Articles de revues : « Computer-cooling system »

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Levin, Il’ya, Aleksey Dordopulo, Yuriy Doronchenko, Maksim Raskladkin, and Aleksandr Fedorov. "Immersion cooling system for FPGA-based reconfigurable computer systems." Program Systems: Theory and Applications 7, no. 4 (2016): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25209/2079-3316-2016-7-4-65-81.

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Mhammad, Aree A., Faraidun K. Hama Salh, and Najmadin W. Abdulrahman. "Numerical Solution for Non-Stationary Heat Equation in Cooling of Computer Radiator System." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 12, no. 1 (2008): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10199.

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Levin, I. I., A. I. Dordopulo, Y. I. Doronchenko, M. K. Raskladkin, A. M. Fedorov, and Z. V. Kalyaev. "Immersion liquid cooling FPGA-based reconfigurable computer system." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 25 (2016): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.12.070.

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Lee, Dae Hee, Jun Sik Lee, Yoon Seok Cha, Dae Keun Lee, and Myeong Chan Jo. "P-48 Measurements of Air Temperature Distribution and Optimum Cooling Condition inside the Computer System." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2007.6 (2007): _P—48–1_—_P—48–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2007.6._p-48-1_.

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Ahmad Khalid, Shamsul Kamal, Noor Azah Samsudin, Nor Amirul Amri Nordin, and Muhammad Syariff Aripin. "Laptop Cooling Pad Temperature Monitoring System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 1 (2018): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp420-427.

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Cooling pads are commonly used to reduce temperature of laptop to avoid overheating problem. However, existing cooling pads are prone to various limitations: fixed voltage in the hardware component, inaccurate temperature readings and lacked of computer-based temperature monitoring functions. In this paper, a laptop cooling system with multivoltage fan speed controller using real-time processor temperature readings is proposed. A graphical user interface (GUI) and color coded LEDs are also implemented to provide visual inspection of the temperature values captured from the laptop. The temperature values are displayed in graph and tabular form. The performance of the proposed cooling pad with computer-based monitoring application is evaluated against two other types of existing cooling pad systems. The experiments have shown that the temperature values can be monitored clearly with the proposed GUI. More importantly, the proposed cooling pad system has the potential to achieve lower temperature faster than the rest of the existing cooling pad systems.

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Kwon, T. H. "Mold Cooling System Design Using Boundary Element Method." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 4 (1988): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187898.

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Cooling system design in injection molding industries is of great importance because it significantly affects productivity and the quality of the final part. It would thus be very helpful for mold designers to be able to use a computer aided design tool in determining locations of cooling channels and process conditions to achieve uniform cooling and minimum cooling time. Towards this goal, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) has been applied to develop a system of computer aided cooling system design programs: (a) an interactive design program using a two-dimensional BEM and (b) a cooling analysis program using a three-dimensional BEM. In the present work, the injection molding cooling process is simplified by quasi-steady-state heat transfer in terms of cycle-averaged temperature. In this regard, a cycle-averaged heat transfer coefficient between a mold and polymeric material has been introduced for a cycle-averaged boundary condition. In the present paper, discussion centers on the fundamental modeling of the cooling process and the features of the BEM mold cooling design systems.

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Левин, И. И., А. И. Дордопуло, Ю. И. Доронченко, М. К. Раскладкин, and А. М. Федоров. "A reconfigurable computer system based on FPGAs with liquid cooling." Numerical Methods and Programming (Vychislitel'nye Metody i Programmirovanie), no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26089/nummet.v17r111.

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Статья посвящена проблемам построения перспективных реконфигурируемых вычислительных систем c жидкостным охлаждением для программируемых логических интегральных схем семейства Xilinx Virtex UltraScale. Рассматриваются архитектура, компоновка и сравнительные технические характеристики систем погружного жидкостного охлаждения. Приводятся результаты расчетов, макетирования и экспериментальной проверки основных технических решений созданного вычислительного модуля нового поколения для построения высокопроизводительных вычислительных систем с жидкостным охлаждением с производительностью 1 Пфлопс в стандартном вычислительном шкафу высотой 47U при потребляемой мощности 150 кВт. Реконфигурируемая вычислительная система с жидкостным охлаждением обеспечивает существенное преимущество по таким технико-экономическим параметрам, как реальная и удельная производительность, энергоэффективность, массогабаритные характеристики и другим по сравнению с аналогичными системами. The paper deals with problems of design of promising reconfigurable computer systems with liquid cooling for Xilinx Virtex UltraScale FPGAs. Architecture, placement and comparative technical parameters of systems with immersion liquid cooling are considered. Results of design, prototyping and experimental testing of the principal technical solutions of the designed computational module of the next generation are discussed. The computational module is intended for the creation of high-performance computer systems with liquid cooling with performance of 1 PFlops in a standard 47U computer rack with power of 150 kWatt. The reconfigurable computer system with liquid cooling provides considerable advantage in such technical and economical parameters as the real performance and the specific performance, power efficiency, mass and dimension parameters, etc. in comparison with similar systems.

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Wang, Qi Bing, Zhi Ming Wang, and An Hua Peng. "Optimization Design of Cooling System of Vacuum Calibrator for Plastics Profile Extrusion." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.959.

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Plastic profile produced by extrusion die should be cooled down and calibrated by calibrator ,so the proper design of the cooling system in calibrator was very important to the profile quality .The cooling channels in calibrator were preliminarily designed according to target function, and peculiar heterotype optimum designs of the local cooling channels were carried out by means of numerical simulation , the cooling effect was improved obviously ,Based on enterprise resource planning ERP system and parallel project computer aided design/computer aided Engineering CAD/CAE intellectualized data-base network, design for the cooling system was more reasonable, and could meet the demands of customers much better.

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Abu-Mulaweh, Hosni I., and Hossein Oloomi. "Design and Development of a Computer-Controlled Interactive Cooling System." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 42, no. 1 (2014): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijmee.42.1.2.

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Turng, L. S., and K. K. Wang. "A Computer-Aided Cooling-Line Design System for Injection Molds." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 2 (1990): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899560.

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This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the heat-transfer process during the injection molding of plastics as an aid to mold design. A numerical scheme using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) with “zonal” approach has been developed to solve the quasi-steady temperature field and its normal derivative over the entire surface of the mold plates including the cavity wall as well as parting surface. In order to obtain a solution for the temperature field, a cycle-averaged heat-transfer coefficient is introduced from a transient heat-conduction analysis and applied as the boundary condition at the cavity surface. The numerical predictions as compared with the experimental data have shown that the cycle-averaged solution used in this study gives a reasonable representation of the transient temperature variation over the cavity surface. Based on the numerical predictions, the mold designer will be able to design a proper cooling-system for a mold to achieve better part quality and high productivity through more uniform cooling and shorter cycle time, respectively.

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Septiadi, Wayan Nata, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Desy Wulandari, Made Ricki Murti, et al. "Cascade Straight Heat Pipe for Computer Cooling System with Nanofluid." International Journal of Technology 10, no. 8 (2019): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i8.3634.

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Gayathri Prasad, P., L. V. R. S. V. Prasad Chilamkurti, and K. Santarao. "Investigation to Enhance the Performance of Computer Processor Cooling System." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 954 (October 23, 2020): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/954/1/012022.

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Насибуллаев, Ильдар Шамилевич, and Олег Владимирович Даринцев. "Computer 2D modelling of a micro-grip fluid cooling system." Вычислительные технологии, no. 2 (June 22, 2021): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2021.26.2.002.

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Представлено компьютерное численное моделирование системы жидкостного охлаждения камеры микрозахвата. Построены математические модели течения жидкости, переноса тепла жидкостью, теплообмена между жидкостью и радиатором, теплообмена между радиатором и элементом Пельтье. Определено влияние геометрических и физических параметров камеры микрозахвата на эффективность системы охлаждения, а также найдена зависимость максимальной температуры, установившейся на радиаторе, от скорости течения охлаждающей жидкости и коэффициента теплопередачи между радиатором и жидкостью для стационарного течения. Проведено исследование влияния нестационарного течения жидкости на колебания температуры радиатора. На основе результатов численного моделирования предложены простые аналитические формулы, которые можно использовать в программном обеспечении системы управления микрозахватом Numerical simulation of a micro-grip chamber fluid cooling system is presented. The mathematical models for mass and heat transfer in a fluid, heat exchange between the fluid and the radiator as well as the heat exchange between the radiator and the Peltier element are constructed in a variational form. The equations of hydrodynamics and heat equations were simulated by the finite element method in the FreeFem++ software. The influence of the geometric and physical parameters of the cooling system chamber on the efficiency of the device is determined. It is shown that as the heat transfer coefficient between the radiator and the fluid and the velocity of the coolant increases, the maximum steady-state temperature on the radiator nonlinearly decreases with saturation. When flow of coolant oscillates then the temperature on the radiator so does with the flow frequency. As the flow frequency increases, the amplitude of temperature fluctuations decreases. The increasing amplitude of flow oscillations leads to the amplification of the temperature amplitude. Using orthogonal central compositional method, the influence of the parameters (heat transfer coefficient, fluid velocity) on the efficiency of the cooling system is found, and the contribution of pairwise interaction is determined. Based on the results of numerical modelling, simple analytical formulas are proposed that can be used in the software module of the micro-grip cooling control system.

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Pambudi, Nugroho Agung, Husin Bugis, Ilham Wahyu Kuncoro, et al. "Preliminary experimental of GPU immersion-cooling." E3S Web of Conferences 93 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199303003.

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A typical information technology system takes around 40% of the total energy used in cooling the system. There are three major classifications of cooling system and they are: water cooling, close loop liquid cooling, and immersion cooling systems. Immersion cooling has been observed to be the latest trend in cooling systems for IT devices. It is a cooling procedure that is carried out through the immersion of all computer components in a dielectric coolant. This research examined the cooling process of GPU using this immersion method. Mineral oil, because of its high dielectric strength, is used as a medium fluid. The temperature difference between the use of fan and immersion cooling was then measured using a benchmark software. The result showed that the immersion cooling produced a lower GPU temperature compared to the conventional fan. The working temperature of the GPU with the use of immersion method was 70°C while it was 80°C with the conventional fan method.

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Rui, Cao, Ruan Lin, and Xiong Bin. "Design and Development of a Evaporative Cooling System for Desktop Computers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.584.

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The authors designed a set of adherent self-circulation evaporative cooling system for a general desktop computer, and also tested its performance.The results show that: this cooling system can effectively dissipate heat of the CPU, the temperature will be kept below 50°C while operating at full load; For this application,we remove the fan of the CPU and achieve zero-noise and zero-power of computer equipment basically.

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Joudi, Khalid A., and Qussai J. Abdul-Ghafour. "Development of design charts for solar cooling systems. Part I: computer simulation for a solar cooling system and development of solar cooling design charts." Energy Conversion and Management 44, no. 2 (2003): 313–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(02)00045-6.

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Sakurai, Yasuo, Takeshi Nakada, and Kazuya Edamura. "Liquid Cooling System for CPU by Electroconjugate Fluid." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 126301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/126301.

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The dissipated power of CPU for personal computer has been increased because the performance of personal computer becomes higher. Therefore, a liquid cooling system has been employed in some personal computers in order to improve their cooling performance. Electroconjugate fluid (ECF) is one of the functional fluids. ECF has a remarkable property that a strong jet flow is generated between electrodes when a high voltage is applied to ECF through the electrodes. By using this strong jet flow, an ECF-pump with simple structure, no sliding portion, no noise, and no vibration seems to be able to be developed. And then, by the use of the ECF-pump, a new liquid cooling system by ECF seems to be realized. In this study, to realize this system, an ECF-pump is proposed and fabricated to investigate the basic characteristics of the ECF-pump experimentally. Next, by utilizing the ECF-pump, a model of a liquid cooling system by ECF is manufactured and some experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of this system. As a result, by using this system, the temperature of heat source of 50 W is kept at 60°C or less. In general, CPU is usually used at this temperature or less.

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KONDO, Yoshihiro. "The First Laptop Personal Computer using a Silent Liquid-cooling System." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2003 (2003): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2003.101.

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Khonsue, Osot. "Experimental on the liquid cooling system with thermoelectric for personal computer." Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 10 (2012): 1767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-012-1022-x.

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Hung Thang, Bui, Pham Van Trinh, Nguyen Van Chuc, Phan Hong Khoi, and Phan Ngoc Minh. "Heat Dissipation for Microprocessor Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Based Liquid." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/305957.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most valuable materials with high thermal conductivity (2000 W/m·Kcompared with thermal conductivity of Ag 419 W/m·K). This suggested an approach in applying the CNTs in thermal dissipation system for high power electronic devices, such as computer processor and high brightness light emitting diode (HB-LED). In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based liquid was made by COOH functionalized MWCNTs dispersed in distilled water with concentration in the range between 0.2 and 1.2 gram/liter. MWCNT based liquid was used in liquid cooling system to enhance thermal dissipation for computer processor. By using distilled water in liquid cooling system, CPU’s temperature decreases by about 10°C compared with using fan cooling system. By using MWCNT liquid with concentration of 1 gram/liter MWCNTs, the CPU’s temperature decreases by 7°C compared with using distilled water in cooling system. Theoretically, we also showed that the presence of MWCNTs reduced thermal resistance and increased the thermal conductivity of liquid cooling system. The results have confirmed the advantages of the MWCNTs for thermal dissipation systems for theμ-processor and other high power electronic devices.

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Sun, Zhen Bao. "Research on Computer System Dynamic Balance Technology for Cooling Fan of Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1298.

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The paper analyzes the rotor imbalance of cooling fan for the engine, and come to influence coefficient per unit quality. We can easy count the practice balancer cooling fan rotor. This method is very simple.

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Akaike, S., and K. Kikuyama. "Noise Reduction of Pressure Type Fans for Automobile Air Conditioners." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 2 (1993): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930333.

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Automotive air conditioners often employ a pusher-type condenser cooling system. Because the axial fan in such cooling systems is a major source of noise in the engine compartment, much effort has been directed to reducing the noise emitted by the fan. This paper clarifies the mechanism by which the fan of a pusher-type cooling system generates noise and presents ways to decrease the turbulent noise from it. Detailed studies of the flow around the fan were made using computer simulations and LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometer) measurements. A considerable reduction in the noise level of pusher-type cooling system has been achieved for different resistances without any deterioration in performance.

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Hwang, JiHyun, and Taewon Lee. "Outdoor Air-Cooling System for a Computer Room and Its Corresponding Energy-Saving Effect." Energies 13, no. 21 (2020): 5719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215719.

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The recent expansion of the internet network and rapid advancements in information and communication technology are expected to lead to a significant increase in power consumption and the number of data centers. However, these data centers consume a considerable amount of electric power all year round, regardless of working days or holidays; thus, energy saving at these facilities has become essential. A disproportionate level of power consumption is concentrated in computer rooms because air conditioners in these rooms are required to operate throughout the year to maintain a constant indoor environment for stable operation of computer equipment with high-heat release densities. Considerable energy-saving potential is expected in such computer rooms, which consume high levels of energy, if an outdoor air-cooling system and air conditioners are installed. These systems can reduce the indoor space temperature by introducing a relatively low outdoor air temperature. Therefore, we studied the energy-saving effect of introducing an outdoor air-cooling system in a computer room with a disorganized arrangement of servers and an inadequate air conditioning system in a research complex in Korea. The findings of this study confirmed that annual energy savings of up to approximately 40% can be achieved.

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Septiadi, Wayan Nata, Fazlur Rahman, Made Ricki Murti, et al. "Thermal Resistance of Cascade Heat Pipe as CPU Cooling System to Maintain Safe Temperature for Computer." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (2021): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.165173.

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Computer will overheat quickly if used in a state of full load continuously. One component on a computer that generates heat is the central processing unit (CPU) which is a key component on a computer where program instructions are processed. One of the right solutions to cool the CPU is the use of heat pipes as cooling system, using several size container, loaded with a special liquid liquid to deliver the heat from the evaporator zone to the other end called condenser zone, but because the heat pipe condenser output temperature is still high therefore a cascade heat pipe was created to lower the output temperature. In this study there are four CPU cooling systems used namely single condenser cascade heat pipe and a double condenser cascade heat pipe, while others two cooling systems as a comparison namely non-cascade heat pipe and non-cascade heat pipe with fan. This study aims to find out the cooling performance of cascade heat pipe as CPU cooling system in a small form factor desktop PC by testing variations in workload, the workload given is idle load (12W) where the processor only runs the operating system without the software load so the processor utilization is only 1% -10%. Next is the medium load (30W) that uses 2 threads with processor utilization of 50% -90%. The last workload is full load (35W) with the number of threads used being 4 with processor utilization of 90% -100%. This research found that the thermal resistance of the cascade heat pipe tended to be higher than that of the non-cascade heat pipe, however the increase that occurred was not too large compared to the resulting performance of 60.2°C in the processor and 40.4°C in the heat sink for the cascade double condenser, the operating temperature of the CPU does not increase significantly as the thermal resistance increases on the cascade heat pipe.

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KENNY, THOMAS W., KENNETH E. GOODSON, JUAN G. SANTIAGO, et al. "ADVANCED COOLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICROPROCESSORS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 16, no. 01 (2006): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156406003655.

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Recent trends in processor power for the next generation devices point clearly to significant increase in processor heat dissipation over the coming years. In the desktop system design space, the tendency has been to minimize system enclosure size while maximizing performance, which in turn leads to high power densities in future generation systems. The current thermal solutions used today consist of advanced heat sink designs and heat pipe designs with forced air cooling to cool high power processors. However, these techniques are already reaching their limits to handle high heat flux, and there is a strong need for development of more efficient cooling systems which are scalable to handle the high heat flux generated by the future products. To meet this challenge, there has been research in academia and in industry to explore alternative methods for extracting heat from high-density power sources in electronic systems. This talk will discuss the issues surrounding device cooling, from the transistor level to the system level, and describe system-level solutions being developed for desktop computer applications developed in our group at Stanford University.

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Alva, Luis H., and Jorge E. Gonza´lez. "Simulation of an Air-Cooled Solar-Assisted Absorption Air Conditioning System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 3 (2002): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1487885.

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This paper investigates the technical feasibility of using a compact, air-cooled, solar-assisted, absorption air conditioning system in Puerto Rico and similar regions. Computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the system’s performance when subjected to dynamic cooling loads. Within the computer model, heat and mass balances are conducted on each component of the system, including the solar collectors, thermal storage tank, the air-cooled condenser, and the air-cooled absorber. Guidance on component design and insight into the effects of such operating factors as ambient air temperature were gained from exercizing the simulation model. Comparisons are made with an absorption air conditioning system that uses a cooling tower instead of air-cooled components. The particular absorption system of study is one that uses lithium bromide and water as the absorbent and refrigerant, respectively. The heat input to the absorption system generator is provided by an array of flat plate collectors that are coupled to a thermal storage tank. Systems having nominal cooling capacities of 10.5, 14, and 17.5 kW were considered. Useful information about the number of collectors needed, storage tank volume, and efficiency of the overall system is presented.

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Yang, Yu Fei, Wei Xing Yuan, and Yi Bin Liao. "Development of a Miniature Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System for Computer CPU Cooling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.383.

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A miniature vapor-compression refrigeration system for cooling high power CPUs has been developed and tested. The refrigeration system is so small that it can be embedded into the computer case. The refrigerant used in the system is R-134a. The system consists of a miniature rotary DC compressor, a micro-channel condenser, a specially designed cold plate, a short tube restrictor, and related controlling electronics. The compressor is powered directly by the 12V DC power supply of the computer. The cold plate contacts the CPU surface directly and carries away the heat dissipation by conductivity. In a series of tests to cool an Intel Core i7-990X CPU that has 12 cores inside with the refrigeration system, the CPU core temperature can be kept at 23°C in default frequency 3.5GHz and 100% of workload. When the CPU is overclocked to 4.8GHz, the core temperature can be maintained at 59°C. Even when overclocked to 5.0GHz, the core temperature does not exceed 78°C. The test results validate the ability and potential of using vapor-compression refrigeration technology in high heat flux CPU cooling.

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Naphon, Paisarn, and Somchai Wongwises. "Experimental Study of Jet Nanofluids Impingement System for Cooling Computer Processing Unit." Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 01, no. 03 (2011): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jectc.2011.13005.

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Łuniewski, Sławomir. "Computer aided designer, simulation and testing of cooling system in electronic devices." Mechanik, no. 7 (July 2015): 562/479–562/486. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.7.263.

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Xu, Shanglong, Weijie Wang, Zongkun Guo, Xinglong Hu, and Wei Guo. "A multi-channel cooling system for multiple heat source." Thermal Science 20, no. 6 (2016): 1991–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140313123x.

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High-power electronic devices with multiple heating elements often require temperature uniformity and operating within their functional temperature range for optimal performance. A multi-channel cooling experiment apparatus is developed for studying heat removal inside an electronic device with multiple heat sources. It mainly consists of a computer-controlled pump, a multi-channel heat sink for multi-zone cooling and the apparatus for measuring the temperature and pressure drop. The experimental results show the system and the designed multi-channel heat sink structure can control temperature distribution of electronic device with multiple heat sources by altering coolant flow rate.

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Suljkanovic, Midhat, Milovan Jotanovic, Elvis Ahmetovic, and Nidret Ibric. "Multivariant simulator for vacuum cooling processes of three component electrolyte systems." Chemical Industry 64, no. 1 (2010): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind1001021s.

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In this paper, a computer aided analysis and synthesis of the crystallization processes from multicomponent electrolyte systems were studied. In addition, the vacuum crystallization processes with adiabatic cooling of the system are presented. The cooling process of a multicomponent electrolyte system can be considered as a process with the concentration of the system and/or the crystallization of the solid phase from the system. Requirements for multivariant options of the process simulator are the result of practical needs in the design of new processes or the improvement of exploitation processes. According to this, there are needs for a simulation of a simple flashing of the system as well as for the vacuum cooling crystallization processes with the cyclic structure. The possibilities of the created process simulator are illustrated on three component electrolyte systems. Application of the process simulator for any other electrolyte systems requires only an update of the thermodynamic model, and physico-chemical properties related to electrolyte system.

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Al-Smairan, Mohammad, Moayyad Shawaqfah, and Fares AlMomani. "Techno-Economic Investigation of an Integrated Boiler–Solar Water Heating/Cooling System: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010001.

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With the increase in oil prices, developing nations end up paying expensive electricity and heating bill. This leading study investigates the experimental development of a new energy-saving system by integrating a solar water heater and solar cooling absorption cycle with a conventional boiler for domestic hot water and heating purposes. The heating and cooling load calculations for space heating of the building were calculated using TRNSYS 14.1 computer software and the results were used in calculating the energy-saving value. A 65 flat plate solar collector-chiller system with a total surface area of 130 m2 was integrated with the boiler and used to supply heating and cooling for a three-story building (1500 m2) in Al Bayt University, Jordan. The integrated system helped to save energy, reduced the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, supplied hot water, and space heating/cooling requirements to the building year-round, and reduced the overall energy cost of heating and cooling by 55% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, the techno-economic analysis showed that the payback period of the combined system with a total cost of $18,650 is roughly 2.5-year. The solar water heating/cooling system has the potential to provide more than 50% of the house energy demand free of charge with a significant reduction in carbon footprint.

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Yan, Wei-Mon, Hsu-Yang Teng, Chun-Han Li, and Mohammad Ghalambaz. "Electromagnetic field analysis and cooling system design for high power switched reluctance motor." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 5 (2019): 1756–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-08-2018-0450.

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Purpose The electromagnetic field and cooling system of a high power switched reluctance motor (SRM) are studied numerically. The geometry of the motor and its main components are established using a computer-aided design software in the actual size. This study aims to evaluate the resulting thermal losses using the electromagnetic analysis of the motor. Design/methodology/approach In the electromagnetic analysis, the Joule’s loss in the copper wires of the coil windings and the iron losses (the eddy currents loss and the hysteresis loss) are considered. The flow and heat transfer model for the thermal analysis of the motor including the conduction in solid parts and convection in the fluid part is introduced. The magnetic losses are imported into the thermal analysis model in the form of internal heat generation in motor components. Several cooling system approaches were introduced, such as natural convection cooling, natural convection cooling with various types of fins over the motor casing, forced conviction air-cooled cooling system using a mounted fan, casing surface with and without heat sinks, liquid-cooled cooling system using the water in a channel shell and a hybrid air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling system. Findings The results of the electromagnetics analysis show that the low rotational speed of the motor induces higher currents in coil windings, which in turn, it causes higher copper losses in SRM coil windings. For higher rotational speed of SRM, the core loss is higher than the copper loss is in SRM due to the higher frequency. An air-cooled cooling system is used for cooling of SRM. The results reveal when the rotational speed is at 4,000 rpm, the coil loss would be at the maximum value. Therefore, the coil temperature is about 197.9°C, which is higher than the tolerated standard temperature insulation material. Hence, the air-cooled system cannot reduce the temperature to the safe temperature limitation of the motor and guarantee the safe operation of SRM. Thus, a hybrid system of both air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling system with mounting fins at the outer surface of the casing is proposed. The hybrid system with the liquid flow of Re = 1,500 provides a cooling power capable of safe operation of the motor at 117.2°C, which is adequate for standard insulation material grade E. Originality/value The electromagnetic field and cooling system of a high power SRM in the presence of a mounted fan at the rear of the motor are analyzed. The thermal analysis is performed for both of the air-cooled and liquid-cooled cooling systems to meet the cooling demands of the motor for the first time.

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Mansour, M. Khamis, M. N. Musa, M. N. W. Hassan, and H. Abdullah. "Theoretical and experimental simulation of roof-top bus multiple-circuit air-conditioning system performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 12 (2007): 1665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes601.

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Many air-conditioning (AC) systems are designed to operate at maximum cooling capacity regardless of the variation in the daily cooling load. At low loads, the conditions can be uncomfortably cold and the overcooling is an unnecessary waste of energy. To address these two issues, a multiple refrigeration circuit concept is proposed and applied to a roof-top bus AC system. A two-circuit model is proposed for a standard bus size in which each circuit has two evaporators of equal sizes arranged in parallel and installed on each passenger row, respectively. This means that each passenger row is served by two different evaporators sharing a common heat exchanger box. Depending on the cooling load, this concept allows one or both circuits (compressor motors) to be switched on and during either modes, it also allows one or more sets of evaporator blowers to be switched on. A steady-state computer model has been developed to simulate the performance of the proposed two-circuit AC system. A two-circuit air conditioner is also designed to form a roof-top bus AC system, fabricated, and installed on to an experimental rig. The experimental data are used to validate the computer model. The validation is on the system thermal performance and on the evaporator air outlet conditions (dry bulb temperature and relative humidity) at different modes of system operation, either at full or partial cooling loads. The simulated results gave satisfactory agreement with those obtained from the experimental work. Maximum absolute deviations are within the range of 19.3 per cent, although most of the simulated results are less than a 10 per cent range from the experimental ones, which validates the computer program. The paper describes the modelling work carried out and the results obtained are presented in comparison with the experimental data.

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Oh, Yool-Kwon, and Ho-Dong Yang. "A Study on Control of Heat Generation in Computer using Thermoelectric Cooling System." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 16, no. 1 (2015): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.1.43.

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CHEN Song, 陈. 松., 王淑云 WANG Shu-yun, 谢心怡 XIE Xin-yi, 张忠华 ZHANG Zhong-hua, 蒋永华 JIANG Yong-hua, and 程光明 CHENG Guang-ming. "Practical research on computer chip water cooling system with combined piezoelectric pump unit." Optics and Precision Engineering 26, no. 5 (2018): 1140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20182605.1140.

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TAKAJIKKO, Masaki, Yasuo SAKURAI, Takeshi NAKADA, and Kazuya EDAMURA. "Proposal of Immersion Cooling System for Personal Computer CPU by Electro-conjugate Fluid." Proceedings of the Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment : IIP 2017 (2017): B—01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeiip.2017.b-01.

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Lee, Dae Hee, Myeong Chan Jo, Jun Sik Lee, Yoon Seok Cha, and Dae Keun Lee. "Measurements of air temperature distribution and optimum cooling condition inside the computer system." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23, no. 2 (2009): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-1203-1.

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Wilson, L. G., M. D. Boyette, and E. A. Estes. "IMPACTS OF NORTH CAROLINA'S EXTENSION POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS AND PUBLICATIONS." HortScience 31, no. 5 (1996): 754d—754. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.754d.

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Extension postharvest quality maintenance programs in North Carolina were significantly enhanced by engineering inputs and Exxon violation escrow funds. Equipment and storage designs and recommendations have provided tangible results for North Carolina horticultural crops producers and shippers, including “Cool and Ship,” a portable, pallet-size forced-air cooling system, thermal storage immersion hydrocooling systems, and the horizontal air flow sweetpotato curing and storage system. Impacts include: 30% to 50% blueberry and strawberry loss reductions using forced-air cooling; and 20% to 30% sweetpotato packout rate increases when cured and stored with the new system. Useful materials include a video on cooling options, a computer decision aid for precooling, a storage poster, and more than two dozen publications on Maintaining the Quality of North Carolina Fresh Produce.

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Arendt, Ryszard, and Ryszard Michalski. "HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM OF WHEELED TRACTORS / HARDWER I SOFTWER SYSTEMU DIAGNOSTYCZNEGO CIĄGNIKÓW KOŁOWYCH." Journal of KONBiN 26, no. 1 (2013): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0090.

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Abstract The design and construction of a diagnostic device requires the development of a system for the acquisition and processing of measurement data, numerous cable connections and an on-board computer. The key component of a diagnostic system was the Fujitsu FUTRO S100 on-board computer in shock and vibration-proof housing, with passive cooling and a 16 GB Compact Flash memory card. The computer was provided with a NVOX LCD 10” VGA/FVAT touch screen. The following software was used: Windows XP-2000, USB/DeviceNet interface module and a diagnostic program. The computer was connected to the I-7565USB/DeviceNet master device via the USB port. The CAN bus connected the interface module with three slave devices collecting data from sensors installed in various locations of a wheeled tractor.

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Babchuk, S. M., Т. V. Humeniuk, and I. T. Romaniv. "MATHEMATICAL MODELS PRODUCTIVITY OF CLUSTER SYSTEM BASED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B+." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control 1, no. 1 (2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2021-1-5.

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Context. High-performance computing systems are needed to solve many scientific problems and to work with complex applied problems. Previously, real parallel data processing was supported only by supercomputers, which are very limited and difficult to access. Currently, one way to solve this problem is to build small, cheap clusters based on single-board computers Raspberry Pi. Objective. The goal of the work is the creation of a complex criterion for the efficiency of the cluster system, which could properly characterize the operation of such a system and find the dependences of the performance of the cluster system based on Raspberry Pi 3B+ on the number of boards in it with different cooling systems. Method. It is offered to apply in the analysis of small cluster computer systems the complex criterion of efficiency of work of cluster system which will consider the general productivity of cluster computer system, productivity of one computing element in cluster computer system, electricity consumption by cluster system, electricity consumption per one computing element, the cost of calculating 1 Gflops cluster computer system, the total cost of the cluster computer system. Results. The developed complex criterion of cluster system efficiency was used to create an experimental cluster system based on single-board computers Raspberry Pi 3B+. Mathematical models of the dependence of the performance of a small cluster system based on single-board computers Raspberry Pi 3B+ depending on the number of boards in it with different cooling systems have also been developed. Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the expediency of using the developed complex criterion of efficiency of the cluster system and allow to recommend it for use in practice when creating small cluster systems. Prospects for further research are to determine the weights of the constituent elements of the complex criterion of efficiency of the cluster system, as well as in the experimental study of the proposed weights.

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Ma, Jing, Yin Liu, and Ren-Bo Guan. "Numerical approach to a modularized data computer room using a fresh air-cooling system." Thermal Science 23, no. 4 (2019): 2421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1904421m.

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A fresh air-cooling plan is proposed to deal with high energy consumption in a data center and continuous improvement of temperature resistance performance in an IT equipment. The modularized data center, which is designed to adopt outdoor fresh air-cooling method for reducing temperature, can greatly reduce the energy consumption in data center. Numerical approach to study on the distribution of flow field, temperature field and velocity field is given using the CFD software. The results show that the flow field distribution is uniform, and the temperature distribution meets the requirements of the data center system. The numerical results can be used for optimization of the modularized computer room.

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Kieda, Shigekazu, Noriyuki Ashiwake, Takahiro Daikoku, and Shizuo Zushi. "Application of Stochastic Finite Element Method to Thermal Analysis for Computer Cooling." Journal of Electronic Packaging 115, no. 3 (1993): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909328.

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A stochastic finite element method is applied to thermal analysis of cooling in large-scale computers using a multi-fin flexible thermal contactor. The stochastic finite element method is a general technique to incorporate the effect of stochastic or statistical features of parameters into a finite element method by means of sensitivity analysis. Using this method, the temperature distribution of the chip is calculated, and also temperature variations associated with variations of thermal properties, heat generation rates, and uncertainties involved in real systems are estimated. Following presentation of the results obtained, the thermal performance of this system and applicability of the stochastic finite element method to computer cooling problems are discussed.

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Mittal, V., K. S. Kasana, and N. S. Thakur. "Modelling and simulation of a solar absorption cooling system for India." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 3 (2006): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i3a3290.

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This paper presents modelling and simulation of a solar absorption cooling system. In this paper, the modelling of a solar-powered, single stage, absorption cooling system, using a flat plate collector and water–lithium bromide solution, is done. A computer program has been developed for the absorption system to simulate various cycle configurations with the help of various weather data for the village Bahal, District Bhiwani, Haryana, India. The effects of hot water inlet temperatures on the coefficient of performance (COP) and the surface area of the absorption cooling component are studied. The hot water inlet temperature is found to affect the surface area of some of the system components. Moreover the effect of the reference temperature which is the minimum allowable hot water inlet temperature on the fraction of total load met by non-purchased energy (FNP) and coefficient of performance (COP) is studied and it is found that high reference temperature increases the system COP and decreases the surface area of system components but lower reference temperature gives better results for FNP than high reference temperatures.

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Władysiak, R. "Computer Control the Cooling Process in Permanent Mold Casting of Al-Si Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 3 (2013): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0114.

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Abstract The paper presents the test results of a computerized control system the sequential cooling process of permanent mold with use of water mist in the gravity die casting process. It describes the process for preparing high-quality casts made of AlSi7Mg alloy that achieves enhanced mechanical properties. A scheme of developed device and drivers for selected methods of sequence cooling for manufacturing of castings made in permanent steel mold was presented here. Also the microstructure and mechanical properties of received aluminium casts were described. It was shown that the use of a computer system to control the water mist cooling point of the mold not only accelerates the cooling of the cast and the gravity die casting cycle shortens, but also it has a positive effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of castings made of unmodified AlSi7Mg alloy in a raw state.

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Seo, Tae-Il, Byeong-Uk Song, and Jeong-Won Lee. "Design and fabrication of multi-cavity injection mold using hot runners and direct edge gates." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 15 (2014): 2790–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214522612.

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A hot runner system can provide many advantages to plastic injection mold engineers for improving product quality. In edge gate systems in particular, the gate traces can appear on the side of products rather than the top. However, it is difficult to establish hot runner systems using edge gates because of their structural differences from conventional gate systems. This article presents the entire process of preparing a 48-cavity plastic injection molding system with edge gates. This process consists of 48-cavity injection mold design, structural analysis, verification of design plans, filling analysis of multi-cavity, cooling channel design on the basis of cooling analysis, fabrication of the mold system, and test injection. All presented computer-aided engineering analyses were conducted using ANSYS and MoldFlow.

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Chen, Jian Ping, Xiao Kuan Shi, and Hai Jun Li. "Research on Cooling Tower Fan Energy Saving Control System Based on PLC and Inverter Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.537.

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In order to improve the effective utilization of the cooling tower fan industrial circulating water system, and to achieve the purpose of energy saving, the paper developed a closed loop cooling tower fan is jointly controlled by the PLC and inverter energy-saving control system. With the theoretical energy-saving fan characteristics analysis, PLC is used as a controller. Combined with inverter technology, remote real-time communication is carried out via RS485 bus with the host computer, and centralized monitoring to operating status of many sets of fans is realized. Production Practice has proved that under the premise of ensuring the water temperature standards, the inverter deceleration of the cooling tower fan makes significant energy savings effect.

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Beghi, Roberto, Simone V. Marai, Valentina Giovenzana, Enrico Ferrari, and Riccardo Guidetti. "Testing and design of a passive container for the optimisation of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cold chain." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 2 (2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.520.

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The aim of this work is to test a passive cooling system (PCS) on highbush blueberry (<em>Vaccinium corymbosum</em> L.) to verify cooling performances soon after harvest. Based on experimental results the cooling trend was modelled and a dedicated system was designed for the optimisation of blueberries cold chain. The evolution of qualitative characteristics of stored fruits was evaluated analysing the percentage of damaged berries, the weight loss, the texture, the titratable acidity and the total soluble solids content. The analysis of temperature profiles during transport using PCS shows how this device is not fast enough in tearing down the blueberries field heat. A computer simulation, using finite elements method modelling, considering the thermo-physical properties of materials used and the boundary conditions arising from experimental data collected was carried out. Computer modelling has provided the characteristics of geometry, thickness, type and density of the material to obtain the desired cooling performance.

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Tsoy, A. P., A. V. Baranenko, A. S. Granovskiy, D. A. Tsoy, D. A. Koretskiy, and R. A. Jamasheva. "Computer simulation of annual work cycle of combined refrigeration system using night radiative cooling." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Aviation-Rocket and Power Engineering 4, no. 3 (2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2588-0373-2020-4-3-28-37.

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HAYAMA, Hirofumi, Hideaki NAKAZATO, Manabu KISHITA, and Takashi KURABUCHI. "AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR COMPUTER ROOM WITH FORCED AIR COOLING EQUIPMENT." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 62, no. 494 (1997): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.62.29_1.

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