Thèses sur le sujet « Corium »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 50 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Corium ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
Quaini, Andrea. « Étude thermodynamique du corium en cuve - Application à l'interaction corium/béton ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI061/document.
Texte intégralDuring a severe accident in a pressurised water reactor, the nuclear fuel can interact with the Zircaloy cladding, the neutronic absorber and the surrounding metallic structure forming a partially or completely molten mixture. The molten core can then interact with the reactor steel vessel forming a mixture called in-vessel corium. In the worst case, this mixture can pierce the vessel and pour onto the concrete underneath the reactor, leading the formation of the ex-vessel corium. Furthermore, depending on the considered scenario, the corium can be formed by a liquid phase or by two liquids, one metallic the other oxide. The objective of this thesis is the investigation of the thermodynamics of the prototypic in-vessel corium U-Pu-Zr-Fe-O. The approach used during the thesis is based on the CALPHAD method, which allows to obtain a thermodynamic model for this complex system starting from phase diagram and thermodynamic data. Heat treatments performed on the O-U-Zr system allowed to measure two tie-lines in the miscibility gap in the liquid phase at 2567 K. Furthermore, the liquidus temperatures of three Zr-enriched samples have been obtained by laser heating in collaboration with ITU. With the same laser heating technique, solidus temperatures have been obtained on the UO2-PuO2-ZrO2 system. The influence of the reducing or oxidising on the melting behaviour of this system has been studied for the first time. The results show that the oxygen stoichiometry of these oxides strongly depends on the oxygen potential and on the metal composition of the samples. The miscibility gap in the liquid phase of the U-Zr-Fe-O system has been also observed. The whole set of experimental results with the literature data allowed to develop the thermodynamic model of the U-Pu-Zr-Fe-O system. Solidification path calculations have been performed for all the investigated samples to interpret the microstructures of the solidified samples. A good accordance has been obtained between calculation and experimental results. Heat treatments on two ex-vessel corium samples showed the influence of the concrete composition on the nature of the liquid phases formed at high temperature. The observed microstructures have been interpreted by means of calculation performed with the TAF-ID database. In parallel, a novel experimental setup named ATTILHA based on aerodynamic levitation and laser heating has been conceived and developed to obtain high temperature phase diagram data. This setup has been validated on well-known oxide systems. Furthermore, this technique allowed to observe in-situ, by using an infrared camera, the formation of a miscibility gap in the liquid phase of the O-Fe-Zr system by oxidation of a Fe-Zr sample. The next step of the development will be the nuclearization of the apparatus to investigate U-containing samples. The implementation of a very fast visible camera (5000 Hz) to investigate the thermo-physical properties of in-vessel and ex-vessel corium mixtures is also underway. The synergy between the development of experimental and calculation tools will allow to improve the thermodynamic description of the corium and the severe accident code using thermodynamic input data
Zabiégo, Magali. « Rayonnement d'un bain de corium dans un milieu chargé en aérosols issus de l'interaction corium/béton ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11002.
Texte intégralPlevacova, Kamila. « Etude des matériaux sacrificiels absorbants et diluants pour le contrôle de la réactivité dans le cas d'un accident hypothétique de fusion du coeur de réacteurs de quatrième génération ». Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592463.
Texte intégralSanchez-Brusset, Mathieu. « Mécanismes d'oxydation de l'acier liquide lors de l'Interaction Corium-Béton à haute température en cas d'accident grave de réacteur nucléaire ». Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0015/document.
Texte intégralIn case of severe nuclear accident, the loss of coolant leads to the formation of a high temperature liquid mixture (T>2500K) of nuclear fuel and structural materials inside the vessel. After the vessel failure, the corium could interact with the concrete of the reactor pit. The metallic phase inside the corium during corium-concrete interaction, changes the ablation processes and release H2 and CO. The aim of the PhD thesis was to study the kinetics and mechanisms of the liquid steel oxidation during corium-concrete interaction. In this way, the study was divided in three parts: with calculations at the thermodynamic equilibrium, with analytical experiments and with prototypical experiments. The results of oxidation analyses during prototypical experiments show that gases inside the concrete are not the only one source of oxidation and that another source outside the concrete have to participate to the oxidation mechanism. The analytical experiments and the thermodynamic approach show that the corium can oxidize the metallic phase whereas the concrete oxides cannot. The oxidation mechanism of liquid steel is based on high chromium and iron oxidation leading to their depletion. Oxidation of nickel does not occur, it would be mainly evaporated according to the thermodynamic calculations. Thanks to the kinetic study, the rates of the liquid steel oxidation by O2 et CO2 have been found and a phenomenological model have been proposed to estimate the steel oxidation during the prototypical experiments
Villarreal, Larrauri Alejandro. « Analysis and modeling of ex-vessel underwater cooling processes of debris bed and molten corium pool in interaction with concrete ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0022.
Texte intégralIn the case of a hypothetical nuclear severe accident with partial or extensive core meltdown, the superheated magma made of molten steel and fuel, called corium (T > 2500K), may threaten the integrity of the reactor pressure vessel and subsequently the reactor containment building, if long-term corium coolability is not assured. The coolability by water injection and successive water penetration into the corium through the upper surface is analyzed for two expected configurations: particle bed, and corium pool overlaying the concrete. The second configuration is linked to the situation of Molten Corium-Concrete Interaction (MCCI), where a crust is formed in the upper corium surface when it comes into contact with water and is later subjected to thermal stresses that lead to its fracturing. The challenge is to characterize the effectiveness of extracting heat by the possible water penetration into the crust. The first configuration can be expected in two different situations: melt fragmentation coming from the rupture of the reactor pressure vessel and expulsion of the corium, or during melt eruption episodes through the corium crust during MCCI via corium entrainment by the concrete decomposition gases. The phenomena linked to the water penetration into the corium for these two configurations are examined through an in-depth analysis of the available experimental results, by the development of an analytical model and finally through the modification and use of the Computational Multi-Fluid Dynamics (CMFD) code MC3D. One dimensional analysis conducts to a better understanding of the minutia of the two-phase countercurrent flow through the porous media and leads the proposal of a simplified heat flux model for the water penetration with corresponding relations applicable for both configurations of interest. Furthermore, the development and the impact of penetrating front instability are studied with the help of 2D MC3D simulations, which show important effects of the initial temperature and the permeability of the corium configuration on the penetration front velocity and appearance of the instabilities. The analytical model is extended to a pseudo-two-dimensional two-zone configuration (with one zone subjected to a two-phase countercurrent flow and another through which monophasic superheated vapor flows) to analyze in greater detail the impact of the penetrating front heterogeneity over the extracted heat flux. The mechanism of water penetration through a fractured crust is revisited. The analysis indicates strong border effects in the SSWICS tests (Argonne National Laboratories) dedicated to the study of this phenomenon. The conclusions of precedent studies on the efficiency of the phenomena could not, therefore, be confirmed due to important uncertainties over the process of fracturing, overly sensitive to the mechanical properties of corium, which in turn are not properly characterized. Finally, the models, and simulations, are applied to real accidental scenarios, including the presence of residual power. For the debris bed, the extracted heat flux, and the cooling capabilities are less than those found using the simplified dry-out heat flux criteria
Mastori, Helena. « Mécanismes de dégradation des bétons lors de l'interaction corium-béton ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0069.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the characterization of siliceous (S) and limestone-siliceous (SC) concretes when exposed to high temperatures. The understanding of the degradation of their properties, in advance of the melt front, is the hypothesis that motivates this work since it could bring new avenues to interpret the results of these experiments. Samples that have never been in contact with molten metals/oxides were first studied. Thermo-gravimetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry and complex impedancemetry were used to describe their properties after they were subjected to temperatures up to 1000°C. Thermo-gravimetric analyses allowed the identification of temperature domains in which specific degradation mechanisms are activated. Those of porosimetry showed that porous volumes and typical pore sizes increase significantly with the temperature. It is also demonstrated that at 1000°C, the exchange surface of SC concretes is twice as large as that of Sconcretes. Finally, the high tortuosity obtained by impedancemetry suggests a topology of porous networks of great complexity. In a second part of this thesis, the studied concrete samples were previously in contact with molten metals and/or oxides. They were analysed by X-ray tomography or scanning electron microscopy. No phenomenon of impregnation of the metal/oxide phases could be observed. Signatures of possible phenomena of percolation of these phases by decarbonation mechanisms have however been demonstrated
Le, Roy de Bonneville Florian. « Modélisation numérique de l'agitation et du mélange dans les écoulements à bulles. Application aux phénomènes de convection dans un bain de corium ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0088.
Texte intégralBubbly flows belong to the family of multiphase flows in which particles, whether solid, liquidor gaseous, are dispersed in a carrier fluid. This type of flow is very common and can be found inmany industrial processes (bubble columns, extraction columns, fluidized beds, decanters) and natural processes (breaking waves, volcanic plumes). In particular, the presence of bubbles plays a major role in nuclear core meltdown accidents by influencing the dynamics of the corium bath.This presence in a wide variety of fields has led to the significant development of experimental and numerical methods to study this type of flow. In this study, we are interested in the flow induced by the rise of a swarm of millimetre-sizedbubbles (with a Reynolds number of several hundred) in a liquid. In this situation, interactions between the wakes play a major role leading to turbulent agitation with original characteristics. One of the most striking is the existence of a singular spectral regime where the energy of the fluctuations in the liquid velocity evolves in power -3 of the wave number. Fundamentally, we are in-terested in understanding the interscale turbulent transfer mechanisms in order to model mixing and transfer processes in applications. For this purpose we propose to simulate the flow by coupling an Eulerian description of the carrier phase to a Lagrangian method for the bubbles. In our numerical approach, the action of each bubble on the liquid is modelled by a volume source of momentum distributed over a few mesh elements. The smallest scales of the flow (i.e. scales much smaller than the bubble diameter) are not finely resolved. This choice to focus on the large scales of the flow allows us to simulate large volume fractions with a large number of bubbles with reasonable computing resources. To calculate the trajectory of the bubbles, we use the hydrodynamic forces that the liquid exerts on each of them. This requires us to determine the perturbation that a bubble creates in its vicinity in order to cancel the force that the bubble artificially exerts on itself. We have developed a model to determine this perturbation allowing us to accurately calculate the drag and added-mass forces. Using this method, we simulated the agitation induced by the rise of a homogeneous swarm of bubbles and obtained results in good agreement with the experiment. Once validated, these simulations allow us to study the budget between production, dissipation and inter-scale transfer in the spectral domain to analyze the mechanisms of bubble-induced turbulence. For risk prevention purposes, the numerical model is then applied to the simulation of a corium bath produced during a core meltdown accident in a nuclear power plant. The dynamics of concrete ablation is directly related to the distribution of heat fluxes to the walls, which mainly involve turbulent convection phenomena of thermal origin and those induced by bubbles
Amižić, Milan. « Interaction corium-béton : étude du transfert de chaleur en écoulement diphasique ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI002.
Texte intégralIn the context of severe accident research for the second and the third generation of nuclear power plants, there are still open issues concerning some aspects of the concrete cavity ablation during the molten corium - concrete interaction (MCCI). The determination of heat transfer along the interfacial region between the molten corium pool and the ablating basemat concrete is crucial for the assessment of concrete ablation progression and eventually the basemat meltthrough. For the purpose of experimental investigation of thermalhydraulics inside a liquid pool agitated by gas bubbles, the CLARA project has been launched. The CLARA experiments are performed using simulant materials and they reveal the influence of superficial gas velocity, liquid viscosity and pool geometry on the heat transfer coefficient between the internally heated liquid pool and vertical and horizontal pool walls maintained at uniform temperature. The first test campaign has been conducted with the small pool configuration (50 cm × 25 cm × 25 cm). The tests have been performed with liquids covering a wide range of dynamic viscosity from approximately 1 mPa s to 10000 mPa s and the superficial gas velocity is varied up to 8 cm/s. This thesis comprises a brief description of MCCI phenomenology, literature reviews on the existing heat transfer correlations for twophase flow and the void fraction, a description of CLARA setup, experimental results and their interpretation. The experimental results are compared with existing models and some new models for the assessment of heat transfer coefficient in two-phase flow
U kontekstu istraživanja teških nesre´ca u nuklearnim elektranamadruge i tre´ce generacije, neka pitanja vezana za ablaciju temelja kontejnmentatijekom interakcije rastaljenog korijuma i betona i dalje ostajuotvorena. Odred¯ivanje prijenosa topline u površinskom podrucˇjuizmed¯u bazena rastaljenog korijuma i betona kljucˇno je za odred¯ivanjenapredovanja ablacije i u konaˇcnici procjene vremena rastapanjatemelja kontejnmenta. U svrhu eksperimentalnog istraživanja prijenosatopline u tek´cinama miješanima ubrizgavanjem zraka, pokrenutje projekt nazvan CLARA.CLARA eksperimenti izvode se koriste´ci imitacijske materijale i otkrivajuutjecaj fiktivne brzine plina, viskoznosti teku´cine i geometrijebazena na koeficijent prijenosa topline izmed¯u grijanog bazena te njegovihvetrikalnih i horizontalnih stijenki ˇcija se temperatura održavana konstantnoj temperaturi. Prva serija eksperimenata provedena je sbazenom male konfiguracije (50 cm × 25 cm × 25 cm). Eksperimentisu izvedeni s teku´cinama dinamiˇcke viskoznosti od približno 1 mPas do 10000 mPa s, dok je maksimalna fiktivna brzina plina 8 cm/s.Ova disertacija sadrži kratak opis fenomenologije procesa interakcijerastaljenog korijuma i betona, pregled postoje´cih korelacija zaviprijenos topline u dvofaznom toku i korelacija za poroznost, opisCLARA eksperimentalne postave, rezultate eksperimenta i njihovuinterpretaciju. Rezultati eksperimenta su uspored¯eni s predvid¯anjimaprema postojec´im modelima. Predloženi su takod¯er i neke nove korelacijeza odred¯ivanje koeficijenta prijenosa topline u dvofaznom toku
BATTAIL, CLARET SYLVIE. « Accident severe dans les reacteurs a eau pressurisee : interaction corium-eau ». Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112263.
Texte intégralNamiech, Julien. « Fragmentation d'un jet de corium lors de sa chute dans l'eau ». Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0043.
Texte intégralRamacciotti, Muriel. « Etude du comportement rhéologique de mélanges issus de l'interaction corium/béton ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11041.
Texte intégralPlevacova, Kamila. « Etude des matériaux sacrificiels absorbants et diluants pour le contrôle de la réactivité dans le cas d'un accidnet hypothètique de fusion du coeur de réacteurs de quatrième génération ». Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620472.
Texte intégralO'Leary, David. « Differences in strength between the grain and corium layers of bovine leather ». Thesis, University of Northampton, 1996. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2661/.
Texte intégralJourneau, Christophe. « L'étalement du corium : hydrodynamique, rhéologie et solidification d'unbain d'oxydes à haute température ». Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2006.
Texte intégralSchmidt, Werner. « Influence of multidimensionality and interfacial friction on the coolability of fragmented corium ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11612016.
Texte intégralSingh, Shifali. « Radioscopie X pour les interactions corium-sodium lors d'un scénario d'accident grave ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS114.
Texte intégralIn Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR), hypothetical failure of the core cooling system or the plant protection system may lead to a severe accident scenario. In such a scenario, core materials (fuel and cladding) melt down generating a hot molten mixture called corium. This corium may interact with the coolant (liquid sodium) leading to Fuel Coolant Interaction (FCI) which can generate energetic events and hence jeopardize the reactor structures. The yield of these energetic events strongly depends on the state of the corium-sodium mixture prior to the energetic event. Therefore, the knowledge of the features of the mixture composed of three-phases (i.e., corium, liquid sodium, and sodium vapor) is crucial. The lack of knowledge on the phenomenology of the interaction emphasizes the need to study it with the help of experiments. PLINIUS-2, the future large-mass experimental platform of CEA Cadarache, will be dedicated to experiments aiming at understanding the interaction phenomenology of prototypic corium with coolant (sodium and water). The present research aims to develop a high-energy X-Ray imaging system for this facility, to visualize and better understand the corium-sodium interaction. An image-processing algorithm to analyze the three-phase repartition is also developed to contribute to the improvement of numerical modeling. This Ph.D. research has been executed in three steps. In the first step, a bibliographic study of the past experiments was carried out to better understand the physics of the interaction and the mechanism of fragmentation during corium-sodium interaction. This bibliographic study, along with a statistical analysis of the particle size distribution data of various experiments conducted in the past, revealed that the particles formed in these tests are extremely fine fragments with characteristic diameters smaller than 1 mm. Due to the small particle size and the detection limitations of corium fragments in sodium with our X-Ray system, clouds of particles were detected instead of individual particles. In the second phase, the simulation of clouds of corium particles followed by the designing of phantoms (3D mock-ups) representing the 3-phase medium was carried out. Simulations of clouds of corium fragments in liquid sodium and vapor were performed using the CEA Cadarache in-house tool MODHERATO. Based on the results obtained from the simulations, certain phantoms were designed to conduct some physical experiments. These phantoms representative of the FCI interaction zone were manufactured to experimentally evaluate the performance of the radioscopy system and to facilitate the development and calibration of the image processing software. The third step of this work was dedicated to performing experiments with the phantoms and analyzing the radiographic images by developing an image processing algorithm. Experiments were carried out with phantoms in several configurations with the X-Ray radiography system at the CEA Cadarache KROTOS facility. The radioscopic images obtained were treated by developing a new comprehensive image processing and analysis code called PICSEL to identify the three phases composing the medium. Further verification and validation of the PICSEL software were carried out on a test conducted between corium and water at the KROTOS facility under the Euro-Chinese project “ALISA”. Thus, in this Ph.D. research, an X-Ray imaging system was qualified to visualize the corium-sodium interaction in the future PLINIUS-2-FR facility. A qualitative analysis of the images produced by this system was also performed using the PICSEL software to better characterize the evolution of the three-phase mixture and understand the FCI phenomenon, knowledge of which is deemed essential to improve the safety and designs of future sodium-cooled fast reactors
Hadj, Achour Miloud. « Fragmentation de métal liquide dans l'eau ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0215/document.
Texte intégralThe phenomenon of dispersion/fragmentation of corium remains one of the most complex and uncertain elements of nuclear accident modeling. In order to validate the sub-mesh models implemented in the MC3D software (developed by IRSN), an experiment without vapor explosion has been conceived. It consists of a low-melting liquid metal jet (Field metal) interacting with a stagnant water in a large tank. This thesis is divided into two parts ; the first one is related to the study of the so-called secondary fragmentation of an isolated drop of Field’s metal, for low Weber number. To this end, we designed an experimental device, GaLaD (drop-on-demand droplet generator). In this part, a literature review on liquid-liquid fragmentation is conducted with a quantitative comparison of the secondary fragmentation for a single drop in the liquid-liquid and the gas-liquid cases. The second part concerns the study of a jet of Field’s metal. For this purpose, GaLaD was modified, so as to be able to generate small jet of liquid metal in water. The obtained results allowed a better understanding of the physical phenomena involved in two-phase turbulent jet fragmentation. In the framework of this thesis, an additional experimental device designated by JaLaD is developed. Subsequently, this device will be dedicated to the study of metal jet in water and must allow us to reinterpret the data of classical experiments via new innovative measurement techniques
Zuchuat, Olivier. « Transport de particules en milieu stochastique : application au calcul de réactivité d'un Corium / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1382.
Texte intégralHälg, Nicole. « Mikroskopischer Bau von Epidermis und Corium an definierten Stellen des Hornes vom Rind / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000292608.
Texte intégralJourneau, Christophe. « L'étalement du Corium : Hydrodynamique, Rhéologie et Solidification d'un Bain d'Oxydes à Haute Température ». Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343671.
Texte intégralSehgal, Bal Raj, Eberhard Altstadt, Hans-Georg Willschuetz et Frank-Peter Weiss. « Modelling of in-vessel retention after relocation of corium into the lower plenum ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28586.
Texte intégralSehgal, Bal Raj, Eberhard Altstadt, Hans-Georg Willschuetz et Frank-Peter Weiss. « Modelling of in-vessel retention after relocation of corium into the lower plenum ». Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2005. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21686.
Texte intégralDenier, Caroline. « Détermination et modélisation de propriétés thermophysiques du corium pour des applications accidents graves ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2023ORLE1073_va.pdf.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the determination and modelling thermophysical properties (density, viscosity and surface tension) of corium mix U-Zr-Fe-O representative of severe accident conditions inside the nuclear reactor vessel, at temperatures above 2000 °C. For such needs, two complementary experimental devices are used: aerodynamic levitation (at CEMHTI, CNRS Orléans) and maximum bubble pressure (at CEA Cadarache). Original measurement of those thermophysical properties are obtained on several in-vessel corium compositions (U-Zr-O) with various degree of zirconium oxidation, and separately on its components (Fe and Zr-O system). The uncertainties, both on measurement of the properties themselves and on temperature are assessed. Following the tests, sample compositions are analysed by SEM-EDS, thereby increasing the reliability of the measured data. In addition, a thermodynamic approach to surface tension modelling has been initiated and its feasibility demonstrated
Zhong, Huaqiang. « A Study on the Coolability of Ex-vessel Corium by Late Top Water Flooding ». Thesis, KTH, Kärnkraftsäkerhet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37426.
Texte intégralCardon, Clément. « Modélisation de la diffusion multi-composants dans un bain de corium diphasique oxyde-métal par une méthode d'interface diffuse ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX096/document.
Texte intégralThis Ph.D. topic is focused on the modelling of stratification kinetics for an oxide-metal corium pool (U-O-Zr-steel system) in terms of multicomponent and multiphase diffusion. This work is part of a larger research effort for the development of a detailed corium pool modelling based on a CFD approach (“Computational Fluid Dynamics”) for thermal-hydraulics. The overall goal is to improve the understanding of the involved phenomena and obtain closure laws for integral macroscopic models.The phase-field method coupled with an energy functional using the CALPHAD method appears to be relevant for this purpose.In a first part, this works has been focused on the U-O binary system. We have developed a diffuse interface model (based on a Cahn-Hilliard equation) in order to describe the diffusion process in this system. This model has been coupled with a CALPHAD thermodynamic database and its parameterization has been developed with, in particular, an upscaling procedure related to the interface thickness.Then, within the framework of a modelling for the U-O-Zr ternary system, we have proposed a generalization of the diffuse interface model through an assumption of local equilibrium for redox mechanisms. A particular attention was paid to the model analysis by 1D numerical simulations with a special focus on the steady state composition profiles.Finally we have applied this model to the U-O-Zr-Fe system. For that purpose, we have considered a configuration close to small-scale experimental tests dedicated to the study of oxide-metal corium pool stratification
Marchetti, Mara. « Elastic properties characterization of nuclear fuels under extreme conditions ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS053/document.
Texte intégralThe focus of the present thesis is the determination of the elastic properties of nuclear fuel using high frequency acoustic microscopy. The nuclear fuel is considered under three different conditions: during its normal life in reactor, after its discharge and disposal in interim or long-term storage and subsequently to its severe degradation caused by a nuclear accident. Measurements performed on irradiated fuels allowed to validate a law between the density of fresh and irradiated fuel and the Rayleigh wave velocity; the determination of the irradiated fuel porosity and matrix swelling in the broad burnup range 0-100 GWdt-1M; the development of an empirical model capable of predicting the evolution of Young's modulus versus burnup correcting also for the additives content (Gd2O3, CeO2); Young's modulus evolution due to alpha-decay damage as in-storage condition; first corium measurements. Moreover, several UO2 thermal parameters were calculated only by means of the Rayleigh wave velocity thanks to the link between thermal and elastic properties
Willschütz, H. G., E. Altstadt et M. Abendroth. « Thermo-mechanische Finite-Elemente-Modellierung zur Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB nach Verlagerung von Corium in das untere Plenum Thermo-mechanical finite element modelling of in-vessel melt retention after corium relocation into the lower plenum ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-27910.
Texte intégralWillschütz, H. G., E. Altstadt et M. Abendroth. « Thermo-mechanische Finite-Elemente-Modellierung zur Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB nach Verlagerung von Corium in das untere Plenum Thermo-mechanical finite element modelling of in-vessel melt retention after corium relocation into the lower plenum ». Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2008. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21618.
Texte intégralTiwari, Vaishnvi. « A consistent approach for coupling lumped-parameter and phase-field models for in-vessel corium to thermodynamic databases ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX087.
Texte intégralThis Ph.D. thesis is focused on ensuring a thermodynamically consistent representation of in-vessel corium (a high temperature mixture of molten reactor core and structural materials, described as a U-O-Zr-steel system) in the coupled thermohydraulic-thermochemical models that are used for performing Severe Accident (SA) analysis of nuclear Light Water Reactors (LWRs); in particular, the In-Vessel Melt Retention (IVMR) Strategy. In this context, the use of a thermodynamic database obtained by the CALPHAD method seems relevant by providing closures and inputs to the thermohydraulic and thermochemical models respectively. These databases consist of models for Gibbs energy functions of the possible phases for a system that can be used to obtain the equilibrium thermodynamic description for the system as well as material thermodynamic properties for out-of-equilibrium conditions.Through this work, a systematic approach for ensuring extensive utilization of CALPHAD data in the coupled models has been developed, and the associated questions have been answered for ‘mock-up’ macroscopic and mesoscopic models developed for describing some of the phenomena pertaining to in-vessel corium behaviour.As a first step, the feasibility of using CALPHAD based closures (in the form of enthalpy-temperature relations and local equilibrium conditions) has been tested on the macroscopic model developed using the lumped parameter approach. Considering the ternary U-O-Zr system, this model describes the plane front solidification process at the boundary of a molten corium pool. The second part of the work is focused on the development of a general formulation for diffuse interface models under the phase-field approach, which can be used to simulate the kinetics of various thermochemical processes under non-isothermal conditions such as solidification and phase segregation. The questions related to the thermodynamic consistency of the model as well as its parameterization (in particular with respect to the up-scaling of the interface thickness) have been addressed and the numerical results have been discussed for binary U-Zr and U-O systems under isothermal conditions
Barbé, Jean-Charles. « Sustentation sur film de gaz : application à l'étude de la rhéologie des mélanges corium-béton ». Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0088.
Texte intégralJasiulevicius, Audrius. « Analysis methodology for RBMK-1500 core safety and investigations on corium coolabiblty during a LWR sever accidnet ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energy Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3703.
Texte intégralThis thesis presents the work involving two broad aspectswithin the field of nuclear reactor analysis and safety. Theseare: - development of a fully independent reactor dynamics andsafety analysis methodology of the RBMK-1500 core transientaccidents and - experiments on the enhancement of coolabilityof a particulate bed or a melt pool due to heat removal throughthe control rod guide tubes.
The first part of the thesis focuses on the development ofthe RBMK-1500 analysis methodology based on the CORETRAN codepackage. The second part investigates the issue of coolabilityduring severe accidents in LWR type reactors: the coolabilityof debris bed and melt pool for in- vessel and ex-vesselconditions.
The safety of the RBMK type reactors became an importantarea of research after the Chernobyl accident. Since 1989,efforts to adopt Western codes for the RBMK analysis and safetyassessment are being made. The first chapters of this Thesisdescribe the development of an independent neutron dynamics andsafety analysis methodology for the RBMK-1500 core transientsand accidents. This methodology is based on the codes HELIOSand CORETRAN. The RBMK-1500 neutron cross section library wasgenerated with the HELIOS code. The ARROTTA part of theCORETRAN code performs three dimensional neutron dynamicsanalysis and the VIPRE-02 part of the CORETRAN package performsthe rod bundle thermal hydraulics analysis. The VIPRE-02 codewas supplemented with additional CHF correlations, used inRBMK-type reactor calcula tions. The validation, verificationand assessment of the CORETRAN code model for RBMK-1500 wereperformed and are described in the thesis.
The second part of the thesis describes the in- vesselparticulate debris bed and melt pool coolabilityinvestigations. The role of the control rod guide tubes (CRGTs)in enhancing the coolability during a postulated severeaccident in a BWR was investigated experimentally. Thisinvestigation is directed towards the accident managementscheme of retaining the core melt within the BWR lowerhead.
The particulate debris bed coolability was also investigatedduring the ex-vessel severe accident situation, having a flowof non-condensable gases through the porous debris bed.Experimental investigations on the dependence of the quenchingtime on the non-condensable gas flow rate were carriedout.
The first chapter briefly presents the status ofdevelopments in both the RBMK- 1500 core analysis and thecorium coolability areas.
The second chapter describes the generation of the RBMK-1500neutron cross section data library with the HELIOS code. Thecross section library was developed for the whole range of thereactor conditions (i.e. for both cold and hot reactor states).The results of the benchmarking with the WIMS-D4 code andvalidation against the RBMK Critical Facility experiments isalso presented here. The HELIOS generated neutron cross sectiondata library provides a close agreement with the WIMS-D4 coderesults. The validation against the data from the CriticalExperiments shows that the HELIOS generated neutron crosssection library provides excellent predictions for thecriticality, axial and radial power distribution, control rodreactivity worths and coolant reactivity effects, etc. Thereactivity effects of voiding for the system, fuel assembly andadditional absorber channel are underpredicted in thecalculations using the HELIOS code generated neutron crosssections. The underprediction, however, is much less than thatobtained when the WIMS-D4 code generated cross sections areemployed.
The third chapter describes the work, performed towards theaccurate prediction, assessment and validation of the CHF andpost-CHF heat transfer for the RBMK- 1500 reactor fuelassemblies employing the VIPRE-02 code. This chapter describesthe experiments, which were used for validating the CHFcorrelations, appropriate for the RBMK-1500 type reactors.These correlations after validation were added to the standardversion of the VIPRE-02 code. The VIPRE-02 calculations werebenchmarked against the RELAP5/MOD3.3 code. It was found thatthese user-coded additional CHF correlations developed for theRBMK type reactors (Osmachkin, RRC KI and Khabenskicorrelations) and implemented into the code by the author,provide a good prediction of the CHF occurrence at the RBMKreactor nominal pressure range (at about 7 MPa). Transition andfilm boiling are also predicted well with the VIPRE-02 code forthis pressure range. It was found, that for the RBMK- 1500reactor applications, EPRI CHF correlation should be used forthe CHF predictions for the lower fuel assemblies of thereactor in the subchannel model of the RBMK-1500 fuel assembly.RRC KI and Bowring CHF correlations may be used for the upperfuel assemblies. For a single-channel model of the RBMK-1500fuel channel, Osmachkin, RRC KI and Bowring correlationsprovide the closest predictions and may be used for the CHFestimation. For the low coolant mass fluxes in the fuelchannel, Khabenski correlation can be applied.
The fourth chapter presents the verification of the CORETRANcode for the RBMK-1500 core analysis (HELIOS generated neutroncross section data, coupled CORETRAN 3-D neutron kineticscalculations and VIPRE-02 thermal hydraulic module). The modelwas verified against a number of RBMK-1500 plant data andtransient calculations. The new RBMK-1500 core model wassuccessfully applied in several safety assessment applications.A series of transient calculations, considered within the scopeof the RBMK-type reactor Safety Analysis Report (SAR), wereperformed. Several cases of the transient calculations arepresented in this chapter. The HELIOS/CORETRAN/VIPRE-02 coremodel for the RBMK-1500 is fully functional. The RBMK-1500 CPSlogic, added into the CORETRAN provides an adequate response tothe changes in the reactor parameters.
Chapters 5 and 6 describe the experiments and the analysisperformed on the coolability of particulate debris bed and meltpool during a postulated severe accident in the LWR. In theChapter 5, the coolability potential, offered by the presenceof a large number of the Control Rod Guide Tubes (CRGTs) in theBWR lower head is presented. The experimental investigationsfor the enhancement of coolability possible with CRGTs wereperformed on two experimental facilities: POMECO (POrous MEdiumCOolability) and COMECO (COrium MElt COolability). Theinfluence of the coolant supply through the CRGT on the debrisbed dryout heat flux, debris bed and melt pool quenching time,crust growth rate, etc. were examined. The heat removalcapacity offered by the presence of the CRGT was quantifiedwith the experimental data, obtained from the POMECO and COMECOfacilities. It was found that the presence of the CRGTs in thelower head of a BWR offers a substantial potential for heatremoval during a postulated severe accident. Additional 10-20kW of heat were removed from the POMECO and COMECO testsections through the CRGT. This corresponds to the average heatflux on the CRGT wall equal to 100-300 kW/m2.
In the Chapter 6 the ex-vessel particulate debris bedcoolability is investigated, considering the non-condensablegases released from the concrete ablation process. Theinfluence of the flow of the non-condensable gases on theprocess of quenching a hot porous debris bed was considered.The POMECO test facility was modified, adding the air supply atthe bottom of the test section, to simulate the noncondensablegas release. The process was investigated for both high and lowporosity debris beds. It was found that for the low porositybed composition the countercurrent flooding limit could beexceeded, which would degrade the quenching process for suchbed compositions. The experimental results were analyzed withseveral CCFL models, available in the literature.
Keywords:RBMK, light water reactor, core analysis,transient analysis, reactor dynamics, RIA, ATWS, critical heatflux, post-CHF, severe accidents, particulate debris beds, meltpool coolability, BWR, CRGT, dryout, quenching, CCFL, crustgrowth, solidification, water ingression, heat transfer.
Rahman, Saidur [Verfasser], et Eckart [Akademischer Betreuer] Laurien. « Coolability of corium debris under severe accident conditions in light water reactors / Saidur Rahman. Betreuer : Eckart Laurien ». Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044892471/34.
Texte intégralFritz-Chateau, Marielle. « Etude expérimentale et modélisation de réfractaires pour retention de corium : réactivité, fluage et endommagement sous sollicitations thermomécaniques ». Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0876.
Texte intégralGoronovski, Andrei. « Influence of In-vessel Pressure and Corium Melt Properties on Global Vessel Wall Failure of Nordic-type BWRs ». Thesis, KTH, Kärnkraftsäkerhet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139534.
Texte intégralAPRI-8
Tyrpekl, Vaclav. « Effet matériaux lors de l'interaction corium-eau : analyse structurale des débris d'une explosition vapeur et mécanismes de solidification ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00758983.
Texte intégralCastrillon, Escobar Sebastian. « Instabilité et dispersion de jets de corium liquides : analyse des processus physiques et modélisation dans le logiciel MC3D ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0102/document.
Texte intégralIn the case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant, the molten core may flow into water and interact with it. The consequences of this fuel-coolant interaction (FCI) for the follow-up of the accident may be numerous so the phenomenon needs to be described accurately, one of them called “steam explosion” can lead to the failure of the nuclear reactor containment. FCI is a complex multiphase interaction involving several physical phenomena. The premixing phase of the interaction consists in the fragmentation and dispersion of corium in the coolant pool. This phase is driven by the fragmentation process which modifies heat transfers (coolant boiling dynamics) and chemical reactions (corium oxidation and hydrogen generation). This thesis brings new elements about the corium jet and droplet breakup with the main goal of improve fragmentation models on the MC3D multiphase code, developed by the IRSN. Our study is based on a multi-scale fragmentation process where the jet fragmentation rate and final droplet dimensions are not coupled themselves. We suppose a fragmentation process resulting from a primary instability (mass transfer within jet and big droplets) depending on the large flow scales and a secondary instability depending on the small flow scales (leading to final droplet breakup). This model has been implemented in MC3D in combination with the MUSIG method recently added to MC3D. In this method, droplets are represented using several classes, each of them with their own droplet diameter, mass and energy fields. Despite new improvements on modeling corium fragmentation, there is still a lack on the comprehension and characterization on the liquid droplet fragmentation, particularly on liquid/liquid configurations. In this thesis, we study in detail droplet breakup using the computational fluid dynamics software GERRIS. As a result, we find a new droplet breakup classification in liquid/liquid configurations, we improve the droplet breakup dynamics comprehension and we analyze the droplet-vortex interaction to determine breakup regime transition
Journeau, Christophe. « Contribution des essais en matériaux prototypiques sur la plate-forme PLINIUS à l'étude des accidents graves de réacteurs nucléaires ». Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343657.
Texte intégralWillschütz, Hans-Georg, et Eberhard Altstadt. « Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB nach Verlagerung von Corium in das untere Plenum Zusammenfassung der bisherigen Ergebnisse des Projekts Nr. : 150 1254 ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-29227.
Texte intégralWillschütz, Hans-Georg, et Eberhard Altstadt. « Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB nach Verlagerung von Corium in das untere Plenum Zusammenfassung der bisherigen Ergebnisse des Projekts Nr. : 150 1254 ». Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2003. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21748.
Texte intégralBaichi, Mehdi. « Contribution à l'étude du corium d'un réacteur nucléaire accidenté : aspects puissance résiduelle et thermodynamique des systèmes U-UO2 et UO2-ZrO2 ». Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0066.
Texte intégralPham, Quynh Trang. « Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans un bain liquide avec fusion de la paroi et effets de composition ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI007/document.
Texte intégralThis work deals with the thermal-hydraulics of a melt pool coupled with the physical chemistry for thepurpose of describing the behaviour of mixtures of materials (non-eutectic).Evolution of transient temperature in a liquid melt pool heated by volumetric power dissipation hasbeen described with solidification on the cooled wall. The model has been developed and is validatedfor the experimental results given by LIVE experiment, performed at Karlsruhe Institute ofTechnology (KIT) in Germany. Under the conditions of these tests, it is shown that the interfacetemperature follows the liquidus temperature (corresponding to the composition of the liquid bath)during the whole transient. Assumption of interface temperature as liquidus temperature allowsrecalculating the evolution of the maximum melt temperature as well as the local crust thickness.Furthermore, we propose a model for describing the interaction between a non-eutectic liquid meltpool (subjected to volumetric power dissipation) and an ablated wall whose melting point is below theliquidus temperature of the melt. The model predictions are compared with results of ARTEMIS 2Dtests. A new formulation of the interface temperature between the liquid melt and the solid wall(below liquidus temperature) has been proposed
MAURIZI, ANNE. « Reactivite chimique a haute temperature dans le systeme (u, zr, fe, o). Contribution a l'etude de la zircone comme recuperateur de corium ». Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066617.
Texte intégralSchmidt, Werner [Verfasser]. « Influence of multidimensionality and interfacial friction on the coolability of fragmented corium / IKE, Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme, Universität Stuttgart. Werner Schmidt ». Stuttgart : IKE, 2004. http://d-nb.info/973256095/34.
Texte intégralKonovalikhin, Maxim. « Investigations of Melt Spreading and Coolability in a LWR Severe accident ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energy Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3244.
Texte intégralWillschütz, Hans-Georg, et Eberhard Altstadt. « Beitrag zur Modellierung der Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB nach Verlagerung von Corium in das untere Plenum : Berechnung des Temperaturfeldes und der viskoplastischen Verformung der Behälterwand ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28799.
Texte intégralWillschütz, Hans-Georg, et Eberhard Altstadt. « Beitrag zur Modellierung der Schmelzerückhaltung im RDB nach Verlagerung von Corium in das untere Plenum : Berechnung des Temperaturfeldes und der viskoplastischen Verformung der Behälterwand ». Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2005. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21706.
Texte intégralGuillaumé, Mathieu. « Modélisation de l'interaction entre le cœur fondu d'un réacteur à eau pressurisée et le radier en béton du bâtiment réacteur ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL107N/document.
Texte intégralSevere accidents of nuclear power plants are very unlikely to occur, yet it is necessary to be able to predict the evolution of the accident. In some situations, heat generation due to the disintegration of fission products could lead to the melting of the core. If the molten core falls on the floor of the building, it would provoke the melting of the concrete floor. The objective of the studies is to calculate the melting rate of the concrete floor. The work presented in this report is in the continuity of the segregation phase model of Seiler and Froment. It is based on the results of the ARTEMIS experiments. Firstly, we have developed a new model to simulate the transfers within the interfacial area. The new model explains how heat is transmitted to concrete: by conduction, convection and latent heat generation. Secondly, we have modified the coupled modelling of the pool and the interfacial area. We have developed two new models: the first one is the “liquidus model”, whose main hypothesis is that there is no resistance to solute transfer between the pool and the interfacial area. The second one is “the thermal resistance model”, whose main hypothesis is that there is no solute transfer and no dissolution of the interfacial area. The second model is able to predict the evolution of the pool temperature and the melting rate in the tests 3 and 4, with the condition that the obstruction time of the interfacial area is about 105 s. The model is not able to explain precisely the origin of this value. The liquidus model is able to predict correctly the evolution of the pool temperature and the melting rate in the tests 2 and 6
Lecoanet, Alexandre. « Étude de l'ablation d'une paroi solide par un jet liquide ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0015.
Texte intégralIn case of core meltdown in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), it is important to remove the corium, formed from the core. To do so, discharge tubes connecting the core to the sodium plenum can be implemented within the reactor core. They could drive the corium toward a core-catcher placed in the lower part of the vessel. As corium should spread on it, its cooling would be enhanced by increasing its exchange surface with surrounding sodium. Nevertheless, as the corium jet’s temperature would be above 2 000 K, the core-catcher could therefore undergo substantial thermal attack and be ablated. To improve understanding of the ablation process and to provide new validation data for CFD codes, an experimental setup using simulant materials (ie. water and transparent ice) was designed and built. It allows for realtime visualization of ablation. It is the first time that someone has obtained such data, to the best of our knowledge. During the PhD project, this setup named Hot AblatioN of a SOlid by a Liquid - Observations (HAnSoLO) was built. Ablation phenomenology was thus studied. Data were obtained on the ablation velocity along the jet axis and allowed for comparisons with some scaling laws from the literature. Then, an analysis of the cavity which helps understanding the local heat and mass transfer linked to thermal-hydraulics was undertaken. Finally, several new physical models were compared with experimental data. The experimental setup implemented, and the database will be the basis for future studies
Willschütz, Hans-Georg. « CFD-Calculations to a Core Catcher Benchmark ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-30419.
Texte intégralWillschütz, Hans-Georg. « CFD-Calculations to a Core Catcher Benchmark ». Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 1999. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21868.
Texte intégral