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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Contracts – European Union countries »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Contracts – European Union countries"

Williams, Colin C., and Aysegul Kayaoglu. "Evaluating the prevalence of employees without written terms of employment in the European Union." Employee Relations 39, no. 4 (2017): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-10-2016-0189.

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Purpose Until now, there has been scant evidence on the proportion and characteristics of employees working without a written contract or terms of employment. To begin to fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of employees without written contracts or terms of employment in the European Union (EU), examining whether they are unevenly distributed across countries and EU regions, and whether it is vulnerable population groups who are more likely to be without such written contracts. Design/methodology/approach A 2013 Eurobarometer survey comprisin

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Savchuk, Sergiy. "Special aspects of legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts of some European countries." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.54.

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The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts. Fixed-termemployment contracts should be considered as one of the earliest and, accordingly, the oldest forms of non-standard employment. Tur -ning to the concept of the application of fixed-term employment contracts in Ukraine in the near future, it seems appropriate to consider the possibility of their further development through the prism of studying European experience. Indeed, in many European countriesthe fixed-term contracts are quite common and therefore analysis of both po

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Plebankiewicz, Edyta. "Procedures for Awarding Work Contracts in Europe." Buildings 14, no. 4 (2024): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040883.

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Choosing a contractor with the best competencies is particularly important, especially in construction contracts. Using data available on the opentender.eu platform, information for 2022 was compiled regarding the size of the public procurement market and the procedures used in public procurement for construction works in European countries. The most common procedure used under the European Union Directive for awarding work contracts, in most countries, is the open procedure. The largest share of this procedure, amounting to over 95% of all proceedings, is in the countries Croatia, Cyprus, Gre

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Nemec, Peter, and Peter Džupka. "DETERMINANTS OF SME ACCESS TO PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES." Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business 2 (October 24, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/peb.v2.257.

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This article aims to investigate the factors influencing the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement in the Visegrad Group Countries. According to the European Union, tools such as the division of contracts into smaller lots or the evaluation of tenders based on the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) increase the chances of SME’s winning contracts in public procurement. In particular, the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than the lowest price is a tool favoring SMEs, as it boosts their innovative potential, which creates the preconditions

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Pytlak, Przemysław. "Kwalifikowanie umów zawieranych w obrocie na rynkach rolnych." Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny, no. 2 (1) (March 31, 2008): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ppe.15141.

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Streszczenie dostęne wyłącznie w języku angielskim: One of the most important instruments utilsed by the European Union to influence the trade on the agricultural commodity markets are regulations concerning contracts between producers and undertakings operating on the markets. The EU’s regulations define contracts organising particular agricultural markets (i.e. hops, tobacco, sugar, milk markets) through dermining demands whitch those contracts should fulfill without creating named contracts, incorporated to law systems of the member countries. The present study proposes how to qualify contr

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Baccaro, Lucio, Rüya Gökhan Koçer, Jorge Galindo, and Valeria Pulignano. "Determinants of Indefinite Contracts in Europe: The Role of Unemployment." Comparative Sociology 15, no. 6 (2016): 794–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341412.

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Using individual-level data from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey (ewcs), and country-level data on unemployment, employment protection legislation and union density for 21 European countries, this paper provides a comprehensive multi-level analysis of the determinants of indefinite employment contracts. The authors find that workers’ autonomy on the job, the intensity of computer use, and the presence of general and specific skills are associated with greater contract security. Perhaps more importantly, the authors find a strong negative effect of unemployment, particul

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Matsue, Toyoki. "Labour Market Institutions and Amplification of Employment Fluctuations." Central European Economic Journal 6, no. 53 (2020): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2019-0010.

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AbstractLabour market reforms have been undertaken to eliminate labour market rigidities in European countries since 1970s. The important features of the reforms are the reduction in adjustment costs and the introduction of fixed-term contracts (FTC). Some empirical studies point out that employment fluctuations have become more volatile after the reforms. This paper presents a model with FTC and analyzes the effects of the key features of the reforms. Numerical examples show that an expected productivity shock causes the oscillatory behaviour of employment. Moreover, a reduction in adjustment

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Zabzaliuk, D. E. "The place of the contract in the mechanism of regulation of economic legal relations: a comparativist dimension." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 1, 2025): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.01.2.

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The article examines the essence and content of the concept of an economic contract in national law and compares it with the law of Western European countries. The problems that prevent the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with the law of the European Union in the sphere of regulation of economic contracts are pointed out, and ways of solving them are proposed. Analyzed: the contract as a form of expression of will of subjects of economic relations; the main principles of contractual regulation, such as: freedom of contract, obligation to fulfill contractual obligations, mutual benefit o

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Lampreia dos Santos, M. J. P. L. "Segmenting farms in European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 2 (2013): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2012-agricecon.

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The main objective of this work is to characterize and segment the farms of the twenty-seven Member States of the European Union (EU). For this purpose, the techniques of cluster analysis and cluster of cases segment the farms, based on a sample of farms of the Farm Accountancy and Information Network. The results show the existence of four types of farms in the EU that are distinguishable by their (i) structural characteristics, in particular, for their Utilized Agricultural Area, the total output, by the percentage of contract work and the total work, (ii) by their financial characteristics,

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Korneva, P. M. "Conflicting regulation of relations in the field of medical tourism: the experience of the European Union." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 65 (October 25, 2021): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.65.66.

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The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the conflict regulation of relations in the field of medical tourism in the European Union. The author analyzes the concept of «medical tourism» and other terms used to denote the phenomenon of travel of persons to foreign countries to receive medical services («cross-border healthcare», «medical tourism», «medical travel»). The article analyzes the regulation of the EU-member states and supra-national regulation of private law aspects in the field of medical tourism. In particular, the peculiarities of receiving medical care by citiz

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Thèses sur le sujet "Contracts – European Union countries"

DORIS, Martin. "Dealing with divergence dispute avoidance and detrimental reliance in European contract law." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7080.

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Defence date: 28 May 2007<br>Examining board: Prof. Christian Joerges, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Jacques Ziller, European University Institute, Florence ; Prof. Horatia Muir Watt, Université Paris I ; Prof. Christoph Schmid, ZERP Bremen<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>no abstract available

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Adolfsson, Maja, and Anneli Lundmark. "FIXED-TERM CONTRACTS, TRADE UNION REPRESENTATION AND EMPLOYER-PAID TRAINING : A Comparative Multilevel Analysis Across 35 European Countries." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163117.

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This thesis examines the moderating role of trade union representation in addressing the gap in employer-provided training between permanent workers and workers with fixed-term contracts (FTCs) from a cross-country, comparative perspective. The impact of trade union representation is measured on two different levels: (1) access to trade union representation at the workplace at the individual-level (2) average trade union representation at the country-level, measured as trade union power. The statistical analyses are performed using data from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) a

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Xu, Mu Chi. "Flexibility versus certainty : a comparative study of choice of law rules regarding contractual liabilities in the European Union and Mainland China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2112293.

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Rasco, Clark Joseph. "Demographic trends in the European Union : political and strategic implicaitons /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FRasco.pdf.

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Li, Xin. "European identity, a case study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555548.

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Krasniuk, S. O. "Adult learning technologies in the European Union countries." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10707.

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Slapin, Jonathan B. "Institutional design in the European Union how governments negotiated the Treaty of Amsterdam /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459915981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tan, Zu Jia. "Analysis on the integration of EU consumer credit markets : a co-integration analysis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555572.

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Yucesan, Esin. "Stock Market Integration Between Turkey And European Union Countries." Thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605686/index.pdf.

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The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of two breakpoints on the relationships of Istanbul Stock Exchange with the European stock markets and on the relationships among these European stock markets to increase the economic integration. The breakpoints are the execution of the Customs Union Agreement of Turkey with the European Union in 1/1/1996 and the introduction of the Euro in 1/1/1999. While both breakpoints have effects on Turkey&rsquo<br>s economic relations, the European Union countries are expected to be influenced by only the introduction of the Euro. Stock market indice

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Nezhyvenko, Oksana. "Informal employment in Ukraine and European Union transition countries." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0047/document.

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L'emploi informel est devenu un sérieux défi pour l'économie ukrainienne et des pays en transition au cours de l'adaptation aux conditions du marché. La tendance du nombre de travailleurs qui participent au secteur informel est en hausse depuis les dernières années. Dans mes recherches, je vais présenter l'état actuel de l'emploi informel en Ukraine et les pays en transition. Une attention particulière est accordée à la répartition du travail entre les différentes catégories de population, en divisant les individus en cinq catégories (employés formels, employés informels, travailleurs indépend

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Livres sur le sujet "Contracts – European Union countries"

Ole, Lando, Beale H. G, and Commission on European Contract Law., eds. Principles of European contract law. Kluwer Law International, 2000.

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M, Barendrecht J., Clive Eric M, and Study Group on a European Civil Code., eds. Service contracts (PEL SC). Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. European Union Committee. European contract law - the way forward?: Report with evidence. Stationery Office, 2005.

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Clarke, Paul. Europe's money: A guide to the EU budget 1995 : an outline of EU funds and research programmes with special reference to those budget items offering potential aid, study, service or consultancy contracts from the European Union. Cartermill, 1995.

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Clarke, Paul. Europe's money: A guide to the EU budget 1994 : an outline of EU funds and research programmes with special reference to those budget items offering potential aid, study, service or consultancy contracts from the European Union. Longman Information and Reference, 1994.

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Nele, De Cuyper, Isaksson Kerstin 1952-, and Witte Hans de, eds. Employment contracts and well-being among European workers. Ashgate, 2005.

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Pasa, Barbara. The harmonization of civil and commercial law. Central European University Press, 2005.

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Fairgrieve, Duncan, and François Lichère. Public procurement law: Damages as an effective remedy. Hart Publishing, 2011.

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Koutrakos, Panos, and Christophe Hillion. Mixed Agreements Revisited: The EU and Its Member States in the World. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2010.

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(Editor), Gianmaria Ajani, and Martin Ebers (Editor), eds. Uniform Terminology for European Contract Law. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2005.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Contracts – European Union countries"

Burmester, Isabell. "EU and Russia Co-Optation: (Re-)shaping the Ideas and Beliefs in the Moldovan and Armenian Societies." In The European Union in International Affairs. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75488-3_5.

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Abstract This chapter explores the co-optation strategies employed by the EU and Russia in Moldova and Armenia, focusing on how these powers sought to shape the ideas and beliefs within these societies. Russia’s co-optation efforts leveraged its cultural advantage rooted in Soviet-era ties, promoting a common language, media, and religious connections. In contrast, the EU aimed to co-opt Moldovan and Armenian societies through the promotion of democratisation and liberal values, primarily targeting Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and cultural diversity initiatives. The chapter examines how

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Brooks, Rachel, Jessie Abrahams, Predrag Lažetić, Achala Gupta, and Sazana Jayadeva. "Access to and Experiences of Higher Education Across Europe: The Impact of Social Characteristics." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_14.

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Abstract Policymakers across Europe have increasingly emphasised the importance of paying close attention to the social dimension of higher education and taking further steps to ensure that the composition of Europe’s universities more adequately reflects the diversity of the wider population. While there have been a number of studies that have explored this through analyses of European- and national-level policy and others that have assessed a range of quantitative indicators related to student diversity, this chapter assumes, in contrast, an interpretivist stance; it is interested in the per

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Naef, Tobias. "The Restrictive Effect of the Legal Mechanisms for Data Transfers in the European Union." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19893-9_3.

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AbstractThe right to data protection in Article 8 CFR has an extraterritorial dimension, which requires continuous protection for personal data that is essentially equivalent to the protection guaranteed within the EU. This right to continuous protection of personal data is an unwritten constituent part of the right to data protection in Article 8 CFR. Primary Union law in Article 16(2) TFEU instructs the European Parliament and the Council to establish rules relating to the protection of individuals regarding the processing of their personal data. This mandate also extends to the extraterrito

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Ichim, Mihael Cristin. "The Citizens’ Awareness and Concerns During the Transition from Genetically Modified to Genome Edited Plants in Europe About Their Use in Agriculture and Food Production." In A Roadmap for Plant Genome Editing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46150-7_31.

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AbstractThe genome edited crops and foods are commercially cultivated and marketed already at global level, rapidly expanding towards new applications and plant species, and successfully complementing the genetically modified ones. In the European Union, the genome edited plants have to follow the two-decade-old regulatory framework for genetically modified organisms. The decrease of both, number of notifications for field trials, and hectarage and countries commercially cultivating genetically modified plants, registered in the last decade in the European Union, has been closely followed by l

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Eppler, Annegret. "European Union." In The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42088-8_12.

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Schneider, Friedrich. "Size of the Shadow Economies of 28 European Union Countries from 2003 to 2018." In European Union. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18103-1_6.

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Ayata, Zeynep. "European Union Contracts in Digital Environments." In E-Governance in the European Union. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56045-3_12.

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Panić, M. "Postscript: A Comparison of EC and Gold Standard Countries." In European Monetary Union. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13452-6_6.

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Agbo-Ejeh, Inebu C. "The European Union and ACP Countries." In Asymmetric Power Relations and International Trade Law. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032615059-4.

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Sissenich, Beate. "European Union Policies toward Accession Countries." In Public Opinion, Party Competition, and the European Union in Post-Communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11500-3_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Contracts – European Union countries"

Machnik-Slomka, Joanna, Elzbieta Pawlowska, and Ewa Stawiarska. "INNOVATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN COUNTRIES EUROPEAN UNION." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s04/29.

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Innovation and human development are key determinants of social and economic progress. The purpose of the article focused on identifying the relationship between innovation and human development in European Union (EU) countries. In order to achieve the goal, qualitative methods were used by analyzing statistical data, source documents on the European Innovation Scoreboard published annually and the Human Development Index (HDI). A theoretical-cognitive analysis was also conducted. The results of the comparative analysis show that innovation and human development are strongly linked in European

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Ubaydullayeva, Saodat. "Analysing Collaborative Efforts Between Central Asian Countries and the European Union." In The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012955000003882.

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Stawiarska, Ewa, Joanna Machnik-Slomka, and Elzbieta Pawlowska. "INNOVATION MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROMOBILITY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s04/30.

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The article describes the model of the innovation management system, which is to be implemented in a group of enterprises and organizations related to the development of electromobility (hab for electromobility). The author of the article identified a research gap in the bibliography (concerning the weak cooperation of various organizations for the development of electromobility). The research gap identified in the literature prompted the formulation of the research problem, i.e.: �Enterprises and organizations cooperate poorly for the development of electromobility innovations�. The following

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Šobot, Ankica. "Employment, Gender Equality and Family Policies: A Comparative Analysis of Post-Yugoslav Countries and the European Union." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.5.

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The gender perspective of economic activity implies the observation and explanation of differences between women and men. According to feminist literature, gender economic differences are a result of cultural norms that shape the asymmetrical division of gender roles in the private sphere. On the one hand, part-time employment is a form that has contributed to economic activity and women's employment, but on the other hand, it is more common among women and therefore contributes to the gender pay gap. Besides, the gender-specific nature of temporary contract employment shows that employment un

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Crigan, Tudor. "Interferences between labor relations in the health system of the Republic of Moldova and the European Union." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.14.

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Labor relations in the healthcare system of the Republic of Moldova and the European Union are influenced by several factors, including labor legislation, public policies, professional training of medical personnel, working conditions and salary levels. In the Republic of Moldova, the health system faces numerous challenges, such as lack of financial resources, poor infrastructure, shortage of qualified medical personnel and corruption. These problems have a negative impact on labor relations in the health system, causing a significant migration of medical personnel from the country.In contras

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Mitrović, Đorđe, and Biljana Pešalj. "The development of circular economy in Western Balkan countries." In 1st International Scientific Conference on Economy, Management and Information Technologies-ICEMIT 2023. Toplica Academy of Applied Studies, Department of Business Studies Blace, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/icemit23.065m.

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The circular economy implies that the primary source of economic growth is the maximum reuse of many materials obtained from products at the end of their life cycle and the minimum extraction of new resources. In contrast to it, the traditional linear economy follows a simple path “take - produce - dispose”, i.e., it is based on the constant extraction of new resources and the disposal of used products as waste without the possibility of their reuse as inputs in the production of the same or another product. In Western Balkans countries, this paper reviews the degree of progress made in develo

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Fotova Čiković, Katerina. "COVID-19 CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM’S RESPONSE IN SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CAS FRAMEWORK." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2021.75.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the world in 2020 and it has been recognized as the biggest stress test in the history of the European Union. The pandemic is inflicting high and rising human costs worldwide, and the necessary protection measures are severely impacting economic activity. As a result of the pandemic, the global economy had been projected to contract sharply by –3 percent in 2020, which is much worse than during the 2008– 09 Global financial crisis. In these difficult and challenging times, countries and societies need to adapt to the new situation while minimizing t

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Voinalovych, Oleksandr, Oleg Hnatiuk, Vasyl Khmelovskyi, and Mykhailo Motruch. "Improvement of occupational safety and health management system in Ukraine in view of relevant declared initiatives of European Union." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf021.

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The current problem of implementing European approaches to safety and health at work in Ukraine must take into account certain differences in the national occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation and the realities of its compliance at various enterprises. The purpose of this research is to characterize the main strategic directions of OSH activities in Ukraine on the basis of a comparative analysis of statistical indicators of occupational injuries in the EU countries and in Ukraine. A system-wide approach was applied, based on the methodology of statistical analysis of indicators of i

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King, Andrew, Stuart Burgess, Winnie Ijomah, and Chris McMahon. "Design for End-of-Life: Repair, Recondition, Remanufacture or Recycle?" In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57759.

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Between 1980 and 1997, municipal waste in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries increased by around 40%. The European Union has responded by introducing legislation on extended producer responsibility (EPR). This paper further explains the context of this new legislation and describes, compares and then contrasts the four alternative strategies to reducing end-of-life waste: namely repairing, reconditioning, remanufacturing or recycling. It also introduces a more robust definition of remanufacturing, validated by earlier research, which differentiates it from

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Tabac, Tatiana. "Modele și practici internaționale aplicate în managementul migrației." In Economic growth in the face of global challenges. Consolidation of national economies and reduction of social inequalities: International Scientific-Practical Conference, XVIIIth edition. National Institute for Economic Research, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36004/nier.cdr.18.2024.25.

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This paper examines international and European models and practices applied in migration management. The findings demonstrate that in France, the assimilation model, based on the principle of jus soli, promotes cultural homogeneity and national identity while addressing significant demographic issues. Germany applies a segregation model grounded in the principle of jus sanguinis, which emphasizes ethnic criteria. In contrast, the United Kingdom promotes a pluralistic approach to migration management, encouraging the harmonious coexistence of different cultural and ethnic groups within a divers

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Contracts – European Union countries"

Machinea, José Luis. The Impact of Western Hemisphere Free Trade Agreements on the Foreign Sector and Debt Sustainability. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011460.

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This document is part of a series of papers commissioned by the Inter-American Development Bank for the Regional Policy Dialogue. The paper basically discusses the macroeconomic impacts of trade agreements between Latin American countries and the United States, whether they be bilateral or a result of the creation of a Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). Taking into account that the greater impact of a trade agreement in the Western Hemisphere is linked to the participation of the United States, it is especially useful to analyze the experience of agreements which include countries th

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Morsy, Ahmed. Towards a renewed local social and political covenant in Libya, Syria and Yemen. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ofgn2229.

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This SIPRI Insights Paper examines the domestic and external factors at play in Libya, Syria and Yemen and their impact on negotiating post-war peaceful settlements and shaping prospective social contracts.The paper’s argument is two-fold. Firstly, policymaking must move beyond a static approach to understanding these conflicts. Despite apparent stalemates, the three countries should be approached as ever-evolving simmering conflicts. Secondly, policymakers have to move below the national level in order to achieve various forms of localized social peace. Given the nature of these conflicts and

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Jaccoud, Florencia. Robots & AI Exposure and Wage Inequality: A Within Occupation Approach. UNU-MERIT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53330/eajl3597.

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This paper examines the linkages between occupational exposure to recent automation technologies and inequality across 19 European countries. Using data from the European Union Structure of Earnings Survey (EU-SES), a fixed-effects model is employed to assess the association between occupational exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and to industrial robots - two distinct forms of automation -and within occupation wage inequality. The analysis reveals that occupations with higher exposure to robots tend to have lower wage inequality, particularly among workers in the lower half of the wage

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Sergeeva, Zlata. The Ban on Long-Term Natural Gas Contracts for the European Union: A Double-Edged Sword? King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-dp15.

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Long-term natural gas contracts are necessary market instruments that provide supply security for customers and demand security for producers. Nevertheless, the European Commission recently announced a plan to ban long-term contracts for unabated fossil gas after 2049. This study shows that this plan may destabilize the market due to the lack of supply security for customers and demand security for producers. We find the following main results.

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Tomás, Inês, and Ricardo Barradas. Household indebtedness in the European Union countries: Going beyond the mainstream interpretation. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.03.

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Sabatino, Ester, Gustavo Müller, and Gustavo Ramírez Buchheister. The EU’s Approach to Nexus Issues in Conflict Prevention, Mediation and Resolution: Climate, Development and Gender. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.56269/202310es.

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This working paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the European Union's (EU) approach to nexus issues in conflict prevention, mediation, and resolution. In the realm of gender and conflict, it emphasises the EU's commitment to mainstreaming gender in its peacebuilding efforts in Guatemala. The EU aims to tackle gender-based violence and enhance women's political and economic participation. Despite its clear objectives, there is a level of ambiguity regarding the alignment of these actions with transformative gender principles, particularly regarding indigenous and rural communities in Latin A

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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, comp

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Domínguez, Roberto. Perceptions of the European Union in Latin America. Fundación Carolina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt76en.

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This working paper examines the puzzle of the gaps between the images that the EU projects, voluntarily and involuntarily, and the perceptions of the EU in Latin America. After reviewing some of the debates related to the role of perceptions in public policy and EU Public Diplomacy (EUPD), the paper analyzes some critical developments in global perceptions of the EU based on the study Update of the 2015 Analysis of the Perception of the EU and EU Policies Abroad (2021 Update Study), which assessed the attitudes of the EU in 13 countries. The third section examines some studies on the attitudes

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Carbo-Valverde, Santiago, Edward Kane, and Francisco Rodriguez-Fernandez. Evidence of Differences in the Effectiveness of Safety-Net Management in European Union Countries. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13782.

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Park, Cyn-Young, Yuya Yamamoto, and Maria Anne Lorraine Doong. European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Economic Impact and Implications for Asia. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230561-2.

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This brief assesses the impact of the European Union’s carbon tariffs on energy-intensive exports from Asia and the Pacific and shows how upgrading product value, boosting energy efficiency, and cutting emissions can help mitigate its effect. It explains how the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is designed to prevent carbon leakage–where industries shift to countries with less stringent environmental rules. Providing a regional breakdown, the brief shows how sectors including Indian steel and Georgian fertilizer are among those hit. It outlines how steps such as developing and integra

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