heart disease with an emphasis on detecting possible sequential context effects. The results demonstrate that se

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Chentouf, Zohair. "Cognitive Attraction Theory and Moral Judgment." Psychology 04, no. 01 (2013): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.41005.

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da Conceição, Núbia R., Claudia Teixeira-Arroyo, Rodrigo Vitório, et al. "Influence of Parkinson’s Disease on Judging Stair Step Height: Exploratory Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 1 (2018): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518814608.

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This study investigated the effects of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) on the perceptive judgment of stair step height using both exteroceptive visual and exproprioceptive judgments. We invited 14 individuals with PD and 14 neurologically healthy older adults (OA) to perform perceptual judgment tasks for first step stairway heights of 11 and 20 cm. Initially, participants performed first the exteroceptive visual judgment and then the exproprioceptive judgment in five randomized trials for each stair height. An analysis of variance for the exteroceptive visual judgment revealed no main effects or inte

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Hansen, Heather A., Andrew B. Leber, and Zeynep M. Saygin. "The effect of misophonia on cognitive and social judgments." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0299698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299698.

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Misophonia, a heightened aversion to certain sounds, turns common cognitive and social exercises (e.g., paying attention during a lecture near a pen-clicking classmate, coexisting at the dinner table with a food-chomping relative) into challenging endeavors. How does exposure to triggering sounds impact cognitive and social judgments? We investigated this question in a sample of 65 participants (26 misophonia, 39 control) from the general population. In Phase 1, participants saw faces paired with auditory stimuli while completing a gender judgment task, then reported sound discomfort and ident

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Phillips, Jonathan, and Fiery Cushman. "Morality constrains the default representation of what is possible." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 18 (2017): 4649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619717114.

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The capacity for representing and reasoning over sets of possibilities, or modal cognition, supports diverse kinds of high-level judgments: causal reasoning, moral judgment, language comprehension, and more. Prior research on modal cognition asks how humans explicitly and deliberatively reason about what is possible but has not investigated whether or how people have a default, implicit representation of which events are possible. We present three studies that characterize the role of implicit representations of possibility in cognition. Collectively, these studies differentiate explicit reaso

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Roye, Anja, Lea Höfel, and Thomas Jacobsen. "Aesthetics of Faces." Journal of Psychophysiology 22, no. 1 (2008): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.22.1.41.

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Temporal and brain topographic characteristics of the aesthetic judgment of male and female faces were investigated, using event-related potentials and reaction times. The evaluative aesthetic judgment of facial beauty (beautiful vs. not beautiful) was contrasted with a nonevaluative descriptive judgment of head shape (round vs. oval). Analysis showed longer reaction times in the descriptive than in the evaluative task, suggesting that the descriptive judgment demanded more cognitive effort and may entail greater uncertainty. Electrophysiologically, the evaluative judgment elicited a negativit

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Krueger, Joachim I., and David C. Funder. "Towards a balanced social psychology: Causes, consequences, and cures for the problem-seeking approach to social behavior and cognition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 3 (2004): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04000081.

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Mainstream social psychology focuses on how people characteristically violate norms of action through social misbehaviors such as conformity with false majority judgments, destructive obedience, and failures to help those in need. Likewise, they are seen to violate norms of reasoning through cognitive errors such as misuse of social information, self-enhancement, and an over-readiness to attribute dispositional characteristics. The causes of this negative research emphasis include the apparent informativeness of norm violation, the status of good behavior and judgment as unconfirmable null hyp

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Carter, J. Adam. "Sosa on knowledge, judgment and guessing." Synthese 197, no. 12 (2016): 5117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1181-2.

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AbstractIn Chapter 3 of Judgment and Agency, Sosa (Judgment and Agency, 2015) explicates the concept of a fully apt performance. In the course of doing so, he draws from illustrative examples of practical performances and applies lessons drawn to the case of cognitive performances, and in particular, to the cognitive performance of judging. Sosa’s examples in the practical sphere are rich and instructive. But there is, I will argue, an interesting disanalogy between the practical and cognitive examples he relies on. Ultimately, I think the source of the disanalogy is a problematic picture of t

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Beckstead, Jason W. "The Bifocal Lens Model and Equation." Medical Decision Making 37, no. 1 (2016): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x16674196.

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Background. Brunswik’s Lens Model and lens model equation (LME) have been applied extensively in medical decision making. Clinicians often face the dual challenge of formulating a judgment of patient risk for some adverse outcome and making a yes or no decision regarding a particular risk-reducing treatment option. Objective. In this article, I examine the correlation between clinical risk judgments and treatment-related decisions, referring to this linkage as “cohesion”. A novel form of the LME is developed to decompose cohesion. The approach is “bifocal” in that it focuses on 2 sets of linke

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Junpeng, Zhang, Zhang Zheyuan, and Yan Haoyin. "Wash Away Immorality and Double StandardsPsychological Mechanisms by Which Cleansing Affects Moral Judgment under Different Subjects." Communications in Humanities Research 7, no. 1 (2023): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/7/20230884.

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Embodied cognitive and conceptual metaphor theories state that physical cleansing can influence peoples moral judgments. However, the mechanism of cleansing affecting moral judgment is still not clear. Therefore, this research introduced the moral subject as a moderator of the process of cleansing affecting moral judgment and the moral self-image as a mediator to reveal the psychological mechanism by which physical cleansing affects moral judgment (Macbeth effect). Study 1 used the method of reading a third-person story to initiate a sense of immorality, washing hands with hand sanitizers for

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Schmidt, Nicholas E., and Ann M. Steffen. "Neurocognitive Disorder Diagnoses Matter: A Brief Report on Caregiver Appraisal of Driving Ability." Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, no. 9 (2018): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464818803006.

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Background: Age-associated neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are associated with progressive loss of abilities for instrumental activities of daily living, including driving. This study assesses the impact of NCD diagnosis, while controlling for reported level of cognitive impairment, on family caregiver judgment of driving safety. Method: An intervention sample of 152 intergenerational caregivers who assist an older adult with medical tasks was used. Caregiver’s pre-intervention response to a single item of confidence in the older adult driving was used to determine judgment of driving ability.

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Austin, Bryan S., Chun-Lung Lee, Amanda McCarthy, and Matthew Sprong. "Importance of Clinical Judgment Skill Competencies Across Practice Settings: Certified Rehabilitation Counselors’ Perceptions." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 54, no. 2 (2023): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jarc-2022-0006.

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Accurate clinical judgments are critically important for counselors in their work with clients. To date, there are no studies that have assessed rehabilitation counselors’ knowledge of clinical judgment and its importance to implement in practice. In this internet-based study, a random sample of certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs;n= 579) were surveyed using the clinical judgment skill inventory (CJSI). The CJSI measures clinical judgment skills across seven clinical judgment skill areas (scientific attitude, cognitive complexity, cultural bias, confirmatory bias, memory bias, negative b

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Perreault, William D., and Laurence E. Leigh. "Reliability of Nominal Data Based on Qualitative Judgments." Journal of Marketing Research 26, no. 2 (1989): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378902600201.

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Most research related to the reliability and validity of marketing measures has focused on multi-item quantitative scales. In contrast, little attention has been given to the quality of nominal scale data developed from qualitative judgments. Judgment-based (“coded”) nominal scale data are important and frequently used in marketing research-for example, in analysis of consumer responses to open-ended survey questions, in cognitive response research, in meta-analysis, and in content analysis. The authors address opportunities and challenges involved in evaluating and improving the quality of ju

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Kuk-Se Kim, Cheol-Seung Lee,. "Design of Cognitive Rehabilitation Training System using Artificial Intelligence." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.8975.

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This study is a study to design a cognitive(dementia) rehabilitation training system using the MMSE-DS protocol and the GDS protocol using artificial intelligence to analyze the user's cognitive ability and infer cognitive domain content correlation inference algorithms. For research on cognitive judgment technology using artificial intelligence, We provide an integrated cognitive rehabilitation service platform, provide customized training content by building a cognitive rehabilitation evaluation and training user data storage and analysis database, and design an algorithm to help improve use

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Borkenau, Peter, Daniel Leising, and Ulrike Fritz. "Effects of Communication Between Judges on Consensus and Accuracy in Judgments of People’s Intelligence." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 30, no. 4 (2014): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000188.

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We investigated how consensus and accuracy in judgments of people’s intelligence are affected by different procedures for obtaining group judgments. Watching videos of previously unacquainted targets reading a brief text, 65 triads of 3 judges judged the intelligence of 54 targets. The targets’ actual intelligence was assessed via tests of verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities. In Condition 1, each triad member judged each target’s intelligence independently, and then the individual judgments were averaged. In Condition 2, two members of a triad revealed their judgments, and the third membe

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Seong, Younho. "Judgments Under Uncertainty and Time Pressure: Modeling and Analysis of Operators' Judgments of Customers' Creditworthiness." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 3 (2005): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900345.

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Judgments about uncertain environments have been studied extensively in a variety of settings. The judgments of operators regarding customers' creditworthiness when they wish to purchase items that extend their credit lines over their limits are of particular interest. The lens model and its extension provide a framework to identify an environmental state based on relevant cues. An analysis of the performance of operators' judgments in a financial institution by use of the lens method is presented in this paper. The results of the analysis show that there are differences in the judgment polici

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Chmielecki, Michał. "Cognitive Biases in Negotiation - Literature Review." Journal of Intercultural Management 12, no. 2 (2020): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2019-0037.

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AbstractObjective: The purpose of this paper is also to thoroughly review those studies in the management literature that focused on bias in negotiation and to ascertain a couple of new research trajectories that could be observed as the result. As a matter of fact, a human’s judgment making capacity and behavior could be greatly influenced by cognitive misperceptions thus affecting decisions in negotiations. Whilst Thompson (2006) analytically examined the effects of biased decision-making processes for negotiations, the intention of this paper is to fill the gap through a systematic assessme

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