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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Commensal species »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 2 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Banks, Peter B., and Helen M. Smith. "The ecological impacts of commensal species: black rats, Rattus rattus, at the urban–bushland interface." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15048.

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Exotic species have had devastating impacts worldwide and are a major threat to native wildlife. Human commensal species (hereafter commensals) are a special class of exotic species that live largely off the resources associated with human activity. The encroachment of commensals from an urban area into surrounding bushland has been frequently overlooked as an important component of urban impacts, even though human-commensals are common to many urban regions globally. In this review, we present theoretical and empirical evidence for the processes and outcomes occurring when exotic commensal sp

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Goytia, Maira, Symone T. Thompson, Skylar V. L. Jordan, and Kacey A. King. "Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Human Commensal Neisseria Species." Antibiotics 10, no. 5 (2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050538.

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Pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. N. gonorrhoeae has evolved high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AR) leading to therapeutic failures even in dual-therapy treatment with azithromycin and ceftriaxone. AR mechanisms can be acquired by genetic transfer from closely related species, such as naturally competent commensal Neisseria species. At present, little is known about the antimicrobial resistance profiles of commensal Neisseria. Here, we characterized the phenotypic resistance profile of four commensal Neisseria species (N. lactamica, N.

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Harrison, Teal A., Ryutaro Goto, Jingchun Li, and Diarmaid Ó Foighil. "Within-host adaptive speciation of commensal yoyo clams leads to ecological exclusion, not co-existence." PeerJ 12 (August 5, 2024): e17753. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17753.

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Symbionts dominate planetary diversity and three primary symbiont diversification processes have been proposed: co-speciation with hosts, speciation by host-switching, and within-host speciation. The last mechanism is prevalent among members of an extraordinary marine symbiosis in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, composed of a host mantis shrimp, Lysiosquilla scabricauda, and seven host-specific commensal vasconielline “yoyo” clams (Galeommatoidea) that collectively occupy two distinct niches: burrow-wall-attached, and host-attached/ectocommensal. This within-host symbiont radiation provides

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Brown, Rebecca L., Max L. Y. Larkinson, and Thomas B. Clarke. "Immunological design of commensal communities to treat intestinal infection and inflammation." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 1 (2021): e1009191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009191.

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The immunological impact of individual commensal species within the microbiota is poorly understood limiting the use of commensals to treat disease. Here, we systematically profile the immunological fingerprint of commensals from the major phyla in the human intestine (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) to reveal taxonomic patterns in immune activation and use this information to rationally design commensal communities to enhance antibacterial defenses and combat intestinal inflammation. We reveal that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes have distinct effects on intestinal

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Wippel, Kathrin, Ke Tao, Yulong Niu, et al. "Host preference and invasiveness of commensal bacteria in the Lotus and Arabidopsis root microbiota." Nature Microbiology 6, no. 9 (2021): 1150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00941-9.

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AbstractRoots of different plant species are colonized by bacterial communities, that are distinct even when hosts share the same habitat. It remains unclear to what extent the host actively selects these communities and whether commensals are adapted to a specific plant species. To address this question, we assembled a sequence-indexed bacterial culture collection from roots and nodules of Lotus japonicus that contains representatives of most species previously identified using metagenomics. We analysed taxonomically paired synthetic communities from L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana in a

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Hanel, Alyssa N., Hannah M. Herzog, Michelle G. James, and Giancarlo A. Cuadra. "Effects of Oral Commensal Streptococci on Porphyromonas gingivalis Invasion into Oral Epithelial Cells." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8020039.

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The objective of this study was to determine if the interaction between common oral commensal bacteria and oral epithelial cells would provide protective effects against the invasion of periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral epithelial OKF6/Tert cells were used in co-cultures with Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus intermedius. The viability of OKF6/Tert cells following a bacterial challenge was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion. The adherence of commensal species was determined by CFU counts. P. gingivalis invasion in OKF6/Tert cel

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Hulme-Beaman, A., K. Dobney, T. Cucchi, and JB Searle. "An ecological and evolutionary framework for commensalism in anthropogenic environments." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 31 (June 7, 2016): 633–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.05.001.

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Commensalism within anthropogenic environments has not been extensively discussed, despite its impact on humans, and there is no formal framework for assessing this ecological relationship in its varied forms. Here, we examine commensalism in anthropogenic environments in detail, considering both ecological and evolutionary drivers. The many assumptions about commensalism and the nature of anthropogenic environments are discussed and we highlight dependency as a key attribute of anthropogenic commensals (anthrodependent taxa). We primarily focus on mammalian species in the anthropogenic-commen

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Greiling, Teri, Carina Anja Dehner, Stephen Renfroe, et al. "Lupus T and B cell cross-reactivity between the human Ro60 autoantigen and Ro60 orthologs from the human microbiota." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 124.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.124.16.

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Abstract Human Ro60 is an RNA binding protein that is commonly targeted in systemic autoimmunity. We identified Ro60 orthologs that are conserved in a subset of skin, oral, and gut commensal species. Since anti-Ro60 antibodies are the earliest autoantibodies detected in lupus patients, we hypothesized that commensal Ro60 orthologs may trigger autoimmunity via autoepitope cross-reactivity in genetically susceptible individuals. While Ro60-producing gut commensals were common among both healthy controls and lupus patients, only antibodies from 4 Ro60-positive lupus patients, but not Ro60-negativ

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Fast, David, Benjamin Kostiuk, Edan Foley, and Stefan Pukatzki. "Commensal pathogen competition impacts host viability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 27 (2018): 7099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802165115.

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While the structure and regulatory networks that govern type-six secretion system (T6SS) activity of Vibrio cholerae are becoming increasingly clear, we know less about the role of T6SS in disease. Under laboratory conditions, V. cholerae uses T6SS to outcompete many Gram-negative species, including other V. cholerae strains and human commensal bacteria. However, the role of these interactions has not been resolved in an in vivo setting. We used the Drosophila melanogaster model of cholera to define the contribution of T6SS to V. cholerae pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that interactions be

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Barendregt, D., M. E. Joosse, D. H. Hulleman-van Haaften, et al. "P0115 Selective immune responses to Lachnospiraceae flagellins discriminate therapy-naive pediatric Crohn’s disease patients with distinct host-microbial interaction." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 19, Supplement_1 (2025): i492. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae190.0289.

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Abstract Background Pathogenic CD4+ T-cell responses to commensal microbial antigens drive intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s disease (CD). Both hypo- or hyperactive anti-microbial innate immunity could underlie these aberrant T-cell responses. CD patients have increased IgG and T cell responses against commensal Lachnospiraceae-derived flagellins, which associate with disease complications. We investigated whether CD patients with high anti-Lachnospiraceae flagellin responses at diagnosis have underlying innate hypo- or hyperresponsiveness and high IgG responses to other dysbiotic commensals.

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Zhang, Lixin, Usha Reddi, Usha Srinivasan, et al. "Combining Microarray Technology and Molecular Epidemiology to Identify Genes Associated with Invasive Group BStreptococcus." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2008 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/314762.

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Many bacterial species function as both commensals and pathogens; we used this dual nature to develop a high-throughput molecular epidemiological approach to identifying bacterial virulence genes. We applied our approach to Group BStreptococcus(GBS). Three representative commensal and one invasive GBS isolates were selected as tester strains from a population-based collection. We used microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization to identify open reading frames (ORFs) present in two sequenced invasive strains, but absent or divergent in tester strains. We screened 23 variable ORFs against

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Huang, H. C., A. N. Vlasova, A. Kumar, et al. "Effect of antibiotic, probiotic, and human rotavirus infection on colonisation dynamics of defined commensal microbiota in a gnotobiotic pig model." Beneficial Microbes 9, no. 1 (2018): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2016.0225.

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We developed a gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model colonised with defined commensal microbiota (DMF) to provide a simplified and controlled system to study the interactions between intestinal commensals, antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, CIP), probiotics (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, EcN) and virulent human rotavirus (VirHRV). The DMF included seven gut commensal species of porcine origin that mimic the predominant species in the infant gut. Gn piglets were divided into four groups: DMF control (non-treated), DMF+CIP (CIP treated), DMF+CIP+EcN (CIP/EcN treated), DMF+EcN (EcN treated) and inoculated orally w

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Pipaliya, Binda Prakashbhai, Saurabh Chhotalal Norris, Dhwani Vasantkumar Patel, Monika Lavjibhai Mavani, and Tanuja Bakul Javadekar. "Uropathogenic Candida: Microbial profile and antifungal sensitivity patterns in a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 10, no. 3 (2024): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.044.

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Fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly caused by species, with albicans historically recognized as the most frequently isolated species. Differentiating between mere colonization and true infection—identifying whether the is a uropathogen or a commensal—is essential for appropriate clinical management. Antifungal sensitivity testing is critical in guiding effective treatment, particularly in the face of increasing resistance. The objective of this study was to analyze the microbial profile of candiduria, distinguish between uropathogenic and commensal isolates, and evaluate their

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Zhu, Weiyan, Maria X. Cardenas-Alvarez, Joshua Tomberg, Marguerite B. Little, Joseph A. Duncan, and Robert A. Nicholas. "Commensal Neisseria species share immune suppressive mechanisms with Neisseria gonorrhoeae." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284062.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a highly adapted human sexually transmitted pathogen that can cause symptomatic infections associated with localized inflammation as well as asymptomatic and subclinical infections, particularly in females. Gonococcal infection in humans does not generate an effective immune response in most cases, which contributes to both transmission of the pathogen and reinfection after treatment. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is known to evade and suppress human immune responses through a variety of mechanisms. Commensal Neisseria species that are closely related to N. gonorrhoeae, such a

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Mechergui, Arij, Wafa Achour, and Assia Ben Hassen. "Antibiotic resistance among commensal Neisseria species." Reviews in Medical Microbiology 25, no. 4 (2014): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000013.

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Mohebali, Nooshin, Katharina Ekat, Bernd Kreikemeyer, and Anne Breitrück. "Barrier Protection and Recovery Effects of Gut Commensal Bacteria on Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (2020): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082251.

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Alterations in the gut microbiota composition play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as specific commensal bacterial species are underrepresented in the microbiota of IBD patients. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of three commensal bacterial species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), Roseburia intestinalis (R. intestinalis) and Bacteroides faecis (B. faecis) in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation, by using differentiated Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells, stimulated with a pro-inflammatory cocktail consisting of interleuki

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Beresford-Jones, Benjamin Samuel, Nitin Kumar, Mark Stares, Kevin Vervier, Trevor Lawley, and Virginia Ahn Pedicord. "Deeper comparison of the human and mouse microbiota reveals the utility of mouse models." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 82.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.82.17.

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Abstract Mouse models are the backbone of many immunological studies and understanding their relevance to human disease is critical when interpreting results and moving research into the clinic. The intestinal microbiota performs essential roles in host physiology including immune development and metabolic encoding. However, it is currently uncertain to what degree the microbiota of mice is taxonomically and functionally comparable to humans. In addition, the microbiota has been identified as a leading cause of irreproducibility in mouse models but current mouse commensal genome databases are

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Laumen, Jolein Gyonne Elise, Saïd Abdellati, Christophe Van Dijck, et al. "A Novel Method to Assess Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Commensal Oropharyngeal Neisseria—A Pilot Study." Antibiotics 11, no. 1 (2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11010100.

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Commensal Neisseria provide a reservoir of resistance genes that can be transferred to the pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis in the human oropharynx. Surveillance programs are thus needed to monitor resistance in oropharyngeal commensal Neisseria, but currently the isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these commensals is laborious, complex and expensive. In addition, the posterior oropharyngeal/tonsillar swab, which is commonly used to sample oropharyngeal Neisseria, is poorly tolerated by many individuals. We evaluated an alternative non-invasive method to i

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Falavigna, Dina Lúcia Morais, Amanda Andrea de Almeida, Renata Sayuri Iwazaki, and Silvana Marques de Araújo. "Intestinal parasites in ecotourism region of the state of Paraná, Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, no. 4 (2008): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000400007.

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To determine the indices of prevalence of intestinal parasites and commensals in the residents of ecotourism region of Paraná State, a retrospective study was conducte, from January/2003 to December/2004 on 3,764 fecal parasitological examinations performed by a private laboratory of Ubiratã using the Baermann-Moraes, water-sedimentation and Willis methods. Among the individuals aged eight months to 89 years, 522 (13.9%) cases were positive. Giardia lamblia (175/522; 24.2%) was the most prevalent parasite (p<0.000). Entamoeba coli was the most common commensal, with 238/552 (32.9%) cases (p

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Li, Jingchun, Diarmaid Ó Foighil, and Ellen E. Strong. "Commensal associations and benthic habitats shape macroevolution of the bivalve clade Galeommatoidea." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1834 (2016): 20161006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1006.

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The great diversity of marine life has been shaped by the interplay between abiotic and biotic factors. Among different biotic interactions, symbiosis is an important yet less studied phenomenon. Here, we tested how symbiotic associations affected marine diversification, using the bivalve superfamily Galeommatoidea as a study system. This superfamily contains large numbers of obligate commensal as well as free-living species and is therefore amenable to comparative approaches. We constructed a global molecular phylogeny of Galeommatoidea and compared macroevolutionary patterns between free-liv

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Hiller, Alexandra, and Bernd Werding. "On a new commensal species of Aliaporcellana from the western Pacific (Crustacea, Decapoda, Porcellanidae)." ZooKeys 780 (August 8, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26388.

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Aliaporcellanaspongicolasp. n.from the Philippines and Indonesia is described. The new species has been frequently photographed by divers because of its striking coloration, but has not been described yet.Aliaporcellanaspongicolasp. n.is in fact a widespread commensal of barrel sponges of the genusXestospongiaand other sponges. Morphological characters and ecological information of all described species ofAliaporcellana, and of other porcellanids associated with sponges and soft corals, suggest that all members of the genus are commensals, and that similar morphological adaptations to dwelling

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Hiller, Alexandra, and Bernd Werding. "On a new commensal species of Aliaporcellana from the western Pacific (Crustacea, Decapoda, Porcellanidae)." ZooKeys 780 (August 8, 2018): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26388.

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Aliaporcellana spongicola sp. n. from the Philippines and Indonesia is described. The new species has been frequently photographed by divers because of its striking coloration, but has not been described yet. Aliaporcellana spongicola sp. n. is in fact a widespread commensal of barrel sponges of the genus Xestospongia and other sponges. Morphological characters and ecological information of all described species of Aliaporcellana, and of other porcellanids associated with sponges and soft corals, suggest that all members of the genus are commensals, and that similar morphological adaptations t

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Goto, Ryutaro, and Hiroshi Ishikawa. "Borniopsis mortoni sp. n. (Heterodonta, Galeommatoidea, Galeommatidae sensu lato), a new bivalve commensal with a synaptid sea cucumber from Japan." ZooKeys 615 (September 7, 2016): 33–45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.8125.

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The Galeommatoidea is a bivalve superfamily that exhibits high species diversity in shallow waters. Many members of this superfamily are associated commensally with burrowing marine invertebrates in benthic sediments. The genus Borniopsis is known only from eastern Asia and exhibits high host diversity (e.g., mantis shrimps, crabs, holothurians, sipunculans and echiurans). A new species, Borniopsis mortoni sp. n., is described from mud flats at the mouth of the Souzu River, southwestern Shikoku Island, Japan. This species has elongate-ovate shells covered by a tan to dark brown periostracum, a

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Raisman, Jordan C., Michael A. Fiore, Lucille Tomin, et al. "Evolutionary paths to macrolide resistance in a Neisseria commensal converge on ribosomal genes through short sequence duplications." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0262370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262370.

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Neisseria commensals are an indisputable source of resistance for their pathogenic relatives. However, the evolutionary paths commensal species take to reduced susceptibility in this genus have been relatively underexplored. Here, we leverage in vitro selection as a powerful screen to identify the genetic adaptations that produce azithromycin resistance (≥ 2 μg/mL) in the Neisseria commensal, N. elongata. Across multiple lineages (n = 7/16), we find mutations that reduce susceptibility to azithromycin converge on the locus encoding the 50S ribosomal L34 protein (rpmH) and the intergenic region

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Kahler, Charlene M. "Neisseria species and their complicated relationships with human health." Microbiology Australia 42, no. 2 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma21024.

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Neisseria spp. are a transient low abundance member of the human microbiome. This species contains the very well described pathogens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. Recent advances in molecular typing have revealed that this genus is more diverse than previously thought and that commensal species may have important roles in inhibiting the growth the pathogens. This short review summates these new findings and examines the evidence that the relatively under-reported Neisseria commensal species maybe beneficial to human health.

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Parmentier, Eric, Déborah Lanterbecq, and Igor Eeckhaut. "From commensalism to parasitism in Carapidae (Ophidiiformes): heterochronic modes of development?" PeerJ 4 (March 10, 2016): e1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1786.

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Phenotypic variations allow a lineage to move into new regions of the adaptive landscape. The purpose of this study is to analyse the life history of the pearlfishes (Carapinae) in a phylogenetic framework and particularly to highlight the evolution of parasite and commensal ways of life. Furthermore, we investigate the skull anatomy of parasites and commensals and discuss the developmental process that would explain the passage from one form to the other. The genusCarapusforms a paraphyletic grouping in contrast to the genusEncheliophis, which forms a monophyletic cluster. The combination of

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Abdulkarem, Ahmed Talib, Ahmed Abbas Hasan, Hasan Raheem Khudhur, and Saif M. Abed. "Overview of Opportunistic Bacteria." Karbala Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62472/kjps.v14.i23.11-21.

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The receptive patient and the bacterium serve as the two defining criteria for opportunistic bacteria. Theoretically, no saprophytic or typical commensal microbes can infiltrate a healthy receptive person. Only specific "undesirable" commensal species, "such as Vargues' Specific Pathogenic Bacteria", can infect this person. Several species from the typical commensal flora, or opportunistic bacteria in the wide meaning of the word, “may infiltrate an otherwise healthy host if their immune defences temporarily deteriorate”. Even species that were previously thought to be non-virulent may assault

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De Assis, José, Jose Souza, Manuela Lima, Gislaine Lima, Ralf Cordeiro, and Carlos Pérez. "Association between deep-water scale-worms (Annelida: Polynoidae) and black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the Southwestern Atlantic." Zoologia 36 (June 18, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e28714.

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Polynoid scale-worms have been found living as commensals with deep-water antipatharians (commonly known as black corals) in the Potiguar Basin, off Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil. In this paper two polychaete species and four black corals species are redescribed. Benhamipolynoecf.antipathicola and Parahololepidellacf.greeffi, and the black coral Stylopathesadinocrada Opresko, 2006 are recorded for the Southwestern Atlantic. Benhamipolynoecf.antipathicola was ﬁrst described from off New Zealand and the Malay Archipelago, as symbiont with the black coral Stylopathestenuispina (S

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Macholán, Miloš, Kristina Daniszová, and Zuzana Hiadlovská. "The Expansion of House Mouse Major Urinary Protein Genes Likely Did Not Facilitate Commensalism with Humans." Genes 14, no. 11 (2023): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14112090.

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Mouse wild-derived strains (WDSs) combine the advantages of classical laboratory stocks and wild animals, and thus appear to be promising tools for diverse biomedical and evolutionary studies. We employed 18 WDSs representing three non-synanthropic species (Mus spretus, Mus spicilegus, and M. macedonicus) and three house mouse subspecies (Mus musculus musculus, M. m. domesticus, M. m. castaneus), which are all important human commensals to explore whether the number of major urinary protein (MUP) genes and their final protein levels in urine are correlated with the level of commensalism. Contr

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Knapp, J. S. "Historical perspectives and identification of Neisseria and related species." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 4 (1988): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.4.415.

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The pathogenic Neisseria spp., N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, have been studied extensively and rapid identification procedures have been designed to distinguish these species from the commensal Neisseria and related species that are normal flora of the oro- and nasopharynx. The commensal Neisseria spp. have been largely ignored except for isolated studies. It is important that we know about these species, however, because not only may some be misidentified as pathogenic species if identified with inappropriate procedures, but also they may occasionally be isolated from unusual sites and

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Shalev, Or, Talia L. Karasov, Derek S. Lundberg, Haim Ashkenazy, Pratchaya Pramoj Na Ayutthaya, and Detlef Weigel. "Commensal Pseudomonas strains facilitate protective response against pathogens in the host plant." Nature Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 4 (2022): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01673-7.

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AbstractThe community structure in the plant-associated microbiome depends collectively on host–microbe, microbe–microbe and host–microbe–microbe interactions. The ensemble of interactions between the host and microbial consortia may lead to outcomes that are not easily predicted from pairwise interactions. Plant–microbe–microbe interactions are important to plant health but could depend on both host and microbe strain variation. Here we study interactions between groups of naturally co-existing commensal and pathogenic Pseudomonas strains in the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere. We find that

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McAleer, Jeremy, Nikki Nguyen, Kong Chen, et al. "Pulmonary Th17 immunity is regulated by regenerating islet-derived III-gamma and the gut microbiome (MUC4P.826)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (2014): 133.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.133.2.

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Abstract Antimicrobial proteins provide an innate immune barrier against pathogen invasion. Here we identify a function for the bactericidal lectin regenerating islet-derived III-gamma (RegIIIγ) in shaping CD4 T cell polarization. Gram-positive bacteria in the intestine induce RegIIIγ expression, which modulates the immune tone of the gut, resulting in decreased Th17-type immunity during pulmonary fungal infection. This was associated with RegIIIγ inhibiting intestinal colonization with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a pro-inflammatory commensal that augments Th17 differentiation. Vanco

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Chacón-Monge, José-Leonardo, Arturo Angulo, and Jorge Cortés. "New hosts and morphological data for the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) from collections made in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 69, Suppl.2 (2021): S219—S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.2.48319.

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Introduction: The family Carapidae includes about 40 species of marine fishes distributed in coastal habitats worldwide. The family includes some free-living species, however, most of them are found as commensal inquilines or parasites of marine invertebrates, including several echinoderm species. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific, the biology and host use of the representatives of the Carapidae is relatively poorly known. Objective: The present study reports the occurrence of the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani within three previously unknown hosts in the region: the sea stars Nidorellia

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GOTTELAND, CÉCILE, YANNICK CHAVAL, ISABELLE VILLENA, et al. "Species or local environment, what determines the infection of rodents by Toxoplasma gondii?" Parasitology 141, no. 2 (2013): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013001522.

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SUMMARYToxoplasmosis is largely present in rural areas but its spatial distribution in this environment remains poorly known. In particular, it is unclear if areas of high density of cats, the only hosts excreting Toxoplasma gondii, constitute foci of high prevalence. To improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of T. gondii in rural areas, we performed a serological survey in rodents from two villages in France. We trapped 710 rodents including commensal rats and meadow or forest voles and mice. The presence of T. gondii was examined using PCR, mice inoculation and modified agglut

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Periasamy, Saravanan, Natalia I. Chalmers, Laurence Du-Thumm, and Paul E. Kolenbrander. "Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 Requires Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 43146 for Growth on Saliva in a Three-Species Community That Includes Streptococcus oralis 34." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (2009): 3250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02901-08.

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ABSTRACT Formation of dental plaque is a developmental process involving initial and late colonizing species that form polymicrobial communities. Fusobacteria are the most numerous gram-negative bacteria in dental plaque, but they become prevalent after the initial commensal colonizers, such as streptococci and actinomyces, have established communities. The unusual ability of these bacteria to coaggregate with commensals, as well as pathogenic late colonizers, has been proposed to facilitate colonization by the latter organisms. We investigated the integration of Fusobacterium nucleatum into m

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De, Assis José Eriberto, Souza José Roberto B. de, Lima Manuela M. de, Lima Gislaine V. de, Ralf T.S. Cordeiro, and Carlos D. Pérez. "Association between deep-water scale-worms (Annelida: Polynoidae) and black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the Southwestern Atlantic." Zoologia 36 (June 18, 2019): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e28714.

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Polynoid scale-worms have been found living as commensals with deep-water antipatharians (commonly known as black corals) in the Potiguar Basin, off Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil. In this paper two polychaete species and four black corals species are redescribed. Benhamipolynoe cf. antipathicola and Parahololepidella cf. greeffi, and the black coral Stylopathes adinocrada Opresko, 2006 are recorded for the Southwestern Atlantic. Benhamipolynoe cf. antipathicola was first described from off New Zealand and the Malay Archipelago, as symbiont with the black coral Stylopathes tenu

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Clark, Sarah E., Melissa Schopper, and Kadi Horn. "Airway bacteria prime innate immune protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (2021): 16.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.16.24.

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Abstract Commensal (non-pathogenic) bacteria play an important role in protecting against disease. In both humans and animal models, the depletion of commensal bacteria by antibiotics increases susceptibility to pathogen infection of the lung. However, the specific commensal bacteria which contribute to this protective effect remain undefined. In the respiratory tract, Prevotella species are frequently associated with health rather than disease, indicating a potentially beneficial role. Specifically, some Prevotella species negatively correlate with infection with the bacterial pathogen Strept

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Chung, Whasun O., and Beverly A. Dale. "Innate Immune Response of Oral and Foreskin Keratinocytes: Utilization of Different Signaling Pathways by Various Bacterial Species." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 1 (2004): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.1.352-358.2004.

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ABSTRACT The innate immune response is critical for the epithelial antimicrobial barrier. The human β-defensins are small, cationic antimicrobial peptides that are made by epithelial cells and that play a role in mucosal and skin defenses. Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is expressed constitutively in epithelial tissues, whereas hBD-2 and hBD-3 are expressed in response to bacterial stimuli or inflammation. Previous studies showed that hBD-2 was induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum cell wall extract without the involvement of the NF-κB transcription factors, which typically are associated with innate

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Bokor-Bratic, Marija. "Oral candidiasis-adhesion of non-albicans Candida species." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 114 (2008): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0814069b.

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Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused primarily by Candida albicans. However, in recent years, species of non-albicans Candida have been implicated more frequently in mucosal infection. Candida species usually reside as commensal organisms and are part of normal oral microflora. Determining exactly how transformation from commensal to pathogen takes place and how it can be prevented is continuous challenge for clinical doctors. Candidal adherence to mucosal surfaces is considered as a critical initial step in the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis. Acrylic dentures, acting as res

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Wlodarska, Marta, Chengwei Luo, Raivo Kolde, et al. "Indoleacrylic Acid Produced by Commensal Peptostreptococcus Species Suppresses Inflammation." Cell Host & Microbe 22, no. 1 (2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.007.

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Dubik, Magdalena, Bartosz Pilecki, and Jesper Bonnet Moeller. "Commensal Intestinal Protozoa—Underestimated Members of the Gut Microbial Community." Biology 11, no. 12 (2022): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121742.

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The human gastrointestinal microbiota contains a diverse consortium of microbes, including bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and fungi. Through millennia of co-evolution, the host–microbiota interactions have shaped the immune system to both tolerate and maintain the symbiotic relationship with commensal microbiota, while exerting protective responses against invading pathogens. Microbiome research is dominated by studies describing the impact of prokaryotic bacteria on gut immunity with a limited understanding of their relationship with other integral microbiota constituents. However, converging e

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Zhang, Yilin, Xinrui Lv, Weiwei Cao, et al. "Survey of Colistin Resistance in Commensal Bacteria from Penaeus vannamei Farms in China." Foods 12, no. 11 (2023): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12112143.

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Aquatic environments are important reservoirs for drug resistance. Aquatic foods may act as carriers to lead antibiotic-resistant commensal bacteria into the human gastrointestinal system, then contacting gut microbiota and spreading antibiotic resistance. Here, several shrimp farms were investigated to identify colistin resistance among commensal bacteria of aquaculture. A total of 884 (41.6%) colistin-resistant isolates were identified among 2126 strains. Electroporation demonstrated that colistin-resistant fragments were present in some commensal bacteria that could be transferred to other

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Turaga, Uday, and Steven M. Presley. "Role of Tick Commensal Bacteria in the Propagation of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Data Gaps and One Health Implications." Zoonotic Diseases 4, no. 4 (2024): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4040024.

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Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites notorious for their role as vectors of pathogens that affect humans and animals, particularly relative to the propagation of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Two important factors facilitating the role of ticks in the propagation of EIDs are their potential for the development of resistance to acaricides and the expansion of nonindigenous tick species into new geographic regions. The acquisition of acaricide resistance enables tick populations to be less susceptible to vector control programs. Expansion of the geographic distribution of tick p

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Wogan, Guinevere O. U., Bryan L. Stuart, Djoko T. Iskandar, and Jimmy A. McGuire. "Deep genetic structure and ecological divergence in a widespread human commensal toad." Biology Letters 12, no. 1 (2016): 20150807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0807.

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The Asian common toad ( Duttaphrynus melanostictus ) is a human commensal species that occupies a wide variety of habitats across tropical Southeast Asia. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in D. melanostictus is weakly associated with geography owing to natural and human-mediated dispersal facilitated by its commensal nature. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation, and predictive species distribution modelling, unexpectedly recovered three distinct evolutionary lineages that differ genetically and ecologically, corresponding

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Ashbee, H. Ruth, and E. Glyn V. Evans. "Immunology of Diseases Associated with Malassezia Species." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 1 (2002): 21–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.15.1.21-57.2002.

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SUMMARY Malassezia species are members of the human cutaneous commensal flora, in addition to causing a wide range of cutaneous and systemic diseases in suitably predisposed individuals. Studies examining cellular and humoral immune responses specific to Malassezia species in patients with Malassezia-associated diseases and healthy controls have generally been unable to define significant differences in their immune response. The use of varied antigenic preparations and strains from different Malassezia classifications may partly be responsible for this, although these problems can now be over

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Ortiz Moyano, Ramiro, Fernanda Raya Tonetti, Mikado Tomokiyo, et al. "The Ability of Respiratory Commensal Bacteria to Beneficially Modulate the Lung Innate Immune Response Is a Strain Dependent Characteristic." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (2020): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050727.

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We investigated whether the ability of commensal respiratory bacteria to modulate the innate immune response against bacterial and viral pathogens was a shared or strain-specific characteristic. Bacterial strains belonging to the Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and Dolosigranulum pigrum species were compared by studying their influence in the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2- and TLR3-triggered immune responses in the respiratory tract, as well as in the resistance to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. We demonstrated that nasally administered C. pseudodi

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Cheng, X., S. Redanz, P. Treerat, et al. "Magnesium-Dependent Promotion of H2O2 Production Increases Ecological Competitiveness of Oral Commensal Streptococci." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 7 (2020): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520912181.

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The pyruvate oxidase (SpxB)–dependent production of H2O2 is widely distributed among oral commensal streptococci. Several studies confirmed the ability of H2O2 to antagonize susceptible oral bacterial species, including caries-associated Streptococcus mutans as well as several periodontal pathobionts. Here we report a potential mechanism to bolster oral commensal streptococcal H2O2 production by magnesium (Mg2+) supplementation. Magnesium is a cofactor for SpxB catalytic activity, and supplementation increases the production of H2O2 in vitro. We demonstrate that Mg2+ affects spxB transcription

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Ravinet, Mark, Tore Oldeide Elgvin, Cassandra Trier, Mansour Aliabadian, Andrey Gavrilov, and Glenn-Peter Sætre. "Signatures of human-commensalism in the house sparrow genome." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (2018): 20181246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1246.

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House sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) are a hugely successful anthrodependent species; occurring on nearly every continent. Yet, despite their ubiquity and familiarity to humans, surprisingly little is known about their origins. We sought to investigate the evolutionary history of the house sparrow and identify the processes involved in its transition to a human-commensal niche. We used a whole genome resequencing dataset of 120 individuals from three Eurasian species, including three populations of Bactrianus sparrows, a non-commensal, divergent house sparrow lineage occurring in the Near East

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Phalak, Poonam, and Michael Henson. "Metabolic Modeling of Clostridium difficile Associated Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota." Processes 7, no. 2 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7020097.

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Recent in vitro experiments have demonstrated the ability of the pathogen Clostridium difficile and commensal gut bacteria to form biofilms on surfaces, and biofilm development in vivo is likely. Various studies have reported that 3%–15% of healthy adults are asymptomatically colonized with C. difficile, with commensal species providing resistance against C. difficile pathogenic colonization. C. difficile infection (CDI) is observed at a higher rate in immunocompromised patients previously treated with broad spectrum antibiotics that disrupt the commensal microbiota and reduce competition for

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Balčiauskas, Linas, Laima Balčiauskienė, Andrius Garbaras, and Vitalijus Stirkė. "Diversity and Diet Differences of Small Mammals in Commensal Habitats." Diversity 13, no. 8 (2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080346.

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The stability of diversity of syntopic (inhabiting the same habitat in the same time) small mammals in commensal habitats, such as farmsteads and kitchen gardens, and, as a proxy of their diet, their isotopic niches, was investigated in Lithuania in 2019–2020. We tested whether the separation of species corresponds to the trophic guilds, whether their diets are related to possibilities of getting additional food from humans, and whether their diets are subject to seasonal trends. We analyzed diversity, dominance and distribution of hair δ13C and δ15N values. Diversity and dominance was not sta

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