Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Comoros »

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Comoros"

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Bergsten, Johannes, and Olof Biström. "Diversification in the Comoros: Review of the Laccophilus alluaudi Species Group with the Description of Four New Species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)." Diversity 14, no. 2 (2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020081.

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The Laccophilus alluaudi species group is an interesting case of an endemic species radiation of Madagascar and the Comoros. To date, a single species, Laccophilus tigrinus Guignot, 1959 (Anjouan), is known from the Comoro Islands, with eight other species known from Madagascar. Here we review the Laccophilus alluaudi species group from the Comoro Islands based on partly new material. We recognize five species, out of which four are here described as new: L. mohelicus n. sp. (Mohéli), L. denticulatus n. sp. (Grande Comore), L. michaelbalkei n. sp. (Mayotte) and L. mayottei n. sp. (Mayotte). Based on morphology of male genitalia, we hypothesize that the five species form a monophyletic group and originated from a single colonization event from Madagascar. If confirmed, this would constitute one of the few examples of intra-archipelago diversification in the Comoros. The knowledge of species limits in relation to their distribution in the Comoros archipelago is also urgently needed in the face of rapid habitat degradation.
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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "COMOROS." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01160.

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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "COMOROS." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00311.

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N. Agoti, Charles, George Githinji, Khadija S. Mohammed, et al. "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant 501Y.V2 in Comoros Islands in January 2021." Wellcome Open Research 6 (July 28, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16889.1.

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Background. Genomic data is key in understanding the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and informing the design and evaluation of interventions. However, SARS-CoV-2 genomic data remains scarce across Africa, with no reports yet from the Indian Ocean islands. Methods. We genome sequenced six SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from the first major infection wave in the Union of Comoros in January 2021 and undertook detailed phylogenetic analysis. Results. All the recovered six genomes classified within the 501Y.V2 variant of concern (also known as lineage B.1.351) and appeared to be from 2 sub-clusters with the most recent common ancestor dated 30th Oct-2020 (95% Credibility Interval: 06th Sep-2020 to 10th Dec-2020). Comparison of the Comoros genomes with those of 501Y.V2 variant of concern from other countries deposited into the GISAID database revealed their close association with viruses identified in France and Mayotte (part of the Comoros archipelago and a France, Overseas Department). Conclusions. The recovered genomes, albeit few, confirmed local transmission following probably multiple introductions of the SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 variant of concern during the Comoros’s first major COVID-19 wave. These findings demonstrate the importance of genomic surveillance and have implications for ongoing control strategies on the islands.
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Kamal, Thabiti, Yunfeng Huang, Su Xu, Imranul Islam, and Shenghui Cui. "Phosphorus Demand for Food Security: A Case Study of a Food-Deficient Country." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051345.

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The modern global food production system relies heavily on a considerable input of phosphorus. Sustainable food and agriculture need integrated phosphorus management, especially in phosphorus-scarce and food-deficient countries. This study aimed to investigate the phosphorus requirements to meet the future food demand for a phosphorus-scarce and food-deficient country, Comoros, as a case study. With its rapid population growth, domestic food production is far from meeting the food demand in Comoros, and the country relies on imported foods to satisfy the national needs; it is currently a net food importer, an import-dependent nation. We first calculated the virtual and embedded phosphorus flows through food trade in Comoros, from 1991 to 2013, and then estimated the phosphorus requirements for the future food demand under two scenarios. We found that the total virtual and embedded phosphorus through imported food increased from 163,313 to 493,190.97 kg and 53,190.12 to 143,009.62 kg in 1991 and 2013, respectively. Whereas, the embedded phosphorus through exported food shifted from 2548.75 to 1334.5 kg in 1991 and 2013, respectively. In addition, the Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR) analysis found that Comoros’s SSR is far below 100%; it varied from 46.27% in 1991 to 29.70% in 2013, indicating that the capacity of domestic production to cover domestic consumption fell by 16.57% during that period. In terms of phosphorus requirements, Comoros will require approximately 3,003,435.09 kg of phosphorus to reach 90% of the SSR or 3,337,150.10 kg to achieve 100% of the SSR, by 2030. These amounts could allow farmers to domestically produce the entire volume of food crops and livestock products that would otherwise be imported from trade.
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Kaltenbach, Thomas, Nathalie Mary, and Jean-Luc Gattolliat. "The Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) of the Comoros and Mayotte." African Invertebrates 62, no. 2 (2021): 427–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.70632.

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Material collected in 1974 during the Austrian Hydrobiological Mission of F. Starmühlner to the Comoros and during recent years by one of the authors (NM) in the course of an ongoing freshwater monitoring program in Mayotte is the basis of this first larger study of the mayfly family Baetidae in the Comoros Archipelago (Comoros, Mayotte). We identified eight different species using morphological characters, four species on both the Comoros and Mayotte, three species on the Comoros only and one species on Mayotte only. Two species, Dabulamanzia mayottensis sp. nov. and Nigrobaetis richardi sp. nov., are new to science; they are described and illustrated based on their nymphs. The nymph of Afroptilum bicorne (Ulmer, 1909) is described for the first time and its assignment to this species is discussed. The description of the previously endemic Malagasy species Potamocloeon (Aquaediva) freitagae (Gattolliat, 2001), is complemented based on the additional material from the Comoros and re-examination of the type material. A key to the nymphs of all species of Baetidae in the Comoros and Mayotte is provided and the biogeography of the family in this region is discussed.
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SMIT, HARRY, VLADIMIR PESIC, and NATHALIE MARY-SASAL. "New species of water mites from the Comoros (Acari: Hydrachnidia)." Zootaxa 2213, no. 1 (2009): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2213.1.2.

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Three new species are described from the Comoros, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean: Teratothyasides scutulatus Smit & Pesic n. sp., Platymamersopsis comoros Smit & Pesic n. sp. and Atractides comorosensis Smit & Pesic n. sp. One species is reported new for the fauna of the Comoros, i.e. Monatractides ventriosa (K. Viets, 1916).
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Joseph Ottenheimer, Harriet. "Spelling Shinzwani." Written Language and Literacy 4, no. 1 (2001): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.4.1.03jos.

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This paper surveys the history of dictionary construction and orthographic choice in the Comoros — a former French colony in the Indian Ocean — with special reference to issues of literacy, identity, and politics. Evidence ranging from 16th century wordlists to contemporary bilingual/bidirectional dictionaries, as well as colonial, missionary, and scholarly approaches to lexicography and orthography in the Comoros, are examined and compared. While Arabic-influenced writing systems have a long history in the Comoros, the experiences of colonialism and independence in the 20th century introduced French- and phonemically-influenced systems. As the Comoros move into the 21st century, linguists and ethnographers are attempting to assist with questions of standardization, literacy, and dictionary construction. The situation remains fluid, with considerations of tradition, modernity, nationalism, and representation to be taken into account. This paper seeks to address the complex interrelationships between orthographic choice and ethnic identity in the Comoros, with special reference to the development of the first bilingual/bidirectional Shinzwani-English dictionary.
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Lee, Yoosook, Natalie Olson, Youki Yamasaki, et al. "Absence of kdr resistance alleles in the Union of the Comoros, East Africa." F1000Research 4 (June 9, 2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6567.1.

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Knockdown resistance (kdr) and CYP9K1 genotypes were detected by a MOLDI-TOF based SNP genotyping assay (Sequenom iPLEX) in samples of Anopheles gambiae collected at 13 sites throughout the Union of the Comoros and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania during February and March 2011. All A. gambiae specimens collected in the Comoros were homozygous for the susceptible kdr alleles (+/+) while 96% of A. gambiae from Dar es Salaam were homozygous for the East African kdr resistant genotype (E/E). In contrast, all specimens from Dar es Salaam and the Comoros were homozygous for the cyp3 allele (c3/c3) at the CYP9K1 locus; the locus has been implicated in metabolic resistance against pyrethroid insecticides in West Africa. All specimens had typical A. gambiae genotypes for SNPs within the divergence Islands on all three chromosomes. Although further spatial and temporal studies are needed, the distribution of kdr genotypes between the Comoros and Tanzania further supports isolation of the Comoros populations from A. gambiae populations on mainland Africa.
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International Monetary Fund. "Comoros: Statistical Annex." IMF Staff Country Reports 97, no. 115 (1997): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451809015.002.

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